SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES -------- No. A-798 -------- TURNER BROADCASTING SYSTEM, INC., ET AL. v. __ FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION ET AL. ON APPLICATION FOR AN INJUNCTION [April 29, 1993] CHIEF JUSTICE REHNQUIST, Circuit Justice. Applicants have asked me, as Circuit Justice for the District of Columbia Circuit, to enjoin enforcement of SS4 and 5 of the Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992, Pub. L. 102-385, 106 Stat. 1471-1481, which require cable operators to reserve a portion of their channel capacity for carrying local commercial and noncommercial educational broadcast stations. Applicants, cable operators and programmers, contend that these "must-carry" provisions violate the First Amendment because (1) they tell cable operators what speakers they must carry, thereby controlling the content of the operator's speech and shrinking the number of channels available for programming they might prefer to carry; (2) they inhibit the operators' editorial discretion to determine what programming messages to provide to subscribers; and (3) they give local broadcast "speakers" a preferred status. I herewith deny the application. The 1992 Cable Act, like all Acts of Congress, is presumptively constitutional. As such, it "should remain in effect pending a final decision on the merits by this Court." Marshall v. Barlow's, Inc., 429 U. S. 1347, 1348 ________ ______________ (1977) (REHNQUIST, J., in chambers). Moreover, the Act was upheld by the three- judge District Court, and even the dissenting judge rejected the argument now urged by applicants - that Congress may not compel cable operators A-798 - APPLICATION 2 TURNER BROADCASTING SYSTEM, INC. v. FCC ____ to carry the video signals of programmers they would otherwise choose not to carry. ___ F. Supp. ___, ___ (DC 1993). Unlike applicants, therefore, all three judges below would recognize that the government may regulate cable television as a medium of communication. Ibid. _____ Equally important is the fact that applicants are not merely seeking a stay of a lower court's order, but an injunction against the enforcement of a presumptively valid Act of Congress. Unlike a stay, which temporarily suspends "judicial alteration of the status quo," an injunction "grants judicial intervention that has been withheld by the lower courts." Ohio Citizens For __________________ Responsible Energy, Inc. v. NRC, 479 U. S. 1312, 1313 (1986) (SCALIA, J., in _________________________ ____ chambers). By seeking an injunction, applicants request that I issue an order altering the legal status quo. Not surprisingly, they do not cite any case in ________ which such extraordinary relief has been granted, either by a single Justice or by the whole Court. The All Writs Act, 28 U. S. C. S1651(a), is the only source of this Court's authority to issue an injunction. We have consistently stated, and our own Rules so require, that such power is to be used sparingly. See, e.g., Ohio _____ _ ____ Citizens For Responsible Energy, supra, at 1313; this Court's Rule 20.1 ("The ________________________________ ______ issuance by the Court of an extraordinary writ authorized by 28 U. S. C. S1651(a) is not a matter of right, but of discretion sparingly exercised"). "[J]udicial power to stay an act of Congress, like judicial power to hold that act unconstitutional, is an awesome responsibility calling for the utmost circumspection in its exercise. This factor is all the more important where, as here, a single member of the Court is asked to delay the will of Congress to put its policies into effect at the time it desires." Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. ____________________________ v. United States, 85 S.Ct. 1, 2, 13 L.Ed. 12 (1964) (BLACK, J., in chambers). _____________ An injunction is appropriate only if (1) it is "necessary or appropriate in aid of [our] jurisdiction," 28 U. S. C. A-798 - APPLICATION TURNER BROADCASTING SYSTEM, INC. v. FCC 3 ____ S1651(a), and (2) the legal rights at issue are "indisputably clear." Communist Party of Indiana v. Whitcomb, 409 U. S. 1235 (1972) (REHNQUIST, J., in __________________________ ________ chambers); Ohio Citizens For Responsible Energy, supra, at 1313. Without doubt, ____________________________________ ______ implementation of SS4 and 5 would not prevent this Court's exercise of its appellate jurisdiction to decide the merits of applicants' appeal. Nor is it "indisputably clear" that applicants have a First Amendment right to be free of the must-carry provisions. In Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo, 418 _____________________________ ________ U. S. 241 (1974), we struck down Florida's right of reply statute, holding that the State may not compel "editors or publishers to publish that which reason tells them should not be published." Id., at 256 (internal quotation marks ___ omitted). Under Tornillo, Congress plainly could not impose the must-carry ________ provisions on privately owned newspapers. In Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC, __________________________ ___ 395 U. S. 367 (1969), however, we upheld the Federal Communications Commission's requirement that broadcasters cover public issues, and give each side of the issue fair coverage. Noting that there is a finite number of frequencies available, we stated that "[i]t is the purpose of the First Amendment to preserve an uninhibited marketplace of ideas in which truth will ultimately prevail, rather than to countenance monopolization of that market, whether it be by the Government itself or a private licensee." Id., at 390. Although we have ___ recognized that cable operators engage in speech protected by the First Amendment, Leathers v. Medlock, 499 U. S. ___, ___ (1991); Los Angeles v. Pre- ________ _______ ___________ ____ ferred Communications, Inc., 476 U. S. 488, 494 (1986), we have not decided ____________________________ whether the activities of cable operators are more akin to that of newspapers or wireless broadcasters. Id., at 494-495. ____ In light of these two lines of authority, it simply is not indisputably clear that applicants have a First Amendment right to be free from government regulation. The A-798 - APPLICATION 4 TURNER BROADCASTING SYSTEM, INC. v. FCC ____ application for an injunction pending appeal to this Court is therefore denied.