Title 14--Aeronautics and Space
CHAPTER I--FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PART 27--AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT
|
|
| 27.1 |
Applicability. |
|
| 27.2 |
Special retroactive requirements. |
|
| 27.21 |
Proof of compliance. |
|
| 27.25 |
Weight limits. |
|
| 27.27 |
Center of gravity limits. |
|
| 27.29 |
Empty weight and corresponding center of gravity. |
|
| 27.31 |
Removable ballast. |
|
| 27.33 |
Main rotor speed and pitch limits. |
|
| 27.45 |
General. |
|
| 27.51 |
Takeoff. |
|
| 27.65 |
Climb: all engines operating. |
|
| 27.67 |
Climb: one engine inoperative. |
|
| 27.71 |
Glide performance. |
|
| 27.73 |
Performance at minimum operating speed. |
|
| 27.75 |
Landing. |
|
| 27.79 |
Limiting height--speed envelope. |
|
| 27.141 |
General. |
|
| 27.143 |
Controllability and maneuverability. |
|
| 27.151 |
Flight controls. |
|
| 27.161 |
Trim control. |
|
| 27.171 |
Stability: general. |
|
| 27.173 |
Static longitudinal stability. |
|
| 27.175 |
Demonstration of static longitudinal stability. |
|
| 27.177 |
Static directional stability. |
|
| 27.231 |
General. |
|
| 27.235 |
Taxiing condition. |
|
| 27.239 |
Spray characteristics. |
|
| 27.241 |
Ground resonance. |
|
| 27.251 |
Vibration. |
|
| 27.301 |
Loads. |
|
| 27.303 |
Factor of safety. |
|
| 27.305 |
Strength and deformation. |
|
| 27.307 |
Proof of structure. |
|
| 27.309 |
Design limitations. |
|
| 27.321 |
General. |
|
| 27.337 |
Limit maneuvering load factor. |
|
| 27.339 |
Resultant limit maneuvering loads. |
|
| 27.341 |
Gust loads. |
|
| 27.351 |
Yawing conditions. |
|
| 27.361 |
Engine torque. |
|
| 27.391 |
General. |
|
| 27.395 |
Control system. |
|
| 27.397 |
Limit pilot forces and torques. |
|
| 27.399 |
Dual control system. |
|
| 27.411 |
Ground clearance: tail rotor guard. |
|
| 27.427 |
Unsymmetrical loads. |
|
| 27.471 |
General. |
|
| 27.473 |
Ground loading conditions and assumptions. |
|
| 27.475 |
Tires and shock absorbers. |
|
| 27.477 |
Landing gear arrangement. |
|
| 27.479 |
Level landing conditions. |
|
| 27.481 |
Tail-down landing conditions. |
|
| 27.483 |
One-wheel landing conditions. |
|
| 27.485 |
Lateral drift landing conditions. |
|
| 27.493 |
Braked roll conditions. |
|
| 27.497 |
Ground loading conditions: landing gear with tail wheels. |
|
| 27.501 |
Ground loading conditions: landing gear with skids. |
|
| 27.505 |
Ski landing conditions. |
|
| 27.521 |
Float landing conditions. |
|
| 27.547 |
Main rotor structure. |
|
| 27.549 |
Fuselage, landing gear, and rotor pylon structures. |
|
| 27.561 |
General. |
|
| 27.562 |
Emergency landing dynamic conditions. |
|
| 27.563 |
Structural ditching provisions. |
|
| 27.571 |
Fatigue evaluation of flight structure. |
|
| 27.601 |
Design. |
|
| 27.602 |
Critical parts. |
|
| 27.603 |
Materials. |
|
| 27.605 |
Fabrication methods. |
|
| 27.607 |
Fasteners. |
|
| 27.609 |
Protection of structure. |
|
| 27.610 |
Lightning and static electricity protection. |
|
| 27.611 |
Inspection provisions. |
|
| 27.613 |
Material strength properties and design values. |
|
| 27.619 |
Special factors. |
|
| 27.621 |
Casting factors. |
|
| 27.623 |
Bearing factors. |
|
| 27.625 |
Fitting factors. |
|
| 27.629 |
Flutter. |
|
| 27.653 |
Pressure venting and drainage of rotor blades. |
|
| 27.659 |
Mass balance. |
|
| 27.661 |
Rotor blade clearance. |
|
| 27.663 |
Ground resonance prevention means. |
|
| 27.671 |
General. |
|
| 27.672 |
Stability augmentation, automatic, and power-operated systems. |
|
| 27.673 |
Primary flight control. |
|
| 27.674 |
Interconnected controls. |
|
| 27.675 |
Stops. |
|
| 27.679 |
Control system locks. |
|
| 27.681 |
Limit load static tests. |
|
| 27.683 |
Operation tests. |
|
| 27.685 |
Control system details. |
|
| 27.687 |
Spring devices. |
|
| 27.691 |
Autorotation control mechanism. |
|
| 27.695 |
Power boost and power-operated control system. |
|
| 27.723 |
Shock absorption tests. |
|
| 27.725 |
Limit drop test. |
|
| 27.727 |
Reserve energy absorption drop test. |
|
| 27.729 |
Retracting mechanism. |
|
| 27.731 |
Wheels. |
|
| 27.733 |
Tires. |
|
| 27.735 |
Brakes. |
|
| 27.737 |
Skis. |
|
| 27.751 |
Main float buoyancy. |
|
| 27.753 |
Main float design. |
|
| 27.755 |
Hulls. |
|
| 27.771 |
Pilot compartment. |
|
| 27.773 |
Pilot compartment view. |
|
| 27.775 |
Windshields and windows. |
|
| 27.777 |
Cockpit controls. |
|
| 27.779 |
Motion and effect of cockpit controls. |
|
| 27.783 |
Doors. |
|
| 27.785 |
Seats, berths, litters, safety belts, and harnesses. |
|
| 27.787 |
Cargo and baggage compartments. |
|
| 27.801 |
Ditching. |
|
| 27.805 |
Flight crew emergency exits. |
|
| 27.807 |
Emergency exits. |
|
| 27.831 |
Ventilation. |
|
| 27.833 |
Heaters. |
|
| 27.853 |
Compartment interiors. |
|
| 27.855 |
Cargo and baggage compartments. |
|
| 27.859 |
Heating systems. |
|
| 27.861 |
Fire protection of structure, controls, and other parts. |
|
| 27.863 |
Flammable fluid fire protection. |
|
| 27.865 |
External loads. |
|
| 27.871 |
Leveling marks. |
|
| 27.873 |
Ballast provisions. |
|
| 27.901 |
Installation. |
|
| 27.903 |
Engines. |
|
| 27.907 |
Engine vibration. |
|
| 27.917 |
Design. |
|
| 27.921 |
Rotor brake. |
|
| 27.923 |
Rotor drive system and control mechanism tests. |
|
| 27.927 |
Additional tests. |
|
| 27.931 |
Shafting critical speed. |
|
| 27.935 |
Shafting joints. |
|
| 27.939 |
Turbine engine operating characteristics. |
|
| 27.951 |
General. |
|
| 27.952 |
Fuel system crash resistance. |
|
| 27.953 |
Fuel system independence. |
|
| 27.954 |
Fuel system lightning protection. |
|
| 27.955 |
Fuel flow. |
|
| 27.959 |
Unusable fuel supply. |
|
| 27.961 |
Fuel system hot weather operation. |
|
| 27.963 |
Fuel tanks: general. |
|
| 27.965 |
Fuel tank tests. |
|
| 27.967 |
Fuel tank installation. |
|
| 27.969 |
Fuel tank expansion space. |
|
| 27.971 |
Fuel tank sump. |
|
| 27.973 |
Fuel tank filler connection. |
|
| 27.975 |
Fuel tank vents. |
|
| 27.977 |
Fuel tank outlet. |
|
| 27.991 |
Fuel pumps. |
|
| 27.993 |
Fuel system lines and fittings. |
|
| 27.995 |
Fuel valves. |
|
| 27.997 |
Fuel strainer or filter. |
|
| 27.999 |
Fuel system drains. |
|
| 27.1011 |
Engines: General. |
|
| 27.1013 |
Oil tanks. |
|
| 27.1015 |
Oil tank tests. |
|
| 27.1017 |
Oil lines and fittings. |
|
| 27.1019 |
Oil strainer or filter. |
|
| 27.1021 |
Oil system drains. |
|
| 27.1027 |
Transmissions and gearboxes: General. |
|
| 27.1041 |
General. |
|
| 27.1043 |
Cooling tests. |
|
| 27.1045 |
Cooling test procedures. |
|
| 27.1091 |
Air induction. |
|
| 27.1093 |
Induction system icing protection. |
|
| 27.1121 |
General. |
|
| 27.1123 |
Exhaust piping. |
|
| 27.1141 |
Powerplant controls: general. |
|
| 27.1143 |
Engine controls. |
|
| 27.1145 |
Ignition switches. |
|
| 27.1147 |
Mixture controls. |
|
| 27.1151 |
Rotor brake controls. |
|
| 27.1163 |
Powerplant accessories. |
|
| 27.1183 |
Lines, fittings, and components. |
|
| 27.1185 |
Flammable fluids. |
|
| 27.1187 |
Ventilation and drainage. |
|
| 27.1189 |
Shutoff means. |
|
| 27.1191 |
Firewalls. |
|
| 27.1193 |
Cowling and engine compartment covering. |
|
| 27.1194 |
Other surfaces. |
|
| 27.1195 |
Fire detector systems. |
|
| 27.1301 |
Function and installation. |
|
| 27.1303 |
Flight and navigation instruments. |
|
| 27.1305 |
Powerplant instruments. |
|
| 27.1307 |
Miscellaneous equipment. |
|
| 27.1309 |
Equipment, systems, and installations. |
|
| 27.1321 |
Arrangement and visibility. |
|
| 27.1322 |
Warning, caution, and advisory lights. |
|
| 27.1323 |
Airspeed indicating system. |
|
| 27.1325 |
Static pressure systems. |
|
| 27.1327 |
Magnetic direction indicator. |
|
| 27.1329 |
Automatic pilot system. |
|
| 27.1335 |
Flight director systems. |
|
| 27.1337 |
Powerplant instruments. |
|
| 27.1351 |
General. |
|
| 27.1353 |
Storage battery design and installation. |
|
| 27.1357 |
Circuit protective devices. |
|
| 27.1361 |
Master switch. |
|
| 27.1365 |
Electric cables. |
|
| 27.1367 |
Switches. |
|
| 27.1381 |
Instrument lights. |
|
| 27.1383 |
Landing lights. |
|
| 27.1385 |
Position light system installation. |
|
| 27.1387 |
Position light system dihedral angles. |
|
| 27.1389 |
Position light distribution and intensities. |
|
| 27.1391 |
Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights. |
|
| 27.1393 |
Minimum intensities in any vertical plane of forward and rear position lights. |
|
| 27.1395 |
Maximum intensities in overlapping beams of forward and rear position lights. |
|
| 27.1397 |
Color specifications. |
|
| 27.1399 |
Riding light. |
|
| 27.1401 |
Anticollision light system. |
|
| 27.1411 |
General. |
|
| 27.1413 |
Safety belts. |
|
| 27.1415 |
Ditching equipment. |
|
| 27.1419 |
Ice protection. |
|
| 27.1435 |
Hydraulic systems. |
|
| 27.1457 |
Cockpit voice recorders. |
|
| 27.1459 |
Flight recorders. |
|
| 27.1461 |
Equipment containing high energy rotors. |
|
| 27.1501 |
General. |
|
| 27.1503 |
Airspeed limitations: general. |
|
| 27.1505 |
Never-exceed speed. |
|
| 27.1509 |
Rotor speed. |
|
| 27.1519 |
Weight and center of gravity. |
|
| 27.1521 |
Powerplant limitations. |
|
| 27.1523 |
Minimum flight crew. |
|
| 27.1525 |
Kinds of operations. |
|
| 27.1527 |
Maximum operating altitude. |
|
| 27.1529 |
Instructions for Continued Airworthiness. |
|
| 27.1541 |
General. |
|
| 27.1543 |
Instrument markings: general. |
|
| 27.1545 |
Airspeed indicator. |
|
| 27.1547 |
Magnetic direction indicator. |
|
| 27.1549 |
Powerplant instruments. |
|
| 27.1551 |
Oil quantity indicator. |
|
| 27.1553 |
Fuel quantity indicator. |
|
| 27.1555 |
Control markings. |
|
| 27.1557 |
Miscellaneous markings and placards. |
|
| 27.1559 |
Limitations placard. |
|
| 27.1561 |
Safety equipment. |
|
| 27.1565 |
Tail rotor. |
|
| 27.1581 |
General. |
|
| 27.1583 |
Operating limitations. |
|
| 27.1585 |
Operating procedures. |
|
| 27.1587 |
Performance information. |
|
| 27.1589 |
Loading information. |