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LIST OF EXHIBITS
| Section 1 | |
| Introduction to the Study | |
| Exhibit 1-1 | Head Start Enrollment Increases by Ethnicity: Data from the 1994-1999 Program Information Reports |
| Exhibit 1-2 | The Conceptual Model for the Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES) |
| Exhibit 1-3 | Data Sources |
| Section II | |
| Head Start Children and Families | |
| Chapter 2: | Methodology |
| Exhibit 2-1 | Total Number of Programs Available, Total Enrollment of Children Aged 3 and Older, and the Number of Programs Drawn from Each Cell |
| Exhibit 2-2 | Distribution of Centers Within Programs in FACES and in 1995-96 PIR |
| Exhibit 2-3 | Number of Completed Parent Interviews by Data Collection Wave |
| Exhibit 2-4 | Relationships of the Fall 1997 Respondents to the Head Start Children |
| Exhibit 2-5 | Characteristics of the Parent Interviews over Three Data Collection Waves |
| Chapter 3: | Head Start Children |
| Exhibit 3-1 | Primary Demographic Characteristics of Head Start Children |
| Exhibit 3-2 | Primary Demographic Characteristics of Head Start Children by Urbanicity and Geographic Region |
| Exhibit 3-3 | Children's Health Status as Reported by Parents |
| Exhibit 3-4 | Child Birthweight Categories by Ethnicity as Reported by Parents |
| Exhibit 3-5 | Child Birthweight as Reported by Parents within Ethnic Groups |
| Exhibit 3-6 | Children's Disabilities as Reported by Parents and from the PIR |
| Exhibit 3-7 | Children's Behavior and Academic Skills, as Rated by Parents |
| Exhibit 3-8 | Mean Scores for Child Behavior and Academic Skills as Rated by Parents within Gender and Ethnicity |
| Chapter 4: | Head Start Families |
| Exhibit 4-1 | Demographic Characteristics of the FACES Primary Caregivers |
| Exhibit 4-2 | Description of Parents Who Were Not Respondents: Household
Fathers, Non-Household Fathers, Household Mothers, and Non-Household Mothers |
| Exhibit 4-3 | Changes in Household Composition from Fall 1997 to Spring 1998 |
| Exhibit 4-4 | Selected Demographic Characteristics by Reported Monthly Household Income |
| Exhibit 4-5 | Reported Monthly Household Income by Employment Status |
| Exhibit 4-6 | Non-employment Sources of Economic Support Used in the Past Year |
| Exhibit 4-7 | Selected Sources of Financial Support by Parents' Employment Status |
| Exhibit 4-8 | Experiences of FACES Parents with Welfare Reform |
| Exhibit 4-9 | Housing Status by Selected Demographic Characteristics |
| Exhibit 4-10 | Selected Demographic Characteristics for Households in which the Children were Covered by Private Health Insurance or by Medicaid or had No Health Insurance |
| Exhibit 4-11 | Sources of Routine Child Health Care and Care When Children are Sick or Injured |
| Exhibit 4-12 | Sources of Routine Child Health Care and Type of Health Insurance |
| Exhibit 4-13 | Type of Child Care Arrangements as Reported by Parents |
| Exhibit 4-14 | Demographic Characteristics by the Primary Language Spoken in the Home |
| Exhibit 4-15 | Demographic and Family Background Characteristics by Ethnicity |
| Exhibit 4-16 | Demographic and Family Background Characteristics by Urbanicity |
| Exhibit 4-17 | Demographic and Family Background Characteristics by Region |
| Chapter 5: | Functioning of Head Start Families |
| Exhibit 5-1 | Safety Practices in the Home as Reported by Parents, Fall 1997 |
| Exhibit 5-2 | Social Support Reported by Head Start Parents, Fall 1997 |
| Exhibit 5-3 | Correlations between Depression and Selected Factors Related to the Well-being of Children and Families |
| Exhibit 5-4 | Change in Use of Time Outs and Spanking from Fall 1997 to Spring 1998 |
| Exhibit 5-5 | Crude and Adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for Using Spanking as a Discipline Method by Depression, Single Parenthood, Educational Attainment, Ethnicity, Income and Age |
| Exhibit 5-6 | Parents' Reports of Exposure to Violence and Crime in the Past Year, Fall 1997 |
| Exhibit 5-7 | Mediational Model: Neighborhood Violence, Child Behavior, and Depression |
| Exhibit 5-8 | Moderators of Exposure to Violence |
| Exhibit 5-9 | Crude Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for Having the Parent, Another Household Member, or a Non-Household Biological Parent Arrested or Charged with a Crime Since the Birth of the Head Start Child |
| Exhibit 5-10 | Percentage of Families with Selected Risk Factors for Child Development by Urbanicity and Ethnicity, Fall 1997 |
| Exhibit 5-11 | Change in Family Risk Factors from Fall 1997 to Spring 1998 |
| Chapter 6: | Families' Involvement with Their Children |
| Exhibit 6-1 | Mean Total, Weekly, and Monthly Activities of Family Members with Head Start Children, Fall 1997 |
| Exhibit 6-2 | Correlations of Activity Levels with Selected Child and Family Characteristics, Fall 1997 |
| Exhibit 6-3 | Correlations of Fathers' Activity With their Children with Child-Oriented Activity for Mothers, other Household Members and Non-Household Family Members, by Availability of Fathers |
| Exhibit 6-4 | Correlations of Fathers' Support for Child Rearing and Their Child-oriented Activity, by Availability of Fathers |
| Exhibit 6-5 | Correlations of Fathers' Support for Child Rearing with Parental Ratings of Children, by Availability of Fathers |
| Exhibit 6-6 | Correlation of Fathers' Support for Child Rearing with Need and Use of Family Services, by Availability of Fathers |
| Exhibit 6-7 | A Summary of Household Changes Involving Categories of Key Adult Males and Females, by Ethnicity |
| Chapter 7: | Families Experience with Head Start |
| Exhibit 7-1 | Number of Days Absent Over the 1997-1998 Head Start School Year |
| Exhibit 7-2 | Type and Frequency of Participation at Head Start by Parents |
| Exhibit 7-3 | Parental Involvement in Head Start Predicting Child and Family Outcomes |
| Exhibit 7-4 | Mean Change Scores by High, Moderate, and Low Involvement Groups, 1997-1998. |
| Exhibit 7-5 | Top Six Barriers to Participation at Head Start as Reported by Parents |
| Exhibit 7-6 | Parents' Perceptions of Benefits Expected and Received from Head Start |
| Exhibit 7-7 | Parents' Perceptions of Child and Family Experiences at Head Start |
| Exhibit 7-8 | Parents' Satisfaction with the Head Start Program |
| Exhibit 7-9 | Parents' Suggestions for Improving Head Start in Spring 1998 |
| Chapter 8: | Head Start's Special Populations |
| Exhibit 8-1 | Percentages of Parents of Children with Disabilities and Parents of Children without Disabilities Who Participated at Head Start during 1997-1998 School Year |
| Exhibit 8-2 | Characteristics of Children with Disabilities and Their Families |
| Exhibit 8-3 | Head Start Enrollment by Ethnicity: 1992-93 to 1998-99 |
| Exhibit 8-5 | Percentage of Families with One or More Disabilities |
| Exhibit 8-6 | Percentage Born Outside the U.S. and Lived More than Five Years in U.S |
| Exhibit 8-7 | Percentage of Families that Speak Spanish in the Home and Children Spanish Assessed in |
| Exhibit 8-8 | Percentage of Families with Two-Parent Households |
| Exhibit 8-9 | Educational Attainment |
| Exhibit 8-10 | Percentage of Families Not Employed |
| Exhibit 8-11 | Percentage of Families' Household Income < $1,000 per Month |
| Exhibit 8-12 | Percentage of Families Receiving WIC and TANF Benefits |
| Exhibit 8-13 | Percentage of Families with Selected Risk Factors for Child Development |
| Exhibit 8-14 | Percentage of Families with Regular Health Care Providers for Children and Parents |
| Exhibit 8-15 | Child Care Use |
| Exhibit 8-16 | Average Activities with Child |
| Exhibit 8-17 | Social Support Reported by Parents - Percentage Somewhat or Very Helpful |
| Exhibit 8-18 | Participation at Head Start by Parents One or More Times |
| Exhibit 8-19 | Top Barriers to Participation at Head Start |
| Exhibit 8-20 | Parent Satisfaction with Head Start - Percent Very Satisfied |
| Exhibit 8-4 | Characteristics of Hispanic Children and their Families |
| Exhibit 8-22 | Percentages of Grandparents as Primary Caregivers and
Parents as Primary Caregivers Who Participated at Head Start during 1997-1998 School Year |
| Exhibit 8-23 | Grandparent Caregivers' and Parent Caregivers' Satisfaction with Head Start |
| Exhibit 8-24 | Characteristics of Grandparents as Primary Caregivers |
| Section III: | |
| Chapter 1: | Introduction to Head Start Staff |
| Exhibit 1-1 | Contents of the Staff Interviews |
| Chapter 2: | Methodology |
| Exhibit 2-1 | Number of Staff Interviews Completed |
| Exhibit 2-2 | Number of Staff Interviews by Region and Urbanicity |
| Chapter 3: | Staff Background Characteristics |
| Exhibit 3-1 | Staff Experience by Position |
| Exhibit 3-2 | Center Director's (excluding Administrative Teachers) Experience by Region and Urbanicity |
| Exhibit 3-3 | Classroom Teacher (including Administrative Teachers) Experience by Region and Urbanicity |
| Exhibit 3-4 | Family Service Worker Experience by Region and Urbanicity |
| Exhibit 3-5 | Level of Education by Staff Position |
| Exhibit 3-6 | Center Director (excluding Administrative Teachers) Education by Region and Urbanicity |
| Exhibit 3-7 | Classroom Teacher (including Administrative Teachers) Education by Region and Urbanicity |
| Exhibit 3-8 | Family Service Worker Education by Region and Urbanicity |
| Exhibit 3-9 | Training Formats Offered by Head Start |
| Exhibit 3-10 | Hours of Staff Training (during past 12 months) by Position |
| Exhibit 3-11 | Hours of Staff Training (during past 12 months) by Position, Region, and Urbanicity |
| Exhibit 3-12 | Percentage of Staff Training Topics by Position |
| Exhibit 3-13 | Reported Staff Salaries by Position, Region, and Urbanicity |
| Exhibit 3-14 | Reported Benefits by Position |
| Exhibit 3-15 | Reported Work Hours and Overall Job Satisfaction by Staff Position |
| Exhibit 3-16 | Reported Barriers to Job Performance by Staff Position |
| Exhibit 3-17 | Reported Reasons for Continuing Head Start Employment by Position (Percentage Reporting item as "Important") |
| Chapter 4: | Head Start Services and Activities |
| Exhibit 4-1 | Priorities for In-Service Training of Head Start Classroom Staff as Reported by Education Coordinators |
| Exhibit 4-2 | Most Frequent Educational Problems Resulting in a Head Start Individualized Education Plan as Reported by Education Coordinators |
| Exhibit 4-3 | Most Important Goals for Home Visits by Educational Staff as Reported by Education Coordinators |
| Exhibit 4-4 | Curricula Employed in Head Start Programs as Identified by Head Start Staff |
| Exhibit 4-5 | Elements of the Curricula Employed in Head Start Programs as Specified by Head Start Staff |
| Exhibit 4-6 | Head Start Staff Responsible for Day-to-Day Instructional Plans for Children (as Reported by Education Coordinators, Center Directors, and Classroom Teachers) |
| Exhibit 4-7 | Head Start Staff Responsible for Preparation of Teaching Materials (As Reported By Education Coordinators, Center Directors, and Classroom Teachers) |
| Exhibit 4-8 | Classroom Staff Responsibility for Day-to-Day Instructional Activities as Reported by Classroom Teachers |
| Exhibit 4-9 | Frequencies of Classroom Activities reported by Center Directors and Classroom Teachers |
| Exhibit 4-10 | Frequencies of Teaching "Letters of the Alphabet or Words" by Region and (as Reported by Directors and Classroom Teachers) |
| Exhibit 4-11 | Frequencies of Having Computer Time for Children by Region and Urbanicity (as Reported by Directors and Classroom Teachers) |
| Exhibit 4-12 | Reading to Children by Region and Urbanicity as reported by Classroom Teachers |
| Exhibit 4-13 | Staff Opinions on Main Benefits that Head Start Provides to Children (as Reported by Classroom Teachers) |
| Exhibit 4-14 | Staff Opinions about the Three Main Benefits that Head Start Provides to Children by Region and Urbanicity (as Reported by Classroom Teachers) |
| Exhibit 4-15 | Most Important Goals for Parents as Ranked by Center Directors, Classroom Teachers, and Component Coordinators |
| Exhibit 4-16 | Parental Concerns Expressed at Orientation Meetings as Reported by Center Directors |
| Exhibit 4-17 | Frequency of Parent Activities/Workshops by Topic as Reported by Center Directors |
| Exhibit 4-18 | Types and Frequencies of Contacts with Parents Reported by Classroom Teachers |
| Exhibit 4-19 | Activities to Promote Contacts among Parents Reported by Classroom Teachers |
| Exhibit 4-20 | Use of Parent Volunteers in the Classroom as Reported by Classroom Teachers |
| Exhibit 4-21 | Former or Current Head Start Parents as Employees at Head Start as Reported by Center Directors |
| Exhibit 4-22 | Main Goals of Head Start Staff During Home Visits as Reported by Center Directors and Classroom Teachers |
| Exhibit 4-23 | Workshops Targeted for Males as Reported by Component Coordinators |
| Exhibit 4-24 | Barriers to Parent Participation as Reported by Center Directors, Classroom Teachers, and Component Coordinators |
| Exhibit 4-25 | Problems in Planning or Having Parent Activities as Reported by Center Directors and Classroom Teachers and Component Coordinators |
| Exhibit 4-26 | Factors Determining How Families Were Assigned to Family Service Worker Caseloads as Reported by Social Services Coordinators and Family Service Workers |
| Exhibit 4-27 | Main Activities with Families by Social Service Staff as Reported by Social Service Coordinators and Family Service Workers |
| Exhibit 4-28 | Children and Families with Selected Risk Factors by Urbanicity and Geographic Region as Reported by Center Directors |
| Exhibit 4-29 | Families with Selected Risk Factors by Urbanicity and Geographic Region as Reported by Family Service Workers |
| Exhibit 4-30 | Head Start Assistance to Families as Reported by Component Coordinators |
| Exhibit 4-31 | Most Frequent Child Health Problems as Reported by Health Coordinators |
| Exhibit 4-32 | Top Three Health Risks to Families as Reported by Health Coordinators |
| Exhibit 4-33 | Requirements for Health Screenings and Measurements as Reported by Health Coordinators |
| Exhibit 4-34 | Use of Parent Volunteers in the Head Start Health Services Program as Reported by Health Coordinators |
| Exhibit 4-35 | Frequency of Health-Related Parent Workshops as Reported by Health Coordinators |
| Exhibit 4-36 | Significant Correlations Among Teacher-Reported Measures and Parent-Reported Measures |
| Exhibit 4-37 | Hierarchical Regression Model of Increases in Family-Child Activities from Fall to Spring |
| Exhibit 4-38 | Hierarchical Regression Model of Parent Involvement in Head Start |
| Exhibit 4-39 | Hierarchical Regression Model of Parent Satisfaction in Head Start |
| Exhibit 4-40 | Staff Comments on Possible Head Start Program Improvements |
| Section IV: | |
| Chapter 1: | Introduction to the Case Study |
| Exhibit 1-1 | Key Research Themes and Questions of the FACES Case Study |
| Chapter 2: | Case Study Methodology |
| Exhibit 2-1 | Description of the FACES Case Study Sample |
| Exhibit 2-2 | Topical Structure of the Head Start Family Narratives |
| Chapter 3: | Results From Home Visit Interviews |
| Exhibit 3-1 | Child-Focused Reasons for Enrolling Children in Head Start |
| Exhibit 3-2 | Hopes and Goals Related to the Children's Education |
| Exhibit 3-3 | Other Hopes and Goals for the Children's Future |
| Exhibit 3-4 | Parents' Perceptions of their Families' Strengths |
| Exhibit 3-5 | Parents' Perceptions of their Families' Areas of Needed Improvement |
| Exhibit 3-6 | Parents' Perceptions of Current Family Problems |
| Exhibit 3-7 | Parents' Reasons for Participating in Head Start Activities |
| Exhibit 3-8 | Types of Head Start Activities Participated in by Families |
| Exhibit 3-9 | Parents' Reports of Barriers or Facilitators to Head Start Participation |
| Exhibit 3-10 | Parents' Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction with Head Start |
| Exhibit 3-11 | Parenting Beliefs as Reported by the Parents |
| Exhibit 3-12 | The Role Head Start Played in Helping the Parents |
| Exhibit 3-13 | What Would Help Head Start Parents |
| Exhibit 3-14 | Parents' Perceptions of Their Neighborhood as a Place to Raise Children |
| Exhibit 3-15 | What Parents' Like about their Neighborhoods and What They Would Change |
| Exhibit 3-16 | Percentage of Resources Present in all of the Neighborhoods as Reported by the Parents |
| Exhibit 3-17 | Percentage of Social and Physical Quality Indicators Present in all of the Neighborhoods, as Reported by the Parents |
| Chapter 4: | Monthly Telephone Interviews |
| Exhibit 4-1 | Changes in the Household Composition of Head Start Families |
| Exhibit 4-2 | Changes in the Employment Status |
| Exhibit 4-3 | Changes in Household Income |
| Exhibit 4-4 | Family Health |
| Exhibit 4-5 | Child Care Arrangements |
| Exhibit 4-6 | Involvement in Head Start Activities |
| Exhibit 4-7 | Intimate Social Support Networks of the Parents |
| Exhibit 4-8 | Informational Social Support Networks of the Parents |
| Exhibit 4-9 | Instrumental Social Support Networks of the Parents |
| Exhibit 4-10 | Psychological Well-Being of the Parents |
| Exhibit 4-11 | Family Resources |
| Exhibit 4-12 | The Readiness of the Head Start Children to Enter Kindergarten |
| Section V: Community Agency Substudy | |
| Chapter 2: | Methodology |
| Exhibit 2-1 | Description of Community Agencies |
| Chapter 3: | Findings and Summary |
| Exhibit 3-1 | Type of Collaboration |
| Exhibit 3-2 | Types of Informal Collaborations between Community Agencies and Local Head Start Programs, as Reported by the Agencies' Staff |
| Exhibit 3-3 | Types of Formal Collaboration between Community Agencies and Local Head Start Programs, as Reported by the Agencies' Staff |
| Exhibit 3-4 | Communication between Community Agencies and their Local Head Start Programs, as Reported by the Agencies' Staff |
| Exhibit 3-5 | Frequency and Type of Collaboration With Community Agencies, as Reported by Head Start Family Service Workers |
| Exhibit 3-6 | Barriers to Collaboration, as Reported by the Head Start Family Service Workers |
| Exhibit 3-7 | Methods of Client Referrals to the Local Head Start Programs, as Reported by the Community Agencies' Staff |
| Exhibit 3-8 | Suggested Area for Improved Collaboration with Head Start, as Reported by Community Agencies' Staff |
| Exhibit 3-9 | Most Frequent Strategies Used for Recruiting Low-Income Families, as Reported by Community Agencies' Staff |
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