HPS Case Definition
The following case definition was published in:
"Case Definitions for Infectious Conditions Under Public Health Surveillance"
in
Morbidiy and Mortality Weekly Report, May 02, 1997/Vol 46, No RR10;1
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (Revised 9/96) Clinical description
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), commonly referred to as hantavirus disease, is a febrile illness characterized by
bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates and respiratory compromise usually requiring supplemental oxygen and clinically resembling acute respiratory disease syndrome
(ARDS). The typical prodrome consists of fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Typical clinical laboratory findings include
hemoconcentration, left shift in the white blood cell
count, neutrophilic leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and circulating
immunoblasts.
Clinical case definition
An illness characterized by one or more of the following clinical features:
A febrile illness (i.e., temperature greater than 101.0 F {greater than 38.3 C}) characterized by bilateral diffuse interstitial edema that may radiographically
resemble ARDS, with respiratory compromise requiring supplemental oxygen, developing within 72 hours of hospitalization, and occurring in a previously
healthy person.
An unexplained respiratory illness resulting in death, with an autopsy examination demonstrating noncardiogenic pulmonary edema without an identifiable cause
Laboratory criteria for diagnosis
Detection of hantavirus-specific immunoglobulin M or rising titers of hantavirus-specific immunoglobulin G,
or
Detection of hantavirus-specific ribonucleic acid sequence by polymerase chain reaction in clinical specimens,
or
Detection of hantavirus antigen by immunohistochemistry.
Case classification Confirmed: a clinically compatible case that is laboratory confirmed
Comment
Laboratory testing should be performed or confirmed at a reference laboratory. Because the clinical illness is nonspecific and ARDS is common, a screening case
definition can be used to determine which patients to test. In general, a predisposing medical condition (e.g., chronic pulmonary disease, malignancy, trauma, burn,
and surgery) is a more likely cause of ARDS than HPS, and patients who have these underlying conditions and ARDS need not be tested for hantavirus.
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This page last reviewed Monday, June 21, 2004
Special Pathogens Branch
Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases
National Center for Infectious Diseases
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
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