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Long Term Scenarios
Due to the long time horizon of global greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, near term climate mitigation strategies should be framed in context with long term climate assessments. EPA has supported and contributed to a variety of efforts to model and analyze long term scenarios of greenhouse gas concentrations and economic impacts, including the Energy Modeling Forum, the Climate Change Science Program, and the IPCC 4th Assessment Report. The long term scenarios typically focus on the time frame out to 2100.
- Energy Modeling Forum, Working Group 21 (EMF-21)
- Climate Change Science Program
- IPCC 4th Assessment, Working Group III Report, Mitigation of Climate Change
The Energy Modeling Forum
The Energy Modeling Forum was established by Stanford University to explore energy and environmental issues through the collaboration of diverse modeling teams from around the world. The Energy Modeling Forum, Working Group 21 (EMF-21) focused specifically on multi-gas strategies to address climate change and resulted in the publication of a Special Issue #3 of The Energy Journal, Multi-Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Climate Policy 
. EPA contributed a number of papers to the special issue. For more information about the Energy Modeling Forum, please visit the EMF-21 Web page .
Climate Change Science Program
The Climate Change Science Program integrates federal research on climate and global change, as sponsored by thirteen federal agencies and overseen by the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the Council on Environmental Quality, the National Economic Council and the Office of Management and Budget.
EPA has contributed to Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) Product 2.1a, Scenarios of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Atmospheric Concentrations and Review of Integrated Scenario Development and Application. For more information or to download a copy of the report please visit the CCSP Web page.
IPCC 4th Assessment, Working Group III Report, Mitigation of Climate Change
The report, prepared by IPCC Working Group III, assesses greenhouse gas mitigation options in each sector of the global economy, addressing the economic and environmental costs and benefits of mitigation, the technical aspects of mitigation options, and potential cross-sectoral synergies and trade-offs. It also assesses the compatibility of near-term greenhouse gas mitigation activities with long-term climate stabilization pathways. Find out more about key findings from WG III on EPA’s IPCC 2007 page.