Volume 9, Number 6, June 2003

Dead Bird Clusters as an Early Warning System for West Nile Virus Activity

Farzad Mostashari,* Martin Kulldorff,† Jessica J. Hartman,* James R. Miller,* and Varuni Kulasekera†
*New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA; and †University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA

Figure 3. Dead bird clusters, West Nile virus (WNV)–positive dead birds, human cases, and mosquito traps, New York City, 2001. The shading represents the cumulative frequency of dead bird clusters in each census tract as of the date of analysis. Cumulative WNV-positive birds and mosquitoes are displayed on the basis of their date of collection; human cases are shown on the basis of their date of onset of illness.

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This page last reviewed May 19, 2003

Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal
National Center for Infectious Diseases
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention