Child and Adolescent Health
Publications and Materials

Below are selected publications and materials related to child and adolescent health. Please note the year of publication may be later than the year(s) the data represent.

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2008 Publications and Materials
2007 Publications and Materials
2006 Publications and Materials
2005 Publications and Materials
2004 Publications and Materials
2003 Publications and Materials
2002 Publications and Materials
2001 Publications and Materials
1995 Publications and Materials
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Survey Provides First Estimates for HPV Vaccination (11/20/08)
The nation′s immunization coverage rates for preteens and teens are increasing for routinely recommended vaccines, according to 2007 estimates. The survey found that 25.1 percent of adolescent females had received at least one dose of human papillomavirus vaccine.

Emergency Planning Tips if You're Pregnant or Have Young Children (9/5/08)
If you are pregnant or have infants or young children, find out how to plan for an emergency or disaster.

Adoption Experiences of Women and Men and Demand for Children to Adopt by Women 18-44 Years of Age in the United States, 2002 (9/5/08)
This report presents national estimates of the prevalence of adoption for men and women 18-44 years of age, the demand for children to adopt by women, and women抯 preferences for characteristics of the adopted child. U.S. men aged 18-44 years are more than twice as likely as women of the same age group to have adopted a child. Among all women aged 18-44 in 2002, only 1.1% had adopted a child and 1.6% were currently seeking to adopt.

Break the Silence: Stop the Violence (8/7/08)
It may shock you to know that one out of every eleven teens reports being hit or physically hurt by a boyfriend or girlfriend in the past twelve months. But why is that, and how can we change it? In "Break The Silence: Stop the Violence," parents talk with teens about developing healthy, respectful relationships before they start dating.

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance- United States, 2007 (6/23/08)
The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System monitors six categories of health behaviors among students in grades 9-12, including behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and STDs, including HIV infection; unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity. Find out what has changed and how girls compare to boys.

Prom Health and Safety Tips (4/30/08)
For many people, prom is one of the highlights of the high school experience. Making smart decisions may help lower stress while planning and enjoying the big night. If you or someone you know is going to the prom, here are a few tips to help make it a fun, safe, and happy experience for everyone.

One in Four Teenage Girls Has a Sexually Transmitted Disease (3/26/08)
A CDC study estimates that one in four (26 percent) young women between the ages of 14 and 19 in the United States (3.2 million teenage girls) is infected with at least one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (human papillomavirus (HPV), chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, and trichomoniasis).

The Choking Game: A Risky Youth Behavior (3/26/08)
The choking game is a dangerous activity that older children and early adolescents sometimes play to get a brief high. They either choke each other or use a noose to choke themselves. After just a short time, children can pass out, which may lead to serious injury or even death from hanging or strangulation.

Adolescent Aggression No Longer Limited to the School Yard (12/20/07)
Text messaging, chat rooms, and social networking websites have allowed youth to easily develop relationships, some with people they have never met in person. Youth can use electronic media to embarrass, harass or threaten their peers. Increasing numbers of adolescents are becoming victims of this new form of violence.

CDC Offers High School Curriculum in Workplace Safety and Health (11/19/07)
Working teens, 16- to 19-years old, are injured or killed on the job in disproportionately high numbers. As a rule, they receive little or no formal safety education and training, either in school or on the job. To fill this gap, CDC offers a new high school curriculum, "Youth@Work: Talking Safety," designed especially for young workers.

Autumn Tips to Help Keep Your Kids Safe and Healthy (10/9/07)
Greet the fall with ways to help keep you and your kids safe and healthy.

Safe and Healthy Kids (10/9/07)
View health and safety information, tips, and activities for parents, kids, and teens.

Suicide Trends among Youths and Young Adults Aged 10-24 Years- United States, 1990-2004 (9/6/07)
In 2004, suicide was the third leading cause of death among youths and young adults aged 10-24 years in the United States. From 2003 to 2004, suicide rates rose for 10-14-year-old females, 15-19-year-old females and 15-19-year-old males. The rate of hanging/suffocation suicides among 10-14-year-old girls more than doubled between 2003 and 2004. It is important to recognize the warning signs of suicide in youth, such as talking about taking one抯 life or feeling sad or hopeless about the future. A resource for helping to prevent suicide is the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline toll-free number, 1-800-273-TALK (273-8255).

Types of Alcoholic Beverages Usually Consumed by Students in 9th-12th Grades- Four States, 2005 (8/31/07)
Liquor (e.g., bourbon, rum, scotch, vodka, or whiskey) was the most prevalent type of alcoholic beverage usually consumed among students in 9th-12th grades who reported current alcohol use or binge drinking. Among female students, liquor was the most prevalent type in all four states, followed by malt beverages in Arkansas, New Mexico, and Wyoming and beer in Nebraska  (25.6%).

Pre-Teen Vaccine Campaign (8/31/07)
This campaign is aimed at educating parents and healthcare providers of 11 and 12 year olds about the routine vaccines recommended for this age group. These vaccines include the HPV vaccine for girls, the Meningococcal vaccine (MCV4), and the Tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine. The campaign will include media outreach, a website with information about each vaccine, and educational flyers and posters.

America抯 Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2007 (childstats.gov) (8/31/07)
The Forum's annual report provides the Nation with a summary of national indicators of child well-being and monitors changes in these indicators over time. This report includes information on births to unmarried women, adolescent births, child maltreatment, sexual activity, and other areas relevant to girls' and women抯 health. 

Choose Respect (7/27/07)
Choose Respect is an initiative to help adolescents form healthy relationships to prevent dating abuse before it starts. This national effort is designed to motivate adolescents to challenge harmful beliefs about dating abuse and take steps to form respectful relationships.

National Women & Girls HIV/AIDS Awareness Day, March 10 (3/5/07)
http://www.omhrc.gov/hivaidsobservances/women/index.html  (Non-CDC site)
March 10, 2007 marks the second annual National Women and Girls HIV/AIDS Awareness Day. This day is set to raise awareness on the increasing impact of HIV/AIDS transmission on women and girls.

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance- Selected Steps Communities, 2005 (3/5/07)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5602a1.htm
Results from the 15 Steps communities indicated that a substantial proportion of adolescents engaged in health risk behaviors associated with obesity, diabetes, and asthma. During 2005, across surveys, the percentage of high school students who had not eaten fruits and vegetables 5 or more times/day during the 7 days preceding the survey ranged from 80.1 percent to 85.2 percent (median: 83.1 percent), the percentage who were overweight ranged from 6.6 percent to 19.6 percent (median: 11.5 percent), the percentage who did not attend physical education classes daily ranged from 53.7 percent to 95.1 percent (median: 74.2 percent), and the percentage who had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey ranged from 9.2 percent to 26.5 percent (median: 17.1 percent). Data provided by gender.

Fetal and Perinatal Mortality- United States, 2003 (3/5/07)
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr55/nvsr55_06.pdf
This report presents 2003 fetal and perinatal mortality data by a variety of characteristics, including maternal age, marital status, race, Hispanic origin, and state of residence; and by infant birthweight, gestational age, plurality, and sex. Trends in fetal and perinatal mortality are also examined. The rate of fetal deaths occurring at 20 weeks of gestation or more (also known as stillbirths) declined substantially between 1990 and 2003. Although fetal mortality rates declined among all racial and ethnic groups from 1990-2003, the rate for non-Hispanic black women was more than double that of non-Hispanic white women (11.56 per 1,000 vs. 4.94 per 1,000).

QuickStats: Percentage of Total Births that were Preterm, by Gestational Age- United States, 1990 and 2005 (3/5/07)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5602a7.htm
The proportion of total births that were preterm increased from 9.7 percent in 1990 to 11.0 percent in 2005. Most of the increase was among births occurring at 34-36 weeks (i.e., late preterm), which increased from 6.8 percent to 8.1 percent.

QuickStats: Birth Rates among Females Aged 15-19 Years, by State- United States, 2004 (3/5/07)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5551a6.htm
Age of mother is a predictor of maternal and infant health risk. Pregnant teens aged 15-19 years are less likely to receive timely prenatal care and gain appropriate weight and more likely to smoke during pregnancy than pregnant women aged 20 years and older.

Participation in High School Physical Education- Ontario, Canada, 1999-2005 (2/1/07)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5603a2.htm
This report describes the results of an analysis which indicated a significant linear decrease from 1999 to 2005 in the percentage of students who were enrolled in PE. Female and older students were least likely to be enrolled in PE and to participate in vigorous physical activity during the average PE class. As in the United States, coordinated programs involving schools, communities, and policy makers are needed to provide effective PE for all youths in Ontario. During 1999-2005, male students were significantly more likely than female students to be enrolled in PE, attend PE class daily, and participate in vigorous physical activity during the average PE class.

Recommended Immunization Schedules for Persons Aged 0-18 Years- United States, 2007 (2/1/07)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5551a7.htm
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices periodically reviews the recommended immunization schedule for persons aged 0-18 years to ensure that the schedule is current with changes in vaccine formulations and reflects revised recommendations for the use of licensed vaccines, including those newly licensed.

Recent Trends in Teenage Pregnancy in the United States, 1990-2002 (1/8/07)
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/teenpreg1990-2002/teenpreg1990-2002.htm
In 2002, an estimated 757,000 pregnancies among teenagers 15-19 years resulted in 425,000 live births, 215,000 induced abortions, and 117,000 fetal losses. The overall teenage pregnancy rate was estimated at 76.4 pregnancies per 1,000 females aged 15-19 years.

Report Finds Health Risks for Children, Adolescents at Picayune Wood Treating Site- Mississippi (1/30/06)
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/NEWS/picayunems012506.html
Levels of dioxins found at the Picayune Wood Treating Site in Picayune, Miss., might pose a health concern for children and adolescents living near the site says an ATSDR report. The consultation concludes that children and adolescents living near the site might be at an increased risk for developmental and reproductive effects from exposure to dioxins in surface soils and sediments on and around the site or in residential yards and nearby creek beds. People may have been exposed to these chemicals via ingestion, direct skin contact or dust inhalation.

QuickStats: Rate of Very Low Birthweight, by Age of Mother and Multiple-Birth Status- United States, 2003 (12/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/
mm5447a9.htm
The risk of giving birth to a very low birthweight infant is higher for both younger and older mothers. Much of the added risk among older women is attributable to higher multiple birth rates. On average, infants born in multiple births are smaller than infants born in single births.

Brief Report: Imported Case of Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)- New Hampshire, 2005 (11/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/
mm5445a5.htm
This report describes a case of imported CRS diagnosed in an infant girl aged 10 weeks born in New Hampshire to Liberian refugee parents. To prevent transmission of rubella, clinicians should consider a diagnosis of CRS in infants with compatible clinical signs, particularly those born to mothers who recently immigrated from countries without rubella control programs, and rubella vaccine should be administered to susceptible persons.

Key School Strategies to Prevent Childhood Obesity (10/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/keystrategies/
The percentage of children who are overweight has more than doubled, and among adolescents the rates have more than tripled since 1980. Overweight is a risk factor for health conditions such as diabetes and is associated with problems such as poor self-esteem. The good news is that schools can help students and staff adopt healthy eating and physical activity behaviors that are the keys to preventing obesity!

Use of Dietary Supplements Containing Folic Acid among Women of Childbearing Age- United States, 2005 (10/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5438a4.htm
This report summarizes results from the 2005 March of Dimes Gallup survey, which determined a decrease in the proportion of childbearing-aged women who reported taking folic acid in dietary supplements daily,* from 40% in 2004 to 33% in 2005, returning to a level consistent with that reported during 1995-2003. These results emphasize the need for innovative programs to increase folic acid consumption to further reduce neural tube defects (NTD). Daily periconceptional consumption of 400 µg of folic acid, as recommended by the Public Health Service since 1992, reduces the occurrence of NTDs by 50%-70%.

QuickStats: Leading Causes of Neonatal and Postneonatal Deaths- United States, 2002 (10/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5438a8.htm
Substantial differences were observed in the leading causes of death during the neonatal versus postneonatal periods. Congenital malformations, although ranked first for infant mortality overall, ranks second for both neonates and postneonates. Disorders related to short gestation and low birthweight not elsewhere classified were the leading cause of neonatal death. In contrast, SIDS was the leading cause of death during the postneonatal period.

Express Your Health: Materials for Parents, Teachers, and Kids (10/3/05)
Encourage kids to develop safe and healthy habits with these fact and activity sheets.

Websites for Kids and Teens (10/3/05)
View CDC and other federal goverment websites to help teach kids about health and safety.

Children and Teens Told by Doctors that They were Overweight- United States, 1999�02 (9/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5434a3.htm
The percentage of children and teens aged 6-19 years in the United States who are overweight nearly tripled to 16% during 1980-2002. To determine what percentage of overweight children (or their parents) and teens were ever told their weight status by doctors or other health-care professionals, CDC analyzed data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which determined that 36.7% of overweight children and teens aged 2-19 years had been told by a doctor or other health-care professional that they were overweight, and teens aged 16-19 years were more likely to be told than parents of children aged 2-11 years. Among racial/ethnic populations, overweight non-Hispanic black females were significantly more likely to be told that they were overweight than non-Hispanic white females (47.4% versus 31.0%). Among those informed of overweight status, 39% of non-Hispanic black females were severely overweight (BMI >99th percentile for age and sex), compared with 17% of non-Hispanic white females.

Childhood Obesity Fact Sheets (9/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/obesity/facts.htm
These obesity fact sheets contain results from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and School Health Profiles (Profiles) related to the obesity epidemic among youth. The YRBS results describe the problem by identifying the percent of high school students who are overweight, engage in unhealthy dietary behaviors, or are physically inactive. The Profiles results describe characteristics of health education, physical education, opportunities for physical activity, and the school environment among middle/junior and senior high schools that may help address the problem.

QuickStats: Percentage of Never-Married Teens Aged 15-19 Years Who Reported Ever Having Sexual Intercourse, by Sex and by Age Group- United States, 1995 and 2002 (8/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5430a7.htm
The percentage of male teens who reported ever having sexual intercourse decreased significantly for both younger (aged 15-17 years) and older (aged 18-19 years) teens from 1995 to 2002. Among females, the percentage who reported ever having sexual intercourse declined significantly for those aged 15-17 years.

Adverse Childhood Experiences Study (7/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/NCCDPHP/ACE/
The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study is one of the largest investigations ever conducted on the links between childhood maltreatment and later-life health and well-being. As a collaboration between the CDC and Kaiser Permanente抯 Health Appraisal Clinic in San Diego, Health Maintenance Organization members undergoing a comprehensive physical examination provided detailed information about their childhood experience of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction. Over 17,000 members chose to participate. The ACE Study findings suggest that these experiences are major risk factors for the leading causes of illness and death as well as poor quality of life in the United States.

America抯 Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being 2005 (Press Release) (7/30/05)
http://childstats.gov/americaschildren/press_releases.asp#pr (Non-CDC site)
Report
http://childstats.gov/americaschildren/index.asp (Non-CDC site)
Backgrounder: Emotional and Behavioral Problems
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/FinalBackGrounderEmotional.pdf (Non-CDC site)
Backgrounder: Family Structure
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/FinalBackgrounderFamily.pdf (Non-CDC site)
America's Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2005 is a biennial report to the Nation on the condition of children in America. Nine contextual measures describe the changing population, family, and environmental context in which children are living, and 25 indicators depict the well-being of children in the areas of economic security, health, behavior and social environment, and education. In addition, the report includes a special section on family structure and the well-being of children.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Infant Mortality� United States, 1995-2002 (6/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5422a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5422.pdf
A total of 225,534 infant deaths were reported in the United States during 1995-2002. During 1995-2002, infant mortality rates declined for all racial/ethnic populations; however, the decrease for infants of American Indian/Alaska Native mothers was not statistically significant. In addition, little fluctuation was noted in the relative differences in infant mortality rates between different racial/ethnic populations. By race/ethnicity of the mother, reported death totals were as follows: non-Hispanic white, 110,982; non-Hispanic black, 65,339; Hispanic, 35,447; Asian/Pacific Islander, 7,315; American Indian/Alaska Native, 2,915.

HIV/AIDS among Youth (5/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/facts/youth.htm
Young people in the United States are at persistent risk for HIV infection. This risk is especially notable for youth of minority races and ethnicities. Continual prevention outreach and education efforts are required as new generations replace the generations that benefited from earlier prevention strategies. Unless otherwise noted, this fact sheet defines youth, or young people, as persons who are 13� years of age.

Making It Happen桽chool Nutrition Success Stories (4/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/nutrition/Making-It-Happen/
This page tells the stories of 32 schools and school districts from across the United States and illustrates a wide variety of approaches that schools have taken to improve student nutrition. The most consistent theme emerging from these case studies is that students will buy and consume healthful foods and beverages梐nd schools can make money from healthful options.

HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Adolescents L265 Slide Series (4/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/graphics/adolesnt.htm
View 11 slides about HIV/AIDS in adolescents.

Quick Facts: Perinatal HIV/AIDS Prevention, April 2003-March 2005 (4/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/prev_prog/AHP/resources/factsheets/QF_Perinatal.htm
This document includes data and information on the challenges and accomplishments of preventing perinatal HIV infection.

Tobacco Use, Access, and Exposure to Tobacco in Media among Middle and High School Students- United States, 2004 (4/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5412a1.htm
PDF (p. 297)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5412.pdf
This report summarizes data from the 2004 National Youth Tobacco Survey and describes changes in tobacco use and indicators related to tobacco use since 2002. During 2002-2004, middle school students reported decreases in pipe use, seeing actors using tobacco on television or in movies, and seeing advertisements for tobacco products on the Internet. Among high school students, no changes were observed in the use of tobacco or in access to tobacco products; however, seeing actors using tobacco on television or in movies declined slightly, and seeing advertisements for tobacco products on the Internet increased. The lack of substantial decreases in the use of almost all tobacco products among middle and high school students underscores the need to fully implement evidence-based strategies (e.g., increasing the retail price of tobacco products, implementing smoking-prevention media campaigns, and decreasing minors' access as part of comprehensive tobacco-control programs) that are effective in preventing youth tobacco use.

Hidden Problem of Child Abuse (4/30/05)
http://publicbroadcasting.net/wabe/news.newsmain?action=article&
ARTICLE_ID=740174 (Non-CDC site)
Listen to the interview between CDC'S Jim Mercy and WABE-FM抯 Ted Vigodsky. Link provided courtesy of WABE-FM.

Congenital Pulmonary Tuberculosis Associated with Maternal Cerebral Tuberculosis- Florida, 2002 (3/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5410a3.htm
PDF (p. 249)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5410.pdf
In 2002, congenital tuberculosis (TB), a rare disease with nonspecific signs and symptoms, was diagnosed in an infant in Florida. If untreated, congenital TB is fatal, which underscores the importance of suspecting congenital TB in newborns and infants who are at risk and who have unexplained febrile illnesses. This report summarizes the investigation of the case in Florida. Health-care practitioners should administer a tuberculin skin test to women who have risks for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and treat those who have latent TB infection to prevent maternal and congenital TB disease.

Secular Trends in Age at Menarche, Smoking, and Oral Contraceptive Use among Israeli Girls (3/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0063.htm
This study was designed to identify secular trends in age at menarche, at first cigarette, and at first use of oral contraceptives among a large population-based sample of young Israeli women and to assess whether these trends are associated with sociodemographic factors.

QuickStats: Prevalence of Overweight among Children and Teenagers by Age Group and Selected Period, United States, 1963-2002 (3/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5408a6.htm
Overweight among children and teenagers more than tripled between the 1960s and 2002.

Spring Break Guide to Staying Safe and Healthy (3/14/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/women/spotlights/springbreak/
Make your Spring Break memorable by having fun and helping yourself and your friends stay safe and healthy.

Child Development: Learn the Signs. Act Early. (2/28/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/actearly/
From birth to 5 years, your child should reach milestones in how he plays, learns, speaks and acts. A delay in any of these areas could be a sign of a developmental problem, even autism. The good news is, the earlier it抯 recognized the more you can do to help your child reach her full potential.

Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Children: National Health Interview Survey, 2003 (2/28/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_223.pdf
This report presents both age-adjusted and unadjusted statistics from the 2003 National Health Interview Survey on selected health measures for children under 18 years of age, classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, family structure, parent抯 education, family income, poverty status, health insurance coverage, place of residence, region, and current health status. The topics covered are asthma, allergies, learning disability, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, use of prescription medication, respondent-assessed health status, school-loss days, usual place of health care, time since last contact with a health care professional, unmet dental needs, time since last dental contact, and selected measures of health care access.

QuikStats - Pregnancy, Birth, and Abortion Rates for Teenagers Aged 15� Years- United States, 1976-2003 (2/28/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5404a6.htm
PDF (p. 100)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5404.pdf
Since 1990, pregnancy rates have declined substantially for teenagers aged 15-17 years. From 1990 to 2000, the pregnancy rate decreased 33%, from 80.3 per 1,000 females to 53.5, a record low. The birth rate declined 42%, from its peak at 38.6 in 1991 to 22.4 in 2003. The induced abortion rate peaked in 1983 at 30.7 and decreased by more than half to 14.5 by 2000.

Explaining the 2001-02 Infant Mortality Increase: Data from the Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set (Press Release) (1/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/05news/lowbirthwt.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr53/nvsr53_12.pdf
The U.S. infant mortality rate increased from 6.8 infant deaths per 1,000 live births in 2001 to 7.0 in 2002, the first increase in more than 40 years. From 2001 to 2002 infant mortality rates increased for very low birthweight infants as well as for preterm and very preterm infants. Although infant mortality rates for very low birthweight infants increased, most of the increase in the infant mortality rate from 2001 to 2002 was due to a change in the distribution of births by birthweight and, more specifically, to an increase in infants born weighing less than 750 grams.

Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule� United States, 2005 (1/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5351-Immunizationa1.htm
PDF (p. 15, QuickGuide section)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5351.pdf
The childhood and adolescent immunization schedule for 2005 is unchanged from that published in April 2004. In addition, the catch-up immunization schedule remains unchanged for children and adolescents who start late or who are >1 month behind.

Treating Opportunistic Infections among HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents (12/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5315a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5315.pdf
These guidelines are intended for clinicians and other health-care providers who care for HIV-infected adults and adolescents, including pregnant women. These guidelines complement companion guidelines for treatment of opportunistic infections (OIs) among HIV-infected children and previously published guidelines for prevention of OIs in these populations. They include evidence-based guidelines for treatment of 28 OIs caused by protozoa, bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and include information on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment recommendations, monitoring and adverse events, management of treatment failure, prevention of recurrence, and special considerations in pregnancy. Tables address drugs and doses, drug toxicities, drug interactions, adjustment of drug doses in persons with reduced renal function, and data about use of drugs in pregnant women.

Treating Opportunistic Infections among HIV-Exposed and Infected Children (12/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5314a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5314.pdf
Appendix A
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5314a2.htm
Appendix B
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5314a3.htm
Appendix C
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5314a4.htm
Because the guidelines are targeted to HIV-exposed and infected children in the United States, the opportunistic pathogens discussed are those common to U.S. children and do not include certain pathogens (e.g., Penicillium marneffei) that might be seen more frequently in resource-poor countries. The document is organized to provide information about the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment for each pathogen. Each treatment recommendation is accompanied by a rating that includes a letter and a Roman number and is similar to the rating systems used in other USPHS/IDSA guidelines.

Teenagers in the United States: Sexual Activity, Contraceptive Use, and Childbearing, 2002 (Press Release) (12/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r041210.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_23/sr23_024.pdf
Fact Sheet
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_23/sr23_024FactSheet.pdf
This report presents national estimates of sexual activity, contraceptive use, and births among males and females 15� years of age in the United States in 2002 from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Data are also presented from the 1988 and 1995 NSFGs, and from the 1988 and 1995 National Survey of Adolescent Males. In 2002, about 47 percent of female teenagers (4.6 million), and about 46 percent of male teenagers (4.7 million) had had sexual intercourse at least once. Teenagers showed increases in the use of contraceptives. About 3 out of 4 teens used a method of contraception at their first intercourse. About 91 percent of males and 83 percent of females used a method at their last (most recent) sex.

Infant Mortality Statistics from the 2002 Period Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set (11/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/04facts/infant.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr53/nvsr53_10.pdf
A new report confirms that the 2002 infant mortality rate in the United States increased to 7.0 from the record low in 2001 of 6.8 per 1,000 live births. Overall, 27,970 infants died in the first year of life in 2002, compared with 27,523 in 2001. The three leading causes of infant death were congenital malformations, low birthweight, and sudden infant death syndrome, which together accounted for 45 percent of all infant deaths. Infant mortality rates were higher for infants whose mothers had no prenatal care, were teenagers, had less education, or were unmarried. Between 2001 and 2002 the infant mortality rate among mothers who smoked during pregnancy increased by 6 percent. In 2002 the rate among smokers was 68 percent higher than for mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy.

Introduction of Routine HIV Testing in Prenatal Care- Botswana, 2004 (11/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5346a2.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5346.pdf
To assess the early impact of routine testing on HIV-test acceptance and rates of return for care, the CDC Global AIDS Program and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV program in Botswana evaluated routine prenatal HIV testing at four clinics in Francistown, the second largest city in Botswana, where HIV prevalence has been >40% since 1995. This report describes the results of that assessment, which indicated that, during February-April 2004, the first 3 months of routine testing, 314 (90.5%) of 347 pregnant women were tested for HIV, compared with 381 (75.3%) of 506 women during October 2003-January 2004, the last 4 months of the opt-in testing period. However, many women who were tested never learned their HIV status because of logistical problems or not returning to the clinic.

Births to 10� Year-Old Mothers, 1990�02: Trends and Health Outcomes (Press Release) (11/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r041115.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr53/nvsr53_07.pdf
This report presents the number and rate of U.S. births for 10� year olds, for 1990�02 by race and Hispanic origin and by State. Pregnancy risk factors and outcomes by selected maternal and infant characteristics are shown. In 2002, 7,315 females aged 10� years delivered a live birth in 2002. The rate of births to 10� year olds was 0.7 per 1,000 in 2002, half of the rate during 1989�. Large declines in young teenage childbearing were seen among all racial and ethnic subgroups, as well as almost all States. These young mothers were least likely to receive timely prenatal care compared with mothers of older age groups. Compared with infants of mothers aged 20� years, infants of the youngest mothers experienced almost twice the rates of preterm delivery (21.3 percent) and low birthweight (12.6 percent).

Improving the Health of Adolescents and Young Adults: A Guide for States and Communities (11/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/NationalInitiative/guide.htm
This publication is designed to help guide state and local agencies and organizations through processes including community coalition-building, needs and assets assessment, priority-setting, and program planning, implementation and evaluation.

Effect of Revised Population Counts on County-Level Hispanic Teen Birthrates- United States, 1999 (10/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5340a5.htm
PDF (p. 946)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5340.pdf
CDC analyzed county-level estimates of Hispanic teen birthrates for 1999. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that Hispanic teen birthrates for 1999, when calculated on the basis of the 2000 census, were lower than birthrates based on the 1990 census for the majority of counties with substantial Hispanic populations.

HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Adolescents Slide Set (9/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/graphics/adolesnt.htm
This slide set includes: AIDS in 13-19 year olds by sex and year of report, AIDS in 20-24 year olds by sex and year of report, proportion of AIDS cases/HIV infection among adults and adolescents by sex and age, estimated AIDS cases among male/female adolescents and young adults by exposure category, proportion of AIDS cases/HIV infection in 13-19 year olds by race/ethnicity, and adolescents 13-19 years of age living with HIV infection or with AIDS.

Can Changes in Sexual Behaviors Among High School Students Explain the Decline in Teen Pregnancy Rates in the 1990s? (8/30/04)
Journal of Adolescent Health
http://download.journals.elsevierhealth.com/pdfs/journals/1054-139X/PIIS1054139X0400134X.pdf (Non-CDC site)
This recent article published in the Journal of Adolescent Health explores the national decline in teen pregnancy and birth rates. Overall, 53% of the decline in pregnancy rates can be attributed to decreased sexual experience and 47% to improved contraceptive use. These data suggest that both delayed initiation of sexual intercourse and improved contraceptive practice contributed equally to declines in pregnancy rates among high school-aged teens during the 1990s. Journal of Adolescent Health 2004 Aug;35(2):80�.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Neonatal Mortality- United States, 1989-2001 (7/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5329a2.htm
PDF (p. 655)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5329.pdf
This report summarizes the results of an analysis of linked birth/infant death data sets for 1989-1991 and 1995-2001, which indicated that 1) extremely preterm infants (i.e., born at <28 weeks' gestation) accounted for 49%-58% of neonatal deaths during 1989-2001 and 2) racial/ethnic disparities persisted despite neonatal mortality rate declines among infants of all gestational ages. Implementation of new therapies and recommendations (surfactant therapy, folic acid consumption by women of childbearing age, and intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis for women with or at risk for maternal-infant transmission of group B streptococcal infection) likely contributed to the decline; however, the effects of these advances might differ within racial/ethnic populations.

Violence-Related Behaviors Among High School Students- United States, 1991-2003 (7/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5329a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5329.pdf
This report summarizes the results of an analysis rom the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which indicated that most violence-related behaviors decreased during 1991-2003; however, students increasingly were likely to miss school because they felt too unsafe to attend. Not going to school because of safety concerns increased significantly among female, white, and 11th-grade students. No significant changes were detected during 1993-2003 among male, black, Hispanic, 9th/10th-, and 12th-grade students.

Diminishing Racial Disparities in Early-Onset Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Disease- United States, 2000-2003 (6/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5323a2.htm
PDF (p. 502)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5323.pdf
In 2002, CDC and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists revised guidelines for prevention of early-onset GBS disease to recommend late prenatal screening of all pregnant women and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for GBS carriers. This report updates early-onset incidence trends since 1999 and indicates that 1) after a plateau in early-onset disease incidence during 1999-2002, rates declined 34% in 2003 and 2) although racial disparities in incidence persist, rates for blacks now approach the 2010 national health objective of 0.5 cases per 1,000 live births. Continued implementation of screening and prophylaxis guidelines by clinicians and public health practitioners should lead to further declines in racial disparities.

Racial/Ethnic Trends in Fetal Mortality - United States, 1990�00 (6/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5324a4.htm
PDF (p. 529)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5324.pdf
Fetal deaths at >20 weeks gestation account for 49% of all deaths that occur between the 20th week of pregnancy and the first year of life. CDC analyzed 1990-2000 data from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) and found substantial reductions in fetal deaths, primarily because of reductions in late fetal deaths (>28 weeks' gestation) compared with early fetal deaths (20-27 weeks' gestation). Despite these reductions, racial/ethnic disparities in fetal deaths persist, particularly among non-Hispanic blacks.

Using Focus Groups to Develop a Bone Health Curriculum for After-School Programs (6/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2004/jul/04_0001.htm
This paper describes the design of a curriculum to promote bone health based on data obtained from focus group research to identify motivating factors, preferences, and barriers to change among children, parents, and after-school program leaders.

Powerful Bones. Powerful Girls. Web site for Parents (5/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/powerfulbones/parents/
A new Web site for parents with resources and creative ways to help your daughters make healthy choices that build and maintain strong bones.

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance- United States, 2003 (5/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5302a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss5302.pdf
Press Release
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r040520b.htm
Summary Report
http://www.cdc.gov/women/owh/kids/yrbs03.pdf
The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults. These behaviors contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors (that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection); unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity, plus overweight. The YRBSS includes a national school-based survey conducted by CDC as well as state, territorial, and local school-based surveys conducted by education and health agencies.

The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults - behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus infection; unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity - plus overweight. Overall, the prevalence of having been forced to have sexual intercourse was higher among female (11.9%) than male (6.1%) students. Overall, the prevalence of having felt sad or hopeless almost every day for >2 weeks was higher among female (35.5%) than male (21.9%) students. Overall, the prevalence of having considered attempting suicide was higher among female (21.3%) than male (12.8%) students. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 32 state surveys, and 18 local surveys conducted among students in grades 9-12 during February-December 2003.

Safe and Healthy Kids (5/10/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/women/spotlights/kids/
Healthy kids become healthy adults. Take steps to keep your kids safe and healthy.

Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule- United States, January-June 2004 (4/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5301-Immunizationa1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm5316-Immunization.pdf
Each year, CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) reviews the recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedule to ensure that it is current with changes in manufacturers' vaccine formulations and reflects revised recommendations for the use of licensed vaccines, including those newly licensed. The recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedule for January-June 2004, recommendations, and format have been approved by ACIP, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the American Academy of Pediatrics.

National Campaign to Get Kids Physically Active is Working (Press Release) (2/27/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r040217.htm
VERB Campaign
http://www.cdc.gov/youthcampaign/
Survey results indicate that physical activity among youth aged 9-13 is increasing as a result of the multicultural media campaign VERBTM. VERBTM had one of the largest effects, a 34 percent increase, in weekly free-time physical activity sessions among 8.6 million children ages 9-10 in the United States. The survey also showed that the VERBTM campaign was especially effective in shrinking the gap in physical activity levels between boys and girls. There was a 27 percent increase in free-time physical activity sessions among U.S. girls in the entire 9-13 age range.

Supplemental Analyses of Recent Trends in Infant Mortality (2/11/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/infantmort/
infantmort.htm
Preliminary data for 2002 indicate an increase in the infant mortality rate (IMR) to 7.0 deaths per 1,000 live births from 6.8 in 2001. The rise in the IMR is concentrated in the neonatal period (0-27 days), particularly in the early neonatal period (0-6 days). When examined by cause of infant death, 3 causes among the 10 leading causes of infant death appear to account for most of the current year increase: Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities; Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified; and Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy. Potential explanatory factors for the changes in the infant mortality rate are discussed.

Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Children: National Health Interview Survey, 2001 (12/17/03)
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_216.pdf
This report presents health statistics from the 2001 National Health Interview Survey on selected health measures for children under 18 years of age, classified by sex, age, race and Hispanic origin, family structure, parent抯 education, family income, poverty status, health insurance coverage, residence, region, and health status. The topics covered are asthma, allergies, learning disability, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), prescription medication, respondent-assessed health status, school-loss days, usual place of health care, time since last contact with a health care professional, unmet dental need, time since last dental contact, and selected measures of health care access.

Got a Minute? Give It to Your Kid Parenting Kit (12/17/03)
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/parenting/
The Got a Minute? campaign is aimed at less-involved parents梩hat is, parents who do not currently spend a lot of time with their children. The ads, presentation, and brochure are designed to give those parents what CDC's research shows they need most梥pecific ways to spend time and connect with their children. These parents know connecting is important, but sometimes they have trouble making it happen.

Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students- United States, 2002 (11/18/03)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5245a2.htm
PDF (p. 1096)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5245.pdf
This report summarizes tobacco use prevalence estimates from the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey and describes changes in prevalence since 2000. Both tobacco use and cigarette smoking among students in high school decreased by approximately 18% during 2000-2002; however, a decrease among students in middle school was not statistically significant. Cigarettes (22.9%) were the most commonly used product, with no difference by sex. Cigars (11.6%) were the second most common tobacco product, followed by smokeless tobacco (6.1%), pipes (3.2%), kreteks (2.7%), and bidis (2.6%). Males were more likely than females to use all tobacco products except for cigarettes. Preventing tobacco use among youth is essential to reduce future smoking-related illness and associated costs. In 2003, states cut spending for tobacco use prevention and control programs by $86.2 million.

Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use Among High School Students in Bureau of Indian Affairs-Funded Schools- United States, 2001 (11/10/03)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5244a3.htm
PDF (p. 1070)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5244.pdf
The findings indicate that a substantial number of these students engage in behaviors that put them at risk for premature death and disability. Among current smokers, more than two thirds reported attempting to quit smoking during the 12 months preceding the survey, with more females than males reporting a quit attempt. More males than females reported current smokeless tobacco and cigar use. Current alcohol use and episodic heavy drinking were more common among males than females.

First Reports Evaluating the Effectiveness of Strategies for Preventing Violence: Early Childhood Home Visitation and Firearms Laws; Findings from the Task Force on Community Preventive Services
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5214a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5214.pdf
Press Release
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r031002.htm
Telebriefing
http://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/t031002.htm
The Task Force conducted a systematic review of scientific evidence concerning the effectiveness of early childhood home visitation for preventing several forms of violence: violence by the visited child against self or others; violence against the child (i.e., maltreatment [abuse or neglect]); other violence by the visited parent; and intimate partner violence. On the basis of strong evidence of effectiveness, the Task Force recommends early childhood home visitation for the prevention of child abuse and neglect.

Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Children: National Health Interview Survey, 2000
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_213.pdf
This report presents statistics from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey on selected health measures for children under 18 years of age, classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, family structure, parent抯 education, family income, poverty status, health insurance coverage, residence, region, and health status. The topics covered are asthma, allergies, learning disability, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), prescription medication, respondent-assessed health status, school-loss days, usual place of health care, time since last contact with a health care professional, unmet dental need, time since last dental contact, and selected measures of health care access.

Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance, 2001
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/pdf/2001_ped_nutrition_report.pdf
The Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System is a child-based public health surveillance system that monitors the nutritional status of low income children in federally funded maternal and child health programs. Data on birthweight, short stature, underweight, overweight, anemia, and breastfeeding are collected for children who attend public health clinics for routine care, nutrition education, and supplemental food.

Monitoring Child Neglect: Meeting Report (Summary)
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/neglect_meeting.pdf
Child Maltreatment Fact Sheet
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/cmfacts.htm
In 2002, two groups with different perspectives about child neglect met to discuss measurement issues related to public health surveillance of this complex problem. Highlights from each of the presentations and discussions are provided in this summary. The meeting began with an overview of the public health approach to surveillance and brief descriptions of pilot state surveillance programs. This was followed by discussion of the following topics: the ideal, what we'd like to know; limitations and obstacles; uses of child neglect surveillance data; and next steps. Female children account for slightly more than half of child maltreatment victims. In 2000, 60% of child maltreatment perpetrators were women.

Infant Mortality Statistics from the 2001 Period Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set (Fact Sheet)
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/03facts/lowinfant.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr52/nvsr52_02.pdf
A new report from CDC shows that the 2001 infant mortality rate in the United States reached a record low of 6.8 per 1,000 live births. Overall, about 27,500 infants died in the first year of life in 2001, compared with 27,960 in 2000. The three leading causes of infant death were congenital malformations, low birthweight, and sudden infant death syndrome, which together accounted for 44 percent of all infant deaths.

Increasing Infant Mortality Among Very Low Birthweight Infants - Delaware, 1994-2000
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5236a3.htm
PDF (p. 862)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5236.pdf
To understand the cause of the increase in the infant mortality rate (IMR), the Delaware Division of Public Health and CDC analyzed Delaware birth and death data. This report summarizes the results of the investigation, which attributed the Delaware IMR increase primarily to increased mortality among very low birthweight infants born to older, married, suburban mothers who were insured privately and who received early prenatal care.

Injury Mortality Among American Indian and Alaska Native Children and Youth - United States, 1989-1998
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5230a2.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5230.pdf
This report summarizes the results of injury mortality analyses, which indicate that although death rates for some causes (e.g. drowning and fire) have shown substantial improvement over time, rates for other causes have increased or remained unchanged (e.g., homicide and suicide, respectively). During 1989-1998, injuries and violence were associated with 3,314 deaths among AI/ANs aged <19 years residing in IHS areas. Motor-vehicle crashes were the leading cause of injury-related death, followed by suicide, homicide, drowning, and fires. Death rates for all causes were higher among AI/AN males than females; however, the difference was smaller for fire-related deaths. During 1989-1998, injury death rates declined for AI/ANs from all motor-vehicle crashes (14%), drownings (34%), and fires (49%), and for pedestrians (56%); rates increased for firearm-related death (13%) and homicide (20%) and remained unchanged for suicide. Prevention strategies should focus on the leading causes of injury-related death in each AI/AN community, such as motor-vehicle crashes, suicides, and violence.

Preventing Teen Worker Deaths, Injuries
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-128/2003-128.htm
An average of 67 workers under age 18 died from work-related injuries each year during 1992�00. In 1998, an estimated 77,000 required treatment in hospital emergency rooms. This Alert summarizes available information about work-related injuries among young workers, identifies work that is especially hazardous, and offers recommendations for prevention.

Global Youth Tobacco Survey Show No Gender Difference in Cigarette Smoking (Press Release)
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r030807.htm
CDC Tobacco Web Site
http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/gis/osh/
A new report released today at the World Conference on Tobacco or Health shows that little difference exists between the genders in cigarette smoking among youth. Results also show that girls and boys are using non-cigarette tobacco products such as spit tobacco, bidis, and water pipes at similar rates, and that these rates are often as high or higher than youth cigarette smoking rates. These findings suggest that projections of future tobacco-related deaths worldwide might be underestimated because they are based on current patterns of tobacco use among adults, where females are only about one-fourth as likely as men to smoke cigarettes. In the new study of young people ages 13 to 15, no gender difference was found in over half of the sites surveyed for cigarette smoking (61 of 120) and in over 70 percent of the sites surveyed for other tobacco product use (82 of 117).

Physical Activity Levels Among Children Aged 9-13 Years - United States, 2002
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5233a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5233.pdf
This report presents data from the Youth Media Campaign Longitudinal Survey, a nationally representative survey, which indicate that 61.5% of children aged 9-13 years do not participate in any organized physical activity during their nonschool hours and that 22.6% do not engage in any free-time physical activity. Regardless of race/ethnicity, age, and sex, the three organized physical activities engaged in most often by children aged 9-13 years were baseball/softball, soccer, and basketball. Among children aged 9-11 years, dance was among the three activities mentioned most often by non-Hispanic black and white girls. Baseball/softball was mentioned most often by non-Hispanic white girls and boys aged 12-13. Concerns about neighborhood safety were reported more frequently for girls (17.6%) than for boys (14.6%). The survey findings demonstrate a need to address common barriers to participation in organized physical activities among children, especially members of certain racial/ethnic populations.

Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Children: National Health Interview Survey, 1999
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_210.pdf
Estimates are presented here for asthma, allergies, learning disability, attention deficit disorder, use of medication, respondent-assessed health status, school-loss days, usual place of medical care, time since last contact with a health care professional, selected health care risk factors, and time since last dental contact. Selected highlights: Children from single mother families (14%) were more likely to have ever been diagnosed with asthma than children from two-parent families (10%). Children living in two-parent families were more likely to be in excellent health (60%) than children living in single mother families (46%) or children living in single father families (50%).

Powerful Bones. Powerful Girls
http://www.cdc.gov/powerfulbones/
This updated web site includes a new Super Sleuth game which helps participants find bone-healthy items in a scavenger hunt, and a new Powerful Bones Journal with information on foods with calcium and weight-bearing physical activities. The Journal also has space to write names, addresses, and important dates.

Crucial Role of Mothers in Children's Health (Press Release)
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r030505.htm
What a woman does before, during and after pregnancy can significantly affect the health of her children. That is the focus of a special Mother抯 Day supplement of Pediatrics sponsored by the CDC, "Maternal Influences on Child Health: Pre-conception, Prenatal and Early Childhood.� The original scientific research reported in this issue provides data to support and clarify many of the current recommendations such as the use of folic acid to reduce birth defects and maintaining a healthy weight during pregnancy. It also reveals progress and challenges in reaching national goals for promotion of healthy mother-child relationships, including breastfeeding and child vaccinations.

Fact Sheets on six of the articles (PDF documents):

• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in School-aged Children: Association with Maternal Mental Health and Use of Health Care Resources
  http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/factsheets/pediatrics/Pediatrics_ADHD.pdf
• Maternal Obesity and Risk for Birth Defects
  http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/factsheets/pediatrics/
  Pediatrics_maternal_obesity.pdf
• Sharing Medication Among Teenage Girls: Potential Danger to Unplanned/Undiagnosed Pregnancies
  http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/factsheets/pediatrics/
  Pediatrics_Meds_sharing.pdf
• Reducing the Risk of Alcohol-exposed Pregnancies: A Study of Motivational Counseling in Community Settings
  http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/factsheets/pediatrics/
  Pediatrics_Project_CHOICES.pdf
• Fertility Treatments and Craniosynostosis, California, Georgia, and Iowa, 1993-1997
  http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/factsheets/pediatrics/
  Pediatrics_fertilitycraniosyn.pdf
• Do Multivitamin Supplements Reduce the Risk for Diabetes-Associated Birth Defects?
  http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/factsheets/pediatrics/
  Pediatrics_Diabetesvitamin.pdf

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Surveillance Slide Set
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/graphics/pediatri.htm
This set includes 12 slides, including information on the following: mother's exposure category, reported AIDS in children, perinatally acquired AIDS cases, Zivoduvine use for HIV-infected pregnant women or perinatally exposed or infected children, AIDS cases in children, perinatally acquired AIDS cases, children living with HIV infection or AIDS, AIDS-defining conditions, and AIDS rates for children by race/ethnicity.

Pregnancy in Perinatally HIV-Infected Adolescents and Young Adults, Puerto Rico, 2002
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5208a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5208.pdf
Erratum
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5209a6.htm
The number of perinatally HIV-infected females in the United States who are becoming both sexually active and pregnant is increasing. During August 1998-May 2002, a total of 10 pregnancies were identified among eight perinatally HIV-infected adolescents and young adults in Puerto Rico; in April 2002, the Puerto Rico Department of Health asked CDC to assist in assessing such pregnancies. This report describes these pregnancies and discusses factors associated with sexual activity and pregnancy. The findings suggest that increasing numbers of pregnancies will occur among perinatally HIV-infected adolescents and young adults and that appropriately tailored reproductive health interventions should be developed.

Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Children, NHIS, 1998
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_208.pdf
This report presents statistics from the 1998 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) on selected health measures for children under 18 years of age, classified by sex, age, race/ ethnicity, family structure, parent's education, family income, poverty status, health insurance coverage, place of residence, region, and current health status. The topics covered are asthma, allergies, learning disabilities, Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), use of medication, respondent-assessed health status, school-loss days, usual place of medical care, time since last contact with a health care professional, selected health care risk factors, and time since last dental contact. In 1998 most U.S. children under 18 years of age enjoyed excellent or very good health (84 percent). However, 12 percent of children had no health insurance coverage, and 6 percent of children had no usual place of medical care. An estimated 8 percent of children 3-17 years of age had a learning disability, and an estimated 6 percent of children had ADD. Lastly, 11 percent of children in single- mother families had two or more visits to an emergency room in the past year compared with 6 percent of children in single-father families.

HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Adolescents Slide Set
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/graphics/adolesnt.htm
This slide set includes: AIDS in 13- to 19-Year-Olds, by Sex and Year of Report; AIDS in 20- to 24-Year-Olds, by Sex and Year of Report; AIDS in Adolescents and Adults, by Sex and Age at Diagnosis; Reported HIV in Adolescents and Adults, by Sex and Age at Diagnosis; AIDS Cases in Male Adolescents and Young Adults, by Exposure Category; AIDS Cases in Female Adolescents and Young Adults, by Exposure Category; AIDS Cases in 13- to 19-Year-Olds, by Race/Ethnicity; HIV Infection and AIDS in 13- to 19-Year-Olds; and Adolescents 13-19 Years of Age Living with HIV Infection and AIDS.

Trends in Sexual Risk Behaviors Among High School Students - United States, 1991-2001
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5138a2.htm
PDF (p. 856)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5138.pdf
Press Release
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r020927.htm
This report summarizes the results of the analysis of six national Youth Risk Behavior surveys (YRBS), which indicate that, during 1991-2001, the percentage of U.S. high school students who ever had sexual intercourse and the percentage who had multiple sex partners decreased. Among students who are currently sexually active, the prevalence of condom use increased, although it has leveled off since 1999. However, the percentage of these students who used alcohol or drugs before last sexual intercourse increased. During 1991-2001, the prevalence of sexual experience decreased 16 percent among high school students. Logistic regression analysis indicated a significant linear decrease overall and among female, male, 10th-grade, 11th-grade, 12th-grade, black, and white students. During 1991-2001, the prevalence of multiple sex partners decreased 24 percent.

Infant Mortality and Low Birth Weight Among Black and White Infants - United States, 1980-2000
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5127a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5127.pdf
Fact Sheet
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/fs020712.htm
This report describes trends in mortality and birth weight among black and white infants, which indicate persistent black-white disparities and underscore the need for prevention strategies that reduce preterm delivery and specific medical conditions that lead to infant death. The findings of this report indicate that although infant mortality has decreased among all races during the past two decades, the overall black-white gap for infant mortality has widened.

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance - United States, 2001
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5104a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss5104.pdf
Press Release
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r020627.htm
Fact Sheet
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/fs020627.htm
Telebriefing
http://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/t020627.htm
Additional Info
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dash/yrbs/info_results.htm
In the United States, approximately three fourths of all deaths among persons aged 10-24 years result from only four causes: motor-vehicle crashes, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Several findings from the survey: Female students (10.3 percent) were significantly more likely than male students (5.1 percent) to have been forced to have sexual intercourse. Overall, female students (34.5 percent) were significantly more likely than male students (21.6 percent) to have felt sad or hopeless almost every day for >2 weeks. Female students (23.6 percent) were significantly more likely than male students (14.2 percent) to have considered attempting suicide. Female students (17.7 percent) were significantly more likely than male students (11.8 percent) to have made a suicide plan. Female students (11.2 percent) were significantly more likely than male students (6.2 percent) to have attempted suicide. Female students (21.1 percent) were significantly more likely than male students (14.9 percent) to report birth control pill use. Female students (68.4 percent) were significantly more likely than male students (51 percent) to have exercised to lose weight or to avoid gaining weight.

Summary Statistics from the National Survey of Early Childhood Health, 2000
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_15/sr15_003.pdf
This report presents statistics from the 2000 National Survey of Early Childhood Health (NSECH) on selected measures for children 4-35 months of age. The topics covered include usual source of care, parental perceptions of pediatric care, interactions with health care providers, family activities, home safety, parental and child health, financial welfare, and barriers to care. Some Findings: The proportion of children 4-35 months of age for whom breastfeeding was ever initiated is higher (79%) among those children whose mothers had greater than a high school education than among those children whose mothers were high school graduates (60% of these young children) or had less than a high school education (52%). About 32% of children in households where the mother is Hispanic go to community health centers or public clinics for care, compared with about 12% of children in households where the mother is white non-Hispanic. Approximately 55% of children 4-35 months of age have mothers who are employed either part-time or full-time. Forty-six percent of children 4-35 months of age have mothers who received post high school education. Thirty-four percent of these young children have mothers who are high school graduates only and 21% have mothers with less than a high school education. Most children 4-35 months of age (69%) have mothers who are married. Twenty-two percent of these young children have mothers who have never been married while about 9% have mothers who are divorced or separated. The NSECH is a random-digit-dial telephone survey of a national sample of young children 4-35 months of age.

Teenage Births in the United States: State Trends, 1991-2000, an Update (Fact Sheet)
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/02facts/teenbirths.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr50/nvsr50_09.pdf
This report provides State-specific birth rates for teenagers for 1991 and 2000, and the percent change between the time periods. Birth rates for teenagers 15-19 years declined significantly in all States, the Virgin Islands and Guam, between 1991 and 2000. Declines by State ranged from 12 to 39 percent. Rates also fell significantly for teenage subgroups 15-17 and 18-19 years. Teenage birth rates vary substantially by State. In 2000 rates for teenagers 15-19 ranged from 23.4 per 1,000 in New Hampshire to 72.0 in Mississippi. Although not directly comparable, because it is a city, the highest rate was for the District of Columbia, 80.7.

Infant Mortality Statistics from the 2000 Period Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set (Fact Sheet)
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/02facts/infantmort.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr50/nvsr50_12.pdf
A new CDC report shows that the 2000 infant mortality rates ranged from 3.5 per 1,000 live births for Chinese mothers to 13.5 for black mothers. Infant mortality rates were higher for infants whose mothers had no prenatal care, were teenagers, had less education, were unmarried or smoked during pregnancy. Among Hispanics, rates ranged from 4.5 for Cuban mothers to 8.2 for Puerto Rican mothers. The three leading causes of infant death梒ongenital malformations, low birthweight, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)梩aken together accounted for 45 percent of all infant deaths in the United States in 2000. Cause-specific mortality rates varied considerably by race and Hispanic origin. For infants of black mothers, the infant mortality rate for low birthweight was nearly four times that for white mothers. For infants of black and American Indian mothers, the SIDS rates were 2.4 and 2.3 times that for non-Hispanic white mothers.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Infant Mortality Rates - 60 Largest U.S. Cities, 1995-1998
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5115a4.htm
PDF (p. 329)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5115.pdf
This report highlights the wide disparities in the most recent overall race- and ethnicity-specific infant mortality rates (IMRs) for the largest U.S. cities and describes key differences among those cities. Cities with the highest IMRs tended to have a larger proportion of black births (median: 57.1%, range: 36.8%-82.4%) and a smaller proportion of Hispanic births (median: 4.7%, range: 0.9%-33.5%). Conversely, cities with the lowest IMRs tended to have a smaller proportion of black births (median: 4.2%, range: 0.7%-25.0%) and a larger proportion of Hispanic births (median: 42.7%, range: 7.1%-86.0%). Highest-quartile cities had more very low- and moderately low-birthweight infants, more births to teenage mothers, more late or absent prenatal care, and more racial segregation. Cities with higher IMRs were more commonly in the Midwest, Southeast, and Northeast, and those with lower IMRs were clustered in the Pacific West and West Central regions. The findings demonstrate the need to decrease infant mortality among blacks in U.S. cities.

Guidelines for Using Antiretroviral Agents Among HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents: Recommendations of the Panel on Clinical Practices for Treatment of HIV
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5107a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5107.pdf
This report, which updates the 1998 guidelines, addresses 1) using testing for plasma HIV ribonucleic acid levels (i.e., viral load) and CD4+ T cell count; 2) using testing for antiretroviral drug resistance; 3) considerations for when to initiate therapy; 4) adherence to antiretroviral therapy; 5) considerations for therapy among patients with advanced disease; 6) therapy-related adverse events; 7) interruption of therapy; 8) considerations for changing therapy and available therapeutic options; 9) treatment for acute HIV infection; 10) considerations for antiretroviral therapy among adolescents; 11) considerations for antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women; and 12) concerns related to transmission of HIV to others.

Trends in Cigarette Smoking Among High School Students - United States, 1991-2001
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5119a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5119.pdf
Telebriefing
http://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/t020516.htm
To examine changes in cigarette smoking among U.S. high school students during 1991-2001, CDC analyzed data from the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). This report summarizes the results of the analysis, which found that although cigarette smoking rates increased during most of the 1990s, they have declined significantly since 1997. Significant linear and quadratic trends were detected for lifetime, current, and current frequent smoking. Among female students, a significant quadratic trend was detected, indicating that the prevalence of current smoking peaked during 1997-1999 and then declined significantly by 2001. Similarly, among white female, black male, Hispanic, Hispanic female, Hispanic male, and 9th- and 11th-grade students, current smoking prevalence peaked by 1999 and then declined significantly by 2001. A positive linear trend was detected among black female students, indicating that the prevalence of current smoking among this subgroup increased significantly throughout the decade. Current smoking was significantly more likely to be reported by white and Hispanic female students than by black female students, by white and Hispanic male students than by black male students, and by 12th-grade students than by 9th- and 10th-grade students. Despite the declines in cigarette smoking rates among high school students, 28.5% of high school students are current smokers, and 13.8% are current frequent smokers. Many high school students already are nicotine dependent.

Births to Teenagers in the United States, 1940-2000 (Fact Sheet)
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/01facts/teenbirths.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr49/nvsr49_10.pdf
This report tracks teen birth rates for more than half a century. It also includes the latest analysis of data by State and shows that rates declined significantly in all States over the past decade, with declines of 11 to 36 percent reported. The 2000 rate (49 births per 1,000 women 15-19) is about half the peak rate recorded in 1957.

Safe Jobs for Youth
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/princltr.html
In 1999, 72 youths under age 18 died from work-related injuries. In 1998, 77,000 youths sustained injuries serious enough to require treatment in an emergency room. Research suggests that inexperience, inadequate training, and the failure of adults to prevent youths from performing dangerous jobs are factors associated with these injuries. You can help eliminate work-related threats to young workers.

Sexual Activity & Contraceptive Practices Among Teenagers in the U.S., 1988 & 1995
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_23/sr23_021.pdf
This report presents national estimates of sexual experience, contraceptive use, and selected aspects of sexual behavior among never-married males and females aged 15-19 years in the United States. Data are presented for the years 1988 and 1995 according to age, race and Hispanic origin, progress in school, and other relevant characteristics. Tables present trends over time as well as comparisons between subgroups. Data for females are from the National Survey of Family Growth, and data for males are from the National Survey of Adolescent Males.

Clinical Growth Charts
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nhanes/growthcharts/clinical_charts.htm
Any versions of the clinical stature-for-age, length-for-age, or the clinical growth charts for stature-for-age charts that were downloaded from this site between October 16, 2000, and November 21, 2000, should be deleted and replaced with the revised and corrected versions.

Youth Smoking, Health, and Performance
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/research_data/youth/ythsprt.htm
Among young people, the short-term health effects of smoking include damage to the respiratory system, addiction to nicotine, and the associated risk of other drug use. Long-term health consequences of youth smoking are reinforced by the fact that most young people who smoke regularly continue to smoke throughout adulthood. Learn more.

Child and Adolescent Health: Women抯 Health Topics A-Z
http://www.cdc.gov/women/az/child.htm
View women抯 health resources related to child and adolescent health.

ABCs of Raising Kids: Steps to Staying Safe and Healthy
http://www.cdc.gov/women/spotlights/kids/abc.htm
Learn steps you can take to keep your kids safe and healthy.

Autumn Tips to Help Keep Your Kids Safe and Healthy
Find out what you can do to help keep your kids safe and healthy in the autumn and all year long.

College Health and Safety
Learn more about how to stay safe and healthy in college.

Express Your Health: Materials for Parents, Teachers, and Kids
Encourage kids to develop safe and healthy habits with these fact and activity sheets.

Family Health
Learn more about how to keep you and your family safe and healthy.

Safe and Healthy Kids
http://www.cdc.gov/women/spotlights/kids/
View a variety of resources on raising safe and health kids.

Spring Break Guide to Staying Safe and Healthy
http://www.cdc.gov/women/spotlights/springbreak/
Make your spring break memorable by having fun and helping yourself and your friends stay safe and healthy.

Test Your Knowledge about Kid抯 Health
http://www.cdc.gov/women/spotlights/kids/test.htm
Test your knowledge about kid抯 health.

Tips for Raising Healthy Kids
http://www.cdc.gov/women/spotlights/kids/tips.htm
Learn tips for raising safe and healthy kids.

Today抯 Fashion: What抯 揑n� for a Healthy Style
http://www.cdc.gov/women/spotlights/kids/fashion.htm
Fashion comes and goes, but real healthy style comes from knowing how to protect your body during the spring and summer. This site includes tips for beating the heat, not getting bitten or burned, preventing injury, and in general, protecting your health. These tips will last more than a season.

Websites for Kids and Teens
http://www.cdc.gov/women/owh/links.htm
View CDC and other federal goverment websites to help teach kids about health and safety.

Are You a Working Teen? What You Should Know about Safety and Health on the Job
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/adoldoc.html
Teens are often injured on the job due to unsafe equipment, stressful conditions, and speed-up. Also teens may not receive adequate safety training and supervision. As a teen, you are much more likely to be injured when working on jobs that you are not allowed to do by law. Learn more.

BAM: Body and Mind Web Site
http://www.bam.gov/
This web site gives 9-13-year-old kids the information they need to make healthy lifestyle choices.

Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/
Learn more about birth defects and developmental disabilities.

Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities: Kids Quest on Disability and Health
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/kids/
These quests are designed to get kids in 4th, 5th, and 6th grades to think about people with disabilities and some of the issues related to daily activities, health, and accessibility.

Bone Health: National Bone Health Campaign: Powerful Bones, Powerful Girls.�/a>
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/bonehealth/campaign.htm
The National Bone Health Campaign uses a social marketing approach to promote optimal bone health among girls 9� years of age in an effort to reduce their risk of osteoporosis later in life.

Bone Health: Powerful Bones, Powerful Girls
http://www.cdc.gov/powerfulbones/
Learn more about how to take care of your bones.

Powerful Bones, Powerful Girls. Web Site for Parents
http://www.cdc.gov/powerfulbones/parents/
The site has useful information on how to help your daughter develop lifelong bone-healthy habits. For a healthier future, your daughter's bones need your support now.

Breast Feeding Topics
http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/
Learn more about breast feeding.

Child Development
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/child/default.htm
The early years of a child's life are crucial for cognitive, social and emotional development. Therefore, it is important that we take every step necessary to ensure that children grow up in environments where their social, emotional and educational needs are met. Learn more.

Child Development: Learn the Signs. Act Early.
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/actearly/
Do you know all the ways you should measure your child抯 growth? We naturally think of height and weight, but from birth to 5 years, your child should reach milestones in how he plays, learns, speaks and acts. A delay in any of these areas could be a sign of a developmental problem, even autism. The good news is, the earlier it抯 recognized the more you can do to help your child reach her full potential.

Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/recs/schedules/child-schedule.htm
Learn what immunizations your child should get and when.

Diabetes: Resources for Children and Teens
http://www.ndep.nih.gov/diabetes/youth/youth.htm (Non-CDC site)
View diabetes resources for children, teens, and teachers.

Diabetes: The Eagle抯 Nest
http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/eagle/
The Eagle’s Nest is a safe (online) place to visit where kids can learn more about living healthy and diabetes. It is for those who may have diabetes or have a friend or relative with diabetes. For most American Indians and Alaska Natives, the eagle represents balance, courage, healing, strength, and wisdom, and is seen as a messenger or a teacher. In the Eagle book series, the wise bird teaches children how to use these values to prevent diabetes and grow safe and strong.

Diabetes: Resources for Children and Teens
http://www.ndep.nih.gov/diabetes/youth/youth.htm (Non-CDC site)
View diabetes resources for children, teens, and teachers.

Environmental Health for Kids
http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/kids/99kidsday/
Learn how to stay healthy wherever you live, work, and play.

Epilepsy: You Are Not Alone- Toolkit for Parents of Teens with Epilepsy
http://www.cdc.gov/Epilepsy/toolkit/
When children with epilepsy become teenagers, parents can encourage and assist them in taking responsibility for themselves, while at the same time helping them accept the limitations on their freedom and choices that may be necessitated by the seizure disorder. The materials in this toolkit are designed to support this effort.

EXCITE: Excellence in Curriculum Integration through Teaching Epidemiology
http://www.cdc.gov/excite
EXCITE is a collection of teaching materials developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to introduce students to public health and epidemiology, the science used by "Disease Detectives" everywhere. Students will learn about the scientific method of inquiry, basic biostatistics, and outbreak investigation. EXCITE adapts readily to team teaching across a variety of subjects, including mathematics, social studies, history, and physical education.

Fast Stats A-Z: Child Health Statistics
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/children.htm
View data and statistics on child health.

Fast Stats A-Z: Teen Births Statistics
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/teenbrth.htm
View data and statistics on teen births.

Hazardous Substances: Children and Parents
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/child/atsdrpage2.html
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has put special emphasis on children in conducting its health studies and other activities. Children are especially at risk of being exposed to hazardous substances from waste sites or accidental spills and of suffering adverse health effects from their exposure. Learn more.

Hazardous Substances: Facts about Toxic Chemicals and the Environment
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/child/ochheykids.html
It is surprising how many different chemicals you have contact with every day! We can help you learn about them, and maybe help you with your next school project. You and your friends can use this page to find important facts about some toxic chemicals that you might find in your own home, school, neighborhood, town, or city.

Hazardous Waste Sites and Children抯 Health
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/child/ochchildhlth.html
Learn more about hazardous waste sites and children抯 health.

Healthy Schools, Healthy Youth
http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/
Learn more about the prevention of health risk behaviors among children, adolescents, and young adults.

Health Topic: Adolescents and Teens
http://www.cdc.gov/node.do/id/0900f3ec801e457a
View a list of links related to adolescents and teens.

Health Topic: Infants and Children
http://www.cdc.gov/health/nfantsmenu.htm
View a list of links related to infants and children.

How Parents Can Encourage Girls to Play Sports
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sport_initiatives/daugthertips.htm
View tips on how parents can encourage physical activity.

Infant Health
http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/MaternalInfantHealth/InfantHealth.htm
Learn more about infant health.

Injuries among Children and Adolescents
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/children.htm
View links to information about the types of injury and violence that pose the greatest threat to American youth.

Oral Health: Brush Up on Healthy Teeth- A Quiz for Parents about Simple Steps for Kids� Smiles
http://www.cdc.gov/OralHealth/pdfs/BrushUpQuiz.pdf
Learn more about keeping your child抯 teeth healthy with this quiz.

Physical Activity among Youth: Brochures for Parents, Teachers, and Principals
http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/physicalactivity/brochures/
Download or order printed copies of brochures on physical activity among youth.

Physical Activity: Kids Walk to School
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/kidswalk/
KidsWalk-to-School is a community-based program that aims to increase opportunities for daily physical activity by encouraging children to walk to and from school in groups accompanied by adults.

Physical Activity: VERB- It抯 What You Do Youth Media Campaign
http://www.cdc.gov/youthcampaign/
The VERB campaign encourages young people ages 9� (tweens) years to be physically active every day.

Physical Activity: VERB- It抯 What You Do
http://www.verbnow.com/ (Non-CDC site)
Learn how fun physical activity can be!

Playground Safety
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/playgr.htm
Learn basic facts about playground safety.

Pregnancy: Unintended and Teen Pregnancy
http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/UnintendedPregnancy/Teen.htm
Learn more about unintended and teen pregnancy.

Skin Cancer Prevention: Choose Your Cover- A Guide for Parents
http://www.cdc.gov/chooseyourcover/guide.htm
Hey Moms and Dads! Not all sun protection comes in a bottle. There are lots of ways to protect your child's skin all year long. Learn more.

Smoking and Tobacco: Got a Minute? Give It to Your Kid- Parent Kit from the Youth Campaign on Smoking/Tobacco Use
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/parenting/
This social marketing campaign is prepared for state and local tobacco control programs. It is designed to help less-involved parents become more involved with their preteens, a behavior that appears to act as a protective factor against the lure of tobacco. The campaign also tries to help parents support cessation attempts and understand more about youth tobacco use.

Smoking and Tobacco: Tobacco-Free Sports Initiatives
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sports_initiatives_splash.htm
The popularity of youth sports in the United States continues to explode. That is why sports activities are great ways to reach our nation抯 young people with information about how to make important health decisions related to tobacco use, physical activity, and good nutrition. Learn more.

Smoking and Tobacco: Tobacco Information and Prevention Source (TIPS)
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/
Learn more about smoking and tobacco use and what you can do to prevent it.

Smoking and Tobacco: Tobacco Information and Prevention Source (TIPS) for Youth
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/tips4youth.htm
Find facts, quizzes, tips, and other resources related to smoking, tobacco, and youth.

Smoking and Tobacco: Surgeon General抯 Report for Kids
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr4kids/sgrmenu.htm
SGR4KIDS, this online smoke-free magazine, asked kids across the country, "What do you and your friends think about smoking, and what do you want to see in this magazine?" You will find their words and ideas at this website. Find out more!

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/SIDS/
SIDS is the sudden death of an infant less than one year of age that cannot be explained by information collected during a thorough investigation. The cause of SIDS is currently unknown. Several factors have been identified that increase an infant抯 risk for SIDS. Learn more.

Workplace Safety and Health: Young Worker Safety and Health
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/youth/
Every year about 70 teens die from work injuries in the United States. About 77,000 get hurt badly enough that they go to a hospital emergency room. Only one-third of work-related injuries are seen in emergency departments, therefore it is likely that nearly 230,000 teens suffer work-related injuries each year. Learn more.

Children抯 Health Month Resources
http://www.childrenshealth.gov/ (Non-CDC site)
Children's Health Month is celebrated in October, but children's health is important year-round. Choose from the topics and tips on this Web site to discover the rewards of healthy children.

Children抯 Environmental Health Protection
http://yosemite.epa.gov/ochp/ochpweb.nsf/homepage (Non-CDC site)
Learn more about environmental risks to children.

Girl Power
http://www.girlpower.gov/girlarea/ (Non-CDC site)
Find out how to stay safe and healthy.

Girls' Health
http://www.girlshealth.gov (Non-CDC site)
There抯 lots of cool information you can use on this website. Maybe you want to start working out or you抮e stressed out about school. There are lots of different topics to choose from. Take a look!

Healthfinder
http://www.healthfinder.gov/kids/ (Non-CDC site)
Find out how to be healthy and have fun!

Insure Kids Now
http://www.insurekidsnow.gov/ (Non-CDC site)
Your state, and every state in the nation, has a health insurance program for infants, children and teens. The insurance is available to children in working families, including families that include individuals with a variety of immigration status. Learn more.

Physical Activity: Kids in Action. Fitness for Children, Birth to Age Five
http://www.aahperd.org/naspe/pdf_files/brochure.pdf (Non-CDC site)
This booklet presents physical activities for children in three age groups: infants (birth to 18 months), toddlers (18 to 36 months), and preschoolers (3 to 5 years). Use these ideas for physical activities with children to create the foundation for lifelong healthy behaviors.

This site contains documents in PDF format. You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader to access the file. If you do not have the Acrobat Reader, you may download a free copy from the Adobe Web site.
 

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This page last reviewed November 20, 2008
URL: http://www.cdc.gov/women/pubs/child.htm

US Department of Health and Human Services
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Office of Women's Health