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Heart
Disease and Stroke
(Cardiovascular Disease)
Publications and Materials
Below are
selected publications and materials related to heart disease and stroke.
Please note the year of publication may be later than the year(s) the data
represent.
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2008 Publications and Materials
2007 Publications and Materials
2006 Publications and Materials
2005 Publications and Materials
2004 Publications and Materials
2003 Publications and Materials
2002 Publications and Materials
2001 Publications and Materials
Related
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2008 Publications and Materials
The WISEWOMAN
Program: Reflection and Forecast (5/11/08)
The WISEWOMAN program targets low-income under- and uninsured women aged
40-64 years for screening and interventions aimed at reducing the risk of
heart disease, stroke, and other chronic diseases. The program enters its
third phase on June 30, 2008. Phase III will address challenges through a
number of new initiatives.
Atlas of Stroke Hospitalizations among Medicare Beneficiaries, 2008
(4/30/08)
To provide additional support to states to monitor and improve the quality
of care for stroke, this publication presents national Medicare data at the
county level for the aggregated time period of 1995�02. Within the study
population for this atlas, there were an average 27,759,446 Medicare
beneficiaries per year during 1995�02. Just under 60% of the beneficiaries
were women.
Listen to Your
Heart Podcast (3/26/08)
Each year, approximately half a million Americans die from a heart attack,
and this broadcast discusses common symptoms of an impending heart attack.
Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control: Continued
Disparities in Adults- United States, 2005-2006
(2/14/08)
In 2005�06, 29% of all U.S. adults 18 years and older were
hypertensive (systolic BP at or over 140 mmHg, diastolic BP at or
over 90 mmHg, or taking medications for hypertension). The
prevalence of hypertension was nearly equal between men and women.
Wear It Well: Women and Heart Disease
Prevention (2/1/08)
Wear red in February for American Heart Month to help raise awareness about heart disease, and take
steps to lower your risk.
2007 Publications and Materials
Prevalence of Heart Disease- United
States, 2005
(3/5/07)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5606a2.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5606.pdf
To estimate the prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI) and
angina/coronary heart disease (CHD) in each of the 50
states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S.
Virgin Islands, CDC analyzed self-reported data from the
2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. This report
summarizes the results of that analysis and provides the
first state-based prevalence estimates of these heart
diseases. The results indicated that substantial geographic,
racial/ethnic, educational, and sex disparities existed in
the prevalence of MI and angina/CHD. Men had a significantly
higher prevalence of MI history than women, angina/CHD, and
one or more of these conditions.
National Wear Red Day, Friday, February 2, 2007
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/announcements/american_heart_month.htm
Wear red to promote awareness of heart disease being the number
one killer of women. Steps to a
healthy heart include preventing or controlling risk factors
like smoking, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol,
overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, and diabetes. For more
information, visit the
National Institutes of Health and
American Heart Association.
2006 Publications and Materials
Successful
Business Strategies to Prevent Heart Disease and Stroke Toolkit
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/toolkit/
This toolkit provides information, materials, and tools that state programs
can reference and distribute to businesses, primarily through employer and
professional organizations. The toolkit also assists state programs in
addressing several cardiovascular health priority areas.
Preventing and Controlling High Blood Pressure
(9/19/06)
http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/prevention.htm
There are several things you can do to keep your blood pressure at a healthy
level. These actions should become part of your regular lifestyle. Discuss
with your health care provider the best ways for you to address your blood
pressure.
WISEWOMAN Briefing Document
(6/19/06)
http://www.cdc.gov/wisewoman/pdf/briefing_document.pdf
This document provides information about how WISEWOMAN works, why WISEWOMAN
is a wise investment, opportunities resulting from WISEWOMAN, and more.
Women and Heart Disease Fact Sheet (3/30/06)
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/fs_women_heart.htm
Although heart disease is sometimes thought of as a "man's disease," it is
the leading cause of death for both women and men in the United States, with
women comprising 51% of the total heart disease deaths.
Smoking among Women: Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke
(2/30/06)
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/factsheets/Cardiovascular.htm
This fact sheet provides data on cigarette smoking and women, cardiovascular
disease and stroke, and quitting smoking and attempts to quit.
2005 Publications and Materials
Identifying
Best Practices for WISEWOMAN Programs Using a Mixed-Methods Evaluation (12/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0133.htm
This article describes an evaluation that identifies best practices in
implementing lifestyle interventions in the CDC’s WISEWOMAN program
and discusses lessons learned in using the approach.
Trends
in Cholesterol Screening and Awareness of High Blood Cholesterol- United
States, 1991-2003 (10/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5435a2.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5435.pdf
Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System collected during
1991-2003 were analyzed to examine trends in the percentage of adults screened
for high blood cholesterol (HBC) and the percentage of those screened who
were told they had HBC. During 1991-2003, the prevalence of cholesterol
screening during the preceding 5 years and the percentage of persons screened
who were told they had HBC increased overall and among all age, sex, and
racial/ethnic groups. The percentage of those screened within 5 years increased
from 67.6% in 1991 to 73.1% in 2003. Although the prevalence of cholesterol
screening within 5 years was higher among women than men in all years represented,
the percentage change in prevalence was smaller for women than men.
Moving
into Action: Promoting Heart–Healthy and Stroke–Free
Communities (10/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/moving_into_action/order.htm
Moving into Action is a series of action items designed to help governors,
state legislators, local officials, employers, and health care leaders
promote heart–healthy and stroke–free communities. Each item
suggests ways to encourage general interest and awareness of these health
issues to specific policies that promote healthy behaviors and reduce risks
associated with heart disease and stroke. Included are examples gathered
from states and communities that are working to reduce these risks and
a summary of the science underlying heart disease and stroke prevention.
Sex
Differences in Stroke Recovery (6/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jul/04_0137.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jul/pdf/04_0137.pdf
This study examined differences between men and women in the ability to
perform basic activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily
living, and higher physical functioning after stroke. The objective of the
study was to determine whether sex differences in stroke recovery can be
explained by depressive status beyond older age, stroke severity, pre-stroke
physical functioning, and other medical co-morbidities. A total of 459
stroke patients were recruited from acute and sub-acute facilities in an
urban midwestern community. Lower recovery of activities of daily living and
physical functioning in women after stroke may be due to multi-factorial
effects of older age, poor physical function prior to stroke onset, and
depressive status after stroke.
Evaluation of
Salud Para Su Coraz髇 (Health for Your Heart)- National Council of La Raza
Promotora Outreach Program (6/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jul/04_0130.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jul/pdf/04_0130.pdf
In 2001, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute partnered with the
National Council of La Raza to conduct a pilot test of its community-based
outreach program Salud Para Su Coraz髇 (Health for Your Heart), which aims
to reduce the burden of morbidity and mortality associated with
cardiovascular disease among Latinos. The effectiveness of promotores de
salud (community health workers) in improving heart-healthy behaviors among
Latino families participating in the pilot program at seven sites was
evaluated. Results demonstrated the effectiveness of the promotora model in
improving heart-healthy behaviors, promoting community referrals and
screenings, enhancing information sharing beyond families, and satisfying
participants� expectations of the program.
WISEWOMAN Works: Volume 2- A Collection of Success Stories on Empowering
Women to Stop Smoking
(5/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/wisewoman/pdf/vol_2/success_stories_vol2.pdf
CDC highlights some of the ways the WISEWOMAN program is making a difference
for women smokers. These stories will demonstrate how many communities have
established strong partnerships, overcome cultural and geographic health
barriers, and maximized resources to expand their reach.
Atlas of
Heart Disease and Stroke among American Indians and Alaska Natives 2005
(5/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/fs050517.htm
The Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke among American Indians and Alaska
Natives documents geographic disparities in heart disease and stroke
mortality and risk factors among American Indians and Alaska Natives. The
county-level maps of heart disease and stroke death rates indicate that, for
American Indians and Alaska Natives, there is a nearly five-fold gap between
counties with the highest and lowest rates of heart disease and stroke. High
stroke death rates were found primarily in Northwestern counties and Alaska,
while high heart disease death rates were located largely in the counties of
the northern plains.
Prevention
Works: CDC Strategies for a Heart朒ealthy and Stroke朏ree America
(2/28/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/prevention_works/funding_map_text.htm
This briefing document is intended to provide a snapshot of heart disease
and stroke prevention at CDC. The document provides information on the
health and economic costs of chronic diseases to our nation and outlines
CDC's prevention strategies. This document describes CDC's central
strategies which include a focus on high blood pressure and cholesterol
control, signs and symptoms, improving emergency response, improving quality
of care, and eliminating health disparities between population groups.
Disparities
in Screening for and Awareness of High Blood Cholesterol � United States,
1999-2002 (2/28/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5405a2.htm
PDF (p. 117)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5405.pdf
To assess racial/ethnic and other disparities among persons who were
screened for high blood cholesterol during the preceding 5 years and among
persons who were aware of their high blood cholesterol, CDC analyzed data
from the 1999-2000 and 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination
Surveys. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which
indicated that Mexican Americans, blacks, and younger adults were less
likely to be screened for high blood cholesterol, and persons in those
populations who had high cholesterol were less likely to be aware of their
condition. Although women participants were more likely than men to have had
their cholesterol checked during the preceding 5 years, those women whose
test results indicated high cholesterol or who were on cholesterol-lowering
medication were less likely than men to be aware of their high cholesterol
condition. A previous study determined that women were only half as likely
as men to have their total blood cholesterol controlled at <200 mg/dL, the
level considered desirable.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Prevalence, Treatment, and Control of
Hypertension- United States, 1999-2002 (1/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5401a3.htm
PDF (p. 7)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5401.pdf
CDC analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
for 1999-2002. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which
determined that racial/ethnic disparities in awareness of, treatment for,
and control of hypertension persist. The prevalence of hypertension
increased with age and was higher among women than men. The proportion who
were aware of having a high blood pressure (BP) was greater among those aged
>40 years, and the proportion was higher among women than men. Percentages
of those treated for HBP were higher among women than men and increased with
age.
2004 Publications and Materials
The
Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke (11/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/maps/cvdatlas/index.htm
The CDC collaborated with the World Health Organization to produce this
atlas. The atlas addresses the global epidemic of heart disease and stroke
in six sections: cardiovascular disease; risk factors; the burden; action;
the future and the past; and world tables.
Implication
of an AGT Haplotype in a Multigene Association Study with Pregnancy
Hypertension (4/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/hugenet/ejournal/AGT.htm
This study addressed two main purposes: to validate previously published
associations related to preeclampsia and chronic essential hypertension by
examining ten different polymorphisms in nine genes, from nine different
studies; and to determine whether polymorphisms previously found to be
associated with preeclampsia are associated with essential hypertension and
vice versa.
Disparities
in Premature Deaths from Heart Disease- 50 States and the District of
Columbia, 2001 (2/20/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5306a2.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5306.pdf
To better understand these disparities, CDC analyzed death certificate data
for premature deaths from heart disease occurring in 2001. This report
summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that the
proportion of premature heart disease deaths varied by state and was higher
among blacks, American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs), Asians/Pacific
Islanders (A/PIs), and Hispanics. Premature death was higher for Hispanics
(23.5%) than non-Hispanics (16.5%), and for males (24.0%) than females
(10.0%). The proportions of premature heart disease deaths ranged from
12.4% in Rhode Island to 35.7% in Alaska. The 10 areas with the highest
proportions were Alaska (35.7%), Nevada (25.4%), Georgia (23.9%), South
Carolina (23.8%), Louisiana (22.9%), DC (21.5%), Alabama (21.4%), Tennessee
(21.3%), Mississippi (20.7%), and Texas (20.5%). Among males, proportions
were highest in Alaska (41.8%) and lowest in North Dakota (18.6%); among
females, proportions were highest in Alaska (26.0%) and lowest in South
Dakota (6.3%).
Declining
Prevalence of No Known Major Risk Factors for Heart Disease and Stroke
Among Adults� United States, 1991-2001 (1/20/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5301a2.htm
PDF (p. 4)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5301.pdf
To assess changes in prevalence of no known risk factors for heart disease
and stroke during 1991-2001, CDC analyzed data from the Behavioral Risk
Factor Surveillance System. This report summarizes the results of that
analysis, which indicate that prevalence of no known major risk factors is
decreasing among men and women in nearly all states, racial/ethnic
populations, age groups, and education levels. In addition, the prevalence
of individual major risk factors is increasing. Men had a greater decline
in prevalence of no known risk factors than women (6.6% versus 4.9%).
During 1991--2001, the prevalence of reported high blood pressure, high
cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity among U.S. adults increased, whereas the
prevalence of smoking remained nearly the same. Of all U.S. deaths in 2001,
heart disease accounted for 29.0% and stroke for 6.8%.
2003 Publications and Materials
Receipt of
Cardiac Rehabilitation Services Among Heart Attack Survivors-19 States and
the District of Columbia, 2001 (11/10/03)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5244a4.htm
PDF (p. 1072)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5244.pdf
This report summarizes data on the prevalence of self-reported
participation in cardiac rehabilitation services among persons in 19 states
and the District of Columbia who have had a heart attack. The findings
indicate that less than one third of these respondents have participated in
cardiac rehabilitation. Men were more likely than women to report having
received cardiac rehabilitation, as were persons aged 50-64 years compared
with other age groups and those with more education compared with those
with less. Including cardiac rehabilitation in all intervention plans for
eligible patients with coronary heart disease remains a key strategy for
reducing further disability.
Self-Reported Heart Disease and Stroke Among Adults With and Without
Diabetes - United States, 1999-2001 (11/10/03)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5244a2.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5244.pdf
Fact Sheet
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/fs031106.htm
Data from the 1999-2001 National Health Interview Surveys indicate that the
age-adjusted prevalence of reported heart disease and stroke is
approximately two to three times greater among persons with diabetes than
among persons without diabetes. Prevention of diabetes can decrease the
prevalence of heart disease and stroke. Improved diet, weight loss, and
increased physical activity can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes
among adults with impaired glucose tolerance.
Cholesterol Status Among Adults in the United States
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/databriefs/adultcholesterol.pdf
NHANES III (1988�) measured serum total cholesterol,
high-density-lipoproteins (HDL-C), and other cholesterol components in a
representative sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population
20 years of age and over. Serum cholesterol is an important risk factor in
the identification and treatment of many diseases, especially heart
disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. About 20 percent
of U.S. adults had high serum cholesterol levels. Only 13 percent or less
of men 20� years of age have high serum cholesterol levels compared with
more than 20 percent of men in the two older age groups (45-64, and 65 and
over). About 10 percent or less of women 20� years of age have high serum
cholesterol levels compared with more than 30 percent of women in the two
older age groups. HDL-C may help to protect an individual from developing
heart disease, and very low levels of HDL-C indicate that the individual is
lacking his or her natural protection against heart disease. A higher
percentage of men had low HDL-C levels than women.
Public
Health and Aging: Hospitalizations for Stroke Among Adults Aged >65 Years -
United States, 2000
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5225a3.htm
PDF (p. 586)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5225.pdf
This report summarizes the results of a CDC analysis of Medicare hospital
claims for persons with stroke during 2000 for the 50 states and the
District of Columbia. The report indicates that geographic variation exists
in both rates of hospitalization for stroke and patient discharge status.
During 2000, a total of 445,452 hospitalizations among Medicare enrollees
were attributed to stroke, resulting in an age-adjusted rate of 16.3 per
1,000 enrollees. Stroke hospitalization rates increased with age and were
higher among men than women and among blacks than whites. The majority of
hospitalizations for stroke resulted in discharge to home (50.3%), followed
by discharge to a skilled nursing facility (21.0%), discharge to another
facility (19.6%), and death (8.7%). Higher proportions of women and blacks
were discharged to either a skilled nursing facility or other facility than
men or whites, respectively. Reducing the burden of stroke in the United
States will require primary prevention and control of risk factors, public
education, early evaluation and treatment of persons with acute stroke, and
effective secondary prevention among persons living with stroke.
A Public Health
Action Plan to Prevent Heart Disease and Stroke
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/action_plan/pdfs/action_plan_full.pdf
The purpose of the plan is to chart a course for the CDC and collaborating
public health agencies, with all interested partners and the public at
large, to help in promoting achievement of national goals for preventing
heart disease and stroke over the next two decades--through 2020 and
beyond. The five essential components of this plan are taking action,
strengthening capacity, evaluating impact, advancing policy, and engaging
in regional and global partnerships. Cardiovascular disease causes more
deaths among women. In 2000, cardiovascular disease was responsible for
505,661 deaths among U.S. women and 440,175 deaths among U.S. men.
WISEWOMAN Works: A
Collection of Success Stories From Program Inception Through 2002
http://www.cdc.gov/wisewoman/publications.htm
The document highlights some of the ways that CDC-funded WISEWOMAN Projects
are making a difference for financially disadvantaged women participants.
The 12 stories within WISEWOMAN Works are examples of four
strategies that build strong WISEWOMAN projects: expanding access, reaching
culturally diverse women, women helping women, and developing partnerships.
Through success stories, WISEWOMAN Works provides a method for
health professionals to share information about grassroots level efforts to
promote the health of women in need. By including sections on how to use
success stories, writing your own success stories, and adapting your
stories for multiple purposes, WISEWOMAN Works provides technical
assistance to help health professionals capture success stories.
Public
Health and Aging: Atrial Fibrillation as a Contributing Cause of Death and
Medicare Hospitalization - United States, 1999
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5207a2.htm
PDF (p. 128)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5207.pdf
One of the major risk factors for stroke is atrial fibrillation (AF), a
common cardiac disorder characterized by cardiac arrhythmia and the absence
of coordinated contractions, which increases the risk for blood stasis,
clot formation, and embolic stroke. AF affects approximately 2.2 million
adults in the United States and is the most common sustained heart rhythm
disturbance observed in clinical practice. The rate of AF increases with
age, from <1% among persons aged <60 years to approximately 10% among
persons aged >80 years. Age-adjusted death rates for AF were highest
among whites (25.7) and blacks (16.4) and higher for men (34.7) than women
(22.8). In 1999, a total of 1,765,304 hospitalizations (137.1 per 1,000
Medicare enrollees) were reported among persons with AF in the Medicare
population. Rates increased among successive age groups. The rate of
hospitalization among persons with AF was higher among whites (142.7) than
among blacks (100.4). Although 55.7% of these hospitalizations were among
women, men (162.9) had a higher rate of AF-related hospitalization than
women (121.2). Stroke is the leading cause in the United States of serious
long-term disability and the third leading cause of death.
Atlas of Stroke
Mortality: Racial, Ethnic and Geographic Disparities in the United States
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/maps/strokeatlas/index.htm
This report provides, for the first time, an extensive series of national
and state maps that show local disparities in stroke death rates for the
five largest racial/ethnic groups in the United States. The maps provide
health-care professionals and concerned persons with county-level maps of
stroke mortality that are essential for tailoring stroke-prevention
policies and programs to the needs of communities. During 1991-1998, the
age-adjusted death rate for stroke was 117/100,000 for women and
126/100,000 for men ages 35 and older. For both women and men, stroke is
the third leading cause of death in the United States, preceded by heart
disease and cancer. The maps of age-adjusted, spatially smoothed stroke
death rates for women and men show considerable geographic disparity. For
women, county death rates ranged from 58 to 226/100,000. The range for men
was 60 to 258/100,000.
Facts and Tools
Every Woman Can Use
http://www.cdc.gov/wisewoman/resources.htm
This section is designed by women, for women, to provide you with helpful
information and tools you can use to reduce your risk factors for heart
disease. Here you will find calculators, heart health quizzes, recipes, and
other useful information. You will also find links to Web sites loaded with
science-based yet practical information. From the WISEWOMAN web page.
2002 Publications and Materials
High Blood
Pressure Fact Sheet
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/fs_bloodpressure.htm
Among people with high blood pressure, 31.6 percent don't even know they
have it. About 1 in 4 American adults have high blood pressure. High blood
pressure affects about 1 in 3 African Americans, 1 in 5 Hispanics and
Native Americans, and 1 in 6 Asians/Pacific Islanders. High blood pressure
increases the risk for heart disease and stroke.
Cholesterol
Fact Sheet
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/fs_cholesterol.htm
Studies among people without heart disease have shown that lowering
cholesterol can reduce the risk for developing heart disease, including
heart attacks and deaths related to heart disease. Cholesterol, a waxy,
fat-like substance found in the body, is needed for the body to function
normally. When there is too much cholesterol in the body�/span>because
of diet and the rate at which the cholesterol is processed�/span>it
is deposited in arteries, including those of the heart, which can lead to
narrowing of the arteries and heart disease.
State-Specific Mortality from Stroke and Distribution of Place of Death
-United States, 1999
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5120a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5120.pdf
Telebriefing
http://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/t020523.htm
This report presents national and state-specific death rates for stroke in
1999, which indicate state-by-state variations in both stroke-related death
rates and the proportions of stroke decedents who die before transport to
an emergency department. By race/ethnicity, the highest age-adjusted death
rates for stroke occurred among blacks followed by whites (225.2 and 166.7
per 100,000 population, respectively). Age-adjusted death rates for stroke
were slightly higher among men (62.4) than among women (60.5). The
proportion of pretransport deaths was higher among women (52.2%) than among
men (40.3%) and higher among whites (50.1%) than among other racial/ethnic
populations. In the United States, stroke is the third leading cause of
death and one of the major causes of serious, long-term disability among
adults. Each year, approximately 500,000 persons suffer a first-time
stroke, and approximately 167,000 deaths are stroke-related. Prevention
through public and medical education remains a key strategy for reducing
stroke-related deaths and disability. High blood pressure, diabetes, high
cholesterol, and smoking remain the major risk factors for stroke.
WISEWOMAN - Well-Integrated
Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation
http://www.cdc.gov/wisewoman/
Check out the new WISEWOMAN Web site to get more information on this
cardiovascular risk factor screening and lifestyle intervention
demonstration program.
State-Specific Mortality from Sudden Cardiac Death - United States, 1999
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5106a3.htm
PDF (p. 123)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5106.pdf
Press Release
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r020215.htm
Each year in the United States, 400,000-460,000 persons die of unexpected
sudden cardiac death (SCD) in an emergency department (ED) or before
reaching a hospital. Based on the latest U.S. mortality data, this report
summarizes and analyzes 1999 national and state-specific SCD data. Women
had a higher total number of cardiac deaths and higher proportion of
out-of-hospital cardiac deaths than men (51.9% of 375,243 and 41.7% of
353,500, respectively), and men had a higher proportion of cardiac deaths
that occurred in an ED or were dead on arrival (21.2% of 353,500 and 12.0%
of 375,243, respectively). Blacks had the highest age-adjusted rates (253.6
in men and 175.3 in women) followed by whites (204.5 in men and 138.4 in
women), American Indians/Alaska Natives (132.7 in men and 76.6 in women),
and Asians/Pacific Islanders (111.5 in men and 66.5 in women).
2001 Publications and Materials
Major
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) During 1997-1999 and Major CVD Hospital
Discharge Rates in 1997 among Women with Diabetes - United States
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5043a2.htm
PDF (p. 948)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5043.pdf
Findings indicate that the age-adjusted prevalence of major CVD for women
with diabetes is twice that for women without diabetes and that the
age-adjusted major CVD hospital discharge rate for women with diabetes is
almost four times the rate for women without diabetes. These findings
underscore the need to reduce risk factors associated with CVD among all
women with diabetes through focused public health and clinical efforts. CVD
is the leading cause of death among all women and the risk for death from
CVD among women with diabetes is two to four times higher than that for
women without diabetes.
Women & Heart Disease: An Atlas
of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Mortality (Second Edition)
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/maps/cvdatlas/atlas_womens/womens_download.htm
CDC has released a second edition of this publication, with corrected
national and state maps of heart disease mortality among Black women. For
this reason, we are advising readers to consult and cite only the second
edition for information about heart disease mortality in Black women. The
second edition of Women and Heart Disease also includes an updated and
expanded version of the heart disease resource information in Appendix B
and corrections of minor typographical errors that appeared in the original
edition.
Sudden
Cardiac Deaths Increasing in Young People, Especially Young Women
(Press Release)
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r010301.htm
Yearly death totals of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in people between the
ages of 15 and 34 rose 10% overall during the past decade - from 2,719 in
1989 to 3,000 in 1996, according to data presented by researchers from the
CDC during the American Heart Association's 41st Annual Conference on
Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, in San Antonio, Texas.
Alarmingly, although the numbers are very small, the SCD death rate
increased by 30% in young women. Death rates were also higher among young
African-Americans than whites. Lifestyle changes, plus early identification
of risk and prompt attention when signs of heart distress are recognized,
could help reduce SCD in people ages 15-34.
Mortality
From Coronary Heart Disease & Acute Myocardial Infarction - United States,
1998
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5006a2.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5006.pdf
Despite improved clinical care, heightened public awareness, and widespread
use of health innovations, coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading
cause of death in the United States, and the decline in rates from CHD that
began during the 1960s slowed during the 1990s. This report provides
national and state-specific death rates for CHD and for acute myocardial
infarction (AMI). Black women had the highest death rates for CHD (301.9)
and AMI (140.4), followed by white (263.8 and 113.2 for CHD and AMI,
respectively), American Indian/Alaska Native, (160.2 and 69.3 for CHD and
AMI, respectively) and Asian/Pacific Islander (148.1 and 62.2 for CHD and
AMI, respectively) women. During 2001, approximately 1.1 million persons
are expected to have a CHD event. Prevention remains the key strategy for
reducing CHD mortality.
Heart Disease and Stroke: Women抯 Health
Topics A-Z
http://www.cdc.gov/women/az/hrtstrk.htm
View women抯 health resources related to heart disease.
Atlases of
Heart Disease and Stroke
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/publications.htm#1
These maps highlight both substantial racial and ethnic disparities in heart
disease and the marked geographic disparities in the burden of heart disease
that exist within each race and ethnicity group.
Heart Disease and Stroke
Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/index.htm
Learn more about heart disease and stroke prevention.
Eliminate
Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
http://www.cdc.gov/omh/AMH/factsheets/cardio.htm
Overall, minority and low-income populations have a disproportionate burden
of death and disability from CVD. Learn more.
Fact Sheets:
Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/fact_sheets.htm
View a list links to fact sheets on a variety of topics related to
cardiovascular health, including high blood pressure, signs and symptoms of
heart attack and stroke, cholesterol, and more.
Fast Stats A-Z: Heart
Disease Statistics
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/heart.htm
View data and statistics on heart disease.
Fast Stats A-Z:
Stroke/Cerebrovascular Disease Statistics
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/stroke.htm
View data and statistics on stroke/cerebrovascular disease.
Heart Disease
and Stroke
http://www.cdc.gov/washington/overview/heartstk.htm
Heart disease and stroke are, respectively, the first and third leading
causes of death in the United States. They are the principal causes of death
due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and are major causes of disability among
all racial and ethnic groups. Learn more.
Heart Disease and Stroke Maps
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/maps/index.htm
This site offers interactive maps that present heart disease and stroke
mortality rates, county-by-county, for the state, racial/ethnic group, and
gender of your choice.
Signs and
Symptoms of a Heart Attack
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/fs_heartattack.htm
Learn the signs and symptoms of a heart attack.
Signs and
Symptoms of a Stroke
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/fs_strokesigns.htm
Learn the signs and symptoms of a stroke.
WISEWOMAN - Well-Integrated
Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation
http://www.cdc.gov/wisewoman/
This mission of this program is to provide low-income, under- or uninsured
40- to 64-year-old women with the knowledge, skills, and opportunities to
improve diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle behaviors to prevent,
delay and control cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
Work-Related
Cardiovascular Diseases: Programs in Brief
http://www.cdc.gov/programs/workpl16.htm
Learn more about work-related cardiovascular diseases, CDC/ATSDR抯
activities and achievements, and steps for moving forward.
National Wear Red Day
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/hearttruth/ (Non-CDC site)
Learn more about awareness for women and heart disease.
National Woman抯 Heart Day
http://www.womansheartday.org/ (Non-CDC site)
Do you know that women's heart disease is the number one killer of women in
the United States? One out of every three women will die of heart disease.
That's the bad news卋ut, the good news is that women's heart disease is
often preventable. Learn more.
This site contains documents in PDF format. You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader
to access the file. If you do not have the Acrobat Reader, you may download a
free copy from the
Adobe Web site.
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last reviewed
January 29,
2008
URL: http://www.cdc.gov/women/pubs/hrtstrk.htm
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Office of Women's Health
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