Table 16-2. Percentage of children who demonstrate specific mathematics knowledge and skills, by child, family, and school characteristics: Spring 5th grade, 2004
|
|---|
| Characteristic |
Multiplication
and division |
Place
value |
Rate and
measurement |
Fractions |
Area and
volume |
|
| Total |
92.4 |
73.5 |
42.9 |
13.2 |
1.8 |
| Child’s sex |
|
|
|
|
|
| Male |
93.3 |
76.6 |
46.7 |
16.1 |
2.4 |
| Female |
91.5 |
70.3 |
39.0 |
10.2 |
1.2 |
| |
| Child’s race/ethnicity1 |
|
|
|
|
|
| White |
95.3 |
81.6 |
52.4 |
17.7 |
2.5 |
| Black |
84.2 |
52.1 |
19.3 |
2.7 |
0.3! |
| Hispanic |
91.1 |
67.6 |
33.7 |
7.3 |
0.8 |
| Asian |
95.2 |
83.4 |
57.5 |
23.8 |
3.7 |
| Other |
87.6 |
64.0 |
35.4 |
11.9 |
1.3 |
| |
| Mother’s highest level of education, spring 2004 |
|
|
|
| Less than high school |
80.2 |
47.0 |
18.5 |
3.5 |
0.5 |
| High school diploma or equivalent |
90.3 |
67.5 |
33.9 |
7.2 |
0.8 |
| Some college or vocational technical degree |
94.4 |
76.2 |
42.9 |
10.8 |
1.3 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher |
98.3 |
90.4 |
65.8 |
28.4 |
4.0 |
| |
| Primary home language at kindergarten entry |
|
|
|
| English |
92.9 |
75.0 |
44.7 |
14.1 |
1.9 |
| Not English |
89.2 |
64.8 |
33.0 |
8.6 |
1.2 |
| |
| School type, spring 2004 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Public |
92.0 |
72.5 |
41.7 |
12.6 |
1.7 |
| Private |
96.1 |
83.3 |
54.3 |
18.2 |
2.4 |
| |
| Poverty status,2 kindergarten through spring 2004 |
|
|
|
| Below, all rounds |
81.1 |
44.8 |
16.1 |
3.0! |
0.2 |
| In and out of poverty |
89.6 |
65.6 |
31.3 |
6.2 |
0.6 |
| At or above, all rounds |
96.2 |
84.0 |
55.1 |
19.2 |
2.7 |
| |
| Family type, kindergarten through spring 2004 |
|
|
|
| Two parents, all rounds |
95.5 |
82.8 |
54.4 |
19.3 |
2.6 |
| Single parent, all rounds |
90.5 |
64.8 |
30.1 |
6.0 |
1.0! |
| Other, all rounds3 |
76.7 |
56.9 |
24.5 |
2.7! |
0.2! |
| Change in family type |
91.8 |
70.4 |
37.3 |
9.8 |
1.2 |
| |
| School type, kindergarten through spring 2004 |
|
|
|
| Public school, all rounds |
91.5 |
71.3 |
40.7 |
11.9 |
1.6 |
| Private school, all rounds |
97.9 |
87.4 |
57.0 |
15.4 |
2.0 |
| Change in school type |
95.0 |
79.8 |
48.9 |
19.3 |
2.6 |
| |
| Grade level of child, spring 2004 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Below grade level |
78.1 |
41.4 |
14.0 |
3.4! |
0.3! |
| Fifth grade |
94.7 |
78.6 |
47.5 |
14.7 |
2.0 |
| Above grade level |
99.7 |
96.5 |
79.9 |
60.0! |
10.2! |
|
! Interpret with caution (estimates are unstable).
|
1 Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Other includes Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, American Indian, Alaska Native, and non-Hispanic children of more than one race.
|
2 The federal poverty-level status composite variable is derived from household income and the total number of household members at each administration of the survey and is used to define households below the poverty level. For instance, in 1998, if a household contained four members and the annual household income was lower than $16,600, then the household was considered to be below poverty.
|
3 Other refers to related and unrelated guardian(s).
|
NOTE: The mathematics skills presented are those that students are expected to develop between the spring of 3rd grade and the spring of 5th grade. Findings are based on all students who participated in the ECLS-K, not just those at grade level. Although most of the children in the sample were in 5th grade in spring 2004, some 14 percent were in a lower grade, and 1 percent were in a higher grade. Findings are representative of the 3.8 million students in school in spring 2004 who were in kindergarten in fall 1998. Poverty status, kindergarten through spring 2004; family type, kindergarten through spring 2004; and school type, kindergarten through spring 2004, are composite variables that are derived from each round of the survey (fall 1998, spring 1999, spring 2000, spring 2002, and spring 2004). Estimates were weighted by C1_6FC0.
|
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–99 (ECLS-K), Longitudinal Kindergarten–Third Grade Public-Use Data File, and Fifth-Grade Restricted-Use Data File.
|
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