The Library of Congress >> Especially for Librarians and Archivists >> Standards

MARC Code List for Geographic Areas

Part 1: Name Sequence

A

• Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates : Emirate)
  USE Abū Ẓaby (United Arab Emirates: Emirate)
• Abyssinia
  USE Ethiopia
• Abū Ẓaby (United Arab Emirates: Emirate)
  Assigned code:
  [a-ts] United Arab Emirates
  UF Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates : Emirate)
• A.C.T.
  USE Australian Capital Territory
• Açores
  USE Azores
• Adamawa (Emirate)
  Assigned codes:
  [f-cm] Cameroon
  [f-nr] Nigeria
• Aden
  Assigned code:
  [a-ye] Yemen (Republic)
• Aden (Protectorate)
  Assigned code:
  [a-ye] Yemen (Republic)
• Aden, Gulf of
  Assigned code:
  [mr] Red Sea
  UF Gulf of Aden
• Admiralty Islands (Papua New Guinea)
  Assigned code:
  [a-pp] Papua New Guinea
• Adriatic Sea
  Assigned code:
  [mm] Mediterranean Sea
• Advanced countries
  USE Developed countries
• Aegean Islands (Greece and Turkey)
  Assigned codes:
  [e-gr] Greece
  [a-tu] Turkey
  UF Islands of the Aegean
• Aegean Sea
  Assigned codes:
  [e-gr] Greece
  [a-tu] Turkey
• Afars and Issas, French Territory of the
  USE Djibouti
• Afghanistan [a-af]
• Africa [f]
• Africa, Central [ fc]
  UF Central Africa
• Africa, East
  Assigned code:
  [fe] Africa, Eastern
  UF British East Africa
  East Africa
• Africa, Eastern [fe]
  UF Eastern Africa
• Africa, Equatorial
  USE Africa, French-speaking Equatorial
• Africa, French-speaking Equatorial [fq]
  UF Africa, Equatorial
  French Equatorial Africa
  French-speaking Equatorial Africa
• Africa, French-speaking West
  Assigned code:
  [fw] Africa, West
  UF French-speaking West Africa
  French West Africa
• Africa, Italian East
  USE Africa, Northeast
• Africa, North [ff]
  UF North Africa
• Africa, Northeast [fh]
  UF Africa, Italian East
  East African Horn
  Italian East Africa
  Northeast Africa
• Africa, Northwest
  Assigned codes:
  [ff] Africa, North
  [fw] Africa, West
  UF Northwest Africa
• Africa, South
  USE South Africa
• Africa, Southern [fs]
  UF Southern Africa
• Africa, Southwest
  USE Namibia
• Africa, Sub-Saharan [fb]
  UF Sub-Saharan Africa
• Africa, West [fw]
  UF British West Africa
  West Africa
• Alabama [n-us-al]
• Alaska [n-us-ak]
• Alaska, Gulf of (Alaska)
  Assigned code:
  [pn] North Pacific Ocean
  UF Gulf of Alaska (Alaska)
• Albania [e-aa]
  UF People's Socialist Republic of Albania
• Alberta [n-cn-ab]
• Alderney (Channel Islands)
  Assigned code:
  [e-uk-ui] Great Britain Miscellaneous Island Dependencies
• Algeria [f-ae]
  UF People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
• Alps [ea]
• Amazon River [sa]
• America
  Assigned codes:
  [n] North America
  [s] South America
• America, Central
  USE Central America
• American Samoa [poas]
  UF Samoa, American
• Amur River (China and Russia) [aa]
  UF Hei Ho (China and Russia)
  Heilong Jiang (China and Russia)
  Reka Amur (China and Russia)
  Sakhalin Ula (China and Russia)
• Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India)
  Assigned code:
  [a-ii] India
• Andean Area
  USE Andes
• Andes [sn]
  UF Andean Area
• Andorra [e-an]
• Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
  USE Sudan
• Angola [f-ao]
  UF People's Republic of Angola
  Portuguese West Africa
  West Africa, Portuguese
• Anguilla [nwxa]
  [Coded [nwxi] (Saint Kitts and Nevis) before Mar. 1988]
• Anhui Sheng (China) [a-cc-an]
  UF Anhwei Province (China)
• Anhwei Province (China)
  USE Anhui Sheng (China)
• Antarctic Ocean [t]
• Antarctic regions
  USE Antarctica
• Antarctica [t]
  [Coded also [t-ay] (Antarctica) before Mar. 1988]
  UF Antarctic regions
  South Pole
• Antigua
  Assigned code:
  [nwaq] Antigua and Barbuda
• Antigua and Barbuda [nwaq]
• Antilles, Greater
  USE West Indies
• Antilles, Lesser [nwla]
  UF Lesser Antilles
• Appalachian Mountains [n-usa]
• Appalachian Mountains, Southern
  Assigned code:
  [n-usa] Appalachian Mountains
• Appalachian Region
  Assigned code:
  [n-usa] Appalachian Mountains
• Aqaba, Gulf of
  Assigned code:
  [mr] Red Sea
  UF Gulf of Aqaba
• Arab Republic of Yemen
  USE Yemen (Republic)
• Arab countries [ma]
  UF Arabic countries
• Arabia
  USE Arabian Peninsula
• Arabia, Southern
  Assigned codes:
  [a-mk] Oman
  [a-ye] Yemen (Republic)
• Arabian Peninsula [ar]
  UF Arabia
• Arabian Sea [au]
• Arabic countries
  USE Arab countries
• Arafura Sea
  Assigned code:
  [ps] South Pacific Ocean
• Aran Islands (Ireland)
  Assigned code:
  [e-ie] Ireland
• Archipel des Marquises (French Polynesia)
  USE Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia)
• Arctic Ocean [r]
• Arctic regions [r]
  UF North Pole
• Argentina [s-ag]
• Arizona [n-us-az]
• Arkansas [n-us-ar]
• Armenia
  Assigned code:
  [a-ai] Armenia (Republic)
• Armenia
  Assigned code:
  [a-ir] Iran
• Armenia
  Assigned code:
  [a-tu] Turkey
• Armenia (Republic) [a-ai]
  [Coded [e-ur-ai] (Armenia (Republic)) before June 1998]
  UF Armenian S.S.R.
• Armenian S.S.R.
  USE Armenia (Republic)
• Aruba [nwaw]
  [Coded [nwco] (Curaçao) before Sept. 2002]
• Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) [lsai]
• Ashanti
  USE Ghana
• Ashmore and Cartier Islands [u-ac]
• Asia [a]
• Asia Minor
  USE Turkey
• Asia and Europe (treated collectively)
  USE Eurasia
• Asia, Central [ac]
  UF Central Asia
  Soviet Central Asia
• Asia, East
  USE East Asia
• Asia, South
  USE South Asia
• Asia, Southeastern
  USE Southeast Asia
• Asia, Southwestern
  USE Middle East
• Asia, Western
  USE Middle East
• Atlantic Coast (U.S.)
  Assigned code:
  [n-us] United States
• Atlantic Ocean [l]
• Atlantic States
  Assigned code:
  [n-us] United States
• Atlantic States, South
  USE South Atlantic States
• Atlas Mountains [fa]
• Austral Islands (French Polynesia)
  Assigned code:
  [pofp] French Polynesia
  UF Tubuai Islands (French Polynesia)
• Australasia [u]
• Australia [u-at]
• Australia, Central
  USE Central Australia
• Australia, Eastern
  USE Eastern Australia
• Australia, Northern
  USE Northern Australia
• Australia, Western
  USE Western Australia
• Australian Capital Territory [u-at-ac]
  [Coded [u-at-ne] (New South Wales) before Sept. 2002]
  UF A.C.T.
  Federal Capital Territory
• Austria [e-au]
• Azad Jammu and Kashmir
  USE Azad Kashmir
• Azad Kashmir
  Assigned code:
  [a-pk] Pakistan
  UF Azad Jammu and Kashmir
  Kashmir
• Azerbaijan [a-aj]
  [Coded [e-ur-aj] (Azerbaijan) before June 1998]
  UF Azerbaijan S.S.R.
• Azerbaijan S.S.R.
  USE Azerbaijan
• Azores [lnaz]
  UF Açores

B

• Babylonia
  Assigned code:
  [a-iq] Iraq
• Bahamas [nwbf]
• Bahrain [a-ba]
  UF Bahrein
• Bahrein
  USE Bahrain
• Balearic Islands (Spain)
  Assigned code:
  [e-sp] Spain
• Balkan Peninsula [ed]
  UF Europe, Southeastern
  Southeastern Europe
• Baltic Sea
  Assigned code:
  [ln] North Atlantic Ocean
• Baltic States [eb]
• Banaba (Kiribati)
  Assigned code:
  [pokb] Kiribati
  UF Ocean Island (Kiribati)
• Bangladesh [a-bg]
  UF East Pakistan (Pakistan)
• Banks Islands (Vanuatu)
  Assigned code:
  [ponn] Vanuatu
• Barbados [nwbb]
• Barbuda
  Assigned code:
  [nwaq] Antigua and Barbuda
• Barents Sea
  Assigned code:
  [r] Arctic Ocean
• Basutoland
  USE Lesotho
• Bay of Bengal
  USE Bengal, Bay of
• Bay of Fundy
  USE Fundy, Bay of
• Bear Island (Norway)
  Assigned code:
  [lnsb] Svalbard (Norway)
  UF Bjørnøya (Norway)
• Beaufort Sea
  Assigned code:
  [r] Arctic Ocean
• Bechuanaland
  USE Botswana
• Beijing (China) [a-cc-pe]
  UF Peiping (China)
  Peking (China)
• Belarus [e-bw]
  [Coded [e-ur-bw] (Belarus) before June 1998]
  UF Belorussian S.S.R.
  Byelorussian S.S.R.
  White Russia
• Belau
  USE Palau
• Belgian Congo
  USE Congo (Democratic Republic)
• Belgium [e-be]
• Belize [ncbh]
  UF British Honduras
• Belorussian S.S.R.
  USE Belarus
• Benelux countries [el]
  UF Low countries
• Bengal, Bay of [ab]
  UF Bay of Bengal
• Benin [f-dm]
  UF Dahomey
  People's Republic of Benin
• Bering Sea
  Assigned code:
  [pn] North Pacific Ocean
• Berlin (Germany)
  Assigned code:
  [e-gx] Germany
  UF East Berlin
  West Berlin
• Bermuda Islands [lnbm]
• Bermuda Triangle
  Assigned code:
  [ln] North Atlantic Ocean
• Bhutan [a-bt]
• Biafra
  USE Nigeria
• Bikini Atoll (Marshall Islands)
  Assigned code:
  [poxe] Marshall Islands
• Bioco (Equatorial Guinea)
  USE Fernando Po (Equatorial Guinea)
• Bioko (Equatorial Guinea)
  USE Fernando Po (Equatorial Guinea)
• Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea)
  Assigned code:
  [a-pp] Papua New Guinea
• Bjørnøya (Norway)
  USE Bear Island (Norway)
• Black Sea [mb]
• Blue Ridge Mountains
  Assigned code:
  [n-usa] Appalachian Mountains
• Bo Hai (China) [a-ccp]
  UF Bohai (China : Gulf)
  Chihli, Gulf of (China)
  Po Gulf (China)
  Po Hai (China)
• Bohai (China : Gulf)
  USE Bo Hai (China)
• Bolivia [s-bo]
• Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles) [nwbn]
  [Coded [nwco] (Curaçao) before Sept. 200]
• Bophuthatswana (South Africa)
  Assigned code:
  [f-sa] South Africa
• Borneo [a-bn]
• Bosnia and Hercegovina [e-bn]
  [Coded [e-yu] (Yugoslavia) before Oct. 1992]
• Botswana [f-bs]
  UF Bechuanaland
• Bougainville Island (Papua New Guinea)
  Assigned code:
  [a-pp] Papua New Guinea
• Bouvet Island [lsbv]
• Brazil [s-bl]
• Brazzaville
  USE Congo (Brazzaville)
• British Columbia [n-cn-bc]
• British Commonwealth countries
  USE Commonwealth countries
• British Dominions
  USE Commonwealth countries
• British East Africa
  USE Africa, East
• British Guiana
  USE Guyana
• British Honduras
  USE Belize
• British Indian Ocean Territory [i-bi]
  UF Chagos Islands
  Indian Ocean Territory, British
• British Isles
  Assigned codes:
  [e-uk] Great Britain
  [e-ie] Ireland
• British North Borneo
  USE Sabah
• British Solomon Islands
  USE Solomon Islands
• British Somaliland
  USE Somalia
• British Togoland
  USE Togoland (British)
• British Virgin Islands [nwvb]
  UF Virgin Islands
  Virgin Islands, British
  Virgin Islands (Great Britain)
  Virgin Islands (Presidency)
• British West Africa
  USE Africa, West
• Brownsea Island (England)
  Assigned code:
  [e-uk-en] England
• Brunei [a-bx]
• Bulgaria [e-bu]
  UF People's Republic of Bulgaria
• Burkina Faso [f-uv]
  UF Upper Volta
• Burma [a-br]
  UF Myanmar
• Burundi [f-bd]
  UF German East Africa
• Byelorussian S.S.R.
  USE Belarus
• Byzantine Empire
  Assigned code:
  [mm] Mediterranean Region

C

• Cabo Verde
  USE Cape Verde
• Caicos Islands
  USE Turks and Caicos Islands
• Calf of Man (Isle of Man)
  Assigned code:
  [e-uk-ui] Great Britain Miscellaneous Island Dependencies
• California [n-us-ca]
• Cambodia [a-cb]
  UF Kampuchea
  Khmer Republic
• Cameroon [f-cm]
  UF Cameroons, French
  Cameroons, Southern
  Cameroun
  French Cameroons
  Southern Cameroons
• Cameroons, French
  USE Cameroon
• Cameroons, Southern
  USE Cameroon
• Cameroun
  USE Cameroon
• Canada [n-cn]
• Canada, Eastern
  Assigned code:
  [n-cn] Canada
  UF Eastern Canada
• Canada, Northern
  Assigned code:
  [n-cn] Canada
  UF Northern Canada
• Canada, Western
  Assigned code:
  [n-cn-bc] British Columbia
  [n-cnp] Prairie Provinces
  UF Western Canada
• Canadian Northwest
  USE Northwest, Canadian
• Canal Zone [nccz]
  UF Panama Canal Zone
• Canary Islands [lnca]
• Canton and Enderbury Islands
  Assigned code:
  [pokb] Kiribati
  UF Enderbury and Canton Islands
• Cape Verde [lncv]
  UF Cabo Verde
  Republic of Cape Verde
• Caribbean Area [cc]
  UF Caribbean Sea Region
  Circumcaribbean
• Caribbean Island Dependencies of the United States
  USE United States Miscellaneous Caribbean Islands
• Caribbean Sea [cc]
• Caribbean Sea Region
  USE Caribbean Area
• Caroline Islands [poci]
• Carpathian Mountains
  Assigned code:
  [ee] Europe, Eastern
• Carpentaria, Gulf of (N.T. and Qld.)
  Assigned code:
  [u-at-no] Northern Territory
  UF Gulf of Carpentaria (N.T. and Qld.)
• Carpentaria, Gulf of (N.T. and Qld.)
  Assigned code:
  [u-at-qn] Queensland
  UF Gulf of Carpentaria (N.T. and Qld.)
• Caspian Sea [ak]
• Caucasus [e-urk]
• Caucasus, Northern (Russia) [e-urr]
  UF North Caucasus (Russia)
  Northern Caucasus (Russia)
• Cayman Islands [nwcj]
• Celebes (Indonesia)
  Assigned code:
  [a-io] Indonesia
  UF Sulawesi (Indonesia)
• Central Africa
  USE Africa, Central
• Central African Empire
  USE Central African Republic
• Central African Republic [f-cx]
  UF Central African Empire
  Ubangi Shari
• Central America [nc]
  UF America, Central
  Middle America
• Central Asia
  USE Asia, Central
• Central Australia [u-atc]
  [Coded [u-at] (Australia) before September 2005]
  UF Australia, Central
• Central Black Earth Region (Russia)
  USE Central Chernozem Region (Russia)
• Central Black Soil Region (Russia)
  USE Central Chernozem Region (Russia)
• Central Chernozem Region (Russia) [e-urc]
  UF Central Black Earth Region (Russia)
  Central Black Soil Region (Russia)
• Central Europe
  USE Europe, Central
• Ceuta (Spain)
  Assigned code:
  [f-sh] Spanish North Africa
• Ceylon
  USE Sri Lanka
• Ch'ung-ch'ing shih (China)
  USE Chongqing (China)
• Chad [f-cd]
• Chad, Lake
  Assigned code:
  [fq] Africa, French-speaking Equatorial
• Chagos Islands
  USE British Indian Ocean Territory
• Chang Chiang (China)
  USE Yangtze River (China)
• Channel Islands
  Assigned code:
  [e-uk-ui] Great Britain Miscellaneous Island Dependencies
• Chekiang Province (China)
  USE Zhejiang Sheng (China)
• Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.)
  Assigned codes:
  [n-us-md] Maryland
  [n-us-va] Virginia
• Chihli, Gulf of (China)
  USE Bo Hai (China)
• Chile [s-cl]
• China [a-cc]
  UF Mainland China
  People's Republic of China
• Chishima-retto (Russia)
  USE Russia (Federation)
• Chongqing (China) [a-cc-cq]
  [Coded [a-cc-sz] (Szechuan Province (China)) before Sept. 2000]
  UF Ch'ung-ch'ing shih (China)
  Chungking (China)
• Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) [i-xa]
• Christmas Island (Pacific Ocean)
  USE Kiritimati (Kiribati)
• Chungking (China)
  USE Chongqing (China)
• Chuuk (Micronesia)
  Assigned code:
  [pomi] Micronesia (Federated States)
  UF Truk (Micronesia)
• Circumcaribbean
  USE Caribbean Area
• Cocos (Keeling) Islands [i-xb]
  UF Keeling Islands
• Cold regions [q]
• Colombia [s-ck]
• Colorado [n-us-co]
• Colorado River (Colo.-Mexico)
  Assigned codes:
  [n-mx] Mexico
  [n-usp] West (U.S.)
• Colorado River Delta (Mexico)
  Assigned code:
  [n-mx] Mexico
• Commonwealth countries [b]
  UF British Commonwealth countries
  British Dominions
  Commonwealth nations
• Commonwealth nations
  USE Commonwealth countries
• Commonwealth of Independent States countries
  USE Soviet Union
• Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
  USE Mariana Islands
• Communauté francaise
  USE French Community
• Communist countries
  Assigned codes:
  [ee] Europe, Eastern
  [e-ur] Soviet Union
• Comoro Islands
  USE Comoros
• Comoros [i-cq]
  UF Comoro Islands
  Îles Comores
• Confederate States of America
  Assigned code:
  [n-usu] Southern States
• Congo (Brazzaville) [f-cf]
  UF Brazzaville
  French Congo
  Middle Congo
• Congo (Democratic Republic) [f-cg]
  UF Belgian Congo
  Congo (Kinshasa)
  Congo (Leopoldville)
  Zaire
• Congo (Kingdom)
  USE Kongo Kingdom
• Congo (Kinshasa)
  USE Congo (Democratic Republic)
• Congo (Leopoldville)
  USE Congo (Democratic Republic)
• Congo River [fg]
• Connecticut [n-us-ct]
• Cook Islands [pocw]
• Coral Sea Islands [u-cs]
• Corsica (France)
  Assigned code:
  [e-fr] France
• Costa Rica [nccr]
• Côte d'Ivoire [f-iv]
  UF Ivory Coast
• Crete (Greece)
  Assigned code:
  [e-gr] Greece
• Croatia [e-ci]
  [Coded [e-yu] (Yugoslavia) before Oct. 1992]]
  UF People's Republic of Croatia
• Cuba [nwcu]
• Cumberland Mountains
  Assigned code:
  [n-usu] Southern States
• Curaçao (Netherlands Antilles) [nwco]
• Cyprus [a-cy]
• Czech Republic [e-xr]
  [Coded [e-cs] (Czechoslovakia) before May 1993]
  UF Czech Socialist Republic (Czechoslovakia)
• Czech Socialist Republic (Czechoslovakia)
  USE Czech Republic
• Czechoslovakia [e-cs]
  [Includes the Czech Republic and Slovakia treated collectively]

D

• D'Entrecasteaux Islands (Papua New Guinea)
  Assigned code:
  [a-pp] Papua New Guinea
• Dahomey
  USE Benin
• Danube River [eo]
• Deep space [zd]
• Delaware [n-us-de]
• Democratic German Republic
  USE Germany (East)
• Denmark [e-dk]
• Desolation Islands
  USE Kerguelen Islands
• Developed countries [dd]
  UF Advanced countries
  Economically advanced countries
  First World
  Industrialized countries
• Developing countries [d]
  UF Emerging nations
  Third World
  Underdeveloped areas
• Diego Garcia (British Indian Ocean Territory)
  Assigned code:
  [i-bi] British Indian Ocean Territory
• District of Columbia
  USE Washington (D.C.)
• Djibouti [f-ft]
  UF Afars and Issas, French Territory of the
  French Somaliland
  French Territory of the Afars and Issas
  Somaliland, French
• Dodekanesos (Greece)
  Assigned code:
  [e-gr] Greece
• Dominica [nwdq]
• Dominican Republic [nwdr]
• Dubai
  USE Dubayy (United Arab Emirates : Emirate)
• Dubayy (United Arab Emirates : Emirate)
  Assigned code:
  [a-ts] United Arab Emirates
  UF Dubai
• Dutch East Indies
  USE Indonesia
• Dutch Guiana
  USE Suriname
• Dutch West Indies
  USE Netherlands Antilles
• Dza-chu
  USE Mekong River

E

• Earth [x]
• East
  USE Orient
• East (Far East)
  USE East Asia
• East (Near East)
  USE Middle East
• East (U.S.) [n-usr]
• East Africa
  USE Africa, East
• East Africa Protectorate
  USE Kenya
• East Africa, Portuguese German East Africa
  USE Mozambique
• East African Horn
  USE Africa, Northeast
• East Asia [ae]
  UF Asia, East
  East (Far East)
  Far East
• East Berlin
  USE Berlin (Germany)
• East China Sea [an]
• East Germany
  USE Germany (East)
• East Indies
  Assigned code:
  [as] Southeast Asia
  UF Indies, East
• East Indies
  Assigned code:
  [az] South Asia
  UF Indies, East
• East Pakistan (Pakistan)
  USE Bangladesh
• East Siberian Region (Russia)
  USE Siberia, Eastern (Russia)
• East Timor [a-em]
  [Coded [a-pt] (Portuguese Timor) before April 21, 1980; coded [a-io] (Indonesia) from 1980-Sept. 2002]]
  UF Portuguese Timor
  Timor, East
  Timor, Portuguese
  Timor Timur
• Easter Island [poea]
  UF Isla de Pascua
  Pascua Island
• Eastern Africa
  USE Africa, Eastern
• Eastern Australia [u-ate]
  [Coded [u-at] (Australia) before September 2005]
  UF Australia, Eastern
• Eastern Canada
  USE Canada, Eastern
• Eastern Europe
  USE Europe, Eastern
• Eastern Hemisphere [xa]
• Eastern Mediterranean
  USE Middle East
• Eastern Samar (Philippines)
  Assigned code:
  [a-ph] Philippines
• Eastern Siberia (Russia)
  USE Siberia, Eastern (Russia)
• Economically advanced countries
  USE Developed countries
• Ecuador [s-ec]
• Egypt [f-ua]
• Eire
  USE Ireland
• El Salvador [nces]
  UF Salvador
• Ellice Islands
  USE Tuvalu
• Emerging nations
  USE Developing countries
• Enderbury and Canton Islands
  USE Canton and Enderbury Islands
• England [e-uk-en]
• English Channel
  Assigned code:
  [ln] North Atlantic Ocean
• Equator
  Assigned code:
  [w] Tropics
• Equatorial Guinea [f-eg]
  UF Guinea, Equatorial
  Guinea, Spanish
  Río Muni
  Spanish Guinea
• Eritrea [f-ea]
  [Coded [f-et] (Ethiopia) before Nov. 1993]
• Estonia [e-er]
  [Coded [e-ur-er] (Estonia) before June 1998]
• Ethiopia [f-et]
  UF Abyssinia
• Eurasia [me]
  UF Asia and Europe (treated collectively)
  Europe and Asia (treated collectively)
• Europe [e]
• Europe and Asia (treated collectively)
  USE Eurasia
• Europe, Central [ec]
  UF Central Europe
  Europe, East Central
• Europe, East Central
  USE Europe, Central
• Europe, Eastern [ee]
  UF Eastern Europe
  Europe, East Central
• Europe, Northern [en]
  UF Northern Europe
• Europe, Southeastern
  USE Balkan Peninsula
• Europe, Southern [es]
  UF Southern Europe
• Europe, Western [ew]
  UF Western Europe
• European Economic Community countries
  Assigned code:
  [e] Europe
• European Union countries
  Assigned code:
  [e] Europe

F

• Faeroe Islands
  USE Faroe Islands
• Falkland Islands [lsfk]
  UF Malvinas Islands
• Far East
  USE East Asia
• Far East (Russia)
  USE Russian Far East (Russia)
• Far Eastern Region (Russia)
  USE Russian Far East (Russia)
• Far West (U.S.)
  USE West (U.S.)
• Faroe Islands [lnfa]
  UF Faeroe Islands
• Federal Capital Territory
  USE Australian Capital Territory
• Federal German Republic
  USE Germany (West)
• Federated States of Micronesia
  USE Micronesia (Federated States)
• Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
  USE Rhodesia and Nyasaland
• Federation of South Arabia
  Assigned code:
  [a-ye] Yemen (Republic)
  UF South Arabia, Federation of
• Fernando Po (Equatorial Guinea)
  Assigned code:
  [f-eg] Equatorial Guinea
  UF Bioco (Equatorial Guinea)
  Bioko (Equatorial Guinea)
  Macias Nguema (Equatorial Guinea)
• Fiji [pofj]
• Finland [e-fi]
• First World
  USE Developed countries
• Florida [n-us-fl]
• Former Soviet republics
  USE Soviet Union
• Former Yugoslav republics
  USE Yugoslavia
• Formosa
  USE Taiwan
• France [e-fr]
• French Cameroons
  USE Cameroon
• French Community [h]
  UF Communauté francaise
  French Union
• French Congo
  USE Congo (Brazzaville)
• French Equatorial Africa
  USE Africa, French-speaking Equatorial
• French Guiana [s-fg]
  UF Guiana, French
• French Guinea
  USE Guinea
• French India
  Assigned code:
  [a-ii] India
  UF India, French
• French Indochina
  USE Indochina
• French Morocco
  USE Morocco
• French Polynesia [pofp]
  UF Oceania, French
  Polynesia, French
• French Somaliland
  USE Djibouti
• French Southern and Antarctic Lands
  USE Terres australes et antarctiques françaises
• French Southern Indian Ocean Islands
  USE Terres australes et antarctiques françaises
• French Sudan
  USE Mali
• French Territory of the Afars and Issas
  USE Djibouti
• French Togoland
  USE Togo
• French Union
  USE French Community
• French West Africa
  USE Africa, French-speaking West
• French West Indies
  USE West Indies, French
• French-speaking Equatorial Africa
  USE Africa, French-speaking Equatorial
• French-speaking West Africa
  USE Africa, French-speaking West
• Friendly Islands
  USE Tonga
• Froides, Îles
  USE Prince Edward Islands
• Frostbelt (U.S.)
  USE Snowbelt States
• Fujian Sheng (China) [a-cc-fu]
  UF Fukien Province (China)
• Fukien Province (China)
  USE Fujian Sheng (China)
• Fundy, Bay of
  Assigned code:
  [ln] North Atlantic Ocean
  UF Bay of Fundy
• Futuna Islands (Wallis and Futuna Islands)
  Assigned code:
  [powf] Wallis and Futuna Islands

G

• Gabon [f-go]
• Galapagos Islands [pogg]
• Gambia [f-gm]
• Gambier Islands (French Polynesia)
  Assigned code:
  [pofp] French Polynesia
• Gansu Sheng (China) [a-cc-ka]
  UF Kansu Province (China)
• Gaza Strip [awgz]
• Georges Bank
  Assigned code:
  [ln] North Atlantic Ocean
• Georgia [n-us-ga]
• Georgia (Republic) [a-gs]
  [Coded [e-ur-gs] (Georgia (Republic)) before June 1998]
  UF Georgia (Soviet Union)
  Georgian S.S.R.
• Georgia (Soviet Union)
  USE Georgia (Republic)
• Georgian S.S.R.
  USE Georgia (Republic)
• German Democratic Republic
  USE Germany (East)
• German East Africa
  USE Burundi
• German Federal Republic
  USE Germany (West)
• Germany [e-gx]
  [For Germany as a whole regardless of time period; includes Germany (East) and Germany (West) as a whole between 1949 and 1990]]
• Germany (East) [e-ge]
  [For the eastern part of Germany before 1949 or after 1990 and for the German Democratic Republic between 1949-1990]]
  UF Democratic German Republic
  East Germany
  German Democratic Republic
  Germany, Eastern
• Germany (West) [e-gw]
  [For the western part of Germany before 1949 or after 1990 and for the Federal Republic of Germany between 1949-1990]
  UF Federal German Republic
  German Federal Republic
  Germany, Western
  West Germany
• Germany, Eastern
  USE Germany (East)
• Germany, Northern
  Assigned code:
  [e-gx] Germany
  UF Northern Germany
• Germany, Southern
  Assigned code:
  [e-gx] Germany
  UF Southern Germany
• Germany, Western
  USE Germany (West)
• Ghana [f-gh]
  UF Ashanti
  Gold Coast
• Ghana (Empire)
  Assigned code:
  [fw] Africa, West
• Gibraltar [e-gi]
• Gibraltar, Strait of
  Assigned codes:
  [e-gi] Gibraltar
  [mm] Mediterranean Sea
  UF Strait of Gibraltar
• Gilbert Islands
  USE Kiribati
• Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony
  Assigned codes:
  [pokb] Kiribati
  [potv] Tuvalu
• Gold Coast
  USE Ghana
• Great Barrier Reef (Qld.)
  Assigned code:
  [u-at-qn] Queensland
• Great Basin
  Assigned code:
  [n-usp] West (U.S.)
• Great Britain [e-uk]
  UF United Kingdom
• Great Britain Miscellaneous Island Dependencies [e-uk-ui]
  UF Island Dependencies of Great Britain
  United Kingdom Miscellaneous Island Dependencies
• Great Lakes (North America) [nl]
• Great Lakes States
  USE Lake States
• Great Plains [np]
• Great Rift Valley [fr]
  UF Rift Valley
• Greater Antilles
  USE West Indies
• Greece [e-gr]
• Greenland [n-gl]
• Grenada [nwgd]
• Grenadines (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada)
  Assigned codes:
  [nwgd] Grenada
  [nwxm] Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
• Guadalcanal (Solomon Islands)
  Assigned code:
  [pobp] Solomon Islands
• Guadeloupe [nwgp]
• Guam [pogu]
• Guangdong Sheng (China) [a-cc-kn]
  UF Kwangtung Province (China)
• Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu (China) [a-cc-kc]
  UF Kuang-hsi Chuang tsu tzu chih ch'ü (China)
  Kwangsi Chuang Autonomous Region
• Guatemala [ncgt]
• Guernsey (Channel Islands)
  Assigned code:
  [e-uk-ui] Great Britain Miscellaneous Island Dependencies
• Guiana, British
  USE Guyana
• Guiana, Dutch
  USE Suriname
• Guiana, French
  USE French Guiana
• Guinea [f-gv]
  UF French Guinea
  Guinea, French
  Guinée
  Republique de Guinée
• Guinea, Equatorial
  USE Equatorial Guinea
• Guinea, French
  USE Guinea
• Guinea, Gulf of
  Assigned code:
  [ls] South Atlantic Ocean
  UF Gulf of Guinea
• Guinea, Portuguese
  USE Guinea-Bissau
• Guinea, Spanish
  USE Equatorial Guinea
• Guinea-Bissau [f-pg]
  UF Guinea, Portuguese
  Portuguese Guinea
• Guinée
  USE Guinea
• Guizhou Sheng (China) [a-cc-kw]
  UF Kweichow Province (China)
• Gulf States
  Assigned code:
  [n-usu] Southern States
• Gulf of Aden
  USE Aden, Gulf of
• Gulf of Alaska (Alaska)
  USE Alaska, Gulf of (Alaska)
• Gulf of Aqaba
  USE Aqaba, Gulf of
• Gulf of Carpentaria (N.T. and Qld.)
  USE Carpentaria, Gulf of (N.T. and Qld.)
• Gulf of Guinea
  USE Guinea, Gulf of
• Gulf of Mexico
  USE Mexico, Gulf of
• Gulf of Oman
  USE Oman, Gulf of
• Gulf of Thailand
  USE Thailand, Gulf of
• Guyana [s-gy]
  UF British Guiana
  Guiana, British

H

• Hainan Island (China)
  USE Hainan Sheng (China)
• Hainan Province (China)
  USE Hainan Sheng (China)
• Hainan Sheng (China) [a-cc-ha]
  [Coded [a-cc-kn] (Kwangtung Province (China)) before June 1998]
  UF Hainan Island (China)
  Hainan Province (China)
• Haiti [nwht]
• Hawaii [n-us-hi]
• Heard Island (Heard and McDonald Islands)
  Assigned code:
  [i-hm] Heard and McDonald Islands
• Heard and McDonald Islands [i-hm]
• Hebei Sheng (China) [a-cc-hp]
  UF Ho-pei sheng (China)
  Hopeh Province (China)
• Hei Ho (China and Russia)
  USE Amur River (China and Russia)
• Heilong Jiang (China and Russia)
  USE Amur River (China and Russia)
• Heilongjiang Sheng (China) [a-cc-he]
  UF Heilungkiang Province (China)
• Heilungkiang Province (China)
  USE Heilongjiang Sheng (China)
• Henan Sheng (China) [a-cc-ho]
  UF Honan Province (China)
• Himalaya Mountains [ah]
• Hispaniola [nwhi]
• Ho-pei sheng (China)
  USE Hebei Sheng (China)
• Hoang Ho (China)
  USE Yellow River (China)
• Holland
  USE Netherlands
• Holy Roman Empire
  Assigned code:
  [e] Europe
• Holy See
  USE Vatican City
• Homelands (South Africa)
  Assigned code:
  [f-sa] South Africa
• Honan Province (China)
  USE Henan Sheng (China)
• Honduras [ncho]
• Hong Kong
  USE Hong Kong (China)
• Hong Kong (China) [a-cc-hk]
  [Coded [a-hk] (Hong Kong) before June 1998]
  UF Hong Kong
  Hong Kong (China : Special Administrative Region)
• Hong Kong (China : Special Administrative Region)
  USE Hong Kong (China)
• Hopeh Province (China)
  USE Hebei Sheng (China)
• Hoàng Sa
  USE Paracel Islands
• Hsi Chiang (China)
  USE Xi River (China)
• Hsi-sha Islands
  USE Paracel Islands
• Hsin-chiang-wei-wy-erh tzu chin chű (China)
  USE Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (China)
• Hu-pei (China)
  USE Hubei Sheng (China)
• Huang Hai
  USE Yellow Sea
• Huang Ho (China)
  USE Yellow River (China)
• Hubei Sheng (China) [a-cc-hh]
  UF Hu-pei (China)
  Hupeh Province (China)
• Hudson Bay [n-cnh]
• Hunan Province (China)
  USE Hunan Sheng (China)
• Hunan Sheng (China) [a-cc-hu]
  UF Hunan Province (China)
• Hungary [e-hu]
• Hupeh Province (China)
  USE Hubei Sheng (China)
• Huthera (Tanzania)
  USE Pemba Island (Tanzania)
• Hwang Ho (China)
  USE Yellow River (China)

I

• IÀkutskaíà A.S.S.R. (Russia)
  USE Sakha (Russia)
• Iberian Peninsula
  Assigned codes:
  [e-po] Portugal
  [e-sp] Spain
• Iceland [e-ic]
• Idaho [n-us-id]
• Ifni
  Assigned code:
  [f-mr] Morocco
• Îles Comores
  USE Comoros
• Îles Froides
  USE Prince Edward Islands
• Îles Kerguélen
  USE Kerguelen Islands
• Îles Marquises de Mendoça (French Polynesia)
  USE Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia)
• Îles Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
  USE Saint Pierre and Miquelon
• Illinois [n-us-il]
• India [a-ii]
• India, French
  USE French India
• Indian Ocean [i]
• Indian Ocean Islands, French
  USE Terres australes et antarctiques françaises
• Indian Ocean Territory, British
  USE British Indian Ocean Territory
• Indian Territory
  Assigned code:
  [n-us-ok] Oklahoma
• Indiana [n-us-in]
• Indies, East
  USE East Indies
• Indies, East
  USE East Indies
• Indies, West
  USE West Indies
• Indochina [ai]
  UF French Indochina
• Indonesia [a-io]
  UF Sunda Islands, Lesser (Indonesia and East Timor)
  Dutch East Indies
  Netherlands East Indies
• Industrialized countries
  USE Developed countries
• Inner Mongolia (China) [a-cc-im]
  UF Mongolia (Inner Mongolia)
• Intercontinental areas (Eastern Hemisphere) [m]
• Intercontinental areas (Western Hemisphere) [c]
• Iowa [n-us-ia]
• Iran [a-ir]
  UF Persia
• Iraq [a-iq]
• Ireland [e-ie]
  UF Eire
  Ireland (Eire)
  Irish Republic
  Republic of Ireland
• Ireland (Eire)
  USE Ireland
• Ireland, Northern
  USE Northern Ireland
• Irian Barat (Indonesia)
  USE Papua (Indonesia)
• Irian Jaya (Indonesia)
  USE Papua (Indonesia)
• Irish Republic
  USE Ireland
• Irish Sea
  Assigned code:
  [ln] North Atlantic Ocean
• Isla de Pascua
  USE Easter Island
• Islamic Empire
  Assigned codes:
  [ff] Africa, North
  [aw] Middle East
  [e-sp] Spain
• Islamic countries
  Assigned codes:
  [f] Africa
  [a] Asia
• Island Dependencies of Great Britain
  USE Great Britain Miscellaneous Island Dependencies
• Island Dependencies of the United States in the Caribbean
  USE United States Miscellaneous Caribbean Islands
• Island Dependencies of the United States in the Pacific
  USE United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands
• Islands of the Aegean
  USE Aegean Islands (Greece and Turkey)
• Islands of the Atlantic
  Assigned code:
  [l] Atlantic Ocean
• Islands of the Indian Ocean
  Assigned code:
  [i] Indian Ocean
• Islands of the Mediterranean
  Assigned code:
  [mm] Mediterranean Sea
• Islands of the South China Sea
  Assigned code:
  [ao] South China Sea
• Islas Marquesas de Mendoza (French Polynesia)
  USE Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia)
• Isle of Man
  Assigned code:
  [e-uk-ui] Great Britain Miscellaneous Island Dependencies
  UF Man, Isle of
• Isle of Wight (England)
  Assigned code:
  [e-uk-en] England
  UF Wight, Isle of
• Israel [a-is]
• Italian East Africa
  USE Africa, Northeast
• Italian Somaliland
  USE Somalia
• Italy [e-it]
• Ivory Coast
  USE Côte d'Ivoire

J

• Jamaica [nwjm]
• Jammu and Kashmir (India)
  Assigned code:
  [a-ii] India
  UF Kashmir
  Kashmir and Jammu (India)
• Jan Mayen Island [lnjn]
• Japan [a-ja]
  UF Ryukyu Islands, Southern
• Java (Indonesia)
  Assigned code:
  [a-io] Indonesia
• Jersey (Channel Islands)
  Assigned code:
  [e-uk-ui] Great Britain Miscellaneous Island Dependencies
• Jerusalem
  Assigned code:
  [a-is] Israel
  [awba] West Bank
• Jiangsu Sheng (China) [a-cc-ku]
  UF Kiangsu Province (China)
• Jiangxi Sheng (China) [a-cc-ki]
  UF Kiangsi Province (China)
• Jilin Sheng (China) [a-cc-kr]
  UF Kirin Province (China)
• Johnston Island [poji]
• Jordan [a-jo]
  UF Transjordan
• Judaea and Samaria
  USE West Bank
• Jupiter (Planet) [zju]

K

• Kalimantan Barat (Indonesia)
  Assigned code:
  [a-io] Indonesia
• Kampuchea
  USE Cambodia
• Kansas [n-us-ks]
• Kansu Province (China)
  USE Gansu Sheng (China) [a-cc-ka]
• Kashmir
  USE Azad Kashmir
• Kashmir and Jammu (India)
  USE Jammu and Kashmir (India)
• Kazakh S.S.R.
  USE Kazakhstan
• Kazakhstan [a-kz]
  [Coded [e-ur-kz] (Kazakhstan) before June 1998]
  UF Kazakh S.S.R.
  Kazakstan
• Kazakstan
  USE Kazakhstan
• Keeling Islands
  USE Cocos (Keeling) Islands
• Kentucky [n-us-ky]
• Kenya [f-ke]
  UF East Africa Protectorate
• Kerguelen Islands
  Assigned code:
  [i-fs] Terres australes et antarctiques françaises
  UF Desolation Islands
  Îles Kerguélen
• Kermadec Islands [poki]
• Khmer Republic
  USE Cambodia
• Kiangsi Province (China)
  USE Jiangxi Sheng (China)
• Kiangsu Province (China)
  USE Jiangsu Sheng (China)
• Kievan Rus
  Assigned codes:
  [e-bw] Belarus
  [e-ru] Russia (Federation)
  [e-un] Ukraine
• Kirghiz S.S.R.
  USE Kyrgyzstan
• Kiribati [pokb]
  [Coded [pogn] (Gilbert and Ellice Islands) or [poln] (Line Islands) before Mar. 1988]
  UF Gilbert Islands
• Kirin Province (China)
  USE Jilin Sheng (China)
• Kiritimati (Kiribati)
  Assigned code:
  [pokb] Kiribati
  UF Christmas Island (Pacific Ocean)
• Kongo Kingdom
  Assigned codes:
  [f-ao] Angola
  [f-cf] Congo (Brazzaville)
  [f-cg] Congo (Democratic Republic)
  UF Congo (Kingdom)
• Korea [a-kr]
• Korea (North) [a-kn]
  UF Korean People's Republic
  North Korea
• Korea (Republic)
  USE Korea (South)
• Korea (South) [a-ko]
  UF Korea (Republic)
  South Korea
• Korean People's Republic
  USE Korea (North)
• Kosovo [e-kv]
  [Coded [e-rb] (Serbia) before May 2008 and [e-yu] (Serbia and Montenegro) before April 2007]
• Kosrae (Micronesia)
  Assigned code:
  [pomi] Micronesia (Federated States)
  UF Kusaie (Micronesia)
• Kuang-hsi Chuang tsu tzu chih ch'ü (China)
  USE Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu (China)
• Kunlun Mountains (China and India) [a-cck]
  UF Kwenlun Mountains
• Kuril Islands (Russia) [e-ru]
  [Coded [e-ur-ru] (Russia Federation) before June 1998]
  UF Chishima-retto (Russia)
  Kurile Islands (Russia)
  Kuril'skie ostrova (Russia)
  R.S.F.S.R.
  Russian Republic
  Russian S.F.S.R.
  Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic
• Kuril'skie ostrova (Russia)
  USE Russia (Federation)
• Kurile Islands (Russia)
  USE Russia (Federation)
• Kusaie (Micronesia)
  USE Kosrae (Micronesia)
• Kuwait [a-ku]
• Kwang Sea
  USE Yellow Sea
• Kwangsi Chuang Autonomous Region
  USE Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu (China)
• Kwangtung Province (China)
  USE Guangdong Sheng (China)
• Kweichow Province (China)
  USE Guizhou Sheng (China)
• Kwenlun Mountains
  USE Kunlun Mountains (China and India)
• Kyrgyzstan [a-kg]
  [Coded [e-ur-kg] (Kyrgystan) before June 1998]
  UF Kirghiz S.S.R.

L

• La Plata River (Argentina and Uruguay)
  USE Rio de la Plata (Argentina and Uruguay)
• Labrador (N.L.)
  Assigned code:
  [n-cn-nf] Newfoundland and Labrador
• Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindivi Islands (India)
  USE Lakshadweep (India)
• Lake States [nl]
  UF Great Lakes States
• Lakshadweep (India)
  Assigned code:
  [a-ii] India
  UF Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindivi Islands (India)
• Lan-ts'ang Chiang
  USE Mekong River
• Lancang Jiang
  USE Mekong River
• Laos [a-ls]
• Lapland
  Assigned codes:
  [e-fi] Finland
  [e-no] Norway
  [e-sw] Sweden
• Latin America [cl]
  UF Neotropics
• Latin Orient
  Assigned code:
  [aw] Middle East
• Latvia [e-lv]
  [Coded [e-ur-lv] (Latvia) before June 1998]
• Lebanon [a-le]
• Leeward Islands (West Indies) [nwli]
• Lesotho [f-lo]
  UF Basutoland
• Lesser Antilles
  USE Antilles, Lesser
• Lesser Sunda Islands (Indonesia and East Timor)
  Assigned codes:
  [a-em] East Timor
  [a-io] Indonesia
  UF Sunda Islands, Lesser (Indonesia and East Timor)
• Levant
  USE Middle East
• Liaoning Province (China)
  USE Liaoning Sheng (China)
• Liaoning Sheng (China) [a-cc-lp]
  UF Liaoning Province (China)
• Liberia [f-lb]
• Libya [f-ly]
• Liechtenstein [e-lh]
• Line Islands [poln]
• Lithuania [e-li]
  [Coded [e-ur-li] (Lithuania) before March 1998]
• Long River (China)
  USE Yangtze River (China)
• Louisiade Archipelago (Papua New Guinea)
  Assigned code:
  [a-pp] Papua New Guinea
• Louisiana [n-us-la]
• Low countries
  USE Benelux countries
• Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia)
  Assigned code:
  [ponl] New Caledonia
• Luxembourg [e-lu]
• Luzon (Philippines)
  Assigned code:
  [a-ph] Philippines

M

• Macao
  USE Macau (China : Special Administrative Region)
• Macau (China : Special Administrative Region) [a-cc-mh]
  [Coded [a-mh] (Macao) before May 29, 2000]
  UF Macao
• Macedonia
  Assigned codes:
  [e-bu] Bulgaria
  [e-gr] Greece
  [e-xn] Macedonia (Republic)]
• Macedonia (Bulgaria)
  Assigned code:
  [e-bu] Bulgaria
• Macedonia (Greece)
  Assigned code:
  [e-gr] Greece
• Macedonia (Republic)] [e-xn]
  [Coded [e-yu] (Yugoslavia) before Oct. 1992]
• Macias Nguema (Equatorial Guinea)
  USE Fernando Po (Equatorial Guinea)
• Madagascar [f-mg]
  UF Malagasy Republic
• Madeira Islands [lnma]
• Madura Island (Indonesia)
  Assigned code:
  [a-io] Indonesia
• Maine [n-us-me]
• Mainland China
  USE China
• Malagasy Republic
  USE Madagascar
• Malawi [f-mw]
  UF Nyasaland
• Malay Archipelago
  Assigned code:
  [as] Southeast Asia
• Malay Peninsula
  Assigned code:
  [a-th] Thailand
  [am] Malaya
• Malaya [am]
• Malaysia [a-my]
• Maldives [i-xc]
• Mali [f-ml]
  UF French Sudan
  Sudan, French
• Mali (Empire)
  Assigned code:
  [fw] Africa, West
• Malta [e-mm]
• Maluku (Indonesia)
  Assigned code:
  [a-io] Indonesia
  UF Moluccas (Indonesia)
• Malvinas Islands
  USE Falkland Islands
• Man, Isle of
  USE Isle of Man
• Manchuria (China)
  Assigned code:
  [a-cc] China
• Manitoba [n-cn-mb]
• Mariana Islands [poxd]
  UF Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
  Northern Mariana Islands
• Marie-Galante (Guadeloupe)
  Assigned code:
  [nwgp] Guadeloupe
• Maritime Provinces [n-cnm]
• Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia)
  Assigned code:
  [pofp] French Polynesia
  UF Archipel des Marquises (French Polynesia)
  Îles Marquises de Mendoça (French Polynesia)
  Islas Marquesas de Mendoza (French Polynesia)
  Mendaña (French Polynesia)
• Mars (Planet) [zma]
  UF Red Planet
• Marshall Islands [poxe]
• Martinique [nwmq]
• Maryland [n-us-md]
• Massachusetts [n-us-ma]
• Mauritania [f-mu]
• Mauritius [i-mf]
• Mayotte [i-my]
  [Coded [i-cq] (Comoros) before Mar. 1988]
• McDonald Island (Heard and McDonald Islands)
  Assigned code:
  [i-hm] Heard and McDonald Islands
• Mediterranean Region [mm]
• Mediterranean Region, Eastern
  USE Middle East
• Mediterranean Sea [mm]
• Mekong River [ag]
  UF Dza-chu
  Lan-ts'ang Chiang
  Lancang Jiang
  Song Tíên Giang
• Melanesia [pome]
• Melilla (Spain)
  Assigned code:
  [f-sh] Spanish North Africa
• Mendaña (French Polynesia)
  USE Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia)
• Mercury (Planet) [zme]
• Mexico [n-mx]
  UF Middle America
• Mexico, Gulf of [nm]
  UF Gulf of Mexico
• Michigan [n-us-mi]
• Micronesia [pott]
• Micronesia (Federated States) [pomi]
  [Coded [pott] (Micronesia) before Mar. 1988]
  UF Federated States of Micronesia
• Middle America
  USE Central America
• Middle Atlantic States [n-usl]
  UF Middle States
• Middle Congo
  USE Congo (Brazzaville)
• Middle East [aw]
  UF Asia, Southwestern
  Asia, Western
  East (Near East)
  Eastern Mediterranean
  Levant
  Mediterranean Region, Eastern
  Mideast
  Near East
• Middle States
  USE Middle Atlantic States
• Middle West [n-usc]
  UF Midwest
  North Central States
• Mideast
  USE Middle East
• Midway Islands [poxf]
• Midwest
  USE Middle West
• Mindanao Island (Philippines)
  Assigned code:
  [a-ph] Philippines
• Minnesota [n-us-mn]
• Miquelon
  Assigned code:
  [n-xl] Saint Pierre and Miquelon
• Mississippi [n-us-ms]
• Mississippi River [n-usm]
• Missouri [n-us-mo]
• Missouri River [n-uss]
• Moldavia
  Assigned codes:
  [e-mv] Moldova
  [e-rm] Romania
• Moldavian S.S.R.
  USE Moldova
• Moldova [e-mv]
  [Coded [e-ur-mv] (Moldova) before June 1998]
  UF Moldavian S.S.R.
• Moluccas (Indonesia)
  USE Maluku (Indonesia)
• Monaco [e-mc]
• Mongolia [a-mp]
  UF Mongolian People's Republic
  Outer Mongolia
• Mongolia (Inner Mongolia)
  USE Inner Mongolia (China)
• Mongolian People's Republic
  USE Mongolia
• Montana [n-us-mt]
• Montenegro [e-mo]
  [Coded [e-yu] (Yugoslavia) before April 2007]
• Montserrat [nwmj]
• Moon [zmo]
• Morocco [f-mr]
  UF French Morocco
• Mozambique [f-mz]
  UF East Africa, Portuguese German East Africa
  People's Republic of Mozambique
  Portuguese East Africa
• Muscat and Oman
  USE Oman
• Myanmar
  USE Burma

N

• Namibia [f-sx]
  UF Africa, Southwest
  South-West Africa
• Nansha Islands
  USE Spratly Islands
• Nauru [ponu]
  UF Pleasant Island
• Near East
  USE Middle East
• Nebraska [n-us-nb]
• Negros Island (Philippines)
  Assigned code:
  [a-ph] Philippines
• Neotropics
  USE Latin America
• Nepal [a-np]
• Neptune (Planet) [zne]
• Netherlands [e-ne]
  UF Holland
• Netherlands Antilles [nwna]
  UF Dutch West Indies
  Netherlands West Indies
  West Indies, Dutch
• Netherlands East Indies
  USE Indonesia
• Netherlands West Indies
  USE Netherlands Antilles
• Nevada [n-us-nv]
• Nevis
  Assigned code:
  [nwxi] Saint Kitts and Nevis
• New Britain Island (Papua New Guinea)
  Assigned code:
  [a-pp] Papua New Guinea
• New Brunswick [n-cn-nk]
• New Caledonia [ponl]
• New England [n-usn]
• New France
  Assigned code:
  [n] North America
• New Guinea [a-nw]
  UF New Guinea Island
• New Guinea (Territory)
  Assigned code:
  [a-pp] Papua New Guinea
• New Guinea Island
  USE New Guinea
• New Hampshire [n-us-nh]
• New Hebrides
  USE Vanuatu
• New Ireland Island (Papua New Guinea)
  Assigned code:
  [a-pp] Papua New Guinea
• New Jersey [n-us-nj]
• New Mexico [n-us-nm]
• New South Wales [u-at-ne]
• New York (State) [n-us-ny]
• New Zealand [u-nz]
• Newfoundland and Labrador [n-cn-nf]
• Nicaragua [ncnq]
• Niger [f-ng]
• Niger River [fi]
• Nigeria [f-nr]
  UF Biafra
• Nile River [fl]
• Ninghsia Province (China)
  USE Ningxia Huizu Zizhiqu (China)
• Ningsia Hui Autonomous Region (China)
  USE Ningxia Huizu Zizhiqu (China)
• Ningxia Huizu Zizhiqu (China) [a-cc-nn]
  UF Ninghsia Province (China)
  Ningsia Hui Autonomous Region (China)
• Niue [poxh]
• Non-Black Earth Region (Russia)
  USE Non-Chernozem Region (Russia)
• Non-Chernozem Region (Russia)
  Assigned code:
  [e-ru] Russia (Federation)
  UF Non-Black Earth Region (Russia)
• Norfolk Island
  Assigned code:
  [u-at] Australia
• North Africa
  USE Africa, North
• North America [n]
• North Atlantic Ocean [ln]
• North Borneo
  USE Sabah
• North Carolina [n-us-nc]
• North Caucasus (Russia)
  USE Caucasus, Northern (Russia)
• North Central States
  USE Middle West
• North Dakota [n-us-nd]
• North Korea
  USE Korea (North)
• North Pacific Ocean [pn]
  UF Pacific Ocean, North
• North Pole
  USE Arctic regions
• North Sea
  Assigned code:
  [ln] North Atlantic Ocean
• North Vietnam
  USE Vietnam (Democratic Republic)
• Northeast (U.S.)
  USE Northeastern States
• Northeast Africa
  USE Africa, Northeast
• Northeast Passage
  Assigned code:
  [r] Arctic regions
• Northeastern States [n-use]
  UF Northeast (U.S.)
• Northern Australia [u-atn]
  [Coded [u-at] (Australia) before September 2005]
  UF Australia, Northern
• Northern Canada
  USE Canada, Northern
• Northern Caucasus (Russia)
  USE Caucasus, Northern (Russia)
• Northern Europe
  USE Europe, Northern
• Northern Germany
  USE Germany, Northern
• Northern Hemisphere [xb]
• Northern Ireland [e-uk-ni]
  UF Ireland, Northern
• Northern Mariana Islands
  USE Mariana Islands
• Northern Rhodesia
  USE Zambia
• Northern Russia
  USE Russia, Northern
• Northern Samar (Philippines)
  Assigned code:
  [a-ph] Philippines
• Northern Soviet Union
  USE Russia, Northern
• Northern Territory [u-at-no]
• Northwest (U.S.)
  USE Northwest, Pacific
• Northwest, Canadian
  Assigned code:
  [n-cn] Canada
  UF Canadian Northwest
  West (Canada)
• Northwest, Old
  Assigned code:
  [n-usc] Middle West
• Northwest, Pacific
  Assigned code:
  [n-cn-bc] British Columbia
  UF Northwest (U.S.)
  Pacific Northwest
• Northwest, Pacific
  Assigned code:
  [n-usp] West (U.S.)
  UF Northwest (U.S.)
  Pacific Northwest
• Northwest Africa
  USE Africa, Northwest
• Northwest Passage
  Assigned code:
  [r] Arctic regions
• Northwest Territories [n-cn-nt]
• Northwestern Soviet Union
  USE Soviet Union, Northwestern
• Northwestern States
  Assigned code:
  [n-usp] West (U.S.)
• Norway [e-no]
• Norwegian Sea
  Assigned code:
  [ln] North Atlantic Ocean
• Nova Scotia [n-cn-ns]
• Nunavut [n-cn-nu]
• Nyasaland
  USE Malawi

O

• Ocean Island (Kiribati)
  USE Banaba (Kiribati)
• Oceania [po]
  UF Oceanica
• Oceania, French
  USE French Polynesia
• Oceanica
  USE Oceania
• Ohio [n-us-oh]
• Ohio River [n-uso]
• Okinawa Island (Japan)
  Assigned code:
  [a-ja] Japan
• Oklahoma [n-us-ok]
• Oman [a-mk]
  UF Muscat and Oman
• Oman, Gulf of
  Assigned code:
  [au] Arabian Sea
  UF Gulf of Oman
• Ontario [n-cn-on]
• Oregon [n-us-or]
• Orient
  Assigned code:
  [a] Asia
  UF East
• Orkney (Scotland)
  Assigned code:
  [e-uk-st] Scotland
• Outer Mongolia
  USE Mongolia
• Outer space [zo]
  UF Space, Outer
• Ozark Mountains
  Assigned codes:
  [n-us-ar] Arkansas
  [n-us-mo] Missouri
  [n-us-ok] Oklahoma

P

• Pacific and Mountain States
  USE West (U.S.)
• Pacific Area
  Assigned code:
  [p] Pacific Ocean
• Pacific Coast (North America)
  Assigned code:
  [n] North America
• Pacific Island Dependencies of the United States
  USE United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands
• Pacific Islands (Ter.)
  USE Pacific Islands (Trust Territory)
• Pacific Islands (Trust Territory)
  Assigned code:
  [poup] United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands
  UF Pacific Islands (Ter.)
  Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
• Pacific Northwest
  USE Northwest, Pacific
• Pacific Ocean [p]
• Pacific Ocean, North
  USE North Pacific Ocean
• Pacific Ocean, South
  USE South Pacific Ocean
• Pacific States
  Assigned codes:
  [n-us-ca] California
  [n-us-or] Oregon
  [n-us-wa] Washington (State)
• Pakistan [a-pk]
  UF West Pakistan
• Palau [popl]
  [Coded [poci] (Caroline Islands) before Mar. 1988]
  UF Belau
  Pelew
  Republic of Palau
• Palestine
  Assigned codes:
  [a-is] Israel
  [awba] West Bank
  [awgz] Gaza Strip
• Panama [ncpn]
• Panama Canal Zone
  USE Canal Zone
• Panay Island (Philippines)
  Assigned code:
  [a-ph] Philippines
• Pannonia
  Assigned codes:
  [e-au] Austria
  [e-hu] Hungary
  [e-yu] Yugoslavia
• Papua
  Assigned code:
  [a-pp] Papua New Guinea
• Papua (Indonesia)
  Assigned code:
  [a-io] Indonesia
  UF Irian Barat (Indonesia)
  Irian Jaya (Indonesia)
  West Irian
  West New Guinea
• Papua New Guinea [a-pp]
• Paracel Islands [aopf]
  UF Hoàng Sa
  Hsi-sha Islands
  Xisha Islands
• Paraguay [s-py]
• Pascua Island
  USE Easter Island
• Peiping (China)
  USE Beijing (China)
• Peking (China)
  USE Beijing (China)
• Pelew
  USE Palau
• Pemba Island (Tanzania)
  Assigned code:
  [f-tz] Tanzania
  UF Huthera (Tanzania)
• Pennsylvania [n-us-pa]
• People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
  USE Algeria
• People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
  USE Yemen (Republic)
• People's Republic of Angola
  USE Angola
• People's Republic of Benin
  USE Benin
• People's Republic of Bulgaria
  USE Bulgaria
• People's Republic of China
  USE China
• People's Republic of Croatia
  USE Croatia
• People's Republic of Mozambique
  USE Mozambique
• People's Socialist Republic of Albania
  USE Albania
• Persia
  USE Iran
• Persian Gulf [ap]
• Persian Gulf States
  Assigned code:
  [ar] Arabian Peninsula
• Peru [s-pe]
• Pescadores Islands
  Assigned code:
  [a-ch] Taiwan
• Philippine Islands
  USE Philippines
• Philippine Sea
  Assigned code:
  [pn] North Pacific Ocean
• Philippines [a-ph]
  UF Philippine Islands
• Phoenix Islands (Kiribati)
  Assigned code:
  [pokb] Kiribati
• Pirineos
  USE Pyrenees
• Pitcairn Island [popc]
• Plata, Rio de la (Argentina and Uruguay)
  USE Rio de la Plata (Argentina and Uruguay)
• Plate River (Argentina and Uruguay)
  USE Rio de la Plata (Argentina and Uruguay)
• Pleasant Island
  USE Nauru
• Pluto (Planet) [zpl]
• Po Gulf (China)
  USE Bo Hai (China)
• Po Hai (China)
  USE Bo Hai (China)
• Pohnpei (Micronesia)
  Assigned code:
  [pomi] Micronesia (Federated States)
  UF Ponape (Micronesia)
• Poland [e-pl]
• Polar regions
  Assigned code:
  [t] Antarctica [r] Arctic regions
• Polynesia [pops]
• Polynesia, French
  USE French Polynesia
• Ponape (Micronesia)
  USE Pohnpei (Micronesia)
• Portugal [e-po]
• Portuguese East Africa
  USE Mozambique
• Portuguese Guinea
  USE Guinea-Bissau
• Portuguese Timor
  USE East Timor
• Portuguese West Africa
  USE Angola
• Prairie Provinces [n-cnp]
• Pratas Islands
  Assigned code:
  [a-ch] Taiwan
• Prince Edward Island [n-cn-pi]
• Prince Edward Islands
  Assigned code:
  [f-sa] South Africa
  UF Froides, Îles
  Îles Froides
• Prussia (Germany)
  Assigned code:
  [e-gx] Germany
• Puerto Rico [nwpr]
• Pyrenees [ep]
  UF Pirineos

Q

• Qatar [a-qa]
• Québec (Province) [n-cn-qu]
• Queensland [u-at-qn]
• Qinghai Sheng (China) [a-cc-ts]
  UF Tsinghai Province (China)

R

• R.S.F.S.R.
  USE Russia (Federation)
• Red Planet
  USE Mars (Planet)
• Red Sea [mr]
• Reka Amur (China and Russia)
  USE Amur River (China and Russia)
• Republic of Cape Verde
  USE Cape Verde
• Republic of Ireland
  USE Ireland
• Republic of Palau
  USE Palau
• Republic of Vanuatu
  USE Vanuatu
• Republique de Guinée
  USE Guinea
• Réunion [i-re]
• Rhine River [er]
• Rhode Island [n-us-ri]
• Rhodesia
  Assigned code:
  [f-za] Zambia
  [f-rh] Zimbabwe
• Rhodesia and Nyasaland
  Assigned code:
  [f-mw] Malawi
  [f-za] Zambia
  [f-rh] Zimbabwe
  UF Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
• Rhodesia, Southern
  USE Zimbabwe
• Rift Valley
  USE Great Rift Valley
• Rio de la Plata (Argentina and Uruguay) [su]
  UF La Plata River (Argentina and Uruguay)
  Plata, Rio de la (Argentina and Uruguay)
  Plate River (Argentina and Uruguay)
• Río Muni
  USE Equatorial Guinea
• Rio Zambezi
  USE Zambezi River
• Rocky Mountains [nr]
• Roman Empire
  USE Rome
• Romania [e-rm]
  UF Rumania
• Rome
  Assigned codes:
  [ff] Africa, North
  [e] Europe
  [aw] Middle East
  UF Roman Empire
• Ruanda-Urundi
  Assigned codes:
  [f-bd] Burundi
  [f-rw] Rwanda
• Rumania
  USE Romania
• Russia
  Assigned code:
  [e-ur] Soviet Union
  UF Russian Empire
• Russia (Federation) [e-ru]
  [Coded [e-ur-ru] (Russia (Federation)) before June 1998]
  UF Chishima-retto (Russia)
  Kurile Islands (Russia)
  Kuril'skie ostrova (Russia)
  R.S.F.S.R.
  Russian Republic
  Russian S.F.S.R.
  Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic
• Russia, Northern
  Assigned code:
  [e-ru] Russia (Federation)
  UF Northern Russia
  Northern Soviet Union
  Soviet Union, Northern
• Russian Empire
  USE Russia
• Russian Far East (Russia) [e-urf]
  UF Far East (Russia)
  Far Eastern Region (Russia)
  Soviet Far East (Russia)
• Russian Republic
  USE Russia (Federation)
• Russian S.F.S.R.
  USE Russia (Federation)
• Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic
  USE Russia (Federation)
• Rwanda [f-rw]
  UF German East Africa
• Ryukyu Islands
  Assigned code:
  [a-ja] Japan
• Ryukyu Islands, Southern
  USE Japan

S

• Saba (Netherlands Antilles) [nwsd]
• Sabah
  Assigned code:
  [a-my] Malaysia
  UF British North Borneo
  North Borneo
• Sahara [fd]
  UF Sahara Desert
• Sahara Desert
  USE Sahara
• Sahel
  Assigned code:
  [f] Africa
• Saint Bartholomew
  USE Saint-Barthélemy
• Saint Barts
  USE Saint-Barthélemy
• Saint Christopher and Nevis
  USE Saint Kitts and Nevis
• Saint Eustatius (Netherlands Antilles)
  USE Sint Eustatius (Netherlands Antilles)
• Saint Helena [lsxj]
  UF St. Helena
• Saint Kitts
  Assigned code:
  [nwxi] Saint Kitts and Nevis
• Saint Kitts and Nevis [nwxi]
  UF Saint Christopher and Nevis
• Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla
  Assigned codes:
  [nwxa] Anguilla
  [nwxi] Saint Kitts and Nevis
  UF St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
• Saint Lawrence River
  Assigned codes:
  [n-cn] Canada
  [n-us] United States
• Saint Lucia [nwxk]
  UF St. Lucia
• Saint Martin (West Indies) [nwst]
  UF Sint Maarten (West Indies)
  St. Martin (West Indies)
• Saint Pierre and Miquelon [n-xl]
  UF Îles Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
  St. Pierre and Miquelon
• Saint Vincent
  Assigned code:
  [nwxm] Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  UF St. Vincent
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [nwxm]
• Saint-Barthélemy
  Assigned code:
  [nwgp] Guadeloupe
  UF Saint Bartholomew
  Saint Barts
  St. Barthélémy
• Sakha (Russia)
  Assigned code:
  [e-ru] Russia (Federation)
  UF Àkutskaíà A.S.S.R. (Russia)
  Yakutia (Russia)
• Sakhalin Ula (China and Russia)
  USE Amur River (China and Russia)
• Salvador
  USE El Salvador
• Salvage Islands (Madeira Islands)
  USE Selvagens Islands (Madeira Islands)
• Salvages (Madeira Islands)
  USE Selvagens Islands (Madeira Islands)
• Samar (Philippines)
  Assigned code:
  [a-ph] Philippines
• Samoa [pows]
  UF Western Samoa
• Samoa (Islands)
  USE Samoan Islands
• Samoa, American
  USE American Samoa
• Samoan Islands [posh]
  UF Samoa (Islands)
• San Marino [e-sm]
• Sandwich Islands, South
  USE South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
• Santa Cruz Islands (Solomon Islands)
  Assigned code:
  [pobp] Solomon Islands
• São Thomé e Príncipe
  USE Sao Tome and Principe
• Sao Tome and Principe [f-sf]
  UF São Thomé e Príncipe
• Sarawak
  Assigned code:
  [a-my] Malaysia
• Sardinia (Italy)
  Assigned code:
  [e-it] Italy
• Saskatchewan [n-cn-sn]
• Saturn (Planet) [zsa]
• Saudi Arabia [a-su]
• Scandinavia [ev]
• Scotland [e-uk-st]
• Selvagens Islands (Madeira Islands)
  Assigned code:
  [lnma] Madeira Islands
  UF Salvage Islands (Madeira Islands)
  Salvages (Madeira Islands)
• Senegal [f-sg]
• Serbia [e-rb]
  [Coded [e-yu] (Yugoslavia) before April 2007]
• Seychelles [i-se]
• Shaanxi Sheng (China) [a-cc-ss]
  UF Shensi Province (China)
• Shan States
  Assigned code:
  [a-br] Burma
• Shandong Sheng (China) [a-cc-sp]
  UF Shantung Province (China)
• Shanghai (China) [a-cc-sm]
• Shansi Province (China)
  USE Shanxi Sheng (China)
• Shantung Province (China)
  USE Shandong Sheng (China)
• Shanxi Sheng (China) [a-cc-sh]
  UF Shansi Province (China)
• Shensi Province (China)
  USE Shaanxi Sheng (China)
• Shetland (Scotland)
  Assigned code:
  [e-uk-st] Scotland
• Shinnan Islands
  USE Spratly Islands
• Si Kiang (China)
  USE Xi River (China)
• Si River (China)
  USE Xi River (China)
• Siam
  USE Thailand
• Siam, Gulf of
  USE Thailand, Gulf of
• Siberia (Russia) [e-urs]
• Siberia, Eastern (Russia) [e-ure]
  UF East Siberian Region (Russia)
  Eastern Siberia (Russia)
• Siberia, Northeastern (Russia)
  Assigned code:
  [e-urs] Siberia (Russia)
• Siberia, Northwestern (Russia)
  Assigned code:
  [e-urs] Siberia (Russia)
• Siberia, Western (Russia) [e-urw]
  UF Western Siberia (Russia)
• Sichuan Sheng (China) [a-cc-sz]
  UF Szechwan Province (China)
• Sicily (Italy)
  Assigned code:
  [e-it] Italy
• Sierra Leone [f-sl]
• Sikkim (India)
  Assigned code:
  [a-ii] India
• Singapore [a-si]
• Sinkiang Uighur Autonomous Region (China)
  USE Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (China)
• Sint Eustatius (Netherlands Antilles) [nweu]
  UF Saint Eustatius (Netherlands Antilles)
  St. Eustatius (Netherlands Antilles)
  Statia (Netherlands Antilles)
• Sint Maarten (West Indies)
  USE Saint Martin (West Indies)
• Skagerrak (Denmark and Norway)
  Assigned code:
  [ln] North Atlantic Ocean
• Slovak Socialist Republic (Czechoslovakia)
  USE Slovakia
• Slovakia [e-xo]
  [Coded [e-cs] (Czechoslovakia) before May 1993]
  UF Slovak Socialist Republic (Czechoslovakia)
• Slovenia [e-xv]
  [Coded [e-yu] (Yugoslavia) before Oct. 1992]
• Snowbelt States
  Assigned code:
  [n-us] United States
  UF Frostbelt (U.S.)
• Society Islands (French Polynesia)
  Assigned code:
  [pofp] French Polynesia
• Socotra (Yemen)
  Assigned code:
  [a-ye] Yemen (Republic)
  UF Sokotra (Yemen)
• Sokotra (Yemen)
  USE Socotra (Yemen)
• Solar system [zs]
• Solomon Islands [pobp]
  [Coded also [posn] (Solomon Islands) before Mar. 1988]
  UF British Solomon Islands
• Somali Republic
  USE Somalia
• Somalia [f-so]
  UF British Somaliland
  Italian Somaliland
  Somali Republic
• Somaliland, French
  USE Djibouti
• Song Tíên Giang
  USE Mekong River
• Songhai Empire
  Assigned codes:
  [f-ml] Mali
  [f-ng] Niger
  [f-nr] Nigeria
• South Africa [f-sa]
  UF Africa, South
  Union of South Africa
• South America [s]
• South Arabia, Federation of
  USE Federation of South Arabia
• South Asia [az]
  UF Asia, South
• South Atlantic Ocean [ls]
• South Atlantic States
  Assigned code:
  [n-usu] Southern States
  UF Atlantic States, South
• South Australia [u-at-sa]
• South Carolina [n-us-sc]
• South China Sea [ao]
• South Dakota [n-us-sd]
• South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands [lsxs]
  [Coded [lsfk] (Falkland Islands) before Oct. 1992]
  UF Sandwich Islands, South
  South Sandwich Islands
• South Korea
  USE Korea (South)
• South Orkney Islands
  Assigned code:
  [lsfk] Falkland Islands
• South Pole
  USE Antarctica
• South Sandwich Islands
  USE South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
• South Shetland Islands (Antarctica)
  Assigned code:
  [t] Antarctica
• South Vietnam
  USE Vietnam (Republic)
• South-West Africa
  USE Namibia
• Southeast Asia [as]
  UF Asia, Southeastern
  Southeastern Asia
• Southeastern Asia
  USE Southeast Asia
• Southeastern Europe
  USE Balkan Peninsula
• Southern Africa
  USE Africa, Southern
• Southern Cameroons
  USE Cameroon
• Southern Europe
  USE Europe, Southern
• Southern Germany
  USE Germany, Southern
• Southern Hemisphere [xc]
• Southern Rhodesia
  USE Zimbabwe
• Southern Soviet Union
  USE Soviet Union, Southern
• Southern States [n-usu]
• Southern Yemen
  USE Yemen (Republic)
• Southwest, New [n-ust]
• Southwest, Old
  Assigned code:
  [n-usu] Southern States
• Southwestern States
  Assigned codes:
  [n-usu] Southern States
  [n-ust] Southwest, New
• Soviet Central Asia
  USE Asia, Central
• Soviet Far East (Russia)
  USE Russian Far East (Russia)
• Soviet Union [e-ur]
  UF Commonwealth of Independent States countries
  Former Soviet republics
  U.S.S.R.
• Soviet Union, Northern
  USE Russia, Northern
• Soviet Union, Northwestern [e-urn]
  UF Northwestern Soviet Union
• Soviet Union, Southern
  Assigned code:
  [e-ur] Soviet Union
  UF Southern Soviet Union
• Soviet Union, Western
  Assigned code:
  [e-ur] Soviet Union
  UF Western Soviet Union
• Space, Outer
  USE Outer space
• Spain [e-sp]
• Spanish Guinea
  USE Equatorial Guinea
• Spanish Main
  Assigned code:
  [cc] Caribbean Area
• Spanish North Africa [f-sh]
  UF Spanish Territories in Northern Morocco
• Spanish Sahara
  USE Western Sahara
• Spanish Territories in Northern Morocco
  USE Spanish North Africa
• Spitsbergen Island (Norway)
  Assigned code:
  [lnsb] Svalbard (Norway)
  UF West Spitsbergen (Norway)
• Spratly Islands [aoxp]
  UF Nansha Islands
  Shinnan Islands
• Sri Lanka [a-ce]
  UF Ceylon
• St. Barthélémy
  USE Saint-Barthélemy
• St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
  USE Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla
• St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
  USE Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla
• St. Eustatius (Netherlands Antilles)
  USE Sint Eustatius (Netherlands Antilles)
• St. Helena
  USE Saint Helena
• St. Lucia
  USE Saint Lucia
• St. Martin (West Indies)
  USE Saint Martin (West Indies)
• St. Pierre and Miquelon
  USE Saint Pierre and Miquelon
• St. Vincent
  USE Saint Vincent
• Statia (Netherlands Antilles)
  USE Sint Eustatius (Netherlands Antilles)
• Strait of Gibraltar
  USE Gibraltar, Strait of
• Straits Settlements
  Assigned codes:
  [a-my] Malaysia
  [a-si] Singapore
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  USE Africa, Sub-Saharan
• Sudan [f-sj]
  UF Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
• Sudan (Region) [fn]
• Sudan, French
  USE Mali
• Suez Canal (Egypt) [fu]
• Sulawesi (Indonesia)
  USE Celebes (Indonesia)
• Sumatra (Indonesia)
  Assigned code:
  [a-io] Indonesia
• Sun [zsu]
• Sunbelt States
  Assigned codes:
  [n-us-hi] Hawaii
  [n-usu] Southern States
  [n-ust] Southwest, New
• Sunda Islands, Lesser (Indonesia and East Timor)
  USE Lesser Sunda Islands (Indonesia and East Timor)
• Surinam
  USE Suriname
• Suriname [s-sr]
  UF Dutch Guiana
  Guiana, Dutch
  Surinam
• Svalbard (Norway) [lnsb]
• Swan Islands (Honduras) [nwsv]
• Swaziland [f-sq]
• Sweden [e-sw]
• Switzerland [e-sz]
• Syria [a-sy]
• Szechwan Province (China)
  USE Sichuan Sheng (China)

T

• T.A.A.F.
  USE Terres australes et antarctiques françaises
• Tadzik Soviet Socialist Republic
  USE Tajikistan
• Taiwan [a-ch]
  UF Formosa
• Tajik S.S.R.
  USE Tajikistan
• Tajikistan [a-ta]
  [Coded [e-ur-ta] (Tajikistan) before June 1998]
  UF Tadzik Soviet Socialist Republic
  Tajik S.S.R.
• Tanganyika
  Assigned code:
  [f-tz] Tanzania
• Tangier (Morocco)
  Assigned code:
  [f-mr] Morocco
• Tanzania [f-tz]
  UF German East Africa
• Tasmania [u-at-tm]
• Tennessee [n-us-tn]
• Terres australes et antarctiques françaises [i-fs]
  UF French Southern and Antarctic Lands
  French Southern Indian Ocean Islands
  Indian Ocean Islands, French
  T.A.A.F.
• Texas [n-us-tx]
• Thailand [a-th]
  UF Siam
• Thailand, Gulf of [af]
  UF Gulf of Thailand
  Siam, Gulf of
• Thian Shan
  USE Tien Shan
• Third World
  USE Developing countries
• Tian Shan
  USE Tien Shan
• Tianjin (China) [a-cc-tn]
  UF Tientsin (China)
• Tibesti Mountains
  Assigned code:
  [f-cd] Chad
• Tibesti Mountains
  Assigned codes:
  [f-ly] Libya
  [f-ng] Niger
• Tibet (China) [a-cc-ti]
  UF Tibetan Autonomous Region (China)
• Tibetan Autonomous Region (China)
  USE Tibet (China)
• Tien Mountains
  USE Tien Shan
• Tien Shan [at]
  UF Thian Shan
  Tian Shan
  Tien Mountains
• Tientsin (China)
  USE Tianjin (China)
• Timor, East
  USE East Timor
• Timor, Portuguese
  USE East Timor
• Timor Island
  Assigned codes:
  [a-em] East Timor
  [a-io] Indonesia
• Timor Sea
  Assigned code:
  [i] Indian Ocean
• Timor Timur
  USE East Timor
• Tobago
  Assigned code:
  [nwtr] Trinidad and Tobago
• Togo [f-tg]
  UF French Togoland
  Togoland (French)
• Togoland
  Assigned codes:
  [f-gh] Ghana
  [f-tg] Togo
• Togoland (British)
  Assigned code:
  [f-gh] Ghana
  UF British Togoland
• Togoland (French)
  USE Togo
• Tokelau [potl]
  UF Union Islands
• Tonga [poto]
  UF Friendly Islands
  Tonga Islands
• Tonga Islands
  USE Tonga
• Torres Strait Islands (Qld.)
  Assigned code:
  [u-at-qn] Queensland
• Transcaucasia
  Assigned codes:
  [a-ai] Armenia (Republic)
  [a-aj] Azerbaijan
• Transcaucasia
  Assigned code:
  [a-gs] Georgia (Republic)
• Transjordan
  USE Jordan
• Trinidad
  Assigned code:
  [nwtr] Trinidad and Tobago
• Trinidad and Tobago [nwtr]
• Tristan da Cunha [lstd]
• Trobriand Islands (Papua New Guinea)
  Assigned code:
  [a-pp] Papua New Guinea
• Tropics [w]
• Trucial States
  USE United Arab Emirates
• Truk (Micronesia)
  USE Chuuk (Micronesia)
• Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
  USE Pacific Islands (Trust Territory)
• Tsinghai Province (China)
  USE Qinghai Sheng (China)
• Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia)
  Assigned code:
  [pofp] French Polynesia
• Tubuai Islands (French Polynesia)
  USE Austral Islands (French Polynesia)
• Tunisia [f-ti]
• Turkey [a-tu]
  UF Asia Minor
• Turkmen S.S.R.
  USE Turkmenistan
• Turkmenistan [a-tk]
  [Coded [e-ur-tk] (Turkmenistan) before June 1998]
  UF Turkmen S.S.R.
• Turks and Caicos Islands [nwtc]
  UF Caicos Islands
• Tuvalu [potv]
  [Coded [pogn] (Gilbert and Ellice Islands) before Mar. 1988]
  UF Ellice Islands

U

• U.S.S.R.
  USE Soviet Union
• Ubangi Shari
  USE Central African Republic
• Uganda [f-ug]
• Ukraine [e-un]
  [Coded [e-ur-un] (Ukraine) before June 1998]
• Underdeveloped areas
  USE Developing countries
• Union Islands
  USE Tokelau
• Union of South Africa
  USE South Africa
• United Arab Emirates [a-ts]
  UF Trucial States
• United Arab Republic
  Assigned codes:
  [f-ua] Egypt
  [a-sy] Syria
• United Kingdom
  USE Great Britain
• United Kingdom Miscellaneous Island Dependencies
  USE Great Britain Miscellaneous Island Dependencies
• United States [n-us]
• United States Miscellaneous Caribbean Islands [nwuc]
  UF Caribbean Island Dependencies of the United States
  Island Dependencies of the United States in the Caribbean
• United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands [poup]
  [Includes American Samoa, Guam, Pacific Islands (Trust Territory) treated collectively]
  UF Island Dependencies of the United States in the Pacific
  Pacific Island Dependencies of the United States
• Upper Volta
  USE Burkina Faso
• Ural Mountains (Russia) [e-uru]
• Uranus (Planet) [zur]
• Uruguay [s-uy]
• Utah [n-us-ut]
• Uvea Island (Wallis and Futuna Islands)
  Assigned code:
  [powf] Wallis and Futuna Islands
• Uzbek S.S.R.
  USE Uzbekistan
• Uzbekistan [a-uz]
  [Coded [e-ur-uz] (Uzbekistan) before June 1998]
  UF Uzbek S.S.R.

V

• Vanuatu [ponn]
  UF New Hebrides
  Republic of Vanuatu
• Vatican City [e-vc]
  UF Holy See
• Venezuela [s-ve]
• Venus (Planet) [zve]
• Vermont [n-us-vt]
• Victoria [u-at-vi]
• Vietnam [a-vt]
• Vietnam (Democratic Republic)
  Assigned code:
  [a-vt] Vietnam
  UF North Vietnam
  Vietnam, North
• Vietnam (Republic)
  Assigned code:
  [a-vt] Vietnam
  UF South Vietnam
  Vietnam, South
• Vietnam, North
  USE Vietnam (Democratic Republic)
• Vietnam, South
  USE Vietnam (Republic)
• Virgin Islands
  USE British Virgin Islands
• Virgin Islands (American)
  USE Virgin Islands of the United States
• Virgin Islands (Danish)
  USE Virgin Islands of the United States
• Virgin Islands (Great Britain)
  USE British Virgin Islands
• Virgin Islands (Presidency)
  USE British Virgin Islands
• Virgin Islands, British
  USE British Virgin Islands
• Virgin Islands of the United States [nwvi]
  UF Virgin Islands
  Virgin Islands (American)
  Virgin Islands (Danish)
• Virginia [n-us-va]
• Volga River (Russia) [e-urp]
• Volgo-Viatskii Region (Russia)
  Assigned code:
  [e-ru] Russia (Federation)
• Volta River (Ghana) [fv]

W

• Wake Island [powk]
• Wales [e-uk-wl]
• Wallis and Futuna Islands [powf]
• Washington (D.C.) [n-us-dc]
  UF District of Columbia
• Washington (State) [n-us-wa]
• Washington Region
  Assigned codes:
  [n-us-md] Maryland
  [n-us-va] Virginia
  [n-us-dc] Washington (D.C.)
• West (Canada)
  USE Northwest, Canadian
• West (U.S.) [n-usp]
  UF Far West (U.S.)
  Pacific and Mountain States
  Western States (U.S.)
• West Africa
  USE Africa, West
• West Africa, Portuguese
  USE Angola
• West Bank [awba]
  [Coded [a-is] (Israel) and/or [a-jo] (Jordan) before Mar. 1988]
  UF Judaea and Samaria
  West Bank of the Jordan River
• West Bank of the Jordan River
  USE West Bank
• West Berlin
  USE Berlin (Germany)
• West Germany
  USE Germany (West)
• West Indies [nw]
  UF Antilles, Greater
  Greater Antilles
  Indies, West
• West Indies, Dutch
  USE Netherlands Antilles
• West Indies, French
  Assigned code:
  [nwla] Antilles, Lesser
  UF French West Indies
• West Irian
  USE Papua (Indonesia)
• West New Guinea
  USE Papua (Indonesia)
• West Pakistan
  USE Pakistan
• West River (China)
  USE Xi River (China)
• West Spitsbergen (Norway)
  USE Spitsbergen Island (Norway)
• West Virginia [n-us-wv]
• Western Australia [u-at-we]
  UF Australia, Western
• Western Canada
  USE Canada, Western
• Western Europe
  USE Europe, Western
• Western Hemisphere [xd]
• Western Sahara [f-ss]
  UF Spanish Sahara
• Western Samoa
  USE Samoa
• Western Siberia (Russia)
  USE Siberia, Western (Russia)
• Western Soviet Union
  USE Soviet Union, Western
• Western States (U.S.)
  USE West (U.S.)
• White Russia
  USE Belarus
• Wight, Isle of
  USE Isle of Wight (England)
• Windward Islands (West Indies) [nwwi]
• Wisconsin [n-us-wi]
• Woodlark Islands (Papua New Guinea)
  Assigned code:
  [a-pp] Papua New Guinea
• Wyoming [n-us-wy]

X

• Xi River (China) [a-ccs]
  UF Hsi Chiang (China)
  Si Kiang (China)
  Si River (China)
  West River (China)
• Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (China) [a-cc-su]
  UF Hsin-chiang-wei-wy-erh tzu chin chü (China)
  Sinkiang Uighur Autonomous Region (China)
• Xisha Islands
  USE Paracel Islands

Y

• Yakutia (Russia)
  USE Sakha (Russia)
• Yangtze River (China) [a-ccg]
  UF Chang Chiang (China)
  Long River (China)
• Yap (Micronesia)
  Assigned code:
  [pomi] Micronesia (Federated States)
• Yellow River (China) [a-ccy]
  UF Hoang Ho (China)
  Huang Ho (China)
  Hwang Ho (China)
• Yellow Sea [ay]
  UF Huang Hai
  Kwang Sea
• Yemen (Arab Republic)
  USE Yemen (Republic)
• Yemen (People's Democratic Republic)
  USE Yemen (Republic)
• Yemen (Republic) [a-ye]
  UF Arab Republic of Yemen
  People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
  Southern Yemen
  Yemen (Arab Republic)
  Yemen (People's Democratic Republic)
• Yugoslavia [e-yu]
  UF Former Yugoslav republics
• Yukon Territory [n-cn-yk]
• Yunnan Province (China)
  USE Yunnan Sheng (China)
• Yunnan Sheng (China) [a-cc-yu]
  UF Yunnan Province (China)

Z

• Zaire
  USE Congo (Democratic Republic)
• Zambezi River [fz]
  UF Rio Zambezi
• Zambia [f-za]
  UF Northern Rhodesia
• Zanzibar
  Assigned code:
  [f-tz] Tanzania
• Zhejiang Sheng (China) [a-cc-ch]
  UF Chekiang Province (China)
• Zimbabwe [f-rh]
  UF Rhodesia, Southern
  Southern Rhodesia

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