Specifications
for Bond Paper Sheets for the Storage of Artifacts
Specification Number 100-111-6/19/02
This specification is provided as a public service by the Preservation
Directorate of the Library of Congress. Any commercial reproduction
that implies endorsement of a product, service or materials, in any
publication, is strictly prohibited by law. This Specification is written
for L.C. purchasing purposes and is subject to change when necessary.
I. General Specifications - II.
Product Requirements - III. Inspection
A. Stock Composition
- Pulp:
- Fiber: The paper stock should be made from
rag or other high alpha-cellulose content pulp. It must not contain
any post consumer waste recycled pulp.
- Lignin: The stock must give a negative reading
for lignin as determined by the phloroglucinol test when tested
according to ASTM D 1030, X5 spot stains and shall have a Kappa
number of 5 or less when tested according to TAPPI T 236 cm-85.
- Impurities: The stock must be free of metal
particles, waxes, plasticizers, residual bleach, peroxide, sulfur
(which will be less than 0.0008% reducible sulfur as determined
by TAPPI T 406 om-88), and other components that could lead to
the degradation of the paper and artifacts stored therein.
- Metallic Impurities: Iron must not exceed
150 ppm and copper shall not exceed 6 ppm when tested according
to TAPPI T 266.
- Optical Brighteners: The stock must be free
of optical brightening agents.
- pH:
The paper stock should have a pH of value within a range of 8.0 -
9.5 as determined by TAPPI T 509 om-88, cold extraction (modified
by slurrying sample pulp before measurement).
- Alkaline Reserve:
The alkaline reserve should be a minimum of 2% and a maximum of 5%
calculated as CaCO3 when tested according to ASTM 4988-89.
- Sizing:
Only neutral or alkaline sizing shall be used. No alum rosin or rosin
sizing should be used as determined by ASTM D 549-88.
- Photographic Activity Test:
The paper stock must pass the Photographic Activity Test (P.A.T.).
Tests to be conducted and results reported as described in ISO 14523-1999
or latest version. Tests should be performed by Image Permanence Institute
(c/o Rochester Institute of Technology, Frank E. Gannett Memorial
Building, P.O. Box 9887, Rochester, NY 14623-0887. Tel.: 716-475-5199,
FAX: 716-475-7230) or other pre-approved laboratory.
- Basis Weight:
20 lb. high grade, watermarked bond.
- Folding Endurance:
The paper stock must meet the minimum requirement of 75 double folds
in the machine direction using a 1 kg load. Tests to be conducted
according to the MIT Fold Endurance Test as described by TAPPI T 511
om-88, after conditioning according to TAPPI T 402 om-88.
- Color:
- White or as specified on the purchase order.
- Bleeding: The color must show no bleeding
when soaked in distilled water for 48 hours while held under suitable
weight in contact with white bond paper.
- Retention: The color of the stock on both
sides must not change more than 5 points of brightness as measured
by directional reflectance at 457 nm (TAPPI T 452 om-92), when
exposed 24 hours to a Xenon arc lamp in an Atlas Weatherometer
under the following conditions: Irradiance Level: 1.0 watts/m2
at 420 nm. Inner filter: Borosilicate glass. Outer filter: Clear
soda lime glass. Black panel temperature: 50°C. Wet bulb depression:
8.5°C.
B. Workmanship
Edges should be cut square and clean, and sizes accurate.
C. Identification
Each sheet should contain a watermark which identifies the paper
or papermaker.
D. Packaging
- Inner Wrapper:
The paper sheets must be wrapped in paper according to size.
I.D.: Each package must plainly identify the type,
size and number of items within, the name of the supplier or manufacturer,
year of manufacture, manufacturing run or batch number, actual pH
(± 0.2 pH) and "P.A.T.".
- Outer Wrapper:
The items must be packed in standard commercial containers which are
constructed to ensure that they arrive at the Library of Congress
in dry, undamaged condition.
I.D.: The outside of each container must
be identified by type, size and number of items within, manufacturing
run or batch number, Purchase Order or Contract number and "P.A.T.".
E. Testing
- Responsibility:
The supplier is responsible for meeting all the requirements specified
herein. The Library of Congress has the right to perform any of the
tests set forth in the specification where such tests are deemed necessary
to ensure that supplies conform to prescribed requirements.
- Sampling:
To sample for testing, shipments will be sampled according to MIL-STD-105E
at inspection level S-2 with an acceptable quality level of 2.5 percent
defective from each lot offered. Copies of MIL-STD-105E are available
from Naval Publications and Forms Center; Standardization Document
Order Department, Building 4, Section D; 700 Robbins Avenue; Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19111-5094.
- Methods:
Tests will be conducted in accordance with specified test methods
of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), the American
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), and the Technical Association
of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI). Publications describing these
tests may be ordered directly from the technical associations at the
following addresses:
- ANSI, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018
- ASTM, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103
- TAPPI, One Dunwoody Park, Atlanta, GA 30348
- Tests:
Requirements
|
Test Method |
Lignin: |
negative/Kappa 5 |
ASTM D 1030, X5 or TAPPI 236 cm-85 |
Reducible Sulfur: |
< 0.0008% |
TAPPI T 406 om-88 |
Iron: |
< 150 ppm |
TAPPI T-266 |
Copper: |
< 6 ppm |
TAPPI T-266 |
pH: |
8.0 - 9.5 pH |
TAPPI T 509 om-88, cold extraction, slurried pulp |
Alkaline Reserve: |
2-5% |
ASTM D 4988-89 |
Alum Rosin Sizing: |
negative |
ASTM D 549-88 |
Photographic Activity Test: |
pass |
ISO 14523-1999 |
Basis Weight: |
20 lb. bond |
TAPPI 410 om-93 |
Folding Endurance: |
75 MD |
TAPPI T 511 om-88, and TAPPI T 402 om-88 |
Color Bleeding: |
none |
See above, "I. 8. Color" |
Color Retention: |
< 5 points |
TAPPI T 452 om-92 |
F. Quality Assurance Inspection
- Sampling:
To evaluate workmanship and construction, shipments will be sampled
according to MIL-STD-105E at inspection level S-2 with an acceptable
quality level of 4.0 percent defective from each lot offered.
A. Sizes:
Will be given in the purchase order or the Contract.
B. Construction:
Sheets should be straight cut, sizes accurate and corners 90 degrees.
An examination will be made to determine whether the items comply
with the Requirements Sections. The qualities and characteristics which
will be examined include the following.
Testing Inspection
- Materials must pass all composition and performance specifications
stated in "I. General Specifications."
Visual Inspection
- A watermark which identifies the paper or papermaker should appear
approximately once every eleven inches in the machine direction.
- The color must be white or otherwise specified.
- Edges must be cut square and clean.
- Sizes must be accurate.
- The inner wrapper must be according to size and identified as specified.
- The outer wrapper must ensure arrival in dry, undamaged condition.
FAILURE TO MEET ANY OF THE SPECIFICATIONS WILL BE CAUSE FOR REJECTION.