Guidance on "Federal Means-Tested Public Benefits" Under the Welfare Reform Law
THIS CONTAINS INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE U.S. ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN AND
FAMILIES IN LIHEAP INFORMATION MEMORANDUM TRANSMITTAL NO. LIHEAP-IM-97-25,
DATED 8/28/97
TO: LOW INCOME HOME ENERGY ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (LIHEAP)
GRANTEES AND OTHER INTERESTED PARTIES
SUBJECT: Guidance on "Federal Means-Tested Public Benefits" Under
the Welfare Reform Law
RELATED Low Income Home Energy Assistance Act, Title XXVI
REFERENCES: of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, Public
Law 97-35, as amended; the Personal Responsibility and
Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA),
Public Law 104-193, signed into law on August 22, 1996;
Federal Register notice dated August 26, 1997 (62 FR
45256) providing guidance on the definition of "Federal
Means-Tested Public Benefits" under PRWORA for HHS
programs.
PURPOSE: To advise LIHEAP grantees about decisions made on the
definition of "Federal Means-Tested Public Benefits"
under the 1996 welfare reform law for HHS programs.
CONTENT: The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity
Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA), P.L. 104-193, was
signed into law by the President on August 22, 1996.
PRWORA, popularly known as the welfare reform law,
established the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families
(TANF) program to replace the Assistance to Families With
Dependent Children (AFDC) program. PRWORA restricts the
access of certain categories of immigrants to specified
Federal benefits, including some benefits administered by
the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). This
information memorandum provides guidance on certain
immigrant eligibility provisions of the PRWORA.
Section 403 of PRWORA bars most qualified aliens who
enter the U.S. on or after enactment (August 22, 1996)
from eligibility for "Federal means-tested public
benefits" for five years beginning on the date the
individual entered the United States with a qualified
alien status. As defined in a Federal Register notice
dated August 26, 1997 (62 FR 45256) and effective
immediately, HHS is interpreting "Federal means-tested
public benefits" to include only those benefits provided
under Federal means-tested, mandatory spending programs.
The following HHS programs meet this definition:
Medicaid, and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
(TANF) Block Grant - the successor to the AFDC program.
Therefore, no other HHS programs are "Federal
means-tested public benefits" for purposes of PRWORA, and
all qualified aliens, regardless of when they entered the
U.S., continue to be eligible to receive assistance and
services under the Low Income Home Energy Assistance
Program (LIHEAP) if they meet other program requirements.
"Qualified aliens" are defined in section 431 of PRWORA
and cover the larger groups of legal immigrants (legal
permanent residents, refugees, asylees, individuals
paroled into the U.S. for a period of at least 1 year,
individuals whose deportation has been withheld,
individuals granted conditional entry, and certain
individuals who are victims of domestic abuse).
Guidance on other immigration-related issues is still
under consideration. The immigrant provisions of the
PRWORA are extremely complex and require careful analysis
to determine the impact of the provisions on numerous
programs and services. HHS is currently analyzing these
provisions and will provide further information to you as
these issues are resolved.
ATTACHMENTS: Federal Register notice dated August 26, 1997 (62 FR
45256) providing guidance on the definition of "Federal
Means-Tested Public Benefits" under PRWORA for HHS
programs.
INQUIRIES TO: If you need further clarification, please contact:
Janet M. Fox, Director
Division of Energy Assistance
Office of Community Services, ACF, HHS
370 L'Enfant Promenade, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20447
Telephone: (202) 401-9351
FAX: (202) 401-5718
_______________/s____________
Janet M. Fox
Director
Division of Energy Assistance
Office of Community Services
[Federal Register: August 26, 1997 (Volume 62, Number 165)]
[Notices]
[Page 45256-45258]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr26au97-90]
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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Office of the Secretary
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
of 1996 (PRWORA); Interpretation of ``Federal Means-Tested Public
Benefit''
agency: Office of the Secretary, HHS.
Action: Notice with comment period.
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summary: This notice with comment period interprets the term ``Federal
means-tested public benefit[s]'' as used in Title IV of the Personal
Responsibility and work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
(PRWORA), Pub. L. 104-193, to include only mandatory spending programs
of the Federal Government in which eligibility for the programs'
benefits, or the amount of such benefits, or both, are determined on
the basis of income or resources of the eligibility unit seeking the
benefit. At HHS, the benefit programs that fall within this definition
(and are not explicitly excepted from the definition by Section 403(c))
are Medicaid and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF).
dates: Effective Date: This notice is effective on August 26, 1997.
comment period: Written comments will be considered if we receive them
at the appropriate address, as provided in the addresses section below,
no later than 5 p.m. on October 27, 1997.
addresses: Mail comments (1 original and 3 copies) to the following
address: Division of Economic Support for Families, Office of the
Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Department of Health
and Human Services, Room 404E, 200 Independence Ave., SW, Washington,
DC 20201, Attention: David Nielsen.
for further information contact: David Nielsen, (202) 690-7148.
Copies of comments may be inspected at the above address. Inquiries
regarding how a particular program is affected by this notice should be
submitted to DHHS program staff responsible for managing the program at
either the appropriate Regional Office, or Headquarters in Washington,
DC. The above contact should be used only to submit general comments
regarding the policy interpretation contained in this notice.
[[Page 45257]]
supplementary information:
I. Background
Title IV of PRWORA contains several references to the term
``Federal means-tested public benefit[s].'' The most significant of
these references are found in Sections 403 and 421. Section 403 denies
``Federal means-tested public benefit[s]'' to aliens who entered the
United States with a qualified alien status ``on or after the date of
the enactment of this Act'' for 5 years beginning on the date of the
aliens' entry into the United States. Section 421 provides that new
sponsor-to-alien deeming rules apply to ``any Federal means-tested
public benefits program.'' In the absence of a statutory definition of
``Federal means-tested public benefit'', HHS is interpreting the term
to include only benefits provided by means-tested, mandatory spending
programs.
Early versions of PRWORA contained a definition of ``Federal means-
tested public benefit'' that could have encompassed benefits provided
by both discretionary spending programs and mandatory spending
programs. (These early versions provided that, with certain exceptions,
``the term `Federal means-tested public benefit' meant a public benefit
(including cash, medical, housing, and food assistance and social
services) of the Federal Government in which the eligibility of an
individual, household, or family eligibility unit for benefits, or the
amount of such benefits, or both are determined on the basis of income,
resources, or financial need of the individual, household, or unit.''
142 Cong. Rec. S8481 (daily ed. July 22, 1996).) During debate over the
bill in the Senate, a member of the Senate raised a point of order
pursuant to the Byrd Rule, and the definition was struck. The Senate
Parliamentarian upheld the Byrd Rule objection, the Senate did not
appeal the ruling, and PRWORA was ultimately enacted without defining
the term.
PRWORA was subject to Section 313 of the Congressional Budget Act
of 1974, also known as the ``Byrd Rule,'' because it was enacted as a
budget reconciliation bill. Under the Byrd Rule, a Senator may raise a
point of order to strike or prevent the incorporation of ``extraneous''
material. A provision in a reconciliation bill will be considered
``extraneous'' and subject to a point of order if, among other things,
``it produces changes in outlays or revenues which are merely
incidental to the non-budgetary components of the provision.'' 2 U.S.C.
Sec. 644(b)(1)(D). The legislative history of PRWORA indicates that the
Senate understood the significance of the Byrd Rule objection in terms
of limiting the scope of the definition of ``Federal means-tested
public benefit'' to mandatory spending programs, while leaving
discretionary programs unaffected. See 142 Cong. Rec. at S9403 (daily
ed. August 1, 1996) (statement of Senator Chafee); 142 Cong. Rec. at
S9400 (statements of Senators Graham, Kennedy and Exon). Therefore, to
the extent the definition of ``Federal means-tested public benefit''
included benefits provided by discretionary spending programs, it was
subject to a Byrd Rule objection.
II. Interpretation
In light of the statutory language and legislative history, HHS is
defining ``Federal means-tested public benefit'' to apply only to
benefits provided by Federal means-tested, mandatory spending programs,
and not to any discretionary spending programs or to any mandatory
spending programs that are not means-tested. For purposes of this
Federal Register notice, a program is considered ``means-tested'' if
eligibility for the program's benefits, or the amount of such benefits,
or both, are determined on the basis of income or resources of the
eligibility unit seeking the benefit.
The following HHS programs are means-tested, mandatory spending
programs: Medicaid, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF),
Foster Care, Adoption Assistance, and part of the Child Care
Development Block Grant. Foster Care and Adoption Assistance, however,
are explicitly exempted from the term ``Federal means-tested public
benefit'' under Section 403(c)(2)(F). The Child Care Development Block
Grant program is unique in that it is funded from both mandatory and
discretionary parts of the budget. Since the funds are operationally
commingled at the state and local level, and since the mixed nature of
the funding results in budgetary effects more closely akin to those of
a discretionary spending program, we are treating Child Care as a
discretionary spending program for purposes of interpreting ``Federal
means-tested public benefit.'' Therefore, the HHS programs that
constitute ``Federal means-tested public benefits'' under PRWORA are
Medicaid and TANF.
This interpretation pertains only to HHS and its benefit programs.
Other Executive Branch agencies whose programs may be subject to
PROWORA will make independent determinations about the scope of the
term.
III. Comment Period and Effective Date
Although HHS is soliciting public comment on this interpretation,
we believe that it is necessary to apply this interpretation to HHS
programs immediately, prior to receipt and consideration of any
comments.
PRWORA was enacted in August, 1996, and since that time HHS has
received numerous inquiries regarding the application of the term
``Federal means-tested public benefit.'' Additional delay will cause
unnecessary or incorrect administrative actions by agencies or entities
that administer our programs. We also believe it is possible that due
to confusion about the application of the term ``Federal means-tested
public benefit'' people may have been denied critical benefits and
services who, according to the interpretation in this notice, are
otherwise eligible. Without prompt issuance of this interpretation,
state and local governments and other public and private benefit
providers will remain confused over how to implement the requirements
of Title IV of PRWORA. Finally, some states have indicated their
intention to define the term ``Federal means-tested public benefit'' on
their own if Federal guidance is not forthcoming soon. Independent
interpretations by states will only compound the confusion on this
issue since there is no certainty that each state will arrive at the
same definition of the term. In sum, although we are providing a 60-day
period for public comment, as indicated at the beginning of this
notice, this interpretation is effective immediately.
IV. Economic Impact
The Department has analyzed the costs and benefits of this notice
to determine whether it has a substantial economic effect on the
economy as a whole, on states, or on small entities. The purpose of
this analysis was to identify less burdensome or more beneficial
alternatives and thereby to influence the requirements imposed by the
notice.
PRWORA creates major economic effects, a large portion of which
results from changes in the law relating to immigrants' eligibility for
Federal benefits. We estimated the 1997-2002 Federal budget savings to
Medicaid due to the immigrant restrictions would be $5.1 billion. There
were no Federal budget savings estimated for TANF because, as a block
grant, its spending levels were fixed regardless of caseload size.
These Medicaid budget effects are essentially due to the eligibility
restrictions contained in the statute.
[[Page 45258]]
This notice provides HHS' interpretation as to whether any other HHS
programs are subject to the PRWORA requirements regarding immigrants'
eligibility for ``Federal means-tested'' benefits, and thereby serves
to prevent confusion among administering agencies, grantee agencies,
benefit providers, and the public. This interpretation has no effect on
overall spending levels for any discretionary-funded HHS programs. Nor
does this interpretation create burdens or mandates on states or small
entities.
As a result of the PRWORA eligibility restrictions, this notice is
classified as economically ``significant'' under Executive Order
12866's criterion of an economic effect of more than $100 million. For
the same reason, it is classified as a ``major rule'' for purposes of
Congressional review under 5 U.S.C. Sec. 801 et. seq., Subtitle E of
the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (Pub. L.
104-121). And, for the same reasons noted in section III above, this
notice is effective immediately under the exception procedures of
Sec. 808 of that statute because we have determined for good cause that
delayed implementation is impractical and contrary to the public
interest.
Dated: August 21, 1997.
Donna E. Shalala,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. 97-22683 Filed 8-25-97; 8:45 am]
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