22nd OCSE Annual Report

Foreword

The Child Support Enforcement Program

Appendix A - 1997 Program Results

Appendix B - State Box Scores: by OCSE Regions & Nationwide or by States

Appendix C - State Data Tables

Appendix D - Glossary of Financial and Statistical Terms

Appendix E - FY 1997 Action Transmittals

Appendix F- State Child Support Enforcement Agencies

Appendix G - OCSE Organization Charts (not included)

Appendix H - Legislative History of Child Support

Appendix I - Fact Sheets and News Releases

Foreword

President Clinton and I have made improving child support enforcement and increasing child support collections a top priority. This 22^nd Annual Report to Congress highlights the Child Support Enforcement (CSE) Program’s accomplishments and demonstrates the progress made during fiscal year 1997.

Together with our partners in the nation’s child support enforcement program, we have cracked down on nonpaying parents and strengthened the enforcement of child support dramatically since 1993. In fiscal year 1997, a record $13.4 billion was collected on behalf of children, an increase of 70 percent since fiscal year 1992. In addition, more than one million paternities were established, an increase of more than 100 percent since fiscal year 1992, largely attributable to paternities established through the voluntary in-hospital paternity programs.

Gains also were made in establishing support orders and in locating noncustodial parents who were not paying child support: 1.3 million orders were established and the income, assets, or employers of 6.4 million parents were located.

These numbers--a testimony to the commitment and dedication of individuals at the local, state, and federal levels of the CSE program--send a strong message that parental responsibility is not an option.

As important as this work is for millions of children, however, millions more are still being deprived of the help they need and deserve. The collection of child support is a crucial part of this Administration’s resolve to help families attain self-sufficiency.

On signing welfare reform legislation in 1996, President Clinton noted that “There is no area where we need more personal responsibility than child support.” When paid regularly, it provides millions of children and families the resources needed to improve their daily lives.

Donna E. Shalala

LIST OF TABLES

Program Overview

Table 1 Financial Overview for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 2 Statistical Overview for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 3 Program Trends for FY 1992, 1996, and 1997

Program Collections

Table 4 Total Distributed Collections for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 5 Distributed AFDC-TANF/Foster Care Collections for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 6 Distributed AFDC-TANF Collections for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 7 Distributed Foster Care Collections for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 8 Distributed Non-AFDC-TANF Collections for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 9 Total Child Support Collections per Dollar of Total Administrative Expenditures for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Federal and State Shares and Incentives

Table 10 Net Federal Share of AFDC-TANF/Foster Care Collections for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 11 State Share of AFDC-TANF/Foster Care Collections for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 12 Incentive Payments Estimates for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 13 Incentive Payments Actuals for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Payments to Families 

Table 14 AFDC-TANF/Foster Care Payments to Families for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 15 Medical Support Payments to Families and Medicaid

Table 16 AFDC-TANF Collections Distributed as Payments to Families and Disregarded in AFDC-TANF Eligibility Determinations ($50 Pass-Through) for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Method of Collection

Table 17 Total Collections Made by the States by Method of Collection, FY 1997

Table 18 AFDC-TANF/FC Collections Made by the States by Method of Collection, FY 1997

Table 19 Non-AFDC-TANF Collections Made by the States by Method of Collection, FY 1997

Table 20 Total Administrative Expenditures for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Program Savings

Table 21 Total Program Savings for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Program Expenditures

Table 22 Fees Received and Costs Recovered for Non-AFDC-TANF Cases for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Functional Costs

Table 23 Total ADP Expenditures for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 24 Total ADP Expenditures at Enhanced Funding Rate for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 25 Expenditures for Laboratory Tests for Paternity Establishment for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Caseload and Cases with Collections

Table 26 Average Annual CSE Caseload by AFDC-TANF/FC, Non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF/FC Arrears Only, FY 1997

Table 27 Average Annual CSE Caseload with Orders Established, FY 1997

Table 28 Average Number of CSE Cases in Which a Collection was Made on an Obligation By AFDC-TANF/FC, Non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF/FC Arrears Only, FY 1997

Location, Paternity, Establishment, and

Enforcement Services Required

Table 29 Average Number of Absent Parents Requiring Location to Establish an Obligation By AFDC-TANF/FC, Non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF/FC Arrears Only, FY 1997

Table 30 Average Number of Absent Parents Requiring Location to Enforce or Modify an Obligation By AFDC-TANF/FC, Non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF/FC Arrears Only, FY 1997

Table 31 Average Number of Children Requiring Paternity Determination By AFDC-TANF/FC, Non-AFDC-TANF, AFDC-TANF/FC Arrears Only, FY 1997

Table 32 Average Number of Cases Requiring a Support Obligation be Established By AFDC-TANF/FC, Non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF Arrears Only, FY 1997

Table 33 Average Number of Cases Requiring a Support Obligation be Enforced or Modified By AFDC-TANF/FC, Non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF Arrears Only, FY 1997

Locations 

Table 34 Absent Parents Located by AFDC-TANF/FC, Non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF/FC Arrears Only, FY 1997

Table 35 Absent Parents Located to Establish and Enforce or Modify an Order, FY 1997

Table 36 Federal Parent Locator Service Requests Processed with Known Social Security Numbers For Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 37 Federal Parent Locator Service Requests Processed with Unknown Social Security Numbers For Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Paternities

Table 38 Total Number of Paternities Established for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 39 IV-D Paternities Established by AFDC-TANF/FC, Non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF/FC Arrears Only, FY 1997

Table 39A In-Hospital Voluntary Paternity Acknowledgements for Four Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 40 IV-D Paternity Standard Data for Five Consecutive Fiscal Year Orders Established and Enforced

Table 41 Number of Support Orders Established by AFDC-TANF/FC, Non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF/FC Arrears Only, FY 1997

Table 42 Total Number of Support Orders Established that Include Health Insurance, FY 1997

Table 43 Total Number of Support Orders Enforced or Modified By AFDC-TANF/FC, Non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF/FC Arrears Only, FY 1997

Table 44 Total Number of Support Orders Enforced or Modified that Include Health Insurance, FY 1997

AFDC

Table 45 Number of Families Removed from AFDC-TANF with Child Support Collections For Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 46 IV-A Cases in Which Parents Claim Good Cause for Refusing to Cooperate in Establishing Paternity and Securing Child Support and IV-A cases in which Good Cause Claims Were Found Valid, FY 1997

Staffing

Table 47 Total Full Time Equivalent Staff Employed as of September 30, 1997

Table 48 Total Full Time Equivalent Staff Employed as of September 30, 1997

For Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 49 Total Salary and Fringe Benefits for Full Time Staff Employed as of September 30, 1997

Table 50 State Workload per Full-Time Equivalent Staff, FY 1997

Table 51 Costs and Staff Associated with the Central Office of Child Support EnforcementFor Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Voluntary Payments

Table 52 Total Cases with Voluntary Payments, FY 1997

Table 53 Total Amount of Voluntary Payments, FY 1997

Cases Opened and Closed

Table 54 Total Number of Cases Opened During the Year, FY 1997

Table 55 Total Number of Cases Opened for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 56 Total Number of Cases Closed During the Year FY, 1997

Table 57 Total Number of Cases Closed for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Federal Income Tax Refund Offset

Table 58 Federal Income Tax Refund Offset Program, FY 1997

Table 59 Federal Income Tax Refund Offset Program Collections for Five Consecutive Fiscal Years

Table 60 IRS Full Collections, FY 1997

Accounts Receivable - Current Amounts

Table 61 Amount of Current Support Due, FY 1997

Table 62 Amount of Current Support Received, FY 1997

Accounts Receivable - Prior Years' Amounts

Table 63 Amount of Prior Years' Support Due, FY 1997

Table 64 Amount of Prior Years' Support Received, FY 1997

Accounts Receivable - This Year's Amounts

Table 65 Amount of Support Due for Orders Entered This Year, FY 1997

Table 66 Amount of Support Received for Orders Entered This Year, FY 1997

Accounts Receivable - Current Orders

Table 67 Number of Orders for Current Support Where a Collection was Due, FY 1997

Table 68 Number of Orders for Current Support Where a Collection was Received, FY 1997

Accounts Receivable - Prior Years' Orders

Table 69 Number of Orders for Prior Years' Support Where a Collection was Due, FY 1997

Table 70 Number of Orders for Prior Years' Support Where a Collection was Received, FY 1997

Accounts Receivable - Orders Entered During the Year

Table 71 Number of Orders Entered This Year Where a Collection was Due, FY 1997

Table 72 Number of Orders Entered This Year Where a Collection was Received, FY 1997

Interstate Activity

Table 73 Cases Initiated in Reporting States By AFDC-TANF/FC, Non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF/FC Arrears Only, FY 1997

Table 74 Cases Initiated in Other States By AFDC-TANF/FC, Non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF/FC Arrears Only, FY 1997

Table 75 Cases in Which Collections Were Sent to Other States, FY 1997

Table 76 Cases in Which Collections Were Received from Other States, FY 1997

Table 77 Total Collections Made on Behalf of Other States, FY 1997

Table 78 Total Collections Received from Other States, FY 1997

The Child Support Enforcement Program

In 1975 Congress created the Child Support Enforcement (CSE) Program by enacting title IV-D of the Social Security Act for the purpose of establishing and enforcing the support obligations owed by noncustodial parents to their children.

The CSE Program is a joint undertaking involving Federal, State, and local cooperative efforts. Because the States and territories run their own CSE programs, there are 54 separate systems, each with is own unique laws and procedures.

The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) is the Federal agency that oversees administration of the CSE Program. Within DHHS, the Administration for Children and Families’ Office of Child Support Enforcement (OCSE) provides Federal oversight of the Program.

OCSE sets program standards and policy, evaluates States’ performance in conducting their programs, and offers technical assistance and training to States. It conducts audits of State program activities and operates the Federal Parent Locator Service, National Training, Center, and National Resource Center.

The Federal Government shares in the cost of funding the CSE Program by contributing to States’ administrative costs and providing incentive payments to States. OCSE acts in cooperation with the Internal Revenue Service in facilitating collection of overdue support from Federal income tax refunds.

State governments work directly with families through State child support enforcement agencies and/or their local counterparts. These agencies work closely with a variety of government entities in four areas: locating noncustodial parents; establishing paternity; establishing support orders; and collecting and distributing support.

CSE services are available automatically for families receiving assistance under the new Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Program. Current child support collected usually reimburses the State and Federal governments for TANF payments made to the family. In fiscal year 1997, a number of States opted (at their own expense) to pass through some portion of or all child support collected to the custodial TANF family. Child support services are also available to families not receiving TANF who apply for such services. Child support payments that are collected on behalf of nonTANF families are sent to the family. For these families, States must charge an application fee of up to $25 but may pay this fee from State funds.

State child support offices work with prosecuting attorneys and other law enforcement agencies to establish and enforce support orders. Each State CSE agency operates under a State plan approved by OCSE. State governments, and in some cases city, county, and/or local governments, participate in funding the program. In 1984,1988,1993, and 1996 Congress enacted significant amendments to the CSE program, providing the States with additional remedies to collect child support.

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA), signed by President Clinton into law on August 22, 1996, established the most sweeping revisions of the child support program to date. PRWORA provides States with new enforcement tools to ensure that children receive the support due them and that children are financially supported by both parents. The 1996 legislation also recognizes the importance of children’s access to their noncustodial parents by including grants to help States establish programs that support and facilitate noncustodial parents’ visitation with and access to their children. In addition, the law creates the National Directory of New Hires to help States with interstate enforcement efforts.

OCSE was one of a few Federal agencies selected to pilot the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) process, which reforms the way Federal agencies do business. With its State and other Federal partners, in fiscal year 1997 OCSE:

• continued to implement a national strategic plan that includes the CSE Program’s mission, vision, goals and objectives;
• collaborated on the development of fifteen outcome measures, including at least one for each goal and objective;
• recommended a performance-based incentive plan to Congress (proposed to be phased in beginning October 1, 1999) that would reward performance in five areas: establishment of paternities, establishment of support orders, collections on current support, collections on overdue support, and cost-effectiveness; and
• established workgroups of State and Federal representatives to revise data reporting forms so that information necessary to measure success in achieving strategic plan goals, calculate proposed incentives, and reduce reporting burdens was collected.

Fiscal Year 1997 Program Highlights

• Collected a record $13.4 billion, an increase of 70 percent since 1992.
• Collected a record $1 billion in delinquent child support by intercepting income tax refunds of nonpaying parents.
• Established paternity for more than one million children.
• Established 1.3 million new support orders.
• Located the income, assets, or employers of 6.4 million parents.
• Provided services to customers in over 19 million cases.

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996

Child Support Provisions

Under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA), each State must operate a child support enforcement program that meets Federal requirements in order to be eligible for Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) block grants. In addition, the law, which overhauled the nation’s welfare system, contains strong work requirements, a performance bonus to reward States for moving welfare recipients into jobs, State maintenance of effort requirements, comprehensive child support enforcement provisions, and support for families moving from welfare to work.

Through new hire reporting and other means, the new law expands information available to the CSE program to help locate noncustodial parents. This is not limited to information about the physical whereabouts of an individual but also includes information concerning the location and nature of assets owned by—or sources of income available to—an individual.

Under PRWORA, each State will maintain Case and Order Registries. These registries will be linked to a centralized Federal Case and Order Registry. All employers will be required to report information about newly hired employees to a State agency specifically designated to receive this information, and these reports will be shared with a Federal New Hire Registry. Additionally, all States will have access to information maintained by certain public and private entities, including financial institutions.

In addition to an expansion of the information resources available to the CSE Program, PRWORA includes a number of other improvements. States will be required to establish a single disbursement unit for the distribution of child support payments—providing employers with one address in each State for sending payments. States must make services available to residents of other States on the same basis as in-State residents and must handle interstate requests with the same priority as in-State cases. OCSE is required to produce new standardized interstate CSE support enforcement forms. States also must treat requests for services in cases referred by qualified foreign countries as a request from another State.

Also included: improvements to assist the States in collecting child support payments from employees of the Federal Government; a simplified process for periodic review and adjustment of child support orders; and an expansion of the use of credit bureau reporting.

An important part of the CSE program enhancements contained in PRWORA is the expansion of the administrative authority of State CSE agencies. All State CSE agencies will have the authority to: issue income withholding orders and subpoenas; order genetic testing in cases where paternity is in issue; intercept judgments, settlements, and lottery winnings; attach public and private retirement funds; and impose liens.

PRWORA also includes provisions to streamline the legal process for paternity establishment, making it easier and faster to establish paternities. Parties can be required to submit to genetic testing in contested paternity cases. The voluntary in-hospital paternity establishment program is expanded under PRWORA, as States are required to have a form incorporating uniform data elements for voluntary paternity acknowledgment. States also may enter into cooperative agreements with Indian tribes with established tribal court systems that can enter child support and paternity orders. Direct payments may be made to tribes with approved State child support plans.

In addition, States must publicize the availability of and encourage the use of voluntary paternity establishment processes. Individuals who fail to cooperate in establishing paternity, without a finding of good cause, will have their monthly case assistance reduced by at least 25 percent.

Other important provisions of the new law enable States to seize assets, revoke drivers and professional licenses, and require community service for past due support; and families that are no longer receiving welfare assistance to have priority in the distribution of monies collected toward child support arrears. Finally, PRWORA mandates that one percent of the Federal share of collections is to be appropriated for child support enforcement technical assistance, projects, research, and demonstrations.

Implementation

Federal Parent Locator Service

FPLS is a computerized national network to provide Social Security Numbers, addresses, and employer and wage information to State and local CSE agencies to establish and enforce child support orders. The FPLS uses the most current information available from the IRS, SSA, Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, and State Employment Security Agencies.

During fiscal year 1997, the FPLS processed approximately 4.9 million requests for information from State and local CSE agencies.

FPLS is expanded under PRWORA to include the National New Hire Directory and also a Federal Case Registry of child support orders. The expanded system will be implemented in several phases. During the transition period, the current FPLS will operate in parallel with the expanded system and will use the NDNH as a new source of locate information. Upon full implementation, the expanded FPLS will provide States with the most comprehensive and current locate information available to improve child support enforcement and increase financial support to the nation’s children.

National New Hire Reporting

A key provision of PRWORA is the National Directory of New Hires (NDNH), which will be the largest and most current database of newly hired employee information dedicated to locating noncustodial parents and enforcing child support orders. Since more than 30 percent of child support cases involve noncustodial parents who reside and/or work in a different State than their children, the creation of NDNH dramatically enhances a State’s ability to locate delinquent parents across State lines.

Under the system, all employers will report information about newly hired employees to a State Directory of New Hires (SDNH). The data will then be forwarded to the NDNH, where it will be matched against State child support information. Resulting matches will be reported to the appropriate State(s) for processing and enforcement. With 60 million new hire records expected annually, the NDNH will be a powerful new enforcement tool for States.

To ensure that States were prepared to transmit data by the October 1, 1997 deadline, OCSE provided timely, comprehensive technical assistance to all 50 States, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. As part of the assistance, OCSE provided the States with guides to implementation and data submission, as well as an information kit and companion video. The OCSE Webpage was also expanded to include a section on New Hire Reporting.

OCSE also undertook a major employer outreach initiative to complement and support State efforts, developing outreach materials targeted at the national employer community. In addition, OCSE representatives have coordinated and given presentations for employer organizations such as the National Alliance of Business, American Payroll Association, and American Society of Payroll Managers. A customer service telephone system information line staffed by OCSE representatives has also been established to answer employer questions on the program and/or to refer them to their State contact. During the last three months of fiscal year 1997, more than 9,000 calls were received. Most of the calls were from employers, who typically had questions about new hire reporting requirements or multistate employer issues.

Paternity Establishment

OCSE has established a Paternity Establishment Workgroup to provide a national focal point for State, regional, and federal efforts to increase paternity establishment for children born to unmarried parents. This Workgroup pays particular attention to projects that:(1) support States’ efforts to implement effective in-hospital and other early paternity acknowledgment programs; (2) help achieve the paternity establishment goals of the National Strategic Plan; and (3) implement the paternity establishment provisions of PRWORA.

An important requirement of PRWORA is a provision to streamline the legal process for paternity establishment, making it easier and faster to establish paternity. States are required to have a form incorporating uniform data elements for voluntary paternity acknowledgment. The Paternity Establishment Workgroup made recommendations in fiscal year 1997 as to which data elements were necessary or desirable for the form. After the Workgroup completed this task, OCSE published the data elements in an Action Transmittal. In addition, work began on a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to provide regulatory guidance on the new paternity provision, as required by the statute.

Members of the Paternity Establishment Workgroup also helped to develop, and participated in, three regional forums. These forums, well-attended by State staff from around the country, were held to raise issues and provide answers to questions related to the voluntary acknowledgment of paternity.

In addition, The Task Group on Public Education and Outreach (a sub group of the Paternity Establishment Workgroup) met for three days in June in Washington, DC and developed the production standards and criteria to be used in the procurement of a national video on paternity establishment for unwed parents. The video will explore the benefits, responsibilities, and legal consequences of signing a voluntary acknowledgment of paternity form.

This national video is expected to help State IV-D agencies, hospitals, vital record offices, and other designated entities comply with the PRWORA requirement that unwed parents be advised orally of their rights and responsibilities prior to signing a voluntary acknowledgment.

Interstate

The child support provisions of PRWORA require all States to adopt the Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (UIFSA) by January 1, 1998. By the end of fiscal year 1997, 41 States and the District of Columbia had already implemented UIFSA. Four other States had enacted it into State law but were delaying its implementation.

UIFSA was drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL) and approved by the American Bar Association in 1993 as a replacement for the Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act (URESA), the model interstate child support enforcement law dating back to the 1950s. URESA required enacting States to reciprocate in the enforcement of duties of support, but, since it was a State law, States enacted various forms of it. This made the interstate enforcement of support difficult in many cases.

In contrast, UIFSA provides for uniform rules, procedures, and forms for interstate cases. To inform the child support community, in November, 1996 OCSE issued the July 18, 1996 version of UIFSA, which modified the 1992 version, with a memo from NCCUSL explaining changes. OCSE reissued this version in March, 1997 along with revised comments.

In fiscal year 1997, OCSE continued to work collaboratively with the States to facilitate the transition from URESA to UIFSA. To this end, in March, 1997 OCSE issued the notes from a pair of retreats at which Federal, State, and local interstate child support professionals developed recommended "best practices" for use by the States’ child support programs in implementing UIFSA.

The efforts of OCSE’s Interstate Forms Workgroup, composed of Federal, State, and local staff, resulted in the issuance of standard Federal forms compatible with UIFSA. In March, 1997 OCSE issued the Interstate Subpoena, the Notice of Interstate Lien, and the Order/Notice, as required by PRWORA. In May, 1997 the agency released the approved Federal standard interstate child support enforcement forms required by Federal regulations, along with instructions for each form.

In addition, Federal child support staff formed an Interstate Workgroup (separate from the Forms Workgroup) to compile and respond to State questions on implementing the new Interstate and UIFSA requirements.

Automated Systems

Fiscal year 1997 efforts to provide assistance to States in developing statewide automated child support enforcement systems focused on two fronts: helping States meet the revised deadline for having a statewide automated system that met the functional requirements of the Family Support Act before October 1, 1997, as required by the statute; and helping them initiate the implementation of PRWORA’s automation requirements.

To address its first priority, OCSE conducted on-site visits to every State and territory in fiscal year 1997. These visits included 39 on-site reviews, providing technical assistance to States in various stages of developing an automated system that met the requirements of the Family Support Act of 1988. Nine full certification reviews, involving several days of on-site technical assistance, were conducted for States with child support automated systems that were being implemented statewide. An additional four reviews were conducted on systems that were being piloted in one or more counties. Twelve States received functional reviews to determine their readiness to pilot the system either on a statewide or county-by-county basis. Another 14 on-site visits were conducted by Central and Regional OCSE systems staff to provide a wide range of technical assistance requested by the States.

OCSE determined that such on-site visits were invaluable and strengthened its commitment to providing useful assistance to States. The visits had a two-fold value: they helped OCSE assess the readiness of States in meeting automation requirements; and States could focus on areas that needed enhancements or changes in order to meet certification requirements.

In fiscal year 1997 OCSE certified seven additional States as meeting the automation requirements of the 1988 Family Support Act. These States were: Colorado, Idaho, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, and Wisconsin. This brought to 17 the total number of States whose automated systems had been certified by OCSE.

Congress required all States to meet the systems-related requirements of the Family Support Act of 1988 no later than October 1, 1997. State unable to meet this deadline would not be able to maintain an approved CSE state plan. Without an approved plan, a State cannot receive Federal funding for its child support program. Because of the importance of statewide, automated CSE systems to the success of the child support program, on September 17, 1997, Secretary Shalala wrote the Governors of all States whose CSE automated systems had not yet been certified pledging OCSE's technical assistance and urging the Governors to increase the priority of this activity.

By the end, however, of fiscal year 1997 (and before the October, 1997 deadline) another 18 States indicated that they had implemented their statewide child support systems, bringing to 35 the number of States that, by the end of fiscal year 1997, had statewide operational child support automated systems that met the functional requirements of the Family Support Act of 1988. (On-site visits to these States, though not made until

early in fiscal year 1998, verified the claims.)

To meet the needs of its second priority, implementing the requirements of PRWORA, OCSE proactively formed several national workgroups, comprised of State, Federal, and local representatives to study the legislation in detail. The impact on automated systems was carefully monitored and analyzed to determine how automated systems would meet the statutory requirements. By the time the legislation had passed in August, 1996, OCSE was well prepared to assist States in implementing PRWORA.

In fiscal year 1997, OCSE provided States with a high-level analysis of the requirements of PRWORA. This analysis indicated that the new requirements redefined the way States would need to design, enhance, modify, and implement their automated systems. Not only, for example, would a State have to have a system to process data for its own enforcement needs, but there were now demands for State data at a national level for the ever-growing and very complex interstate caseload.

Under PRWORA, States would have to develop often entirely new databases or directories of information, as well as develop interfaces to transmit and receive information from other States and the national level databases. This would require that new batch processes and locate sources be developed and added to the current systems.

Additionally, to assist States with implementation of the automation provisions of PRWORA, OCSE:

• Issued OCSE Action Transmittal 96-10, which provided guidance on the funding for developing statewide automated systems;

• Developed draft regulations implementing provisions of PRWORA and convened a State/Federal workgroup to develop the new legislative functional requirements for automated CSE systems;

• Awarded a contract to assist in revising the OCSE Financial Distribution Test Deck to reflect PRWORA child support distribution scenarios over a fiscal quarter. This financial test deck generator is a software application that permits each State to select from the options provided in PRWORA to distribute child support payments. The test deck provides assistance to the States in the design and development, as well as testing, of PRWORA’s child support distribution requirements and options.

Audit

The rules for auditing State CSE programs changed under PRWORA. Audit requirements emphasize performance outcomes instead of processes. This means that the Federal Government’s oversight responsibilities balance with the States’ responsibilities for child support service delivery and fiscal accountability.

Under PRWORA, State child support agencies will be required to perform an annual review of their operations to assess whether they are meeting Federal requirements for providing child support services, including expedited processes. States will report performance indicators to demonstrate how they will meet proposed performance standards. States that meet or exceed the standards for each of the performance measures will become eligible for incentive payments.

In the change from a process-based system to a performance-based system, a PRWORA requirement stipulates that once every three years OCSE will assess the accuracy, completeness, reliability, and security of a State’s computer-processed data and of the reporting systems used to calculate its performance indicators. As part of the assessment, OCSE auditors will test the general and application controls and data produced by the State’s system to ensure that it is complete and reliable.

OCSE has the legislative requirement to evaluate the adequacy of the financial management of a State’s program. Specifically, OCSE Division of Audit is mandated to perform administrative cost audits and reviews to determine whether collections and disbursements of support payments are being carried out correctly and are fully accounted for.

The primary objective of the administrative cost audits is to determine whether:

• Costs claimed by the State for Federal reimbursement are allowable, allocable, and reasonable to the child support program; and

• The State has sufficient internal controls in operation to effectively ensure that costs claimed are valid and adequately supported.

These audits will help OCSE ensure that States bear their fair share of child support costs.

In fiscal year 1997, the OCSE Division of Audit issued final reports to five States based on revised Program Results/ Performance Measurements audits of their programs covering various audit periods from 1995 through 1996. These audits were conducted using the revised audit regulations, which were effective for audit periods beginning on or after December 23, 1994. The reports were advisory in nature and were not intended to reflect whether these States had an effective child support program in substantial compliance with title IV-D requirements for purposes of initiating sanctions.

OCSE continued to focus its audit process on evaluating the States’ financial and statistical data reporting systems and related areas, which will be used to measure progress in the future. OCSE issued 12 Reporting System Review reports in 1997, as well as four Limited Cost Review reports.

Additionally, OCSE Audit continued performing Undistributed Collections Reviews to evaluate the handling of these collections; determine the accuracy of undistributed collections amounts reported by States; and analyze the States’ efforts to reduce their undistributed collections balance. In fiscal year 1997, three States were issued final reports.

Deficiencies noted in four of the five Program Results and Performance Measurements audits were in the criteria of "Establishment of Paternity and Support," "Review and Adjustment of Support Orders," and "Medical Support." These States did not, in 75 percent of the cases reviewed, perform all requirements for establishing paternity and support. The States did not meet, in 75 percent of the cases reviewed, all requirements to periodically review and adjust, if necessary, current support orders. Finally, the States did not meet all requirements to ensure the inclusion of medical support in the support orders, where applicable, and/or obtain all medical support information required by Federal regulations.

Deficiencies noted in the reporting system reviews issued in fiscal year 1997 covered all three areas of the States’ reporting systems: collections, expenditures, and statistical. Five of the 10 collections systems reviewed were found to be reliable, along with 10 of the 11 expenditures systems and 5 of the 11 States’ statistical systems. Improvements were suggested for the reporting systems in all States reviewed. Problems included reporting interest income and other program income. We also found that some system definitions, as well as data reported, for the individual line items on each of the Federal reports were not consistent with Federal reporting requirements.

Deficiencies noted in the four Limited Cost Reviews completed in fiscal year 1997 included contractor costs incorrectly charged to the program. Also, one State did not report cost recoveries related to laboratory paternity determinations. Two States claimed bad debt losses related to nonsufficient fund checks and adjustments to IRS offsets. These unallowable claims resulted in recommended refunds to the Federal Government of $61,636 and $35,176. The same review also showed unreported interest income of $227,354.

Deficiencies in the three Undistributed Collections Reports issued in fiscal year 1997 included instances where not all collections received were included in States’ reports and returned payments were not researched timely for correct addresses of recipients.

Self Assessment

In fiscal year 1997, the Division of Audit expanded its technical assistance activity in the area of Self-Assessment (State-level self-review/monitoring) by forming a workgroup composed of 14 Federal and 10 State representatives. The objectives of the workgroup were to: (1) define the criteria that States would be required to address in their annual reports to the Commissioner of OCSE; (2) establish a process or methodology to be used to review the criteria; and (3) develop a suggested format to be used to report the results of these reviews. To accomplish their objectives, the workgroup held two meetings and conferred on a biweekly basis through group conference calls and drafted three documents to meet the established objectives. All three documents were sent to each State IV-D director for review and comment.

Other Activities and Accomplishments

The Big 8 Initiative

This effort is targeted at those eight States that have the largest caseloads: California, Florida, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas. Together, their caseloads and distributed collections make up nearly 50 percent of the national total.

The Big 8 partnership is designed as one of the key activities to achieve national goals and meet expectations that child support is an integral part of achieving real welfare reform. A central part of the effort is coordinating with senior officials and technical experts in headquarters, regional offices, and the field to take advantage of the rich body of experience available in all States. The partnership seeks to build models and new processes aimed toward high volume and high impact which can be replicated in all States to benefit children and families. Priority issues before the group are systems development, cases without orders, and creative planning to dramatically increase paternity establishment and collections.

Law Enforcement

OCSE’s law enforcement initiative is an effort to build partnerships among Federal, State, and local law enforcement and the child support enforcement community. Commissioned as a new program in April of 1997, the goal for fiscal year 1997 has been

to acquaint law enforcement executives with the PRWORA legislation and provide them with background on the history and philosophy of child support enforcement.

To achieve this, over 200 chiefs of police, elected sheriffs, and other criminal justice and child support officials were brought together for two days of interactive conversation and problem solving. As a result, partnerships have begun to be developed among OCSE, the International Association of Chiefs of Police, and the HHS Inspector General’s Office of Criminal Investigations. The law enforcement initiative also serves as liaison with the Department of Justice regarding the referral and prosecution of cases under the Child Support Recovery Act.

Technical Assistance and Training

Within OCSE, the Division of State and Local Assistance (DSLA) consists of the National Training Center, the Technical Assistance Branch, and the Special Initiatives Branch. DSLA works in partnership with the Training and Technical Assistance Workgroups, the regional offices, other OCSE components, national organizations such as the National Child Support Enforcement Association and Eastern Regional Interstate Enforcement Association, State CSE agencies, and private partners to provide leadership on special initiatives and to develop technical assistance and training strategies to address State needs.

In fiscal year 1997 the national Technical Assistance Workgroup and the regional offices worked together to develop a streamlined needs assessment instrument. Using the instrument, State technical assistance and training needs were identified and grouped into five broad areas: distribution and centralized collections; enforcement; interstate; paternity establishment; and systems and management. DSLA coordinated with other OCSE components and the regional offices to ensure that these areas were addressed. For example, numerous forums, conferences, and retreats were conducted, such as: a retreat on administrative enforcement and interstate liens; another on UIFSA and one-State interstate; several paternity establishment forums; a review and adjustment forum; a cooperation/good cause and domestic violence forum; and a series of workshops for partners on such topics as law enforcement, the courts, Head Start, Child Welfare, and TANF.

Other technical assistance, special initiatives, and training activities to assist states included:

• Development of a national electronic child support resource system (NECSRS). NECSRS will provide users with timely and easy access to the wealth of child support resources provided by Federal, State, local agencies, and tribal organizations. It will facilitate access to these resources via the OCSE Webpage with Internet links to other Federal, State, local, and tribal Websites;

• Development of distance learning and computer-based training which can be tailored for individual State needs. Through an Interagency Agreement with the Graduate School, U.S. Department of Agriculture, OCSE is developing six computer-based training (CBT) courses for use by the child support community. These are to be distributed in 1998. The topics include Orientation to Child Support, Locate, Paternity Establishment, Enforcement, Interstate Case Processing, and Distribution;

• Development of new special initiatives to promote the involvement of the judiciary and the financial industry in child support issues; and of medical support and interstate enforcement to improve services in these areas to children and families.

• Development of resource materials to further assist States. These included: CSE PRWORA resource lists; a compendium of State best practices; a paper on good cause cooperation and domestic violence; a summary of the one-state interstate retreat; interstate forms; direct withholding forms; a matrix on state license restrictions, suspensions, and revocations; an interstate course curriculum; and legislative implementation guides; and

• Development of trainer skills through training of trainer (TOT) course deliveries and OCSE’s Seventh National Training Conference, which was attended by 450 State and local CSE trainers and practitioners. The theme of this conference was strengthening agencies to strengthen families through partnerships, collaboration, and technology.

Tribal Outreach

Four State/tribal cooperative agreements were funded under section 1115 of the Social Security Act. The purpose: to demonstrate new approaches between States and tribal entities aimed at improving the delivery of child support services on tribal lands. The approved applicants were North Dakota, Oklahoma, Washington, State, and Wisconsin.

North Dakota’s agreement focused on the development of tribal child support codes by the Northern Plains Tribal Judicial Training Institute with possible enactment by Turtle Mountain Chippewa, Spirit Lake, Standing Rock Sioux, and the Three Affiliated Tribes. Oklahoma and the Chickasaw tribe will establish an agreement to provide child support services on tribal lands. Washington State and the Northwest Tribal Judges Association will jointly develop a child support reference book for tribal judges. Wisconsin will develop a cooperative agreement with the Menominee Tribe for operation of a child support program on reservation lands.

Advocates

As part of its outreach on PRWORA regulations development, OCSE conducted a two-hour consultation with advocates on the access and visitation provisions of the new law. The meeting, a nationwide video/audio conference held simultaneously in the central office and the regions,and via phone lines, drew more than 100 participants. Those who took part represented a broad array of child support advocacy organizations, as well as organizations focusing on domestic violence and judicial/legal matters related to child support.

Access and Visitation

Ten million dollars in access and visitation grants in response to applications were provided to all States and territories for fiscal year 1997. States are using the funds for

mediation, parental education, counseling, supervised and monitored visitation, development of parenting plans, neutral drop-off and pick-up sites, guidelines for visitation, and alternative custody arrangements.

Collaboration/Partnerships

OCSE and other ACF programs began to combine their efforts to bring awareness of child support services to eligible single-parent families participating in other ACF programs, such as Child Care and Head Start. Examples include CSE and Child Care staff making presentations at each others’ conferences and workshops, and a joint letter from the Commissioners of Child Support and Head Start to promote CSE services for Head Start single-parent families.

Faith-based Outreach

In fiscal year 1997 OCSE began an effort to expand its outreach to include faith-based organizations. Section 104 of PRWORA allows Federal, State, and local governments to partner with "charitable, religious, or private organizations" in providing services to persons in need. This presents a window of opportunity for OCSE to expand its outreach efforts to include faith-based organizations, which routinely deal with families in crisis. Working with charitable and faith-based organizations is expected to connect the child support community with a greater number of mothers and fathers and, it is hoped, motivate more parents to accept their financial and emotional responsibilities to their children.

Customer Service

• OCSE Webpage

OCSE continued in fiscal year 1997 to provide information over the Internet in a timely fashion. The addition of complete site maps, improved navigation tools, and general helps to users increased the usefulness of OCSE’s Webpage. These improvements made the Webpage a more effective and user-friendly means to finding OCSE resource material and researching child support related topics.

The Webpage includes a "feedback" page that enables individuals to provide comments or inquire about their cases. Through this function, OCSE received and responded to hundreds of public inquiries over the Internet. Information placed on the Internet during the year via OCSE’s Webpage included basic program information, newsletters and announcements, reports, policy documents, IV-D related information from outside the agency, and links to State child support Websites. Through its CD-ROM project, OCSE is able to provide program information to States that do not have Internet capability.

• Public Inquiries

In fiscal year 1997 OCSE’s public inquiries unit responded to nearly 4,500 written inquiries and more than 8,200 telephone calls. The public inquiries site on the Internet triggered an additional 1,200 messages with questions about child support laws and practices. As children are the beneficiaries of the child support program, on their behalf OCSE provides general and specific information and referrals, as appropriate, to custodial and noncustodial parents, advocates, Congressional staff, and members of special interest groups.

• National Resource Center

OCSE’s National Resource Center receives and responds to requests for child support publications and materials from a variety of sources. Requests by telephone and mail, for example, come from academic institutions, advocacy groups, child support enforcement offices, Congressional staff, consultants, courts, employers, Federal agencies, judges, lawyers, private citizens, and State and local government. During fiscal year 1997, more than 4,000 requests for publications were received by the Center. In response, nearly 55,000 publications were mailed, including more than 32,000 copies of the popular "Handbook on Child Support Enforcement," a how-to guide to help parents get the child support payments their children need and deserve.

• Hispanic Initiatives

During fiscal year 1997, OCSE’s Hispanic action items included: informing OCSE policymakers about Hispanics; designing OCSE information about child support enforcement for Hispanic families; and partnering with national and community-based Latino organizations. OCSE has established in-house Hispanic expertise for outreach and communications, as well as the use of culturally effective media and methods.

OCSE materials are not just translated but adapted culturally for Latinos. OCSE publishes its FACT Sheet and other information in Spanish and makes program information available in Spanish on its Webpage. In addition, the OCSE Handbook was adapted into Spanish for Latino families as "Mi Familia, Nuestra Vida." Distributed to OCSE’s national network, Migrant Head Start grantees, and to all States, it is available by request from the OCSE National Resource Center. "Mi Familia, Nuestra Vida" also is available for reading and downloading on the OCSE Webpage.

• Customer Satisfaction Surveys

OCSE continued to be heavily invested in customer service activities during fiscal year 1997. A joint Federal/State/local child support customer service workgroup oversaw the completion of a project that determined it would be feasible to develop a national customer service satisfaction survey. In addition, a customer satisfaction survey instrument developed by the workgroup for States to use on a voluntary basis in determining the satisfaction of customers with their child support program services was tested in a series of noncustodial focus groups. The focus group participants gave accounts of their experiences with the child support program and made recommendations to make the instrument more relevant and useful for noncustodial parents.

• Child Support Report

OCSE’s national monthly newsletter provides useful and timely information about the program to those who work in the field and to other interested individuals and organizations. By keeping abreast of national CSE issues and learning about what other States are doing, caseworkers, managers, and agency directors in the States can improve their own practices. PRWORA was a focus of coverage in fiscal year 1997. Articles included: "Reform: for the Sake of the Children;" "A Brief Look at the Welfare Reform Bill;" "Welfare Reform: A State Perspective" (in two parts); "Meeting the New Hire Deadline;" and "Incentive Funding Recommendations."

• Children Today

OCSE’s Division of Consumer Services produced a special child support enforcement issue of ACF’s publication, Children Today.

Research

During fiscal year 1997, OCSE awarded 24 research and demonstration grants to 18 States. The total amount awarded for all the grants was $1.4 million. As indicated below, these projects, which are envisioned as 3-year demonstrations, encompass a wide array of child support activities.

• Access and Visitation (California): Providing noncustodial parents with employment and access and visitation assistance through a comprehensive mix of services and motivation to become responsible parents;

• Agencies Demonstration (Alaska): A statewide project to use modern technology to periodically collect income information from various sources to be used for reviewing and adjusting child support orders;

• Assurance Program (Minnesota): Design and test a child support assurance program model that is adapted to the post-PWORA world;

• Child Welfare Programs (South Carolina): Demonstrate the use of location services available to support enforcement agencies to facilitate family preservation through the placement of children currently in foster care with a biological parent;

• Children First (Puerto Rico): Waive the application and fee for nonTANF cases so that cases can receive expedited follow-up services as needed;

Domestic Violence

• (Massachusetts): Test different approaches to handling TANF/IV-D cases with a history of domestic violence;

• (Missouri): Increase knowledge about domestic violence, increase the safety of victims of domestic violence and increase collections on behalf of these families;

• (New York): Assess the magnitude of cooperation compliance issues, develop and implement a model cooperation compliance process, and test variations to the cooperation compliance model in selected jurisdictions;

Fatherhood

• (Maryland): Assist noncustodial parents who need social, employment, or access and visitation services with a comprehensive mix of services and motivation to assist them to be responsible parents;

• (Washington State): Increase the incomes, child support compliance, and fatherhood involvement of low or no income custodial parents;

Head Start and Child Care

• (Alaska): to develop and implement models of collaboration between Child Support Enforcement, Child Care, and Head Start programs at State and local levels;

• (Connecticut): Develop and implement models of collaboration between Child Support Enforcement, Child Care, and Head Start programs at State and local levels;

• (Illinois): Develop and implement models of collaboration between Child Support Enforcement, Child Care, and Head Start programs at State and local levels;

• (Maryland): Develop and implement models of collaboration between Child Support Enforcement, Child Care, and Head Start programs at State and local levels;

• (Minnesota): Develop and implement models of collaboration between Child Support Enforcement, Child Care, and Head Start programs at State and local levels;

• (Missouri): Develop and implement models of collaboration between Child Support Enforcement, Child Care, and Head Start programs at State and local levels;

• Interviewing and Client Referral Services (Minnesota): Demonstrate and evaluate a coordinated IV-A/IV-D process to increase the cooperation of custodial parents who receive public assistance in establishing paternity and obtaining child support payments;

Parenting

• (Missouri): Assist noncustodial parents who need social, employment, or access and visitation services with a comprehensive mix of services and motivation to assist them to be responsible parents;

• (Wisconsin): Assist noncustodial parents who need social, employment, or access and visitation services with a comprehensive mix of services and motivation to assist them to be responsible parents;

• (New Hampshire): Assist noncustodial parents who need social, employment, or access and visitation services with a comprehensive mix of services and motivation to assist them to be responsible parents;

• (Colorado): Assist noncustodial parents who need social, employment, or access and visitation services with a comprehensive mix of services and motivation to assist them to be responsible parents;

Review and Adjust

• (Maine): Demonstrate the effectiveness of an on-going automated interface with the courts in increasing the number of modifications of child support orders through automated review and adjustment;

• (Oklahoma): Inform parents about new laws regarding requesting review and adjustment through an intense public information campaign; and

• (Vermont): Test streamlined methods for reviewing and adjusting child support orders by concentrating on an automated approach.

APPENDIX A:

1997 Program Results

*The total IV-D Child Support caseload is an average of the quarterly case counts of all noncustodial parents who are now or may eventually be obligated under law for the support of one or more dependent children. Cases where families were referred to the Child Support agency because they are receiving AFDC/TANF and title IV-E Foster Care are classified as AFDC/TANF/FC cases; cases where the custodial parents applied for child support enforcement services or are receiving Medicaid but not AFDC/TANF services are called non-AFDC/TANF cases. Nationally, the Child Support Enforcement program had 19.0 million cases in FY 1997, a decrease of more than one percent over fiscal year 1996 and an increase of 11 percent since FY 1993. This decrease in total caseload is attributed to the declining number of AFDC/TANF/AFDC Arrears cases resulting from the initiatives of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. During the five-year period from 1993 to 1997, the non-AFDC/TANF portion of the caseload increased by 32 percent, while the AFDC/TANF and AFDC/TANF Arrears caseload has decreased by 5 percent.

Some States voluntarily report in-hospital information to OCSE. In-hospital numbers include an unknown number of acknowledgments for children in the IV-D caseload and children outside the IV-D caseload.

*The number of children for whom paternity has been established has grown steadily over the past five years. The combined total of in-hospital paternities acknowledged and IV-D paternities established was 1,290,055 for fiscal year 1997. In fiscal year 1993, 554,289 IV-D paternities were established by the State Child Support Enforcement agencies. By 1997, this had increased by 45 percent to 803,504 paternities established. The total number of in-hospital paternities acknowledgments for fiscal year 1997 was 486,551. In-hospital paternities are reported on a voluntary basis. In FY 1997, 40 States reported in-hospital information.

*The legal establishment of an order to pay child support is a prerequisite to collecting child support. In FY 1997, the Child Support Enforcement program established 1,250,490 support orders. The number of child support orders established have increased by more than 22 percent over the last five years.

States report the number of cases remaining open on the last day of each quarter that have support orders established. Of the 19.1 million cases in the child support caseload in FY 1997, 58 percent had support orders (53.8% of AFDC/TANF cases and 61.0% of Non-AFDC/TANF cases had orders).

States report the number of cases in which a collection was made during the second month of each quarter. In FY 1997 there were 4.2 million cases with a collection in the Child Support Enforcement program. This is an increase of 7 percent over FY 1996. Paying cases accounted for 22 percent of the Child Support Enforcement caseload; this figure has risen since FY 1993 when the figure was 18.3 percent.

*Total child support collections are the amounts collected by the program and distributed during the year on behalf of families receiving benefits from the AFDC/TANF, Title IV-E foster care and Medicaid programs and non-AFDC/TANF families who have applied for child support services. In FY 1997, collections reached a record high of $13.3 billion, an 11 percent increase over FY 1996 and an increase of over 49 percent since FY 1993. For FY 1997, Non-AFDC/TANF collections accounted for almost 79 percent of the total amount collected.

*AFDC/TANF collections, including title IV-E Foster Care collections, amounted to $2.8 billion in FY 1997. This is a decrease of .4 percent over the previous year and 18 percent since FY 1993. This decrease can be attributed to the decrease in the AFDC/TANF caseload in FY 1997.

*The Federal and State governments retain portions of AFDC/TANF child support collections as reimbursement for (title IV-A) AFDC/TANF payments to families. In FY 1997, States kept almost $1.2 billion as their share of AFDC/TANF payment reimbursements and received an additional $412 million in collection incentives from the Federal share of AFDC/TANF collections. The Federal share of the $2.8 billion collected in AFDC/TANF cases amounted to slightly more than $1.0 million. In FY 1997, AFDC/TANF families received over $157 million in support collections through the Child Support Enforcement program.

*Non-AFDC/TANF distributed collections are child support payments made on behalf of and distributed to families who have applied for Child Support Enforcement services. In FY 1997 non-AFDC/TANF collections rose to $10.5 billion, an increase of almost 15 percent since the previous year and a 62 percent increase since FY 1993.

*Collections made on behalf of families in other States totaled a record $983 million in FY 1997, an increase of 10 percent. In five years, interstate collections rose by 36 percent: these increases may reflect better communications and cooperation among the States. A State's distributed collections amount does not include collections made on behalf of other States. Hence, total distributed collections do not reflect the efforts put forth by one State to collect for another. In some cases, a substantial amount of child support is collected by one State on behalf of other States.

*There are various ways in which child support payments are made. Wage withholding, withholding of unemployment compensation, and State income tax refund offsets are all powerful enforcement techniques. However, wage withholding is by far the most effective, totaling 56 percent of all collections in FY 1997. Federal and State income tax refund offsets contributed 8 percent and 1 percent, respectively; and the withholding of unemployment compensation accounted for about 2 percent of total collections. The remaining 34 percent of collections was obtained from parents who sent their child support payments directly to the State Child Support Enforcement agency, payments received through other enforcement techniques, or collections received from other States.

*Accounts receivable data present the total dollar amount of child support payments due and received by IV-D agencies. Information reported for FY 1997 indicates that $17.6 billion in current support and $44.6 billion in prior years support was due. Almost $9.5 billion or 54 percent of the current support due was collected. Of prior year’s support due, only $3.2 billion or 7 percent was collected. Comparisons of States' accounts receivable data are complicated because States count arrearages differently based on State laws and practices. For example, some States have statutes of limitations governing collection of debt, some assess interest on arrearages which becomes part of the amount due, and some have policies for writing off bad debts.

*Total expenditures are the net amounts of combined Federal and State funds expended on the operation of the CSE program. The amounts reported are reduced by the amount of program income (fees and costs recovered in excess of fees, interest earned, and other program income received) received by the States. Total expenditures were $3.4 billion in FY 1997, an increase of about 13 percent over FY 1996. Of this $3.4 billion, $2.3 billion was the Federal share and $1.1 billion was the States' share. The increases in program costs over the last five years are heavily impacted by the costs of developing and implementing automated systems, as required by the Family Support Act of 1988.

*ADP expenditures are for the planning, development, and implementation of automated child support systems and for the acquisition of operational hardware utilized in these systems. ADP expenditures at the enhanced rate was $245.1 million in FY 1997 compared to $163 million in FY 1996.

*Nationally, almost $4.00 in child support payments are collected for every $1.00 spent to administer the Child Support Enforcement program. During the five-year period FY 1993 to FY 1997, the ratio of total child support collections to total administrative costs has fluctuated between $3.98 to $3.59 and remains in the vicinity of $4.00. This variation in cost effectiveness is largely due to the increases in expenditures for automated systems, which should have a long-term beneficial impact on future program performance.

FY 97 Box Scores by State

Alabama %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $170,581,427 8.0 * TANF/FC $23,360,517 -0.4 * Non-TANF $147,220,910 9.5 Total Expenditures $41,252,000 -10.9 Cost Effectiveness $4.14 21.3 * TANF/FC $0.57 11.8 * Non-TANF $3.57 23.0 Paternities Established 12,096 -19.2 * IV-D 6,558 -7.7 * Acknowledgements 5,538 -29.7 Orders Established 17,683 48.2 Locations 35,792 -19.1 Full Time Equiv. Staff 740 -0.7 Total Caseload 369,043 -4.8 * TANF/FC Arrears 116,008 -4.5	Alaska %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $64,919,032 12.5 * TANF/FC $20,636,510 11.8 * Non-TANF $44,282,522 12.8 Total Expenditures $18,669,000 7.1 Cost Effectiveness $3.48 5.1 * TANF/FC $1.11 4.4 * Non-TANF $2.37 5.4 Paternities Established 3,228 247.5 * IV-D 1,025 10.3 * Acknowledgements 2,203 NA Orders Established 3,279 0.5 Locations 19,512 -14.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 238 13.3 Total Caseload 57,847 3.6 * TANF/FC Arrears 32,911 2.7
Arizona %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $132,048,847 16.4 * TANF/FC $26,030,525 9.6 * Non-TANF $106,018,322 18.2 Total Expenditures $49,086,000 4.6 Cost Effectiveness $2.69 11.2 * TANF/FC $0.53 4.7 * Non-TANF $2.16 12.9 Paternities Established 23,350 33.5 * IV-D 10,454 5.0 * Acknowledgements 12,896 71.0 Orders Established 7,517 3.4 Locations 64,719 1.2 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,102 1.6 Total Caseload 271,587 -0.2 * TANF/FC Arrears 132,732 -0.1	Arkansas %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $91,457,022 15.1 * TANF/FC $19,876,008 0.7 * Non-TANF $71,581,014 19.9 Total Expenditures $46,273,000 61.4 Cost Effectiveness $1.98 -28.7 * TANF/FC $0.43 -37.6 * Non-TANF $1.55 -25.7 Paternities Established 12,436 -11.9 * IV-D 7,122 -14.0 * Acknowledgements 5,314 -8.8 Orders Established 7,437 -13.7 Locations 81,534 -17.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 633 3.3 Total Caseload 137,754 0.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 64,057 -2.7
California %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $1,174,214,624 13.5 * TANF/FC $544,639,364 9.8 * Non-TANF $629,575,260 17.0 Total Expenditures $513,659,000 17.3 Cost Effectiveness $2.29 -3.2 * TANF/FC $1.06 -6.4 * Non-TANF $1.23 -0.3 Paternities Established 286,133 40.3 * IV-D 200,272 9.2 * Acknowledgements 85,861 319.0 Orders Established 222,662 13.3 Locations 867,471 -1.2 Full Time Equiv. Staff 6,436 0.0 Total Caseload 2,277,401 -7.8 * TANF/FC Arrears 1,524,780 -9.0	Colorado %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $123,564,692 14.1 * TANF/FC $36,950,268 3.9 * Non-TANF $86,614,424 19.2 Total Expenditures $40,282,000 5.0 Cost Effectiveness $3.07 8.7 * TANF/FC $0.92 -1.1 * Non-TANF $2.15 13.5 Paternities Established 12,733 11.6 * IV-D 5,294 -10.4 * Acknowledgements 7,439 35.2 Orders Established 9,608 7.9 Locations 64,798 10.1 Full Time Equiv. Staff 653 3.5 Total Caseload 211,214 5.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 108,627 0.4
Connecticut %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $141,543,436 13.0 * TANF/FC $60,342,040 11.1 * Non-TANF $81,201,396 14.5 Total Expenditures $45,879,000 6.6 Cost Effectiveness $3.09 6.0 * TANF/FC $1.32 4.2 * Non-TANF $1.77 7.4 Paternities Established 10,589 6.2 * IV-D 8,333 0.2 * Acknowledgements 2,256 36.2 Orders Established 24,612 -3.4 Locations 59,858 57.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 506 -1.4 Total Caseload 235,005 -0.2 * TANF/FC Arrears 142,696 1.2	D.C. %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $29,906,318 7.6 * TANF/FC $5,631,212 -6.6 * Non-TANF $24,275,106 11.6 Total Expenditures $9,938,000 -15.0 Cost Effectiveness $3.01 26.6 * TANF/FC $0.57 9.9 * Non-TANF $2.44 31.3 Paternities Established 5,406 21.5 * IV-D 1,366 -7.8 * Acknowledgements 4,040 36.2 Orders Established 1,210 6.8 Locations 6,379 -58.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 215 -2.3 Total Caseload 104,606 4.2 * TANF/FC Arrears 39,969 -9.1
Delaware %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $38,616,387 9.1 * TANF/FC $7,962,068 -4.2 * Non-TANF $30,654,319 13.2 Total Expenditures $17,333,000 22.3 Cost Effectiveness $2.23 -10.8 * TANF/FC $0.46 -21.7 * Non-TANF $1.77 -7.5 Paternities Established 6,128 23.2 * IV-D 3,085 -12.4 * Acknowledgements 3,043 109.3 Orders Established 2,339 -22.6 Locations 36,179 12.5 Full Time Equiv. Staff 200 17.0 Total Caseload 58,798 4.7 * TANF/FC Arrears 25,890 -0.6	Florida %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $472,988,063 15.0 * TANF/FC $88,481,832 10.4 * Non-TANF $384,506,231 16.2 Total Expenditures $140,487,078 6.9 Cost Effectiveness $3.37 7.6 * TANF/FC $0.63 3.2 * Non-TANF $2.74 8.6 Paternities Established 20,535 NA * IV-D 20,535 11.9 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 20,877 47.0 Locations 41,425 3.7 Full Time Equiv. Staff 2,796 11.2 Total Caseload 940,502 -7.5 * TANF/FC Arrears 360,857 -17.6
Georgia %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $278,059,999 3.5 * TANF/FC $77,172,899 -24.6 * Non-TANF $200,887,100 20.9 Total Expenditures $71,589,000 4.5 Cost Effectiveness $3.88 -0.9 * TANF/FC $1.08 -27.9 * Non-TANF $2.81 15.7 Paternities Established 13,934 9.2 * IV-D 6,923 120.1 * Acknowledgements 7,011 -27.1 Orders Established 31,852 19.0 Locations 58,812 69.6 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,167 1.4 Total Caseload 512,691 -1.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 219,426 -8.8	Guam %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $6,681,544 -0.8 * TANF/FC $1,320,394 -34.1 * Non-TANF $5,361,150 13.3 Total Expenditures $3,535,000 34.7 Cost Effectiveness $1.89 -26.4 * TANF/FC $0.37 -51.1 * Non-TANF $1.52 -15.9 Paternities Established 461 -42.5 * IV-D 461 -42.5 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 349 -45.8 Locations 2,453 -20.1 Full Time Equiv. Staff 55 -5.2 Total Caseload 9,279 3.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 6,199 0.9
Hawaii %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $55,015,639 5.4 * TANF/FC $11,510,438 -6.0 * Non-TANF $43,505,201 8.9 Total Expenditures $23,438,000 -2.0 Cost Effectiveness $2.35 7.5 * TANF/FC $0.49 -4.1 * Non-TANF $1.86 11.1 Paternities Established 1,761 -1.3 * IV-D 1,761 -1.3 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 4,486 6.5 Locations 184,830 8.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 201 -2.4 Total Caseload 64,387 9.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 21,249 -1.2	Idaho %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $48,025,328 9.1 * TANF/FC $10,224,918 -8.0 * Non-TANF $37,800,410 14.9 Total Expenditures $17,612,000 -7.0 Cost Effectiveness $2.73 17.3 * TANF/FC $0.58 -1.1 * Non-TANF $2.15 23.5 Paternities Established 3,395 -26.4 * IV-D 1,942 -23.3 * Acknowledgements 1,453 -30.2 Orders Established 2,458 -27.5 Locations 17,112 12.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 160 -30.4 Total Caseload 83,651 13.4 * TANF/FC Arrears 34,509 -11.4
Illinois %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $267,359,518 7.0 * TANF/FC $77,682,722 7.3 * Non-TANF $189,676,796 6.9 Total Expenditures $130,721,000 25.9 Cost Effectiveness $2.05 -15.0 * TANF/FC $0.59 -14.8 * Non-TANF $1.45 -15.1 Paternities Established 76,736 146.7 * IV-D 47,516 79.4 * Acknowledgements 29,220 531.6 Orders Established 29,660 30.1 Locations 68,849 25.3 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,665 3.5 Total Caseload 739,941 1.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 405,343 -8.9	Indiana %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $208,444,050 5.8 * TANF/FC $39,853,408 -11.4 * Non-TANF $168,590,642 11.0 Total Expenditures $33,738,000 12.1 Cost Effectiveness $6.18 -5.6 * TANF/FC $1.18 -21.0 * Non-TANF $5.00 -1.0 Paternities Established 19,857 342.8 * IV-D 19,857 342.8 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 45,124 76.9 Locations - -100.0 Full Time Equiv. Staff 634 -13.9 Total Caseload 411,069 -32.6 * TANF/FC Arrears 60,844 -75.8
Iowa %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $166,155,139 9.4 * TANF/FC $40,772,612 1.7 * Non-TANF $125,382,527 12.1 Total Expenditures $34,114,000 17.4 Cost Effectiveness $4.87 -6.9 * TANF/FC $1.20 -13.4 * Non-TANF $3.68 -4.5 Paternities Established 6,524 -15.3 * IV-D 1,881 -44.9 * Acknowledgements 4,643 8.3 Orders Established 12,563 9.4 Locations 143,126 19.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 530 3.9 Total Caseload 201,438 3.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 98,135 0.9	Kansas %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $114,979,206 6.9 * TANF/FC $27,071,883 -5.9 * Non-TANF $87,907,323 11.6 Total Expenditures $37,584,000 103.3 Cost Effectiveness $3.06 -47.4 * TANF/FC $0.72 -53.7 * Non-TANF $2.34 -45.1 Paternities Established 15,197 28.8 * IV-D 9,218 -21.9 * Acknowledgements 5,979 NA Orders Established 13,897 -10.8 Locations 135,080 4.1 Full Time Equiv. Staff 450 -24.1 Total Caseload 142,574 3.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 54,447 -8.8
Kentucky %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $164,357,171 13.4 * TANF/FC $39,449,293 0.0 * Non-TANF $124,907,878 18.4 Total Expenditures $43,283,000 2.5 Cost Effectiveness $3.80 10.6 * TANF/FC $0.91 -2.5 * Non-TANF $2.89 15.5 Paternities Established 12,991 12.0 * IV-D 9,747 -2.5 * Acknowledgements 3,244 102.8 Orders Established 29,796 1.6 Locations 24,893 3.6 Full Time Equiv. Staff 844 -0.4 Total Caseload 297,294 -7.7 * TANF/FC Arrears 117,882 -11.3	Louisiana %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $154,821,458 7.8 * TANF/FC $27,122,762 -13.1 * Non-TANF $127,698,696 13.6 Total Expenditures $35,770,000 3.7 Cost Effectiveness $4.33 3.9 * TANF/FC $0.76 -16.2 * Non-TANF $3.57 9.5 Paternities Established 29,581 163.3 * IV-D 12,560 11.8 * Acknowledgements 17,021 NA Orders Established 16,483 14.8 Locations 25,473 1.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 874 6.7 Total Caseload 333,341 -1.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 113,865 -21.3
Maine %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $68,615,439 9.6 * TANF/FC $31,809,926 7.7 * Non-TANF $36,805,513 11.4 Total Expenditures $16,220,000 5.1 Cost Effectiveness $4.23 4.3 * TANF/FC $1.96 2.5 * Non-TANF $2.27 6.0 Paternities Established 2,274 6.8 * IV-D 2,274 6.8 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 5,366 -3.9 Locations 96,556 22.0 Full Time Equiv. Staff 241 -4.0 Total Caseload 78,574 1.7 * TANF/FC Arrears 45,007 -0.8	Maryland %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $322,363,403 12.0 * TANF/FC $38,008,067 -18.6 * Non-TANF $284,355,336 17.9 Total Expenditures $73,146,000 10.8 Cost Effectiveness $4.41 1.0 * TANF/FC $0.52 -26.6 * Non-TANF $3.89 6.4 Paternities Established 22,709 21.2 * IV-D 12,716 16.3 * Acknowledgements 9,993 28.1 Orders Established 17,831 4.1 Locations 55,887 5.7 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,013 -12.6 Total Caseload 406,326 7.0 * TANF/FC Arrears 192,566 2.7
Massachusetts %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $258,584,016 4.3 * TANF/FC $67,381,987 -5.7 * Non-TANF $191,202,029 8.3 Total Expenditures $63,909,000 4.3 Cost Effectiveness $4.05 0.0 * TANF/FC $1.05 -9.5 * Non-TANF $2.99 3.9 Paternities Established 31,086 54.6 * IV-D 10,145 -0.5 * Acknowledgements 20,941 111.3 Orders Established 13,432 -2.8 Locations 79,853 4.5 Full Time Equiv. Staff 848 0.1 Total Caseload 241,896 16.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 144,066 7.9	Michigan %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $1,092,176,097 15.1 * TANF/FC $161,658,369 -5.8 * Non-TANF $930,517,728 19.7 Total Expenditures $161,468,000 12.8 Cost Effectiveness $6.76 2.0 * TANF/FC $1.00 -16.5 * Non-TANF $5.76 6.1 Paternities Established 38,407 -36.9 * IV-D 17,656 -29.1 * Acknowledgements 20,751 -42.2 Orders Established 31,987 -8.8 Locations 210,498 -6.0 Full Time Equiv. Staff 2,242 -5.3 Total Caseload 1,619,950 3.8 * TANF/FC Arrears 1,193,179 0.9
Minnesota %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $355,371,919 11.5 * TANF/FC $64,572,484 -0.5 * Non-TANF $290,799,435 14.5 Total Expenditures $85,899,000 17.4 Cost Effectiveness $4.14 -5.0 * TANF/FC $0.75 -15.2 * Non-TANF $3.39 -2.4 Paternities Established 18,289 1.9 * IV-D 8,801 -9.2 * Acknowledgements 9,488 15.0 Orders Established 21,702 7.5 Locations 14,696 -10.0 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,482 12.1 Total Caseload 251,317 5.0 * TANF/FC Arrears 116,447 -2.2	Mississippi %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $97,017,611 14.7 * TANF/FC $21,856,876 -10.6 * Non-TANF $75,160,735 25.1 Total Expenditures $30,792,000 4.5 Cost Effectiveness $3.15 9.8 * TANF/FC $0.71 -14.5 * Non-TANF $2.44 19.7 Paternities Established 20,279 42.3 * IV-D 14,560 2.2 * Acknowledgements 5,719 NA Orders Established 13,135 -29.1 Locations 121,233 -11.5 Full Time Equiv. Staff 677 0.4 Total Caseload 274,430 1.2 * TANF/FC Arrears 92,735 -8.4
Missouri %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $318,310,313 14.0 * TANF/FC $51,858,350 -22.1 * Non-TANF $266,451,963 25.3 Total Expenditures $78,632,000 5.7 Cost Effectiveness $4.05 7.9 * TANF/FC $0.66 -26.3 * Non-TANF $3.39 18.6 Paternities Established 29,556 -29.9 * IV-D 19,731 -20.4 * Acknowledgements 9,825 -43.4 Orders Established 21,148 -30.4 Locations 172,616 -17.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,166 -39.7 Total Caseload 314,461 -20.0 * TANF/FC Arrears 162,997 -24.4	Montana %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $33,400,682 13.8 * TANF/FC $8,327,589 1.9 * Non-TANF $25,073,093 18.3 Total Expenditures $12,224,000 0.9 Cost Effectiveness $2.73 12.8 * TANF/FC $0.68 1.1 * Non-TANF $2.05 17.3 Paternities Established 2,267 -31.0 * IV-D 1,404 -10.4 * Acknowledgements 863 -49.8 Orders Established 3,047 3.1 Locations 67,531 10.1 Full Time Equiv. Staff 199 6.4 Total Caseload 41,711 -3.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 17,681 -10.8
Nebraska %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $108,623,657 13.9 * TANF/FC $12,674,874 1.9 * Non-TANF $95,948,783 15.7 Total Expenditures $29,360,000 -2.7 Cost Effectiveness $3.70 17.1 * TANF/FC $0.43 4.8 * Non-TANF $3.27 18.9 Paternities Established 7,432 61.6 * IV-D 4,031 -12.3 * Acknowledgements 3,401 NA Orders Established 5,302 -4.5 Locations 34,028 12.7 Full Time Equiv. Staff 390 -1.3 Total Caseload 129,829 -1.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 33,460 0.6	Nevada %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $60,063,294 6.1 * TANF/FC $8,432,985 -0.1 * Non-TANF $51,630,309 7.2 Total Expenditures $37,395,000 67.3 Cost Effectiveness $1.61 -36.6 * TANF/FC $0.23 -40.3 * Non-TANF $1.38 -36.0 Paternities Established 1,832 -35.4 * IV-D 1,832 -18.7 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 4,688 -10.0 Locations 15,863 31.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 383 11.3 Total Caseload 82,580 2.6 * TANF/FC Arrears 30,204 -4.3
New Hampshire %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $54,468,733 12.9 * TANF/FC $9,844,988 -6.5 * Non-TANF $44,623,745 18.3 Total Expenditures $13,588,000 -3.6 Cost Effectiveness $4.01 17.1 * TANF/FC $0.72 -3.1 * Non-TANF $3.28 22.7 Paternities Established 3,137 -0.7 * IV-D 580 -7.6 * Acknowledgements 2,557 1.0 Orders Established 3,864 -5.5 Locations 5,515 -5.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 228 -1.7 Total Caseload 49,263 4.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 19,483 -1.8	New Jersey %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $553,712,995 10.7 * TANF/FC $88,148,886 -2.8 * Non-TANF $465,564,109 13.7 Total Expenditures $115,610,000 4.4 Cost Effectiveness $4.79 6.0 * TANF/FC $0.76 -6.9 * Non-TANF $4.03 8.9 Paternities Established 32,727 4.5 * IV-D 12,574 -14.9 * Acknowledgements 20,153 21.7 Orders Established 24,716 -2.8 Locations 152,298 -4.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 2,211 4.2 Total Caseload 510,146 -3.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 221,570 -6.9
New Mexico %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $34,417,383 14.3 * TANF/FC $9,498,319 51.9 * Non-TANF $24,919,064 4.4 Total Expenditures $23,732,000 12.3 Cost Effectiveness $1.45 1.8 * TANF/FC $0.40 35.2 * Non-TANF $1.05 -7.0 Paternities Established 2,774 19.3 * IV-D 2,774 19.3 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 6,035 33.2 Locations 15,479 -17.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 230 0.0 Total Caseload 74,916 -2.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 24,088 -33.0	New York %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $803,825,889 14.5 * TANF/FC $224,750,647 9.2 * Non-TANF $579,075,242 16.7 Total Expenditures $200,588,000 15.2 Cost Effectiveness $4.01 -0.6 * TANF/FC $1.12 -5.2 * Non-TANF $2.89 1.4 Paternities Established 92,439 42.9 * IV-D 49,694 20.3 * Acknowledgements 42,745 82.7 Orders Established 45,324 38.2 Locations 287,506 5.0 Full Time Equiv. Staff 2,866 1.8 Total Caseload 1,281,791 -1.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 558,050 -7.3
North Carolina %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $298,907,678 14.2 * TANF/FC $74,282,560 -1.0 * Non-TANF $224,625,118 20.3 Total Expenditures $105,631,000 18.5 Cost Effectiveness $2.83 -3.6 * TANF/FC $0.70 -16.4 * Non-TANF $2.13 1.6 Paternities Established 42,445 -5.8 * IV-D 24,777 -16.2 * Acknowledgements 17,668 14.0 Orders Established 39,237 -2.2 Locations 148,892 -13.7 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,413 4.8 Total Caseload 463,766 0.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 253,352 -16.0	North Dakota %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $32,209,165 13.1 * TANF/FC $5,967,379 -2.3 * Non-TANF $26,241,786 17.4 Total Expenditures $6,266,000 -4.5 Cost Effectiveness $5.14 18.5 * TANF/FC $0.95 2.3 * Non-TANF $4.19 22.9 Paternities Established 1,337 -6.3 * IV-D 1,337 -6.3 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 2,079 3.7 Locations 4,750 -11.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 104 -16.8 Total Caseload 46,006 4.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 23,533 1.6
Ohio %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $1,083,543,013 10.4 * TANF/FC $123,514,504 -1.0 * Non-TANF $960,028,509 12.1 Total Expenditures $208,670,000 29.1 Cost Effectiveness $5.19 -14.5 * TANF/FC $0.59 -23.4 * Non-TANF $4.60 -13.2 Paternities Established 38,239 9.4 * IV-D 38,239 9.4 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 62,523 13.3 Locations 361,086 41.2 Full Time Equiv. Staff 3,884 -13.9 Total Caseload 966,752 1.5 * TANF/FC Arrears 450,965 0.2	Oklahoma %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $79,782,128 8.6 * TANF/FC $23,979,742 -1.5 * Non-TANF $55,802,386 13.6 Total Expenditures $26,290,000 9.4 Cost Effectiveness $3.03 -0.7 * TANF/FC $0.91 -9.9 * Non-TANF $2.12 3.9 Paternities Established 6,295 18.5 * IV-D 6,295 18.5 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 8,394 0.4 Locations 36,148 63.6 Full Time Equiv. Staff 457 9.6 Total Caseload 135,288 14.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 48,758 -1.2
Oregon %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $197,910,878 10.9 * TANF/FC $29,283,418 -6.0 * Non-TANF $168,627,460 14.5 Total Expenditures $42,529,000 33.4 Cost Effectiveness $4.65 -16.9 * TANF/FC $0.69 -29.5 * Non-TANF $3.96 -14.2 Paternities Established 13,257 131.0 * IV-D 5,244 -8.6 * Acknowledgements 8,013 NA Orders Established 15,626 0.5 Locations 108,229 -0.7 Full Time Equiv. Staff 554 -17.6 Total Caseload 283,757 4.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 104,509 -8.6	Pennsylvania %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $1,006,859,583 5.1 * TANF/FC $123,349,974 -11.1 * Non-TANF $883,509,609 7.8 Total Expenditures $135,730,000 9.6 Cost Effectiveness $7.42 -4.2 * TANF/FC $0.91 -18.9 * Non-TANF $6.51 -1.7 Paternities Established 83,860 156.5 * IV-D 80,822 173.1 * Acknowledgements 3,038 -1.9 Orders Established 138,338 3.2 Locations 143,767 38.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 2,543 -0.7 Total Caseload 932,433 5.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 398,579 1.9
Puerto Rico %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $142,555,415 12.5 * TANF/FC $2,814,548 -0.2 * Non-TANF $139,740,867 12.8 Total Expenditures $26,541,000 -7.1 Cost Effectiveness $5.37 21.1 * TANF/FC $0.11 7.4 * Non-TANF $5.27 21.4 Paternities Established 21,968 NA * IV-D 21 90.9 * Acknowledgements 21,947 NA Orders Established 13,329 NA Locations 5,179 -2.5 Full Time Equiv. Staff 708 -7.9 Total Caseload 198,378 8.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 67,880 7.3	Rhode Island %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $38,824,537 9.3 * TANF/FC $18,869,088 2.8 * Non-TANF $19,955,449 16.2 Total Expenditures $8,967,000 8.7 Cost Effectiveness $4.33 0.6 * TANF/FC $2.10 -5.4 * Non-TANF $2.23 6.9 Paternities Established 4,518 -17.7 * IV-D 4,518 -17.7 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 2,720 -12.3 Locations 24,758 2.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 168 3.7 Total Caseload 71,308 3.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 39,660 -3.6
South Carolina %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $135,657,053 14.8 * TANF/FC $24,935,402 -15.8 * Non-TANF $110,721,651 25.1 Total Expenditures $31,583,000 -10.0 Cost Effectiveness $4.30 27.6 * TANF/FC $0.79 -6.4 * Non-TANF $3.51 39.0 Paternities Established 13,378 49.9 * IV-D 13,378 49.9 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 13,661 29.9 Locations 45,218 22.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 234 -42.6 Total Caseload 222,313 0.8 * TANF/FC Arrears 50,120 -23.1	South Dakota %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $30,887,684 10.2 * TANF/FC $6,163,498 -6.9 * Non-TANF $24,724,186 15.5 Total Expenditures $6,690,000 40.2 Cost Effectiveness $4.62 -21.4 * TANF/FC $0.92 -33.6 * Non-TANF $3.70 -17.6 Paternities Established 2,728 -1.9 * IV-D 798 -22.5 * Acknowledgements 1,930 10.3 Orders Established 3,910 72.2 Locations 18,610 6.5 Full Time Equiv. Staff 81 -1.2 Total Caseload 33,065 3.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 17,104 -2.8
Tennessee %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $172,822,904 8.1 * TANF/FC $31,555,946 -9.2 * Non-TANF $141,266,958 13.0 Total Expenditures $44,894,000 14.1 Cost Effectiveness $3.85 -5.2 * TANF/FC $0.70 -20.4 * Non-TANF $3.15 -1.0 Paternities Established 22,551 14.2 * IV-D 10,057 -12.7 * Acknowledgements 12,494 52.1 Orders Established 104,485 458.5 Locations 266,898 29.2 Full Time Equiv. Staff 661 0.0 Total Caseload 462,756 -6.5 * TANF/FC Arrears 198,307 -7.9	Texas %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $618,065,552 14.8 * TANF/FC $108,101,224 5.2 * Non-TANF $509,964,328 17.1 Total Expenditures $171,993,000 18.6 Cost Effectiveness $3.59 -3.2 * TANF/FC $0.63 -11.3 * Non-TANF $2.97 -1.3 Paternities Established 82,397 3.8 * IV-D 44,628 3.1 * Acknowledgements 37,769 4.6 Orders Established 40,043 -1.1 Locations 619,847 51.1 Full Time Equiv. Staff 2,403 0.6 Total Caseload 910,487 9.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 340,735 3.7
Utah %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $84,542,092 8.9 * TANF/FC $21,001,369 -2.6 * Non-TANF $63,540,723 13.4 Total Expenditures $29,760,000 2.0 Cost Effectiveness $2.84 6.8 * TANF/FC $0.71 -4.5 * Non-TANF $2.14 11.1 Paternities Established 7,425 1.4 * IV-D 2,918 -28.1 * Acknowledgements 4,507 38.1 Orders Established 8,290 25.3 Locations 49,336 146.1 Full Time Equiv. Staff 500 5.0 Total Caseload 114,931 0.6 * TANF/FC Arrears 59,727 -15.6	Vermont %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $27,877,769 9.9 * TANF/FC $8,379,338 -6.0 * Non-TANF $19,498,431 18.5 Total Expenditures $7,799,000 16.4 Cost Effectiveness $3.57 -5.6 * TANF/FC $1.07 -19.2 * Non-TANF $2.50 1.8 Paternities Established 886 -6.1 * IV-D 747 -13.4 * Acknowledgements 139 71.6 Orders Established 1,884 26.0 Locations 16,275 -44.0 Full Time Equiv. Staff 101 -7.3 Total Caseload 22,682 17.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 12,383 15.3
Virgin Islands %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $5,921,270 8.9 * TANF/FC $628,005 29.8 * Non-TANF $5,293,265 6.8 Total Expenditures $2,432,000 0.6 Cost Effectiveness $2.43 8.3 * TANF/FC $0.26 29.1 * Non-TANF $2.18 6.2 Paternities Established 120 252.9 * IV-D 120 252.9 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 613 10.5 Locations 679 -82.3 Full Time Equiv. Staff 38 2.7 Total Caseload 10,677 0.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 3,823 -10.6	Virginia %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $292,829,779 13.9 * TANF/FC $46,883,418 1.1 * Non-TANF $245,946,361 16.7 Total Expenditures $55,975,000 -9.0 Cost Effectiveness $5.23 25.1 * TANF/FC $0.84 11.1 * Non-TANF $4.39 28.2 Paternities Established 21,592 -21.8 * IV-D 11,570 -39.0 * Acknowledgements 10,022 15.8 Orders Established 16,520 -31.7 Locations 99,019 -26.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 885 -4.8 Total Caseload 404,870 4.7 * TANF/FC Arrears 133,795 -5.8
Washington %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $451,730,094 11.0 * TANF/FC $112,561,131 -0.2 * Non-TANF $339,168,963 15.3 Total Expenditures $111,178,000 -3.6 Cost Effectiveness $4.06 15.1 * TANF/FC $1.01 3.5 * Non-TANF $3.05 19.6 Paternities Established 23,888 -11.2 * IV-D 12,667 -25.3 * Acknowledgements 11,221 13.1 Orders Established 28,044 -14.4 Locations 1,031,434 10.5 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,739 -0.9 Total Caseload 389,512 3.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 218,571 1.3	West Virginia %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $98,147,954 16.5 * TANF/FC $15,919,397 4.0 * Non-TANF $82,228,557 19.3 Total Expenditures $24,327,000 4.2 Cost Effectiveness $4.03 11.9 * TANF/FC $0.65 -0.1 * Non-TANF $3.38 14.5 Paternities Established 11,617 10.9 * IV-D 6,521 14.7 * Acknowledgements 5,096 6.4 Orders Established 9,354 6.9 Locations 33,558 -9.2 Full Time Equiv. Staff 509 3.7 Total Caseload 117,423 5.8 * TANF/FC Arrears 34,511 -4.4
Wisconsin %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $459,882,115 4.5 * TANF/FC $63,592,279 -21.5 * Non-TANF $396,289,836 10.3 Total Expenditures $79,194,000 6.9 Cost Effectiveness $5.81 -2.3 * TANF/FC $0.80 -26.6 * Non-TANF $5.00 3.2 Paternities Established 13,776 -36.5 * IV-D 13,776 -36.5 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 28,251 -4.9 Locations 137,949 468.5 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,023 -6.9 Total Caseload 386,987 -5.5 * TANF/FC Arrears 104,471 -53.9	Wyoming %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $28,682,650 14.6 * TANF/FC $4,233,252 -14.4 * Non-TANF $24,449,398 21.8 Total Expenditures $8,587,000 1.6 Cost Effectiveness $3.34 12.9 * TANF/FC $0.49 -15.7 * Non-TANF $2.85 19.9 Paternities Established 627 -52.0 * IV-D 627 -52.0 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 1,305 -44.9 Locations 20,579 -15.9 Full Time Equiv. Staff 182 41.1 Total Caseload 66,857 7.8 * TANF/FC Arrears 16,440 6.7

FY 97 BOX SCORES BY REGIONS AS OF: 01/04/99

Region I %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $589,913,930 8.3 * TANF/FC $196,627,367 1.8 * Non-TANF $393,286,563 11.8 Total Expenditures $156,362,000 5.1 Cost Effectiveness $3.77 3.0 * TANF/FC $1.26 -3.1 * Non-TANF $2.52 6.4 Paternities Established 52,490 25.6 * IV-D 26,597 -3.7 * Acknowledgements 25,893 82.6 Orders Established 51,878 -3.2 Locations 282,815 12.0 Full Time Equiv. Staff 2,092 -1.0 Total Caseload 698,728 6.4 * TANF/FC Arrears 403,295 3.0 * Non-TANF 295,433 11.5	Region II %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $1,506,015,569 12.9 * TANF/FC $316,342,086 5.5 * Non-TANF $1,189,673,483 15.0 Total Expenditures $345,171,000 9.3 Cost Effectiveness $4.36 3.3 * TANF/FC $0.92 -3.4 * Non-TANF $3.45 5.3 Paternities Established 147,254 53.3 * IV-D 62,409 11.2 * Acknowledgements 84,845 112.3 Orders Established 83,982 41.8 Locations 445,662 0.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 5,823 1.4 Total Caseload 2,000,992 -0.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 851,323 -6.2 * Non-TANF 1,149,669 3.5
Region III %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $1,788,723,424 8.4 * TANF/FC $237,754,136 -9.0 * Non-TANF $1,550,969,288 11.6 Total Expenditures $316,449,000 5.3 Cost Effectiveness $5.65 2.9 * TANF/FC $0.75 -13.6 * Non-TANF $4.90 6.0 Paternities Established 151,312 53.0 * IV-D 116,080 65.4 * Acknowledgements 35,232 22.5 Orders Established 185,592 -1.4 Locations 374,789 -0.2 Full Time Equiv. Staff 5,365 -3.0 Total Caseload 2,024,456 5.5 * TANF/FC Arrears 825,310 -0.2 * Non-TANF 1,199,146 9.8	Region IV %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $1,790,391,906 11.4 * TANF/FC $381,095,325 -6.9 * Non-TANF $1,409,296,581 17.7 Total Expenditures $509,511,078 5.8 Cost Effectiveness $3.51 5.3 * TANF/FC $0.75 -12.0 * Non-TANF $2.77 11.2 Paternities Established 158,209 -11.8 * IV-D 106,535 3.6 * Acknowledgements 51,674 -32.4 Orders Established 270,726 59.2 Locations 743,163 6.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 8,532 2.2 Total Caseload 3,542,795 -4.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 1,408,687 -12.9 * Non-TANF 2,134,108 2.7
Region IX %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $1,428,023,948 13.0 * TANF/FC $591,933,706 9.1 * Non-TANF $836,090,242 16.0 Total Expenditures $627,113,000 17.5 Cost Effectiveness $2.28 -3.8 * TANF/FC $0.94 -7.1 * Non-TANF $1.33 -1.3 Paternities Established 313,537 38.2 * IV-D 214,780 8.4 * Acknowledgements 98,757 245.1 Orders Established 239,702 12.1 Locations 1,135,336 0.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 8,177 0.6 Total Caseload 2,705,234 -6.4 * TANF/FC Arrears 1,715,164 -8.1 * Non-TANF 990,070 -3.2	Region V %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $3,466,776,712 10.5 * TANF/FC $530,873,766 -5.1 * Non-TANF $2,935,902,946 13.9 Total Expenditures $699,690,000 19.4 Cost Effectiveness $4.95 -7.4 * TANF/FC $0.76 -20.6 * Non-TANF $4.20 -4.6 Paternities Established 205,304 20.0 * IV-D 145,845 19.3 * Acknowledgements 59,459 21.8 Orders Established 219,247 16.3 Locations 793,078 36.1 Full Time Equiv. Staff 10,930 -6.1 Total Caseload 4,376,016 -2.8 * TANF/FC Arrears 2,331,249 -12.8 * Non-TANF 2,044,767 11.8
Region VI %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $978,543,543 13.1 * TANF/FC $188,578,055 2.3 * Non-TANF $789,965,488 16.1 Total Expenditures $304,058,000 20.0 Cost Effectiveness $3.22 -5.7 * TANF/FC $0.62 -14.8 * Non-TANF $2.60 -3.3 Paternities Established 133,483 18.8 * IV-D 73,379 4.2 * Acknowledgements 60,104 43.4 Orders Established 78,392 2.7 Locations 778,481 35.3 Full Time Equiv. Staff 4,597 2.9 Total Caseload 1,591,786 5.7 * TANF/FC Arrears 591,503 -5.3 * Non-TANF 1,000,283 13.5	Region VII %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $708,068,315 11.7 * TANF/FC $132,377,719 -10.5 * Non-TANF $575,690,596 18.4 Total Expenditures $179,690,000 18.1 Cost Effectiveness $3.94 -5.5 * TANF/FC $0.74 -24.2 * Non-TANF $3.20 0.3 Paternities Established 58,709 -11.4 * IV-D 34,861 -21.9 * Acknowledgements 23,848 10.2 Orders Established 52,910 -16.0 Locations 484,850 -0.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 2,536 -26.1 Total Caseload 788,302 -8.2 * TANF/FC Arrears 349,039 -14.0 * Non-TANF 439,263 -3.0
Region VIII %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $333,286,965 12.3 * TANF/FC $82,643,355 -0.4 * Non-TANF $250,643,610 17.3 Total Expenditures $103,809,000 4.4 Cost Effectiveness $3.21 7.6 * TANF/FC $0.80 -4.6 * Non-TANF $2.41 12.3 Paternities Established 27,117 -1.5 * IV-D 12,378 -19.1 * Acknowledgements 14,739 20.5 Orders Established 28,239 12.4 Locations 225,604 20.3 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,719 5.5 Total Caseload 513,784 3.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 243,112 -4.7 * Non-TANF 270,672 13.0	Region X %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $762,585,332 11.0 * TANF/FC $172,705,977 -0.5 * Non-TANF $589,879,355 14.9 Total Expenditures $189,988,000 3.5 Cost Effectiveness $4.01 7.2 * TANF/FC $0.91 -3.8 * Non-TANF $3.10 11.0 Paternities Established 43,768 14.7 * IV-D 20,878 -20.2 * Acknowledgements 22,890 90.7 Orders Established 49,407 -10.1 Locations 1,176,287 8.9 Full Time Equiv. Staff 2,691 -6.1 Total Caseload 814,767 4.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 390,500 -2.6 * Non-TANF 424,267 13.0
Nationwide %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $13,352,329,644 11.1 * TANF/FC $2,830,931,492 -0.8 * Non-TANF $10,521,398,152 14.8 Total Expenditures $3,431,841,078 12.3 Cost Effectiveness $3.89 -1.1 * TANF/FC $0.82 -11.7 * Non-TANF $3.07 2.2 Paternities Established 1,291,183 22.0 * IV-D 813,742 10.9 * Acknowledgements 477,441 47.1 Orders Established 1,260,075 15.3 Locations 6,440,065 10.9 Full Time Equiv. Staff 52,462 -2.7 Total Caseload 19,056,860 -1.4 * TANF/FC Arrears 9,109,182 -8.6 * Non-TANF 9,947,678 6.4
Florida provided late updated data that was incorporated into the boxscores causing nationwide totals to be slightly different between the boxscores and tables for some statistics.

FY 97 Box Scores by State

Alabama %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $170,581,427 8.0 * TANF/FC $23,360,517 -0.4 * Non-TANF $147,220,910 9.5 Total Expenditures $41,252,000 -10.9 Cost Effectiveness $4.14 21.3 * TANF/FC $0.57 11.8 * Non-TANF $3.57 23.0 Paternities Established 12,096 -19.2 * IV-D 6,558 -7.7 * Acknowledgements 5,538 -29.7 Orders Established 17,683 48.2 Locations 35,792 -19.1 Full Time Equiv. Staff 740 -0.7 Total Caseload 369,043 -4.8 * TANF/FC Arrears 116,008 -4.5 * Non-TANF 253,035 -5.0	Alaska %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $64,919,032 12.5 * TANF/FC $20,636,510 11.8 * Non-TANF $44,282,522 12.8 Total Expenditures $18,669,000 7.1 Cost Effectiveness $3.48 5.1 * TANF/FC $1.11 4.4 * Non-TANF $2.37 5.4 Paternities Established 3,228 247.5 * IV-D 1,025 10.3 * Acknowledgements 2,203 NA Orders Established 3,279 0.5 Locations 19,512 -14.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 238 13.3 Total Caseload 57,847 3.6 * TANF/FC Arrears 32,911 2.7 * Non-TANF 24,936 4.8
Arizona %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $132,048,847 16.4 * TANF/FC $26,030,525 9.6 * Non-TANF $106,018,322 18.2 Total Expenditures $49,086,000 4.6 Cost Effectiveness $2.69 11.2 * TANF/FC $0.53 4.7 * Non-TANF $2.16 12.9 Paternities Established 23,350 33.5 * IV-D 10,454 5.0 * Acknowledgements 12,896 71.0 Orders Established 7,517 3.4 Locations 64,719 1.2 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,102 1.6 Total Caseload 271,587 -0.2 * TANF/FC Arrears 132,732 -0.1 * Non-TANF 138,855 -0.2	Arkansas %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $91,457,022 15.1 * TANF/FC $19,876,008 0.7 * Non-TANF $71,581,014 19.9 Total Expenditures $46,273,000 61.4 Cost Effectiveness $1.98 -28.7 * TANF/FC $0.43 -37.6 * Non-TANF $1.55 -25.7 Paternities Established 12,436 -11.9 * IV-D 7,122 -14.0 * Acknowledgements 5,314 -8.8 Orders Established 7,437 -13.7 Locations 81,534 -17.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 633 3.3 Total Caseload 137,754 0.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 64,057 -2.7 * Non-TANF 73,697 2.7
California %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $1,174,214,624 13.5 * TANF/FC $544,639,364 9.8 * Non-TANF $629,575,260 17.0 Total Expenditures $513,659,000 17.3 Cost Effectiveness $2.29 -3.2 * TANF/FC $1.06 -6.4 * Non-TANF $1.23 -0.3 Paternities Established 286,133 40.3 * IV-D 200,272 9.2 * Acknowledgements 85,861 319.0 Orders Established 222,662 13.3 Locations 867,471 -1.2 Full Time Equiv. Staff 6,436 0.0 Total Caseload 2,277,401 -7.8 * TANF/FC Arrears 1,524,780 -9.0 * Non-TANF 752,621 -5.3	Colorado %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $123,564,692 14.1 * TANF/FC $36,950,268 3.9 * Non-TANF $86,614,424 19.2 Total Expenditures $40,282,000 5.0 Cost Effectiveness $3.07 8.7 * TANF/FC $0.92 -1.1 * Non-TANF $2.15 13.5 Paternities Established 12,733 11.6 * IV-D 5,294 -10.4 * Acknowledgements 7,439 35.2 Orders Established 9,608 7.9 Locations 64,798 10.1 Full Time Equiv. Staff 653 3.5 Total Caseload 211,214 5.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 108,627 0.4 * Non-TANF 102,587 12.4
Connecticut %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $141,543,436 13.0 * TANF/FC $60,342,040 11.1 * Non-TANF $81,201,396 14.5 Total Expenditures $45,879,000 6.6 Cost Effectiveness $3.09 6.0 * TANF/FC $1.32 4.2 * Non-TANF $1.77 7.4 Paternities Established 10,589 6.2 * IV-D 8,333 0.2 * Acknowledgements 2,256 36.2 Orders Established 24,612 -3.4 Locations 59,858 57.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 506 -1.4 Total Caseload 235,005 -0.2 * TANF/FC Arrears 142,696 1.2 * Non-TANF 92,309 -2.3	D.C. %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $29,906,318 7.6 * TANF/FC $5,631,212 -6.6 * Non-TANF $24,275,106 11.6 Total Expenditures $9,938,000 -15.0 Cost Effectiveness $3.01 26.6 * TANF/FC $0.57 9.9 * Non-TANF $2.44 31.3 Paternities Established 5,406 21.5 * IV-D 1,366 -7.8 * Acknowledgements 4,040 36.2 Orders Established 1,210 6.8 Locations 6,379 -58.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 215 -2.3 Total Caseload 104,606 4.2 * TANF/FC Arrears 39,969 -9.1 * Non-TANF 64,637 14.6
Delaware %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $38,616,387 9.1 * TANF/FC $7,962,068 -4.2 * Non-TANF $30,654,319 13.2 Total Expenditures $17,333,000 22.3 Cost Effectiveness $2.23 -10.8 * TANF/FC $0.46 -21.7 * Non-TANF $1.77 -7.5 Paternities Established 6,128 23.2 * IV-D 3,085 -12.4 * Acknowledgements 3,043 109.3 Orders Established 2,339 -22.6 Locations 36,179 12.5 Full Time Equiv. Staff 200 17.0 Total Caseload 58,798 4.7 * TANF/FC Arrears 25,890 -0.6 * Non-TANF 32,908 9.3	Florida %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $472,988,063 15.0 * TANF/FC $88,481,832 10.4 * Non-TANF $384,506,231 16.2 Total Expenditures $140,487,078 6.9 Cost Effectiveness $3.37 7.6 * TANF/FC $0.63 3.2 * Non-TANF $2.74 8.6 Paternities Established 20,535 NA * IV-D 20,535 11.9 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 20,877 47.0 Locations 41,425 3.7 Full Time Equiv. Staff 2,796 11.2 Total Caseload 940,502 -7.5 * TANF/FC Arrears 360,857 -17.6 * Non-TANF 579,645 0.3
Georgia %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $278,059,999 3.5 * TANF/FC $77,172,899 -24.6 * Non-TANF $200,887,100 20.9 Total Expenditures $71,589,000 4.5 Cost Effectiveness $3.88 -0.9 * TANF/FC $1.08 -27.9 * Non-TANF $2.81 15.7 Paternities Established 13,934 9.2 * IV-D 6,923 120.1 * Acknowledgements 7,011 -27.1 Orders Established 31,852 19.0 Locations 58,812 69.6 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,167 1.4 Total Caseload 512,691 -1.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 219,426 -8.8 * Non-TANF 293,265 5.3	Guam %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $6,681,544 -0.8 * TANF/FC $1,320,394 -34.1 * Non-TANF $5,361,150 13.3 Total Expenditures $3,535,000 34.7 Cost Effectiveness $1.89 -26.4 * TANF/FC $0.37 -51.1 * Non-TANF $1.52 -15.9 Paternities Established 461 -42.5 * IV-D 461 -42.5 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 349 -45.8 Locations 2,453 -20.1 Full Time Equiv. Staff 55 -5.2 Total Caseload 9,279 3.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 6,199 0.9 * Non-TANF 3,080 7.8
Hawaii %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $55,015,639 5.4 * TANF/FC $11,510,438 -6.0 * Non-TANF $43,505,201 8.9 Total Expenditures $23,438,000 -2.0 Cost Effectiveness $2.35 7.5 * TANF/FC $0.49 -4.1 * Non-TANF $1.86 11.1 Paternities Established 1,761 -1.3 * IV-D 1,761 -1.3 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 4,486 6.5 Locations 184,830 8.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 201 -2.4 Total Caseload 64,387 9.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 21,249 -1.2 * Non-TANF 43,138 16.3	Idaho %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $48,025,328 9.1 * TANF/FC $10,224,918 -8.0 * Non-TANF $37,800,410 14.9 Total Expenditures $17,612,000 -7.0 Cost Effectiveness $2.73 17.3 * TANF/FC $0.58 -1.1 * Non-TANF $2.15 23.5 Paternities Established 3,395 -26.4 * IV-D 1,942 -23.3 * Acknowledgements 1,453 -30.2 Orders Established 2,458 -27.5 Locations 17,112 12.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 160 -30.4 Total Caseload 83,651 13.4 * TANF/FC Arrears 34,509 -11.4 * Non-TANF 49,142 41.1
Illinois %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $267,359,518 7.0 * TANF/FC $77,682,722 7.3 * Non-TANF $189,676,796 6.9 Total Expenditures $130,721,000 25.9 Cost Effectiveness $2.05 -15.0 * TANF/FC $0.59 -14.8 * Non-TANF $1.45 -15.1 Paternities Established 76,736 146.7 * IV-D 47,516 79.4 * Acknowledgements 29,220 531.6 Orders Established 29,660 30.1 Locations 68,849 25.3 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,665 3.5 Total Caseload 739,941 1.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 405,343 -8.9 * Non-TANF 334,598 17.3	Indiana %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $208,444,050 5.8 * TANF/FC $39,853,408 -11.4 * Non-TANF $168,590,642 11.0 Total Expenditures $33,738,000 12.1 Cost Effectiveness $6.18 -5.6 * TANF/FC $1.18 -21.0 * Non-TANF $5.00 -1.0 Paternities Established 19,857 342.8 * IV-D 19,857 342.8 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 45,124 76.9 Locations - -100.0 Full Time Equiv. Staff 634 -13.9 Total Caseload 411,069 -32.6 * TANF/FC Arrears 60,844 -75.8 * Non-TANF 350,225 -2.4
Iowa %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $166,155,139 9.4 * TANF/FC $40,772,612 1.7 * Non-TANF $125,382,527 12.1 Total Expenditures $34,114,000 17.4 Cost Effectiveness $4.87 -6.9 * TANF/FC $1.20 -13.4 * Non-TANF $3.68 -4.5 Paternities Established 6,524 -15.3 * IV-D 1,881 -44.9 * Acknowledgements 4,643 8.3 Orders Established 12,563 9.4 Locations 143,126 19.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 530 3.9 Total Caseload 201,438 3.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 98,135 0.9 * Non-TANF 103,303 5.4	Kansas %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $114,979,206 6.9 * TANF/FC $27,071,883 -5.9 * Non-TANF $87,907,323 11.6 Total Expenditures $37,584,000 103.3 Cost Effectiveness $3.06 -47.4 * TANF/FC $0.72 -53.7 * Non-TANF $2.34 -45.1 Paternities Established 15,197 28.8 * IV-D 9,218 -21.9 * Acknowledgements 5,979 NA Orders Established 13,897 -10.8 Locations 135,080 4.1 Full Time Equiv. Staff 450 -24.1 Total Caseload 142,574 3.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 54,447 -8.8 * Non-TANF 88,127 12.1
Kentucky %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $164,357,171 13.4 * TANF/FC $39,449,293 0.0 * Non-TANF $124,907,878 18.4 Total Expenditures $43,283,000 2.5 Cost Effectiveness $3.80 10.6 * TANF/FC $0.91 -2.5 * Non-TANF $2.89 15.5 Paternities Established 12,991 12.0 * IV-D 9,747 -2.5 * Acknowledgements 3,244 102.8 Orders Established 29,796 1.6 Locations 24,893 3.6 Full Time Equiv. Staff 844 -0.4 Total Caseload 297,294 -7.7 * TANF/FC Arrears 117,882 -11.3 * Non-TANF 179,412 -5.1	Louisiana %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $154,821,458 7.8 * TANF/FC $27,122,762 -13.1 * Non-TANF $127,698,696 13.6 Total Expenditures $35,770,000 3.7 Cost Effectiveness $4.33 3.9 * TANF/FC $0.76 -16.2 * Non-TANF $3.57 9.5 Paternities Established 29,581 163.3 * IV-D 12,560 11.8 * Acknowledgements 17,021 NA Orders Established 16,483 14.8 Locations 25,473 1.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 874 6.7 Total Caseload 333,341 -1.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 113,865 -21.3 * Non-TANF 219,476 12.6
Maine %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $68,615,439 9.6 * TANF/FC $31,809,926 7.7 * Non-TANF $36,805,513 11.4 Total Expenditures $16,220,000 5.1 Cost Effectiveness $4.23 4.3 * TANF/FC $1.96 2.5 * Non-TANF $2.27 6.0 Paternities Established 2,274 6.8 * IV-D 2,274 6.8 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 5,366 -3.9 Locations 96,556 22.0 Full Time Equiv. Staff 241 -4.0 Total Caseload 78,574 1.7 * TANF/FC Arrears 45,007 -0.8 * Non-TANF 33,567 5.3	Maryland %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $322,363,403 12.0 * TANF/FC $38,008,067 -18.6 * Non-TANF $284,355,336 17.9 Total Expenditures $73,146,000 10.8 Cost Effectiveness $4.41 1.0 * TANF/FC $0.52 -26.6 * Non-TANF $3.89 6.4 Paternities Established 22,709 21.2 * IV-D 12,716 16.3 * Acknowledgements 9,993 28.1 Orders Established 17,831 4.1 Locations 55,887 5.7 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,013 -12.6 Total Caseload 406,326 7.0 * TANF/FC Arrears 192,566 2.7 * Non-TANF 213,760 11.2
Massachusetts %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $258,584,016 4.3 * TANF/FC $67,381,987 -5.7 * Non-TANF $191,202,029 8.3 Total Expenditures $63,909,000 4.3 Cost Effectiveness $4.05 0.0 * TANF/FC $1.05 -9.5 * Non-TANF $2.99 3.9 Paternities Established 31,086 54.6 * IV-D 10,145 -0.5 * Acknowledgements 20,941 111.3 Orders Established 13,432 -2.8 Locations 79,853 4.5 Full Time Equiv. Staff 848 0.1 Total Caseload 241,896 16.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 144,066 7.9 * Non-TANF 97,830 30.7	Michigan %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $1,092,176,097 15.1 * TANF/FC $161,658,369 -5.8 * Non-TANF $930,517,728 19.7 Total Expenditures $161,468,000 12.8 Cost Effectiveness $6.76 2.0 * TANF/FC $1.00 -16.5 * Non-TANF $5.76 6.1 Paternities Established 38,407 -36.9 * IV-D 17,656 -29.1 * Acknowledgements 20,751 -42.2 Orders Established 31,987 -8.8 Locations 210,498 -6.0 Full Time Equiv. Staff 2,242 -5.3 Total Caseload 1,619,950 3.8 * TANF/FC Arrears 1,193,179 0.9 * Non-TANF 426,771 12.7
Minnesota %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $355,371,919 11.5 * TANF/FC $64,572,484 -0.5 * Non-TANF $290,799,435 14.5 Total Expenditures $85,899,000 17.4 Cost Effectiveness $4.14 -5.0 * TANF/FC $0.75 -15.2 * Non-TANF $3.39 -2.4 Paternities Established 18,289 1.9 * IV-D 8,801 -9.2 * Acknowledgements 9,488 15.0 Orders Established 21,702 7.5 Locations 14,696 -10.0 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,482 12.1 Total Caseload 251,317 5.0 * TANF/FC Arrears 116,447 -2.2 * Non-TANF 134,870 12.5	Mississippi %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $97,017,611 14.7 * TANF/FC $21,856,876 -10.6 * Non-TANF $75,160,735 25.1 Total Expenditures $30,792,000 4.5 Cost Effectiveness $3.15 9.8 * TANF/FC $0.71 -14.5 * Non-TANF $2.44 19.7 Paternities Established 20,279 42.3 * IV-D 14,560 2.2 * Acknowledgements 5,719 NA Orders Established 13,135 -29.1 Locations 121,233 -11.5 Full Time Equiv. Staff 677 0.4 Total Caseload 274,430 1.2 * TANF/FC Arrears 92,735 -8.4 * Non-TANF 181,695 6.9
Missouri %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $318,310,313 14.0 * TANF/FC $51,858,350 -22.1 * Non-TANF $266,451,963 25.3 Total Expenditures $78,632,000 5.7 Cost Effectiveness $4.05 7.9 * TANF/FC $0.66 -26.3 * Non-TANF $3.39 18.6 Paternities Established 29,556 -29.9 * IV-D 19,731 -20.4 * Acknowledgements 9,825 -43.4 Orders Established 21,148 -30.4 Locations 172,616 -17.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,166 -39.7 Total Caseload 314,461 -20.0 * TANF/FC Arrears 162,997 -24.4 * Non-TANF 151,464 -14.8	Montana %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $33,400,682 13.8 * TANF/FC $8,327,589 1.9 * Non-TANF $25,073,093 18.3 Total Expenditures $12,224,000 0.9 Cost Effectiveness $2.73 12.8 * TANF/FC $0.68 1.1 * Non-TANF $2.05 17.3 Paternities Established 2,267 -31.0 * IV-D 1,404 -10.4 * Acknowledgements 863 -49.8 Orders Established 3,047 3.1 Locations 67,531 10.1 Full Time Equiv. Staff 199 6.4 Total Caseload 41,711 -3.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 17,681 -10.8 * Non-TANF 24,030 3.1
Nebraska %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $108,623,657 13.9 * TANF/FC $12,674,874 1.9 * Non-TANF $95,948,783 15.7 Total Expenditures $29,360,000 -2.7 Cost Effectiveness $3.70 17.1 * TANF/FC $0.43 4.8 * Non-TANF $3.27 18.9 Paternities Established 7,432 61.6 * IV-D 4,031 -12.3 * Acknowledgements 3,401 NA Orders Established 5,302 -4.5 Locations 34,028 12.7 Full Time Equiv. Staff 390 -1.3 Total Caseload 129,829 -1.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 33,460 0.6 * Non-TANF 96,369 -2.0	Nevada %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $60,063,294 6.1 * TANF/FC $8,432,985 -0.1 * Non-TANF $51,630,309 7.2 Total Expenditures $37,395,000 67.3 Cost Effectiveness $1.61 -36.6 * TANF/FC $0.23 -40.3 * Non-TANF $1.38 -36.0 Paternities Established 1,832 -35.4 * IV-D 1,832 -18.7 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 4,688 -10.0 Locations 15,863 31.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 383 11.3 Total Caseload 82,580 2.6 * TANF/FC Arrears 30,204 -4.3 * Non-TANF 52,376 7.1
New Hampshire %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $54,468,733 12.9 * TANF/FC $9,844,988 -6.5 * Non-TANF $44,623,745 18.3 Total Expenditures $13,588,000 -3.6 Cost Effectiveness $4.01 17.1 * TANF/FC $0.72 -3.1 * Non-TANF $3.28 22.7 Paternities Established 3,137 -0.7 * IV-D 580 -7.6 * Acknowledgements 2,557 1.0 Orders Established 3,864 -5.5 Locations 5,515 -5.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 228 -1.7 Total Caseload 49,263 4.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 19,483 -1.8 * Non-TANF 29,780 9.9	New Jersey %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $553,712,995 10.7 * TANF/FC $88,148,886 -2.8 * Non-TANF $465,564,109 13.7 Total Expenditures $115,610,000 4.4 Cost Effectiveness $4.79 6.0 * TANF/FC $0.76 -6.9 * Non-TANF $4.03 8.9 Paternities Established 32,727 4.5 * IV-D 12,574 -14.9 * Acknowledgements 20,153 21.7 Orders Established 24,716 -2.8 Locations 152,298 -4.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 2,211 4.2 Total Caseload 510,146 -3.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 221,570 -6.9 * Non-TANF 288,576 -0.1
New Mexico %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $34,417,383 14.3 * TANF/FC $9,498,319 51.9 * Non-TANF $24,919,064 4.4 Total Expenditures $23,732,000 12.3 Cost Effectiveness $1.45 1.8 * TANF/FC $0.40 35.2 * Non-TANF $1.05 -7.0 Paternities Established 2,774 19.3 * IV-D 2,774 19.3 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 6,035 33.2 Locations 15,479 -17.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 230 0.0 Total Caseload 74,916 -2.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 24,088 -33.0 * Non-TANF 50,828 23.5	New York %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $803,825,889 14.5 * TANF/FC $224,750,647 9.2 * Non-TANF $579,075,242 16.7 Total Expenditures $200,588,000 15.2 Cost Effectiveness $4.01 -0.6 * TANF/FC $1.12 -5.2 * Non-TANF $2.89 1.4 Paternities Established 92,439 42.9 * IV-D 49,694 20.3 * Acknowledgements 42,745 82.7 Orders Established 45,324 38.2 Locations 287,506 5.0 Full Time Equiv. Staff 2,866 1.8 Total Caseload 1,281,791 -1.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 558,050 -7.3 * Non-TANF 723,741 4.0
North Carolina %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $298,907,678 14.2 * TANF/FC $74,282,560 -1.0 * Non-TANF $224,625,118 20.3 Total Expenditures $105,631,000 18.5 Cost Effectiveness $2.83 -3.6 * TANF/FC $0.70 -16.4 * Non-TANF $2.13 1.6 Paternities Established 42,445 -5.8 * IV-D 24,777 -16.2 * Acknowledgements 17,668 14.0 Orders Established 39,237 -2.2 Locations 148,892 -13.7 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,413 4.8 Total Caseload 463,766 0.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 253,352 -16.0 * Non-TANF 210,414 30.1	North Dakota %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $32,209,165 13.1 * TANF/FC $5,967,379 -2.3 * Non-TANF $26,241,786 17.4 Total Expenditures $6,266,000 -4.5 Cost Effectiveness $5.14 18.5 * TANF/FC $0.95 2.3 * Non-TANF $4.19 22.9 Paternities Established 1,337 -6.3 * IV-D 1,337 -6.3 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 2,079 3.7 Locations 4,750 -11.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 104 -16.8 Total Caseload 46,006 4.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 23,533 1.6 * Non-TANF 22,473 8.6
Ohio %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $1,083,543,013 10.4 * TANF/FC $123,514,504 -1.0 * Non-TANF $960,028,509 12.1 Total Expenditures $208,670,000 29.1 Cost Effectiveness $5.19 -14.5 * TANF/FC $0.59 -23.4 * Non-TANF $4.60 -13.2 Paternities Established 38,239 9.4 * IV-D 38,239 9.4 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 62,523 13.3 Locations 361,086 41.2 Full Time Equiv. Staff 3,884 -13.9 Total Caseload 966,752 1.5 * TANF/FC Arrears 450,965 0.2 * Non-TANF 515,787 2.6	Oklahoma %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $79,782,128 8.6 * TANF/FC $23,979,742 -1.5 * Non-TANF $55,802,386 13.6 Total Expenditures $26,290,000 9.4 Cost Effectiveness $3.03 -0.7 * TANF/FC $0.91 -9.9 * Non-TANF $2.12 3.9 Paternities Established 6,295 18.5 * IV-D 6,295 18.5 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 8,394 0.4 Locations 36,148 63.6 Full Time Equiv. Staff 457 9.6 Total Caseload 135,288 14.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 48,758 -1.2 * Non-TANF 86,530 25.4
Oregon %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $197,910,878 10.9 * TANF/FC $29,283,418 -6.0 * Non-TANF $168,627,460 14.5 Total Expenditures $42,529,000 33.4 Cost Effectiveness $4.65 -16.9 * TANF/FC $0.69 -29.5 * Non-TANF $3.96 -14.2 Paternities Established 13,257 131.0 * IV-D 5,244 -8.6 * Acknowledgements 8,013 NA Orders Established 15,626 0.5 Locations 108,229 -0.7 Full Time Equiv. Staff 554 -17.6 Total Caseload 283,757 4.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 104,509 -8.6 * Non-TANF 179,248 13.7	Pennsylvania %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $1,006,859,583 5.1 * TANF/FC $123,349,974 -11.1 * Non-TANF $883,509,609 7.8 Total Expenditures $135,730,000 9.6 Cost Effectiveness $7.42 -4.2 * TANF/FC $0.91 -18.9 * Non-TANF $6.51 -1.7 Paternities Established 83,860 156.5 * IV-D 80,822 173.1 * Acknowledgements 3,038 -1.9 Orders Established 138,338 3.2 Locations 143,767 38.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 2,543 -0.7 Total Caseload 932,433 5.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 398,579 1.9 * Non-TANF 533,854 8.1
Puerto Rico %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $142,555,415 12.5 * TANF/FC $2,814,548 -0.2 * Non-TANF $139,740,867 12.8 Total Expenditures $26,541,000 -7.1 Cost Effectiveness $5.37 21.1 * TANF/FC $0.11 7.4 * Non-TANF $5.27 21.4 Paternities Established 21,968 NA * IV-D 21 90.9 * Acknowledgements 21,947 NA Orders Established 13,329 NA Locations 5,179 -2.5 Full Time Equiv. Staff 708 -7.9 Total Caseload 198,378 8.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 67,880 7.3 * Non-TANF 130,498 8.8	Rhode Island %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $38,824,537 9.3 * TANF/FC $18,869,088 2.8 * Non-TANF $19,955,449 16.2 Total Expenditures $8,967,000 8.7 Cost Effectiveness $4.33 0.6 * TANF/FC $2.10 -5.4 * Non-TANF $2.23 6.9 Paternities Established 4,518 -17.7 * IV-D 4,518 -17.7 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 2,720 -12.3 Locations 24,758 2.8 Full Time Equiv. Staff 168 3.7 Total Caseload 71,308 3.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 39,660 -3.6 * Non-TANF 31,648 12.8
South Carolina %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $135,657,053 14.8 * TANF/FC $24,935,402 -15.8 * Non-TANF $110,721,651 25.1 Total Expenditures $31,583,000 -10.0 Cost Effectiveness $4.30 27.6 * TANF/FC $0.79 -6.4 * Non-TANF $3.51 39.0 Paternities Established 13,378 49.9 * IV-D 13,378 49.9 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 13,661 29.9 Locations 45,218 22.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 234 -42.6 Total Caseload 222,313 0.8 * TANF/FC Arrears 50,120 -23.1 * Non-TANF 172,193 10.9	South Dakota %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $30,887,684 10.2 * TANF/FC $6,163,498 -6.9 * Non-TANF $24,724,186 15.5 Total Expenditures $6,690,000 40.2 Cost Effectiveness $4.62 -21.4 * TANF/FC $0.92 -33.6 * Non-TANF $3.70 -17.6 Paternities Established 2,728 -1.9 * IV-D 798 -22.5 * Acknowledgements 1,930 10.3 Orders Established 3,910 72.2 Locations 18,610 6.5 Full Time Equiv. Staff 81 -1.2 Total Caseload 33,065 3.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 17,104 -2.8 * Non-TANF 15,961 12.1
Tennessee %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $172,822,904 8.1 * TANF/FC $31,555,946 -9.2 * Non-TANF $141,266,958 13.0 Total Expenditures $44,894,000 14.1 Cost Effectiveness $3.85 -5.2 * TANF/FC $0.70 -20.4 * Non-TANF $3.15 -1.0 Paternities Established 22,551 14.2 * IV-D 10,057 -12.7 * Acknowledgements 12,494 52.1 Orders Established 104,485 458.5 Locations 266,898 29.2 Full Time Equiv. Staff 661 0.0 Total Caseload 462,756 -6.5 * TANF/FC Arrears 198,307 -7.9 * Non-TANF 264,449 -5.5	Texas %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $618,065,552 14.8 * TANF/FC $108,101,224 5.2 * Non-TANF $509,964,328 17.1 Total Expenditures $171,993,000 18.6 Cost Effectiveness $3.59 -3.2 * TANF/FC $0.63 -11.3 * Non-TANF $2.97 -1.3 Paternities Established 82,397 3.8 * IV-D 44,628 3.1 * Acknowledgements 37,769 4.6 Orders Established 40,043 -1.1 Locations 619,847 51.1 Full Time Equiv. Staff 2,403 0.6 Total Caseload 910,487 9.3 * TANF/FC Arrears 340,735 3.7 * Non-TANF 569,752 12.9
Utah %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $84,542,092 8.9 * TANF/FC $21,001,369 -2.6 * Non-TANF $63,540,723 13.4 Total Expenditures $29,760,000 2.0 Cost Effectiveness $2.84 6.8 * TANF/FC $0.71 -4.5 * Non-TANF $2.14 11.1 Paternities Established 7,425 1.4 * IV-D 2,918 -28.1 * Acknowledgements 4,507 38.1 Orders Established 8,290 25.3 Locations 49,336 146.1 Full Time Equiv. Staff 500 5.0 Total Caseload 114,931 0.6 * TANF/FC Arrears 59,727 -15.6 * Non-TANF 55,204 26.9	Vermont %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $27,877,769 9.9 * TANF/FC $8,379,338 -6.0 * Non-TANF $19,498,431 18.5 Total Expenditures $7,799,000 16.4 Cost Effectiveness $3.57 -5.6 * TANF/FC $1.07 -19.2 * Non-TANF $2.50 1.8 Paternities Established 886 -6.1 * IV-D 747 -13.4 * Acknowledgements 139 71.6 Orders Established 1,884 26.0 Locations 16,275 -44.0 Full Time Equiv. Staff 101 -7.3 Total Caseload 22,682 17.1 * TANF/FC Arrears 12,383 15.3 * Non-TANF 10,299 19.4
Virgin Islands %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $5,921,270 8.9 * TANF/FC $628,005 29.8 * Non-TANF $5,293,265 6.8 Total Expenditures $2,432,000 0.6 Cost Effectiveness $2.43 8.3 * TANF/FC $0.26 29.1 * Non-TANF $2.18 6.2 Paternities Established 120 252.9 * IV-D 120 252.9 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 613 10.5 Locations 679 -82.3 Full Time Equiv. Staff 38 2.7 Total Caseload 10,677 0.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 3,823 -10.6 * Non-TANF 6,854 8.8	Virginia %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $292,829,779 13.9 * TANF/FC $46,883,418 1.1 * Non-TANF $245,946,361 16.7 Total Expenditures $55,975,000 -9.0 Cost Effectiveness $5.23 25.1 * TANF/FC $0.84 11.1 * Non-TANF $4.39 28.2 Paternities Established 21,592 -21.8 * IV-D 11,570 -39.0 * Acknowledgements 10,022 15.8 Orders Established 16,520 -31.7 Locations 99,019 -26.4 Full Time Equiv. Staff 885 -4.8 Total Caseload 404,870 4.7 * TANF/FC Arrears 133,795 -5.8 * Non-TANF 271,075 10.8
Washington %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $451,730,094 11.0 * TANF/FC $112,561,131 -0.2 * Non-TANF $339,168,963 15.3 Total Expenditures $111,178,000 -3.6 Cost Effectiveness $4.06 15.1 * TANF/FC $1.01 3.5 * Non-TANF $3.05 19.6 Paternities Established 23,888 -11.2 * IV-D 12,667 -25.3 * Acknowledgements 11,221 13.1 Orders Established 28,044 -14.4 Locations 1,031,434 10.5 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,739 -0.9 Total Caseload 389,512 3.9 * TANF/FC Arrears 218,571 1.3 * Non-TANF 170,941 7.4	West Virginia %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $98,147,954 16.5 * TANF/FC $15,919,397 4.0 * Non-TANF $82,228,557 19.3 Total Expenditures $24,327,000 4.2 Cost Effectiveness $4.03 11.9 * TANF/FC $0.65 -0.1 * Non-TANF $3.38 14.5 Paternities Established 11,617 10.9 * IV-D 6,521 14.7 * Acknowledgements 5,096 6.4 Orders Established 9,354 6.9 Locations 33,558 -9.2 Full Time Equiv. Staff 509 3.7 Total Caseload 117,423 5.8 * TANF/FC Arrears 34,511 -4.4 * Non-TANF 82,912 10.7
Wisconsin %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $459,882,115 4.5 * TANF/FC $63,592,279 -21.5 * Non-TANF $396,289,836 10.3 Total Expenditures $79,194,000 6.9 Cost Effectiveness $5.81 -2.3 * TANF/FC $0.80 -26.6 * Non-TANF $5.00 3.2 Paternities Established 13,776 -36.5 * IV-D 13,776 -36.5 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 28,251 -4.9 Locations 137,949 468.5 Full Time Equiv. Staff 1,023 -6.9 Total Caseload 386,987 -5.5 * TANF/FC Arrears 104,471 -53.9 * Non-TANF 282,516 54.5	Wyoming %Change from FY 96 Collections Distributed $28,682,650 14.6 * TANF/FC $4,233,252 -14.4 * Non-TANF $24,449,398 21.8 Total Expenditures $8,587,000 1.6 Cost Effectiveness $3.34 12.9 * TANF/FC $0.49 -15.7 * Non-TANF $2.85 19.9 Paternities Established 627 -52.0 * IV-D 627 -52.0 * Acknowledgements - NA Orders Established 1,305 -44.9 Locations 20,579 -15.9 Full Time Equiv. Staff 182 41.1 Total Caseload 66,857 7.8 * TANF/FC Arrears 16,440 6.7 * Non-TANF 50,417 8.2

APPENDIX C: State Data Tables

The following tables include program and financial data submitted to OCSE by the 50 States, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

In tables where U.S. totals are shown, the totals do not always reflect the same number of reporting States and jurisdictions, as not all States have reported all data. Comparisons of U.S. totals for different fiscal years should be evaluated with this in mind.

Data shown for prior years may differ from previously published data due to the incorporation of revised data submittals from some States. In addition, deviations in State data between fiscal years may be the result of variance in the number of counties reporting to a State from quarter to quarter or from the use of estimated data. Data are shown as they were reported by the States as of January 4, 1999. If a State reported zero for a data element, it is shown as zero in the tables. If a State was unable to provide data, it is indicated by "NA." Percent changes are positive unless specifically shown as negative. In some tables, an asterisk (*) appears when data were submitted but were found to be inconsistent with other reported data. Some figures in the text and in the graphs of this report use rounded numbers; in some instances these numbers do not add due to rounding. Florida provided late updated data that was incorporated into the boxscores causing nationwide totals to be slightly different between the boxscores and tables for some statistics.

TABLE 1	FINANCIAL FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 2	STATISTICAL OVERVIEW FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 3	PROGRAM TRENDS FOR FY 1992, 1996, and 1997
TABLE 4	TOTAL DISTRIBUTED COLLECTIONS FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 5	DISTRIBUTED AFDC-TANF/FOSTER CARE COLLECTIONS FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 6	DISTRIBUTED AFDC-TANF COLLECTIONS FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 7	DISTRIBUTED FOSTER CARE COLLECTIONS FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 8	DISTRIBUTED NON-AFDC-TANF COLLECTIONS FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 9	TOTAL CHILD SUPPORT COLLECTIONS PER DOLLAR OF TOTAL ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENDITURES FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 10	NET FEDERAL SHARE OF AFDC-TANF/FOSTER CARE COLLECTIONS FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 11	STATE SHARE OF AFDC-TANF/FOSTER CARE COLLECTIONS FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 12	INCENTIVE PAYMENTS ESTIMATES FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 13	INCENTIVE PAYMENTS ACTUALS FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 14	AFDC-TANF/FOSTER CARE PAYMENTS TO FAMILIES FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 15	MEDICAL SUPPORT PAYMENTS TO FAMILIES AND MEDICAID
TABLE 16	AFDC-TANF COLLECTIONS DISTRIBUTED AS PAYMENTS TO FAMILIES AND DISREGARDED IN AFDC-TANF ELIGIBILITY ($50 PASS-THROUGH)
TABLE 17	TOTAL COLLECTIONS MADE BY THE STATES BY METHOD OF COLLECTION, FY 1997
TABLE 18	AFDC-TANF/FOSTER CARE COLLECTIONS MADE BY THE STATES BY METHOD OF COLLECTION, FY 1997
TABLE 19	NON-AFDC-TANF COLLECTIONS MADE BY THE STATES BY METHOD OF COLLECTION, FY 1997
TABLE 20	TOTAL ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENDITURES FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 21	TOTAL PROGRAM SAVINGS FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 22	FEES RECEIVED AND COSTS RECOVERED FOR NON-AFDC-TANF CASES FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 23	TOTAL ADP EXPENDITURES FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 24	ADP EXPENDITURES AT ENHANCED RATE FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 25	EXPENDITURES FOR LABORATORY TESTS FOR PATERNITY ESTABLISHMENT
TABLE 26	AVERAGE CSE CASELOAD BY AFDC-TANF/FC, NON-AFDC-TANF, AND AFDC-TANF/FC ARREARS ONLY, FY 1997
TABLE 27	AVERAGE ANNUAL CSE CASELOAD WITH ORDERS ESTABLISHED, FY 1997
TABLE 28	AVERAGE NUMBER OF TOTAL CSE CASES IN WHICH A COLLECTION WAS MADE ON AN OBLIGATION BY AFDC-TANF/FC, NON-AFDC-TANF, AFDC-TANF/FC ARREARS, FY 1997
TABLE 29	AVERAGE NUMBER OF ABSENT PARENTS REQUIRING LOCATION TO ESTABLISH AN OBLIGATION BY AFDC-TANF/FC, NON-AFDC-TANF, AFDC-TANF/FC ARREARS ONLY, FY 1997
TABLE 30	AVERAGE NUMBER OF ABSENT PARENTS REQUIRING LOCATION TO ENFORCE OR MODIFY AN OBLIGATION BY AFDC-TANF/FC, NON-AFDC-TANF, AFDC-TANF/FC ARREARS ONLY, FY 1997
TABLE 31	AVERAGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN REQUIRING PATERNITY DETERMINATION BY AFDC-TANF/FC, NON-AFDC-TANF, AFDC-TANF/FC ARREARS ONLY, FY 1997
TABLE 32	AVERAGE NUMBER OF CASES REQUIRING A SUPPORT OBLIGATION BE ESTABLISHED BY AFDC-TANF/FC, NON-AFDC-TANF, AFDC-TANF/FC ARREARS ONLY, FY 1997
TABLE 33	AVERAGE NUMBER OF CASES REQUIRING A SUPPORT OBLIGATION BE ENFORCED OR MODIFIED BY AFDC-TANF/FC, NON-AFDC-TANF, AFDC-TANF/FC ARREARS ONLY, FY 1997
TABLE 34	ABSENT PARENTS LOCATED BY AFDC-TANF/FC, NON-AFDC-TANF, AND AFDC-TANF/FC ARREARS ONLY, FY 1997
TABLE 35	ABSENT PARENTS LOCATED TO ESTABLISH AND ENFORCE OR MODIFY AN ORDER, FY 1997
TABLE 36	FEDERAL PARENT LOCATOR SERVICE REQUESTS PROCESSED WITH KNOWN SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 37	FEDERAL PARENT LOCATOR SERVICE REQUESTS PROCESSED WITH UNKNOWN SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 38	TOTAL NUMBER OF PATERNITIES ESTABLISHED FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 39	PATERNITIES ESTABLISHED BY AFDC-TANF/FC, NON-AFDC-TANF, AND AFDC-TANF/FC ARREARS ONLY, FY 1997
TABLE 39A	IN-HOSPITAL VOLUNTARY PATERNITY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLE 40	IV-D PATERNITY STANDARD DATA FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 41	NUMBER OF SUPPORT ORDERS ESTABLISHED AFDC-TANF/FC, NON-AFDC-TANF, AND AFDC-TANF/FC ARREARS ONLY, FY 1997
TABLE 42	TOTAL NUMBER OF SUPPORT ORDERS ESTABLISHED THAT INCLUDE HEALTH INSURANCE
TABLE 43	TOTAL NUMBER OF SUPPORT ORDERS ENFORCED OR MODIFIED BY AFDC-TANF/FC, NON-AFDC-TANF, AND AFDC-TANF/FC ARREARS ONLY, FY 1997
TABLE 44	TOTAL NUMBER OF SUPPORT ORDERS ENFORCED OR MODIFIED THAT INCLUDE HEALTH INSURANCE
TABLE 45	NUMBER OF FAMILIES REMOVED FROM AFDC-TANF WITH CHILD SUPPORT COLLECTIONS FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 46	IV-A CASES IN WHICH CUSTODIAL PARENTS CLAIMED GOOD CAUSE FOR REFUSING TO COOPERATE IN ESTABLISHING PATERNITY AND SECURING CHILD SUPPORT, AND IV-A CASES IN WHICH GOOD CAUSE CLAIMS WERE FOUND VALID, FY 1997
TABLE 47	TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT STAFF EMPLOYED AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 1997
TABLE 48	TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT STAFF EMPLOYED AS OF SEPTEMBER 30 FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS DATE:
TABLE 49	TOTAL SALARY AND FRINGE BENEFITS FOR FULL TIME STAFF EMPLOYED AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 1997
TABLE 50	STATE WORKLOAD PER FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT, FY 1997
TABLE 51	COSTS AND STAFF ASSOCIATED WITH CENTRAL OFFICE SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 52	TOTAL CASES WITH VOLUNTARY PAYMENTS, FY 1997
TABLE 53	TOTAL AMOUNT OF VOLUNTARY PAYMENTS, FY 1997
TABLE 54	TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES OPENED DURING THE YEAR, FY 1997
TABLE 55	TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES OPENED FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 56	TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES CLOSED DURING THE YEAR, FY 1997
TABLE 57	TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES CLOSED FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 58	FEDERAL INCOME TAX REFUND OFFSET PROGRAM, FY 1997
TABLE 59	FERERAL INCOME TAX REFUND OFFSET PROGRAM COLLECTIONS FOR FIVE CONSECUTIVE FISCAL YEARS
TABLE 60	IRS FULL COLLECTIONS, FY 1997
TABLE 61	ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE -AMOUNT OF TOTAL CURRENT SUPPORT DUE, FY 1997
TABLE 62	ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE -AMOUNT OF TOTAL CURRENT SUPPORT RECEIVED, FY 1997
TABLE 63	ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE -AMOUNT OF TOTAL PRIOR YEAR SUPPORT DUE, FY 1997
TABLE 64	ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE -AMOUNT OF TOTAL PRIOR YEAR SUPPORT RECEIVED, FY 1997
TABLE 65	ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE -AMOUNT OF TOTAL SUPPORT DUE FOR ORDERS ENTERED THIS YEAR, FY 1997
TABLE 66	ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE -AMOUNT OF TOTAL SUPPORT RECEIVED FOR ORDERS ENTERED THIS YEAR, FY 1997
TABLE 67	ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE -NUMBER OF ORDERS FOR CURRENT SUPPORT WHERE A COLLECTION WAS DUE, FY 1997
TABLE 68	ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE -NUMBER OF ORDERS FOR CURRENT SUPPORT WHERE A COLLECTION WAS RECEIVED, FY 1997
TABLE 69	ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE -NUMBER OF ORDERS FOR PRIOR YEARS' SUPPORT WHERE A COLLECTION WAS DUE, FY 1997
TABLE 70	ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE -NUMBER OF ORDERS FOR PRIOR YEARS' SUPPORT WHERE A COLLECTION WAS RECEIVED, FY 1997
TABLE 71	ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE -NUMBER OF TOTAL ORDERS ENTERED DURING THIS YEAR WHERE A COLLECTION WAS DUE, FY 1997
TABLE 72	ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE -NUMBER OF TOTAL ORDERS ENTERED DURING THIS YEAR WHERE A COLLECTION WAS RECEIVED, FY 1997
TABLE 73	INTERSTATE ACTIVITY -CASES INITIATED IN REPORTING STATES BY AFDC-TANF/FC, NON-AFDC-TANF,AND AFDC-TANF/FC ARREARS ONLY, FY 1997
TABLE 74	INTERSTATE ACTIVITY -CASES INITIATED IN OTHER STATES BY AFDC-TANF/FC, NON-AFDC, AND AFDC-TANF/FC ARREARS ONLY, FY 1997
TABLE 75	INTERSTATE ACTIVITY -CASES IN WHICH COLLECTIONS WERE SENT TO OTHER STATES, FY 1997
TABLE 76	INTERSTATE ACTIVITY -CASES IN WHICH COLLECTIONS WERE RECEIVED FROM OTHER STATES, FY 1997
TABLE 77	INTERSTATE ACTIVITY -TOTAL COLLECTIONS MADE ON BEHALF OF OTHER STATES, FY 1997
TABLE 78	INTERSTATE ACTIVITY -TOTAL COLLECTIONS RECEIVED FROM OTHER STATES, FY 1997

Glossary of Financial and Statistical Terms

PROGRAM COLLECTIONS

Total Distributed Collections (Form OCSE-34, Line 14(A+B+C))

            Total amount of collections distributed during the year on behalf of both AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children) and non-AFDC families.  Total collections can be calculated as the sum of AFDC/Foster Care and non-AFDC collections as defined below.

Distributed AFDC-TANF/Foster Care Collections (Form OCSE-34, Line 14(A+C))

            The portion of total collections received on behalf of families receiving assistance under the AFDC program or children placed in foster care facilities.  These collections are distributed by the State during the year either to reimburse itself or the Federal Government or directly to the families and facilities involved.

Distributed Non-AFDC-TANF Collections (Form OCSE-34, Line 14(B))

            The portion of total collections received on behalf of families not receiving assistance under the AFDC/Foster Care programs and distributed to those families during the year.

Total Collections Per Dollar of Total Administrative Expenditures (Form OCSE-34, Line 14(A+B+C) Divided by Form OCSE-131, Part 1, Line 4(A+B))

            The amount of total IV-D collections made for every dollar expended to administer the Child Support Enforcement program. Refer to definitions of total IV-D collections and total IV-D administrative expenditures.

AFDC-TANF/Foster Care Collections Per Dollar of Total Administrative Expenditures (Form OCSE-34, Line 14(A+C) Divided by Form OCSE-131, Part 1, Line 4(A+B))

            The amount of IV-D AFDC/FC child support collections made for every dollar expended to administer the Child Support Enforcement program.  Refer to definitions of IV-D AFDC/FC collections and total IV-D administrative expenditures.

Non-AFDC-TANF Collections Per Dollar of Total Administrative Expenditures (Form OCSE-34, Line 14(B) Divided by Form OCSE-131, Part 1, Line 4(A+B))

            The amount of IV-D non-AFDC collections made for every dollar expended to administer the Child Support Enforcement program.  Refer to definitions of IV-D non-AFDC collections and total IV-D administrative expenditures.

Net Federal Share of AFDC-TANF/Foster Care Collections (Form OCSE-34, Line 18(A+C))

            The portion of AFDC/Foster Care collections that is kept by the Federal Government as a reimbursement of its share of past assistance payments under the AFDC program.  The amount reported has been reduced by incentive payments made to the States.  The Federal share of collections is used to reduce Federal grants awarded to State agencies under the AFDC program.

State Share of AFDC-TANF/Foster Care Collections (Form OCSE-34, Line 14(A+C)

- Line 16(A+C))

            The portion of AFDC collections that is kept by the States as a reimbursement of their shares of past assistance payments under the AFDC program.

Incentive Payments (Form OCSE-34, Line 17(A+B))

            The portion of the gross Federal share of collections that is retained by the State in addition to its share of AFDC/Foster Care collections.  This amount is estimated by OCSE prior to the start of the fiscal year and is reported by the State on a quarterly basis.  The OCSE estimate is based on the State's estimated AFDC and non-AFDC collections in relation to Total Expenditures and is calculated pursuant to a methodology found in section 458 of the Social Security Act.  Actual incentive amounts are computed after the end of the fiscal year and appropriate adjustments are made in State grant awards.

AFDC-TANF/Foster Care Payment to Families (Form OCSE-34, Line 10(A) + 11(A+C))

            Total amount of collections distributed by the State during the year to AFDC families and Foster Care maintenance facilities under the distribution procedures of  the Social Security Act.  This includes the "AFDC disregard" payments as defined below.

AFDC-TANF Collections Distributed as Payments to Families and Disregarded in AFDC Eligibility (Form OCSE-34, Line 10(A))

            Portion of collections distributed by the State during the year to AFDC families that is disregarded in determining families' continuing eligibility for assistance payments

Collections from Federal Income Tax Offset (Form OCSE-34, Line 2(A+B+C))

            Total amount of collections received by the State during the year from the offset of child support payments from individuals' Federal income tax refunds through the U.S. Internal Revenue Service's Income Tax Refund Offset Program.

Collections from State Income Tax Offset (Form OCSE-34, Line 3(A+B+C))

            Total amount of collections received by the State during the year from the offset of child support payments from individuals' State income tax refunds.  (Applicable only to States that impose a personal income tax.)

Collections from Unemployment Compensation (Form OCSE-34, Line 4(A+B+C))

            Total amount of collections received by the State during the year from the offset of individuals' Unemployment Compensation Insurance payments to satisfy past-due child support.

Collections from Wage Withholding (Form OCSE-34, Line 5(A+B+C))

            Total amount of collections received by the State during the year from withholding child support payments from individuals' wages, salaries, and other income.

Total Program Savings (Form OCSE-34, Line 13(A) - OCSE-131, Part 1, Line 4(A+B))

            Total program savings is defined as the difference between amounts retained from AFDC child support collections as reimbursements of AFDC assistance payments and the net amount of administrative expenditures eligible for Federal funding.

PROGRAM EXPENDITURES

Total Administrative Expenditures (Form OCSE-131, Part 1, Line 4(A+B))

            Total amount of expenditures eligible for Federal funding that is claimed by the States during the year for the administration of the Child Support Enforcement program.  Includes all amounts claimed during the year, whether expended during the current or a previous fiscal year.  The amounts being reported have been reduced by the amount of program income (fees and costs recovered in excess of fees and interest earned and other program income received) by the States.

Fees Received and Costs Recovered for Non-AFDC-TANF Cases (Form OCSE-131, Part 1, Line 2(A+B))

            The amount of fees collected by the States for the processing of non-AFDC-TANF cases plus the amount of additional processing costs recovered by the States in excess of the fees charged.  This amount decreases the amount of States' expenditures eligible for Federal funding.

ADP Expenditures at the Enhanced Funding Rate (Form OCSE-131, Part 1, Line 5(A+B) + Line 6(A+B))

            The portion of total administrative expenditures claimed by the State at the enhanced funding rate (in accordance with the provisions of an approved Advanced Planning Document) for the planning, development, and implementation of an automated child support system and for the acquisition of operational hardware utilized in that system.

Expenditures for Laboratory Tests for Paternity Establishment (Form OCSE-131, Part 1, Line 8(A+B))

            The amount expended for laboratory costs associated with the process of determining paternity.

PROGRAM STATISTICS

Average Annual Child Support Enforcement Caseload (Form OCSE-156,

Line 4(A+B+C) + Line 5(A+B+C))

            The total number of child support enforcement cases open on the last day of each quarter.  A child support enforcement case is defined as every absent parent who is now or may eventually be obligated under law for the support of one or more dependent children.  An absent parent is counted once for each family which has a dependent child he or she is now or may eventually be obligated to support.

Average Annual CSE AFDC-TANF and Foster Care Caseload (Form OCSE-156, Line 4(A) + Line 5(A))

            The total number of child support enforcement AFDC-TANF and Foster Care cases open on the last day of each quarter.  An AFDC-TANF case is one in which the children to be supported are currently receiving money payments under the provisions of titles IV-A and IV-E of the Social Security Act and in which an assignment of support rights has been made by the caretaker relative to the State.

Average Annual CSE Non-AFDC-TANF Caseload (Form OCSE-156, Line 4(B) + Line 5(B))

            The total number of child support enforcement non-AFDC-TANF cases open on the last day of each quarter.  A non-AFDC-TANF case is one in which the children to be supported are not currently receiving a IV-A payment and in which the caretaker relative has made written application for child support enforcement non-AFDC-TANF services.  Also included are cases which are receiving services as former AFDC-TANF recipients whose collections are classified as non-AFDC-TANF collections, as well as Medicaid only cases.

Average Annual CSE AFDC and Foster Care Arrears Only Caseload (Form OCSE-156, Line 4(C) + Line 5(C))

            The total number of child support enforcement AFDC-TANF and Foster Care arrears only cases open on the last day of each quarter.  An AFDC-TANF and Foster Care arrears only case is one in which the children to be supported are former recipients of IV-A or IV-E payments and in which the absent parent is now delinquent in his or her reimbursement of these payments to the government.

Average Annual Child Support Caseload with Orders Established (Form OCSE-156, Line 4(A+B+C))

            The total number of child support enforcement cases open on the last day of each quarter with orders established. 

Average Number of CSE Cases in Which a Collection Was Made on an Obligation (Form OCSE-156, Line 9(A+B+C))

            The average number of child support enforcement cases in which a collection was made during the second month of the quarter. Also includes cases in which a collection was received as a result of the Federal Income Tax Refund Offset Program. If a case receives both an intercept collection and a regular collection during the second month of the quarter, the case is counted once.

Average Number of CSE AFDC-TANF and Foster Care Cases in Which a Collection Was Made on an Obligation (Form OCSE-156, Line 9(A))

            The average number of child support enforcement AFDC and Foster Care cases in which a collection was made during the second month of the quarter.  (AFDC and Foster Care arrears only cases are not included in this category.)

Average Number of CSE Non-AFDC-TANF Cases in Which a Collection Was Made on an Obligation (Form OCSE-156, Line 9(B))

            The average number of child support enforcement non-AFDC-TANF cases in which a collection was made during the second month of the quarter.

Average Number of CSE AFDC and Foster Care Arrears Only Cases in

Which a Collection Was Made on an Obligation (Form OCSE-156, Line 9(C))

            The average number of AFDC-TANF and Foster Care arrears only cases in which a collection was made during the second month of the quarter.

Services Required (Form OCSE-156, Lines 6 through 10(A, B, and C)

            The Family Support Act of 1988 requires that States report data with respect to the need and receipt of the following services:  paternity determination, location to establish a child support obligation, establishment of a child support obligation, and location to enforce or modify an existing child support obligation. The Act further requires that this information should include the number of cases, by type, in the child support enforcement agency caseload which need and receive the designated services.  States report the number of IV-D cases open on the last day of the quarter which need the specific service.                   

Services Provided (Form OCSE-156, Lines 11 through 17(A, B, and C)

            States maintained and report data on services provided including paternity and support order establishment, as well as information on why absent parents needed to be located, i.e., to enforce, modify or establish a child support obligation.

Total Number of Locations Made (Form OCSE-156, Line 12(A+B+C)+Line13(A+B+C))

            The total number of cases in which an absent parent's physical whereabouts, address, employer, sources of income, or assets have been located during the quarter.  Relocations are also included in these figures.

Federal Parent Locator Service Requests Processed with Known Social Security Numbers

            These are cases submitted to the FPLS for an address search in which the child support enforcement agency has provided an SSN for the absent parent.  Based upon input from the State, the FPLS will send the case to any or all of the following Federal agencies:  Internal Revenue Service, Department of Defense, Social Security Administration, Veterans Administration, National Personnel Records Center, and Selective Service System.  There are also quarterly matches done with State Employment Security Agencies.  Any responses are returned to the child support enforcement agency.

Federal Parent Locator Service Requests Processed with Unknown Social Security Numbers

            These are cases submitted to the FPLS for an address search in which the child support enforcement agency could not provide a valid SSN for the absent parent.  The FPLS will attempt to identify the SSN of the absent parent using information from the Social Security Administration and the Internal Revenue Service.  If an SSN is found, the FPLS will proceed with the address search.

Total Number of Paternities Established (Form OCSE-156, Line 14(A+B+C))

            The total number of children for whom paternity was established during the year.  A paternity is defined as the legal establishment of fatherhood for a child after the opening of a child support enforcement case, either by court determination or voluntary acknowledgment in States where such acknowledgments are legally enforceable.

Paternity Standard (Form OCSE-158, Line 3 (A+C+E) Divided by Line 1(A+C+E))

            Public Law 100-485 requires States to meet a standard for paternity establishment in order to be in substantial compliance with the requirement to operate an effective paternity establishment program.  It requires States to be judged using the following measure: the total number of children born out of wedlock for whom AFDC-TANF- is being paid or IV-D services are being provided under Section 454(6) of the Social Security Act and for whom paternity has been established--divided by the total number of children born out of wedlock receiving AFDC-TANF or IV-D services.

Number of Support Obligations Established (Form OCSE-156, Line 15 (A, B, and C))

            The total number of support obligations established during the year.  An obligation is defined as the legal establishment of an amount of money which is to be paid on a regular basis by a non-custodial parent for the support of that parent's children.  Modifications to existing obligations are also included in these figures if they are the result of actions in which the State or local child support enforcement agency participated.

Number of Support Orders Established that Include Health Insurance

(Form OCSE-156, Line 15a(A+B+C))

            The total number of support orders established by the IV-D agency which included orders for health insurance or medical support.

Number of Support Orders Enforced or Modified (Form OCSE-156, Line 16(A, B, and C))

            The total number of support orders enforced or modified by the IV-D agency.  Modifications must have been established by court order, voluntary agreement, or other legal process. 

Total Number of Support Orders Enforced or Modified that Include Health Insurance. (Form OCSE-156, Line 16a(A+B+C))

            The total number of support orders enforced or modified by the IV-D agency which included orders for health insurance or medical support.

Number of Families Removed from AFDC with Child Support Collections (Form OCSE-156, 11(A))

            The total number of AFDC-TANF cases terminated by the IV-A agency in which there was a collection.  This information reflects all IV-A case closures with a child support collection during the month the case was terminated. 

IV-A Cases in Which Parents Claim Good Cause for Refusing to Cooperate

(Form SSA-4680)

            The number of cases in which refusal to cooperate occurred for any reason and the number of cases for which good cause for refusing to cooperate was determined.  Examples of circumstances for which good cause is determined to exist include physical or emotional harm to the child or parent, rape or incest, legal adoption, and pre-adoption service.

Total Full Time Staff Employed as of September 30 (Form OCSE-158, Line 13(A) + Line 14(A))

            Reported are the total number of FTE staff employed by the State IV-D agency and any local IV-D agencies as well as the number of FTE staff employed by an agency (public or private) working under a cooperative agreement or a purchase-of-service agreement with the IV-D agency on the last working day of September.  FTE numbers include the reporting of all full-time equivalent workers and part-time workers using the number of hours worked by all part-time staff divided by 2080 hours.

Total Salary and Fringe Benefits for Full-Time Staff Employed as of September 30 (Form OCSE-158, Line 13(B) + Line 14(B))

            Reported are the total salary and fringe benefits for the staff employed at State and local IV-D agencies and those under cooperative/purchase of service agreements.

Total Cases with Voluntary Payments (Form OCSE-158, Line 5(A+C+E))

            The total number of cases where a legally enforceable support order has not been established but collections have been received during the current year broken out for AFDC-TANF and Foster Care, non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF and Foster Care Arrears Only.

Total Amount of Voluntary Payments (Form OCSE-158, Line 5(B+C+F))

            The total amount of collections received during the current year for cases where a legally enforceable support order has not been established broken out for AFDC-TANF and Foster Care, non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF and Foster Care Arrears Only.

Total Number of Cases Opened During the Year (Form OCSE-156, Line 2(A+B+C))

            The total number of IV-D cases opened during the current year through receipt of a valid written referral from the State IV-A or IV-E agency, receipt of a non-AFDC-TANF application from the custodial parent, or terminated IV-A and IV-E cases continuing to receive services as non-AFDC-TANF and/or arrears only cases.  This figure includes cases opened as a result of requests for assistance received from other States.  URESA petitions from other States are counted only if the initiating petition specifically requires action on the part of the responding State's IV-D agency.

Total Number of Cases Closed During the Year (Form OCSE-156, Line 3(A+B+C))

            The total number of cases formally closed during the year. There are limited conditions for closing IV-D cases set forth in Federal regulations.

INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE INFORMATION

Federal Income Tax Refund Offset Program

            States are required to submit cases to the Office of Child Support Enforcement certifying that criteria for Federal income tax refund offset are met as specified in section 464 of the Social Security Act.  Cases are then submitted to IRS for match against their master file.  Those cases that successfully match the IRS master file are certified for Federal income tax refunds offsets.

IRS Full Collections

            Cases submitted and amounts collected as a result of collections through the IRS Full Collection Process.  Under certain conditions, the IRS can collect child support against a parent's income and other assets.  States submit cases to the OCSE Regional Offices which certify cases to IRS.  IRS collects money through various means such as liens on property or bank accounts.

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Current Support Due (Form OCSE-158, Line 7(A through F))

            The total number of orders and amounts of money due (accounts receivable) for current year support broken out for AFDC-TANF and Foster Care, non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF Foster Care Arrears Only.

Current Support Received (Form OCSE-158, Line 8(A through F))

            The total number of orders and the amount of collections received for this year applicable to total amounts ordered for the current year broken out for AFDC and Foster Care, non-AFDC, and AFDC Foster Care Arrears Only.

Prior Years' Support Due (Form OCSE-158, Line 9(A through F))

            The total number of orders and amounts of money due (accounts receivable) for past due prior year child support broken out for AFDC-TANF and Foster Care, non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF Foster Care Arrears Only.

Prior Years' Support Received (Form OCSE-158, Line 10(A through F))

            The total number of orders and the amount of collections received this year for orders owing past due support from prior years broken out for AFDC-TANF and Foster Care, non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF Foster Care Arrears Only.

Support Due for Orders Entered This Year (Form OCSE-158, Line 11(A through F))

            The total number of support orders and the amount of collections due for orders which entered the IV-D system during the year.  The number reported represents obligations for the current year that entered the IV-D system during the year.  The figure includes pre-existing support orders associated with cases opened during the year and new orders established during the year.

Support Received for Orders Entered This Year (Form OCSE-158, Line 12(A through F))

            The total number of orders and the amount of collections received this year for orders that entered the IV-D system during the year.

INTERSTATE ACTIVITY

Cases Initiated in the Reporting States (Form OCSE-156, Line 18(A+B+C))

            The number of interstate cases initiated in the reporting State during each quarter, broken out for AFDC-TANF and Foster Care, non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF Foster Care Arrears Only.

Cases Initiated in Other States (Form OCSE-156, Line 19(A+B+C))

            The total number of interstate cases initiated in another State during each quarter, broken out for AFDC-TANF and Foster Care, non-AFDC-TANF, and AFDC-TANF Foster Care Arrears Only.

Cases in Which Collections Were Sent to Other States (Form OCSE-156, Line 20(A+B+C))

            The total number of cases for which collections were sent to other States during the second month of the quarter.  All cases for which collections were paid to other States are reported, regardless of when the request for assistance was received.

Cases in Which Collections Were Received from Other States (Form OCSE-156, Line 21(A+B+C))

            Total number of cases for which collections were received from other States.  Includes all interstate cases for which collections were received, regardless of when the request for assistance was sent.

Total Collections Made on Behalf of Other States (Form OCSE-34, Line 19(A+B+C))

            Collections made by the reporting State on behalf of other States.

Total Collections Received from Other States (Form OCSE-34, Line 7(A+B+C))

            Amounts collected by other States on behalf of the reporting State.

APPENDIX E:

FY 1997 Action Transmittals

OCSE-AT-96-10, December 23, 1996: Enhanced federal financial participation.

Availability of FFP at an enhanced rate under welfare reform.

OCSE-AT-96-01, January 6, 1997: Calculation and Recoupment of Federal Share.

Instructions for the calculation and recoupment of the Federal share of child support collections made on behalf of children in foster care facilities under the provisions of Public Law 104-193, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996.

OCSE-AT-97-02, February 10, 1997: Exemption Requests

Revised instructions for requesting an exemption from the mandatory laws and procedures required under section 466 of the Social Security Act.

OCSE-AT-97-03, March 6, 1997: Distribution of Federally approved interstate child support enforcement forms.

Copies of the Order/Notice to Withhold Income for Child Support form and instructions, the Interstate Subpoena form and instructions, and the Notice of Interstate Lien form and instructions.

OCSE-AT-97-04, March 12, 1997: New Hire Reporting

Policy questions and responses regarding the National Directory of New Hires and the State Directory of New Hires.

OCSE-AT-97-05, April 28, 1997: Procedures for State Plan Disapproval

Procedures for determining that a State IV-D plan is disapproved.

OCSE-AT-97-06, May 2, 1997: Interstate Forms

Federally approved standard interstate child support enforcement forms.

OCSE-AT-97-07, May 15, 1997: Exemption from State Disbursement Unit

Instructions for requesting an exemption from the mandatory State plan provision that the IV-D agency establish a single State disbursement unit under s3ction 454(27) of the Social Security Act.

OCSE-AT-97-08, May 14, 1997: Reduction in Federal Financial Participation (FFP) Rates

Informs States of the elimination of the 90 percent FFP rate on September 30, 1997.

OCSE-AT-97-09, July 17, 1997: Revisions to the Title IV-D State Plan Preprint

New and revised title IV-D State plan preprint pages reflecting the changes made to the State plan provisions of title IV-D by the welfare reform legislation.

OCSE-AT-97-10, July 30, 1997: General Questions

Responses to a series of questions received from States and others on various aspects of welfare reform, specifically those questions not answered by a separate AT on one topic, such as new hire reporting or distribution.

OCSE-AT-97-11, August 4, 1997: Federal Register Notice

Regarding Required Data Elements for Paternity Acknowledgement Affidavits.

OCSE-AT-97-12, September 9, 1997: Revisions to the Title IV-D State Plan Preprint

New and revised title IV-D State plan preprint page 3.15 reflecting the changes made by welfare reform to State plan provisions.

OCSE-AT-97-13, September 15, 1997: State Disbursement Units

Policy guidance on the requirement that States establish a State Disbursement Unit by October 1, 1998, including responses to a series of questions received from States and others on the mandate.

OCSE-At-97-14, September 29, 1997: Approval of Form ACF-396, “Child Support Enforcement Program Financial Report”

Informs States of the temporary approval by OMB of Form ACF-396, which replaces Form OCSE-131.

OCSE-AT-97-15, September 30, 1997: New Hire Reporting

Answers questions regarding New Hire reporting requirements for multistate employers.

APPENDIX F:

State Child Support Enforcement Agencies

Alabama

Carolyn Lapsley, Director

Department of Human Resources,

Division of Child Support

50 Ripley Street

Montgomery, AL 36130-1801

IV-D Director's Phone: (334) 242-9300

IV-D Director's Fax: (334) 242-0606

In State Office Phone: 1-800-284-4347 or

(334) 242-9300

Office Fax: (334) 242-0606

E-Mail: DHRCSE@zebra.net

Alaska

Barbara Miklos, Director

Child Support Enforcement Division

550 West 7th Avenue, Suite 312

Anchorage, AK 99501-6699

IV-D Director's Phone: (907) 269-6804

IV-D Director's Fax: (907) 269-6868

In State Office Phone: (800) 478-3300

(907) 269-6813

Office Fax: (907) 269-6813

E-Mail: Barbara_Miklos@revenue.state.ak.us

American Somoa

Fainuulelei L. Ala'ilima-Uta,

Assistant Attorney General

Office of the Attorney General

P.O. Box 7

Pago Pago, AS 96799

IV-D Director's Phone: (684) 633-7161/4163

IV-D Director's Fax: (684) 633-1838

Arizona

Nancy Mendoza, Director

Department of Economic Security,

Division of Child Support Enforcement

P.O. Box 40458, Site Code 021A

(Street Address: 3443 N. Central Avenue, 4th Floor, ZIP 85012)

Phoenix, AZ 85067

IV-D Director's Phone: (602) 274-7646

IV-D Director's Fax: (602) 274-8250

In State Office Phone: (602) 252-4045

Arkansas

Dan McDonald, Administrator

Office of Child Support Enforcement,

Division of Revenue

P.O. Box 8133

(712 W. 3rd Street, ZIP 72201)

Little Rock, AR 72203

IV-D Director's Phone: (501) 682-6169

IV-D Director's Fax: (501) 682-6002

In State Office Phone: (501) 682-8398

(800) 264-2445 (payments)

(800) 247-4549 (program)

Office Fax: (501) 682-6002

E-Mail: dan.mcdonald@mail.state.ar.us

California

Leslie Frye, Chief

Office of Child Support

P.O. Box 944245

Sacramento, CA 95814

IV-D Director's Phone: (916) 654-1556

IV-D Director's Fax: (916) 653-8690

In State Office Phone: (916) 654-1532

(800) 952-5253

Office Fax: (916)657-3791

E-Mail: leslie.frye@dss.ca.gov

Colorado

Pauline Burton, Director

Department of Human Services,

Division of Child Support Enforcement

1575 Sherman Street, 2nd floor

Denver, CO 80203-1714

IV-D Director's Phone: (303) 839-1203

IV-D Director's Fax: (303) 839-1332

In State Office Phone: (303) 866-5994

Office Fax: (303) 866-2214

E-Mail: Pauline.Burton@state.co.us

Connecticut

Diane Fray, Director

Department of Social Services,

Bureau of Child Support Enforcement

25 Sigourney Street

Hartford, CT 06105-5033

IV-D Director's Phone: (860) 424-5251

IV-D Director's Fax: (860) 951-2996

In State Office Phone: (860) 424-5251

(800) 228-5437 (problems) (800) 647-8872 (info) (800) 698-0572 (payments)

Office Fax: (860) 951-2996

E-Mail: Diane.Fray@po.state.ct.us

                                      

Delaware

Karryl D. Hubbard, Director

Department of Health and Social Services, Division of Child Support Enforcement

Herman Hallaway Campus

(street address: 1901 North Dupont Hwy)

P.O. Box 904

New Castle, DE 19720

IV-D Director's Phone: (302) 577-4807

IV-D Director's Fax: (302) 577-4873

In State Office Phone: (302) 577-4863

(302) 577-4800

Office Fax: (302) 577-4873

E-Mail: Khubbard@state.de.us

District of Columbia

Phil Browning , Chief

Office of Paternity and Child Support Enforcement

441 Fourth Street NW 5th Floor

Washington, DC 20024-2480

IV-D Director's Phone: (202) 724-1548

IV-D In State Office Phone: (202) 724-1444

E-Mail: DCIV-D_Browning@hotmail.com

Florida

Lillie Bogan, Director

Department of Revenue,

Child Support Enforcement Program

P.O. Box 8030

Tallahassee, FL 32314-8030

IV-D Director's Phone: (850) 488-8733

IV-D Director's Fax: (850) 488-4401

In State Office Phone: (904) 922-9590

Office Fax: (904) 488-4401

E-Mail: boganl@dor.state.fl.us

Georgia

Martin Elmore, Director

Department of Human Resources,

Child Support Enforcement

P.O. Box 38450

(2 Peachtree Street, NW, Suite 15-107,Zip 30303)

Atlanta, GA 30334-0450

IV-D Director's Phone: (404) 657-3851/3856

IV-D Director's Fax: (404) 657-3326

In State Office Phone: (404) 657-3851

(800) 227-7993

Office Fax: (404) 657-3326

E-Mail: mdelmore@dhr.state.ga.us

Guam

Kathy Montague, Deputy Attorney General

Department of Law,

Child Support Enforcement Unit

238 Archbishop F. C. Flores Street

Agana, GU 96910

IV-D Director's Phone: (671) 475-3360/3363

IV-D Director's Fax: (617) 477-6118

In State Office Phone: 011 (671) 475-3360

E-Mail: kmontague@ns.gu

Hawaii

Mike L. Meaney, Administrator

Department of Attorney General,

Child Support Enforcement Agency

Kakuhihewa State Office Building

Kapolei, HI 96707

IV-D Director's Phone: (808) 692-7000

IV-D Director's Fax: (808) 692-7134

In State Office Phone: (808) 587-3695

E-Mail: csea-adm@pixi.com

Idaho

Tamara Prisock, Chief

Department of Health and Welfare,

Bureau of Child Support Services

P.O. Box 83720

(450 West State Street, 6th Floor, ZIP 83702)

Boise, ID 83720-0036

IV-D Director's Phone: (208) 334-5719

IV-D Director's Fax: (208) 334-5817

In State Office Phone: (208) 334-2479

(800) 356-9868

Office Fax: (208) 334-0666

E-Mail: Prisockt@idhw.state.id.us

Illinois

Robert Lyons, Administrator

Illinois Department of Public Aid,

Division of Child Support Enforcement

32 W. Randolph Street, Rm 923

Chicago, IL 60601

IV-D Director's Phone: (217) 524-4602

IV-D Director's Fax: (217) 524-4608

In State Office Phone: (217) 524-4602

(800) 447-4278

Office Fax: (217) 524-4608

E-Mail: AIDD5107@DPA084R2.state.il.us

Indiana

Joe Mamlin, Director

Child Support Bureau

402 West Washington Street, Rm W360

Indianapolis, IN 46204

IV-D Director's Phone: (317) 232-4877

IV-D Director's Fax: (317) 233-4925

In State Office Phone: (317) 233-5437

Office Fax: (317) 233-4932

E-Mail: jmamlin@fssa.state.in.us

Iowa

Nancy Thoma, Director

Department of Human Services,

Bureau of Collections,

Hoover Building - 5th Floor

Des Moines, IA 50319

IV-D Director's Phone: (515) 281-8886

IV-D Director's Fax: (515) 281-8854

In State Office Phone: (515) 281-5580

Office Fax: (515) 281-8854

E-Mail: nthoma@dhs.state.ia.us

Kansas

James A. Robertson, Administrator

Department of Social & Rehabilitation Services, Child Support Enforcement Program

P.O. Box 497

(Street Address: 300 SW Oakley Street,

Biddle Bldg, ZIP 66606)

Topeka, KS 66601

IV-D Director's Phone: (785) 296-3237

IV-D Director's Fax: (785) 296-5206

In State Office Phone: (913) 296-3237

(800) 432-0152 (withholding)

(800) 570-6743 (collections) (800) 432-3913

Office Fax: (913) 296-5206

E-Mail: jaxr@srbiddle.wpo.state.ks.us

Kentucky

Steven P Veno, Director

Cabinet for Human Resources,

Division of Child Support Enforcement

275 East Main Street

Frankfort, KY 40621

IV-D Director's Phone: (502) 564-2285 ext. 404 IV-D Director's Fax: (502) 264-5988

In State Office Phone: (502) 564-2285

Office Fax: (502) 564-5988

E-Mail: steven.veno@mail.state.ky.us

Louisiana

Gordon Hood, Director

Support Enforcement Services,

Office of Family Support

P.O. Box 94065

Baton Rouge, LA 70804-4065

IV-D Director's Phone: (504) 342-4780

IV-D Director's Fax: (504) 342-7397

In State Office Phone: (504) 342-4780

(800) 256-4650 (payments)

Office Fax: (504) 342-7397

E-Mail: ghood@dss.state.la.us

Maine

Stephen L. Hussey, Director

Dept of Human Services ,

Bureau of Family Independance,

Div of Support Enforcement and Recovery

State House Station,

Augusta, ME 04333

IV-D Director's Phone: (207) 287-2886

IV-D Director's Fax: (207) 287-5096

In State Office Phone: (207) 287-2886

(800) 371-3101

Office Fax: (207) 287-2886

E-Mail: stephen.L.hussey@state.me.us

Maryland

Clifford Layman, Executive Director

Child Support Enforcement Administration

311 West Saratoga Street

Baltimore, MD 21201

IV-D Director's Phone: (410) 767-7674 or 7358 IV-D Director's Fax: (410) 333-8992

In State Office Phone: (410) 767-7619

(800) 332-6347

Office Fax: (410) 333-8992

E-Mail: clayman1@erols.com

Massachusetts

Amy Pitter, Deputy Commissioner

Department of Revenue,

Child Support Enforcement Division

141 Portland Street

Cambridge, MA 02139-1937

IV-D Director's Phone: (617) 577-7200 ex 30482 or 30405 IV-D Director's Fax: (617) 621-4991

In State Office Phone: (617) 577-7200

(800) 332-2733

Office Fax: (617) 621-4991

E-Mail: pitter@ma-cse.org

Michigan

Wallace Dutkowski, Director

Family Independency Agency,

Office of Child Support

P.O. Box 30478

(Street Address: 7109 W. Saginaw Hwy)

Lansing, MI 48909-7978

IV-D Director's Phone: (517) 373-7570

IV-D Director's Fax: (517) 373-4980

In State Office Phone: (517) 373-7570

Office Fax: (517) 373-4980

E-Mail: dutkowskiw@state.mi.us

Minnesota

Laura Kadwell, Director

Department of Human Services,

Office of Child Support Enforcement

444 Lafayette Road, 4th floor

St Paul, MN 55155-3846

IV-D Director's Phone: (612) 297-8232

IV-D Director's Fax: (612) 297-4450

In State Office Phone: (612) 296-2542

Office Fax: (612) 297-4450

E-Mail: laura.kadwell@state.mn.us

Mississippi

Richard Harris, Director

Department of Human Services,

Division of Child Support Enforcement

P.O. Box 352

Jackson, MS 39205

IV-D Director's Phone: (601) 359-4863

IV-D Director's Fax: (601) 359-4415

In State Office Phone: (601) 359-4861

(800) 354-6039

Hines, Rankin, & Madison counties

(800) 434-5437

Office Fax: (601) 359-4415

E-Mail: rharris@mdhs.state.ms.us

Missouri

Brian Kinkade, Director

Department of Social Services,

Division of Child Support Enforcement

P.O. Box 2320

(227 Metro Drive)

Jefferson City, MO 65101-2320

IV-D Director's Phone: (573) 751-1374

IV-D Director's Fax: (573) 751-8450

In State Office Phone: (573) 751-4301

(800) 859-7999

Office Fax: (573) 751-8450

E-Mail: bkinkade@mail.state.mo.us

Montana

Mary Ann Wellbank, Administrator

Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services, Child Support Enforcement Division

P.O. Box 202943

(Street Address: 3075 N. Montana Ave., Ste 112)

Helena, MT 59620

IV-D Director's Phone: (406) 444-3338

IV-D Director's Fax: (406) 444-1370

In State Office Phone: (406) 442-7278

(800) 346-5437

Office Fax: (406) 444-1370

E-Mail: mwellbank@mt.gov

Nebraska

Daryl D. Wusk, CSE Administrator

Department of Health and Human Services,

Child Support Enforcement Office

P.O. Box 94728

(West Campus Folsom and West Prospector Pl.)

Lincoln, NE 68509-4728

IV-D Director's Phone: (402) 479-5555

IV-D Director's Fax: (402) 479-5543

In State Office Phone: (402) 471-9160

(800) 831-4573

Office Fax: (402) 471-9455

E-Mail: Daryl.Wusk@hhss.state.ne.us

Nevada

Leland Sullivan, Chief

Child Support Enforcement Program,

Nevada State Welfare Division

2527 North Carson Street, Capitol complex

Carson City, NV 89716

IV-D Director's Phone: (702) 687-4744

IV-D Director's Fax: (702) 684-8026

In State Office Phone: (702) 687-4744

(800) 922-0900

Office Fax: (702) 684-6026

E-Mail: ldimmick@govmail.state.nv.us

New Hampshire

Kathleen L. Kerr, Administrator

Office of Program Support,

Office of Child Support

Health and Human Services Building

6 Hazen Drive

Concord, NH 03301

IV-D Director's Phone: (603) 271-4287

IV-D Director's Fax: (603) 271-4787

In State Office Phone: (603) 271-4427

(800) 852-3345 ext. 4427

Office Fax: (603) 271-4787

E-Mail: kkerr@dhhs.state.nh.us

New Jersey

Alisha Griffin, Director

Department of Human Services,

Bureau of Child Support and Paternity Programs,

Division of Family Development

P. O. Box 716

Trenton, NJ 08625-0716

IV-D Director's Phone: (609) 584-5093o:p>

IV-D Director's Fax: (609) 588-2354

In State Office Phone:

(800) 655-4371

Office Fax: (609) 588-2354

E-Mail: agriffin@dhs.state.nj.us

New Mexico

Ben Silva, Director

Department: Human Services Department,

Child Support Enforcement Bureau

P.O. Box 25109

(Street Address: 2025 S. Pacheco)

Santa Fe, NM 87504

IV-D Director's Phone: (505) 827-7200

IV-D Director's Fax: (505) 827-7285

In State Office Phone: (505) 827-7200

(800) 432-6217

Office Fax: (505) 827-7285

New York

Robert Doar, Director

Department of Social Services, Office of Child Support Enforcement

P.O. Box 14

(Street Address: One Commerce Plaza,

ZIP 12260)

Albany, NY 12260-0014

IV-D Director's Phone: (518) 474-9081

IV-D Director's Fax: (518) 486-3127

In State Office Phone: (518) 474-9081

(800) 343-8859

Office Fax: (518) 486-3127

E-Mail: robert.doar@dfa.state.ny.us

North Carolina

Barry A. Miller, Chief

Department of Human Resources,

Division of Social Services,

Child Support Enforcement Section

100 East Six Forks Road

Raleigh, NC 27609-7750

IV-D Director's Phone: (919) 420-7982

IV-D Director's Fax: (919) 571-4126

In State Office Phone: (919) 571-4114

(800) 992-9457

Office Fax: (919) 571-4126

E-Mail: bmiller3@dhr.state.nc.us

North Dakota

Mike Schwindt, Director

Department of Human Services,

Child Support Enforcement Agency

P.O. Box 7190

(Street Address: 1929 North Washington Street) Bismarck, ND 58507-7190

IV-D Director's Phone: (701) 328-3582 or 5493 IV-D Director's Fax: (701) 328-6575

In State Office Phone: (701) 328-3582

(800) 755-8530

Office Fax: (701) 328-5497

E-Mail: soschm@state.nd.us

Ohio

Barbara Saunders, Deputy Director

Department of Human Services,

Office of Child Support Enforcement

30 East Broad Street, 31st Floor

Columbus, OH 43266-0423

IV-D Director's Phone: (614) 752-6561

IV-D Director's Fax: (614) 752-9760

In State Office Phone: (614) 752-6561

(800) 686-1556

Office Fax: (614) 752-9760

E-Mail: saundb@odhs.state.oh.us

Oklahoma

Ray Weaver, Administrator

Department of Human Services,

Child Support Enforcement Division

P.O. Box 53552

(Street Address: 2409 N. Kelley Ave., Annex Building)

Oklahoma City, OK 73152

IV-D Director's Phone: (405) 522-5871

IV-D Director's Fax: (405) 522-2753

In State Office Phone: (405) 522-5871

(800) 522-2922

Office Fax: (405) 522-2753

E-Mail: Elaine.Hudson@dhs.oklaosf.state.ok.us

Oregon

Phil Yarnell, Director

Department of Human Resources,

Adult and Family Services Division

Oregon Child Support Program

500 Summer St. NE

Salem, OR 97310-1013

IV-D Director's Phone: (503) 945-5600

IV-D Director's Fax: (503) 373-7492

In State Office Phone: (503) 378-5567

(800) 850-0288 (800) 850-0294 (rotary)

Office Fax: (503) 391-5526

E-Mail: phil.yarnell@state.or.us

Pennsylvania

Daniel Richard, Director

Department of Public Welfare,

Bureau of Child Support Enforcement

P.O. Box 8018

(Street Address: 1303 North Seventh St., 17102 Commerce Bldg., 12th Floor)

Harrisburg, PA 17105

IV-D Director's Phone: (717) 783-5441

IV-D Director's Fax: (717) 772-4936

In State Office Phone: (717) 787-3672

(800) 932-0211

Office Fax: (717) 787-9706

Puerto Rico

Miguel Verdiales, Administrator

Department of Social Services,

Administration for Child Support

P.O. Box 3349

San Juan, PR 00902

IV-D Director's Phone: (787) 767-1886

IV-D Director's Fax: (787) 282-8324

In State Office Phone: (787) 767-1500

Office Fax: (787) 723-6187

E-Mail: mverdial@coqui.net

Rhode Island

John F. Murphy, Administrator

Department of Administration,

Division of Child Support Enforcement

77 Dorrance Street

Providence, RI 02903

IV-D Director's Phone: (401) 222-2847

IV-D Director's Fax: (401) 222-2887

In State Office Phone: (401) 277-2847

(800) 922-0536

Office Fax: (401) 277-6674

E-Mail: MurphyJF@tax.state.ri.us

South Carolina

Larry J. McKeown, Director

Department of Social Services,

Child Support Enforcement Division

P.O. Box 1469

(Street Address: 3150 Harden Street)

Columbia, SC 29202-1469

IV-D Director's Phone: (803) 737-5870

IV-D Director's Fax: (803) 737-6032

In State Office Phone: (803) 737-5875

(800) 768-6779 (payments)

(800) 768-5858

Office Fax: (803) 737-6032

E-Mail: mthigpen@dss.state.sc.us

South Dakota

Terry Walter, Program Administrator

Department of Social Services,

Office of Child Support Enforcement

700 Governor's Drive, Suite 84

Pierre, SD 57501-2291

IV-D Director's Phone: (605) 773-3641

IV-D Director's Fax: (605) 773-5246

In State Office Phone: (605) 773-3641

Office Fax: (605) 773-5246

E-Mail: Terry. Walter@State.sd.us

Tennessee

Glenda Sherron, Director

Department of Human Services,

Child Support Services

Citizens Plaza Building, 12th Floor

400 Deadrick Street

Nashville, TN 37248-7400

IV-D Director's Phone: (615) 313-4879

IV-D Director's Fax: (615) 741-4165

In State Office Phone: (615) 313-4880

(800) 874-0530 (payments)

Office Fax: (615) 532-2791

E-Mail: gshearon@mail.state.tn.us

Texas

Howard Baldwin , Director

Office of the Attorney General,

Child Support Division

P.O. Box 12017

(Street Address: 5500 E. Oltorf, ZIP 78741)

Austin, TX 78711-2017

IV-D Director's Phone: (512) 460-6000

IV-D Director's Fax: (512) 460-6028

In State Office Phone: (512) 460-6000

(800) 252-8014

Office Fax: (512) 834-9712

E-Mail: Howard.Baldwin@oag.state.tx.us

Utah

James Kidder, Director

Department of Human Services,

Bureau of Child Support Services

P.O. Box 45011

(515 East, 100 South)

Salt Lake City, UT 84145-0011

IV-D Director's Phone: (801) 536-8911

IV-D Director's Fax: (801) 536-8509

In State Office Phone: (801) 536-8500

(800) 257-9156

Office Fax: (801) 536-8509

E-Mail: hsorsslc.jkidder@state.ut.us

Vermont

Jeffery Cohen, Director

Office of Child Support

103 South Main Street

Waterbury, VT 05671-1901

IV-D Director's Phone: (802) 241-2319

IV-D Director's Fax: (802) 244-1483

In State Office Phone: (802) 244-1483

(800) 786-3214

Office Fax: (802) 244-1483

E-Mail: jeffc@wpgate1.ahs.state.vt.us

Virgin Islands

Cisselon D. Nichols, Director

Department of Justice,

Paternity and Child Support Division

GERS Building, 2nd Floor

48B-50C Krondprans Gade

St. Thomas, VI 00802

IV-D Director's Phone: (809) 775-3070

IV-D Director's Fax: (809) 775-3808

In State Office Phone: (809) 774-4339

Office Fax: (809) 774-9710

Virginia

Nathaniel Young, Jr., Director

Department of Social Services,

Division of Child Support Enforcement

730 East Broad Street

Richmond, VA 23219

IV-D Director's Phone: (804) 692-1501

IV-D Director's Fax: (804) 692-1543

In State Office Phone: (804) 692-1428

(800) 468-8894

Office Fax: (804) 692-1405

E-Mail: NLY900@dcse.dss.state.va.us

Washington

Meg Sollenberger, Director

DSHS, Division of Child Support

P.O. Box 9162

(Street Address: 712 Pear St., SE)

Olympia, WA 98507

IV-D Director's Phone: (360) 664-5441

IV-D Director's Fax: (360) 586-3274

In State Office Phone: (360) 586-3520

(800) 457-6202

E-Mail: msollenb@dshs.wa.gov

West Virginia

Lena S. Hill, Commissioner

Department of Health & Human Resources, Bureau of Child Support Enforcement

Building 6, Room 817

State Capitol Complex

Charleston, WV 25305

IV-D Director's Phone: (304) 558-3780

IV-D Director's Fax: (304) 558-4092

In State Office Phone: (304) 558-3780

(800) 249-3778

Wisconsin

Susan Pfeiffer, Director

Bureau of Child Support,

Division of Economic Support

P.O. Box 7935

(Street Address: 1 West Wilson Street, Room 382)

Madison, WI 53707-7935

IV-D Director's Phone: (608) 266-9909

IV-D Director's Fax: (608) 267-2824

In State Office Phone: (608) 266-9909

Office Fax: (608) 267-2824

E-Mail: pfeifsu@dwd.state.wi.us

Wyoming

William D. Schaad, Administrator

Department of Family Services,

Child Support Enforcement Program

Hathaway Building, Room 361

2300 Capital Avenue

Cheyenne, WY 82002-0710

IV-D Director's Phone: (307) 777-3695

IV-D Director's Fax: (307) 777-3693

In State Office Phone: (307) 777-7631

(800) 457-3659

Office Fax: (307) 777-3693

E-Mail: dschaa@missc.state.

APPENDIX H:  

Federal Legislative History of Child Support Enforcement

1950

The first Federal child support enforcement legislation was Section 402(a)(11) of the Social Security Act [42 USC 602(a)(11)], which required State welfare agencies to notify appropriate law enforcement officials upon providing Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) with respect to a child who was abandoned or deserted by a parent.

Also that year, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Bar Association approved the Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act (subsequent amendments to this Act were approved in 1952, 1958, and 1968).

1965

Public Law (P.L.) 89‑97, the Social Security Amendments of 1965, allowed a State or local welfare agency to obtain from the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare the address and place of employment of an absent parent who owed child support under a court order for support.

1967

P.L. 90‑248, the Social Security Amendments of 1967, allowed States to obtain from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) the addresses of absent parents who owed child support under a court order for support. In addition, each State was required to establish a single organizational unit to establish paternity and collect child support for deserted children receiving AFDC. States were also required to work cooperatively with each other under child support reciprocity agreements and with courts and law enforcement officials.

1975

P.L. 93‑647, the Social Security Amendments of 1974, created, inter alia, Part D of Title IV of the Social Security Act [Sections 451, et seq.; 42 USC 651, et seq.]. The key child support enforcement provisions, which reflect three years of intense Congressional attention, are as follows:

            •           The Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services or DHHS) has primary responsibility for the Program and is required to establish a separate organizational unit to operate the program. Operational responsibilities include (1) establishing a parent locator service; (2) establishing standards for State program organization, staffing, and operation to assure an effective program; (3) reviewing and approving State plans for the program; (4) evaluating State program operations by conducting audits of each State's program; (5) certifying cases for referral to the Federal courts to enforce support obligations; (6) certifying cases for referral to the IRS for support collections; (7) providing technical assistance to States and assisting hem with reporting procedures; (8) maintaining records of program operations, expenditures, and collections; and (9) submitting an annual report to the Congress.

            •           Primary responsibility for operating the Child Support Enforcement Program is placed on the States pursuant to the State plan. The major requirements of a State plan are that (1) the State designate a single and separate organizational unit to administer the program; (2) the State undertake to establish paternity and secure support for individuals receiving AFDC and others who apply directly for child support enforcement services; (3) child support payments be made to the State for distribution; (4) the State enter into cooperative agreements with appropriate courts and law enforcement officials; (5) the State establish a State parent locator service that uses State and local parent location resources and the Federal Parent Locator Service; (6) the State cooperate with any other State in locating an absent parent, establishing paternity, and securing support; and (7) the State maintain a full record of collections and disbursements made under the plan.

            •           Procedures were set out for the distribution of child support collections received on behalf of families receiving AFDC.

            •           Incentive payments to States for collections made on AFDC cases were created.

            •           Monies due and payable to Federal employees became subject to garnishment for the collection of child support.

            •           New eligibility requirements were added to the AFDC program, which required each applicant for, or recipient of, AFDC to make an assignment of support rights to the State; to cooperate with the State in establishing paternity and securing support; and to furnish his or her Social Security number to the State.

The effective date of P.L. 93‑647 was July 1, 1975, except for the provision regarding garnishment of Federal employees, which was effective upon enactment. However, several problems were identified prior to the effective date and Congress passed P.L. 94‑46 to extend the effective date to August 1, 1975. In addition, P.L. 94‑88 was passed in August 1975 to allow States to obtain waivers from certain program requirements under certain conditions until June 30, 1976 and to receive Federal reimbursement at a reduced rate. This law also eased the requirement for AFDC recipients to cooperate with State child support enforcement agencies when such cooperation would not be in the best interests of the child. It also provided for supplemental payments to AFDC recipients whose grants would be reduced due to the implementation of the child support enforcement program.

1976

P.L. 94-566, effective October 20, 1976, required State employment agencies to provide absent parents' addresses to State child support enforcement agencies.

1977

P.L. 95‑30, effective May 23, 1977, made several amendments to Title IV‑D:

            •           Provisions relating to the garnishment of a Federal employee's wages for child support were amended to (1) include employees of the District of Columbia; (2) specify the conditions and procedures to be followed to serve garnishments on Federal agencies; (3) authorize the issuance of garnishment regulations by the three branches of the Federal Government and by the District; and (4) define further certain terms used.

            •           Section 454 of the Social Security Act (42 USC 654) was amended to require the State plan to provide bonding for employees who receive, handle, or disburse cash and to insure that the accounting and collection functions be performed by different individuals.

            •           The incentive payment provision, under section 458(a) of the Social Security Act [42 USC 658(a)], was amended to change the rate to 15 percent of AFDC collections (from 25 percent for the first 12 months and 10 percent thereafter).

P.L. 95-142, the Medicare‑Medicaid Antifraud and Abuse Amendments of 1977, established a medical support enforcement program, under which States could require Medicaid applicants to assign to the State their rights to medical support. State Medicaid agencies were allowed to enter into cooperative agreements with any appropriate agency of any State, including the IV‑D agency, for assistance with the enforcement and collection of medical support obligations. Incentives were also available to localities making child support collections for States and for States securing collections on behalf of other States.

1978

P.L. 95-598, the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978, repealed section 456(b) of the Social Security Act [42 USC 656(b)], which had barred the discharge in bankruptcy of assigned child support debts. (Note: this section of the Social Security Act (now 546(h)) was restored by P.L. 97-35 in 1981.)

1980

P.L. 96‑178 extended Federal Financial Participation (FFP) for non‑AFDC services to March 31, 1980, retroactive to October 1, 1978.

P.L. 96-265, the Social Security Disability Amendments of 1980, increased Federal matching funds to 90 percent, effective July 1, 1981, for the costs of developing, implementing, and enhancing approved automated child support management information systems. Federal matching funds were also made available for child support enforcement duties performed by certain court personnel. In another provision, the law authorized the use of the IRS to collect child support arrearages on behalf of non‑AFDC families. Finally, the law provided State and local IV‑D agencies access to wage information held by the Social Security Administration and State employment security agencies for use in establishing and enforcing child support obligations.

P.L. 96-272, the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980, contained four amendments to Title IV‑D of the Social Security Act. First, the law made FFP for non‑AFDC services available on a permanent basis. Second, it allowed States to receive incentive payments on all AFDC collections as well as interstate collections. Third, as of October 1, 1979, States were required to claim reimbursement for expenditures within two years, with some exceptions. The fourth change postponed until October, 1980, the imposition of the 5 percent penalty on AFDC reimbursement for States not having effective child support enforcement programs.

1981

P.L. 97-35, the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1981, added five amendments to the IV‑D provisions. First, IRS was authorized to withhold all or a part of certain individuals' Federal income tax refunds for collection of delinquent child support obligations. Second, IV‑D agencies were required to collect spousal support for AFDC families. Third, for non‑AFDC cases, IV‑D agencies were required to collect fees from absent parents who were delinquent in their child support payments. Fourth, child support obligations assigned to the State no longer were dischargeable in bankruptcy proceedings. The law imposed on States a requirement to withhold a portion of unemployment benefits from absent parents delinquent in their support payments.

1982

P.L. 97-248, the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, included the following provisions, affecting the IV‑D program:

            •           FFP was reduced from 75 to 70 percent, effective October 1, 1982. Incentives were reduced from 15 to 12 percent, effective October 1, 1983. The provision for reimbursement of costs of certain court personnel that exceed the amount of funds spent by a State on similar court expenses during calendar year 1978 was repealed.

            •           The mandatory non‑AFDC collection fee imposed by P.L. 97‑35 was repealed, retroactive to August 13, 1981. States were allowed to elect not to recover costs or to recover costs from collections or from fees imposed on absent parents. Another provision allowed States to collect spousal support in certain non‑AFDC cases.

            •           As of October 1, 1982, members of the uniformed services on active duty are required to make allotments from their pay when support arrearages reach the equivalent of a 2‑month delinquency.

            •           Also beginning October 1, 1982, States were allowed to reimburse themselves for AFDC grants paid to families for the first month in which the collection of child support is sufficient to make a family ineligible for AFDC.

P.L. 97-253, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1982, provided for the disclosure of information obtained under authority of the Food Stamp Act of 1977 to various programs, including State child support enforcement agencies.

P.L. 97-252, the Uniformed Services Former Spouses' Protection Act, authorized treatment of military retirement or retainer pay as property to be divided by State courts in connection with divorce, dissolution, annulment, or legal separation proceedings.

1984

P.L. 98‑378, the Child Support Enforcement Amendments of 1984, featured provisions that required critical improvements in State and local child support enforcement programs in four major areas:

            •           Mandatory Practices

                        All States must enact statutes providing for the use of improved enforcement mechanisms, including (1)mandatory income withholding procedures; (2) expedited processes for establishing and enforcing support orders; (3) State income tax refund interceptions; (4) liens against real and personal property, security or bonds to assure compliance with support obligations; and (5) reports of support delinquency information to consumer reporting agencies. State law must allow for the bringing of paternity actions any time prior to a child's 18th birthday and all support orders issued or modified after October 1, 1985, must include a provision for wage withholding.

            •           Federal Financial Participation and Audit Provisions

                        To encourage greater reliance on performance‑based incentives, Federal matching funds were reduced by 2 percent in FY 1988 (to 68 percent) and another 2 percent in FY 1990 (to 66 percent). Federal matching funds at 90 percent became available for the development and installation of automated systems, including computer hardware purchases, to facilitate income withholding and other newly required procedures.

                        State incentive payments were reset at 6 percent for both AFDC and non-AFDC collections.  These percentages can increase to as much as 10 percent for both categories for very cost‑effective States, but a State's non‑AFDC incentive payments are limited by the amount of incentives received for AFDC collections. The law further required States to pass incentives through to local child support enforcement agencies where these agencies have participated in the costs of the program.

                        Annual State audits were replaced with audits conducted at least once every 3 years. The focus of the audits was altered to evaluate a State's effectiveness on the basis of program performance as well as operational compliance. Penalties for noncompliance are from 1 to 5 percent of the Federal share of the State's AFDC funds. The Federal government may suspend imposition of a penalty based on a State's filing of, and complying with, an acceptable corrective action plan.

            •           Improved Interstate Enforcement

                        The proven enforcement techniques discussed above must be applied to interstate cases as well as intrastate cases. Both States involved inan interstate case may take credit for the collection when reporting total collections for the purpose of calculating incentives. Special demonstration grants were authorized beginning in FY 1985 to fund innovative methods of interstate enforcement and collection. Federal audits will focus on States' effectiveness in establishing and enforcing obligations across State lines.

            •           Equal Services for Welfare and Nonwelfare Families

                        The Social Security Act was amended to show that Congress intended the Child Support Enforcement Program to aid both nonwelfare and welfare families. Several specific requirements were directed at improving State services to nonwelfare families. All of the mandatory practices must be made available for both classes of cases; the interception of Federal income tax refunds is extended to nonwelfare cases; incentive payments for nonwelfare cases became available for the first time; when families are terminated from the welfare rolls, they automatically must receive nonwelfare support enforcement services without being charged an application fee; and States must publicize the availability of nonwelfare support enforcement services.

            •           Other Provisions

                        States were required to (1) collect support in certain foster care cases; (2) collect spousal support in addition to child support where both are due in a case; (3) notify AFDC recipients, at least yearly, of the collections made in their individual cases;(4) establish State commissions to examine, investigate, and study the operation of the State's child support system and report findings to the State's governor; (5) formulate guidelines for determining appropriate child support obligation amounts and distribute the guidelines to judges and other individuals who possess authority to establish obligation amounts; (6) offset the costs of the program by charging various fees to nonwelfare families and to delinquent absent parents; (7) allow families whose AFDC eligibility is terminated as a result of the payment of child support to remain eligible to receive Medicaid for 4 months; and (8) seek to establish medical support orders in addition to monetary awards. The Federal Parent Locator Service was made more accessible and effective in locating absent parents. Sunset provisions are included in the extension of Medicaid eligibility and Federal tax offsets for non‑AFDC families.

P.L. 98-369, the Tax Reform Act of 1984, included two tax provisions pertaining to alimony and child support.

                       

            •           Under prior law, alimony was deductible by the payor and includible in the income of the payee. The 1984 law revised the rules relating to the definition of alimony. Generally, only cash payments that will terminate on the death of the payee spouse qualify as alimony. Alimony payments, if in excess of $10,000 per year, generally must be payable for at least 6 years and must not decline by more than $10,000. The prior law requirement that the payment be based on a legal support obligation was repealed and payors are required to furnish to the IRS the social security number of the payee spouse. A $50 penalty for failure to do so will be imposed. The provision is effective for divorce or separation agreements or orders executed after 1984.

            •           The 1984 law also provided that the $1,000 dependency exemp­tion for a child of divorced or separated parents generally will be allocated to the custodial parent unless the custodial parent signs a written declaration that he or she will not claim the exemption for the year. Each parent may claim the medical expenses that he or she pays for the child, for purposes of computing the medical ex­pense deduction. The provision is effective for taxable years begin­ning after 1984.

1986

P.L. 99-509, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986, included one child support enforcement amend­ment prohibiting the retroactive modification of child support awards. Under this new requirement, State laws must provide for either parent to apply for modification of an existing order with no­tice provided to the other parent. No modification is permitted be­fore the date of this notification.

1987

P.L. 100-203, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987, required States to provide child support enforcement services to all families with an absent parent who receives Medicaid and have as­signed their support rights to the State, regardless of whether they are receiving AFDC.

1988

P.L. 100-485, the Family Support Act of 1988, emphasized the duties of parents to work and support their children and, in particular, em­phasized child support enforcement as the first line of defense against welfare dependence. The key child support enforcement provisions, in brief, include:

            •           Guidelines for Child Support Awards

                        Judges and other officials are required to use State guidelines for child support unless they are rebutted by a written finding that applying the guidelines would be unjust or inappropriate in a particular case. States must review guidelines for awards every four  years. Beginning five years after enactment, States generally must review and adjust individual case awards every three years for AFDC cases. The same applies to other IV‑D cases, except review and adjust­ment must be at the request of a parent.

            •           Establishment of Paternity

                       

                        States are required to meet Federal standards for the establish­ment of paternity. The standard relates to the percentage obtained by dividing the number of children in the State who are born out of wedlock, are receiving cash benefits or IV‑D child support serv­ices, and for whom paternity has been established by the number of children who are born out of wedlock and are receiving cash ben­efits or IV‑D child support services. To meet Federal requirements, this percentage in a State must: (1) be at least 50 percent; (2) be at least equal to the average for all States; or (3) have increased by 3 percentage points from fiscal years 1988 to 1991 and by 3 per­centage points each year thereafter.

                       

                        States are mandated to require all parties in a contested patern­ity case to take a genetic test upon request of any party.  The Federal matching rate for laboratory testing to establish paternity is set at 90 percent.

            •           Disregard of Child Support

                        The child support enforcement disregard authorized under the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 is clarified so that it applies to a pay­ment made by the noncustodial parent in the month it was due even though it was received in a subsequent month.

            •           Requirement for Prompt State Response

                        The Secretary of DHHS required to set time limits within which States must accept and respond to re­quests for assistance in establishing and enforcing support orders as well as time limits within which child support payments collected by the State IV‑D agency must be distributed to the families to whom they are owed.

            •           Requirement for Automated Tracking and Monitoring System

                        Every State that does not have a Statewide automated tracking and monitoring system in effect must submit an advance planning document that meets Federal requirements by October 1, 1991.  The Secretary must approve each document within nine months after submission. By October 1, 1995, every State must have an approved system in effect. Federal 90 percent matching rates for this activity expire September 30, 1995.

            •           Interstate Enforcement

                        A Commission on Interstate Child Support was created to hold national conferences on interstate child support en­forcement reform and to report to Congress no later than October 1, 1990 on recommendations for improvements in the system and revisions in the Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act.

            •           Computing Incentive Payments

                        Amounts spent by States for interstate demonstration projects are excluded from calculating the amount of the States' incentive payments.

            •           Use of INTERNET System

                        The Secretaries of Labor and DHHS required to enter into an agreement to give the Federal Parent Locator Service prompt access to wage and unemployment compensation claims information useful in locating absent parents.

            •           Wage Withholding

                        With respect to IV‑D cases, each State must provide for imme­diate wage withholding in the case of orders that are issued or modified on or after the first day of the 25th month beginning after the date of enactment unless: (1) one of the parties demonstrates, and the court finds, that there is good cause not to require such withholding; or (2) there is a written agreement between both par­ties providing for an alternative arrangement. Prior law require­ments for mandatory wage withholding in cases where payments are in arrears apply to orders that are not subject to immediate wage withholding.  States are required to provide for immediate wage withholding for all support orders initially issued on or after January 1, 1994, regardless of whether a parent has applied for IV‑D services.

            •           Work and Training Demonstration Programs for Noncustodial Parents

                        The Secretary of DHHS is required to grant waivers to up to five States to allow them to provide services to noncustodial parents under the JOBS program. No new power is granted to the States to require participation by noncustodial parents.

            •           Data Collection and Reporting

                        The Secretary of DHHS is required to collect and maintain State­-by‑State statistics on paternity establishment, location of absent parent for the purpose of establishing a support obligation, enforce­ment of a child support obligation, and location of absent parent for the purpose of enforcing or modifying an established obligation.

            •           Use of Social Security Number

                        Each State must, in the administration of any law involving the issuance of a birth certificate, require each parent to furnish his or her social security number (SSN), unless the State finds good cause for not requiring the parent to furnish it. The SSN shall not appear on the birth certificate, and the use of the SSN obtained through the birth record is restricted to child support enforcement purposes, except under certain circumstances. 

            •           Notification of Support Collected

                        Each State required to inform families receiving AFDC of the amount of support collected on their behalf on a monthly basis, rather than annually as provided under prior law. States may provide quarterly notification if the Secretary of DHHS determines that monthly reporting imposes an unreasonable administrative burden. This provision is effective 4 years after the date of enact­ment.

1989

P.L. 101-239, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989, made permanent the requirement that Medicaid benefits continue for 4 months after a family loses AFDC eligibility as a result of col­lection of child support payments.

1990

P.L. 101-508, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, permanently extended the Federal provision that allows States to ask the IRS to collect child support arrearages of at least $500 out of income tax refunds otherwise due to noncustodial parents. The minor child restriction is to be eliminated for adults with a current support order who are disabled, as defined under OASDI or SSI. The IRS offset can be used for spousal support when spous­al and child support are included in the same support order. 

                                                                             

P.L. 101‑508 also extended the life of the Interstate Child Support Commission from July 1, 1991 to July 1, 1992, required the Commission to submit its report no later than May 1, 1992, and authorized the Com­mission to hire its own staff.

1992

P.L. 102‑521, the Child Support Recovery Act of 1992, im­posed a Federal criminal penalty for the willful failure to pay a past‑due child support obligation with respect to a child who resides in another State that has remained unpaid for longer than a year or is greater than $5,000. For the first conviction the pen­alty is a fine of up to $5,000 and/or imprisonment for not more than six months; for a second conviction, a fine of not more than $250,000 an/or imprisonment for up to two years.

P.L. 102‑537, the Ted Weiss Child Support Enforcement Act of 1992, amended the Fair Credit Reporting Act to require consumer credit reporting agencies to include in any consumer re­port information on child support delinquencies provided by or verified by State or local CSE agencies, which antedates the report by 7 years.

 

1993

P.L. 103‑66, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, increased the percentage of children for whom the State must establish paternity and required States to adopt laws requiring civil procedures to voluntarily acknowledge paternity (including hos­pital‑based programs).

P.L. 103‑66 also required States to adopt laws to ensure the compliance of health insurers and employers in carrying out court or administra­tive orders for medical child support and included a provision that forbids health insurers to deny coverage to children who are not living with the covered individual or who were born outside of mar­riage.

1994

P.L. 103-383, the Full Faith and Credit for Child Support Orders Act, requires each state to enforce, according to its terms, a child support order by a court (or administrative authority) of another state, with conditions and specifications for resolving issues of jurisdiction.

P.L. 103-394, the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1994, protects child support from being discharged in bankruptcy.  Among many other provisions, the new law includes child support as an exception to automatic stays, for judicial liens, and to discharge of debts in bankruptcy. It also provides protection against trustee avoidance, facilitates access to bankruptcy proceedings, and assigns child support a priority for collecting claims from debtors.

P.L. 103-403, the Small Business Administration Reauthorization and Amendments Act, requires that recipients of financial assistance not be more than 60 days delinquent in paying child support.

P.L. 103-432, the Social Security Amendments of 1994, requires state IV-D agencies to periodically report parents who are at least two months delinquent in paying child support to credit bureaus, modifies the benchmarks under Paternity Establishment Percentage formula used to determine the states' substantial compliance, and requires DHHS to provide free access for the Justice Department to the Federal Parent Locator Service in cases involving the unlawful taking or restraint of a child and/or the making or enforcing of a child custody determination.

1996

P.L.  104-193, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996

On August 22, President Clinton signed into law “The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996,” a comprehensive bipartisan welfare reform plan that will dramatically change the nation’s welfare system into one that requires work in exchange for time-limited assistance. The bill contains strong work requirements, a performance bonus to reward states for moving welfare recipints into jobs, state maintenance of effort requirements, comprehensive child support enforcement, and supports for families moving from welfare to work.

The new law includes the child support enforcement measures President Clinton proposed in 1994--the most sweeping crackdown on non-paying parents in history. Under the new law, each state must operate a child support enforcement program meeting federal requirements in order to be eligible for Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) block grants. Provisions include:

o National new hire reporting sytem. The law establishes a Federal Case Registry and National Directory of New Hires to track delinquent parents across state lines. It also requires that employers report all new hires to state agencies for transmittal of new hire information to the National Directory of New Hires.

o Streamlines paternity establishment. The new law streamlines the legal process for paternity establishment, making it easier and faster to establish paternities. It also expands the voluntary in-hospital paternity establishment program and requires a state form for voluntary paternity acknowledgement.

o Uniform interstate child support laws. The new law provides for uniform rules, procedures, and forms for interstate cases.

o Computerized state-wide collections. The new law requires states to establish central registries of child support orders and centralized collection and disbursement uits. It also requires expedited state procedures for child support enforcement.

o Tough new penalties. Under the new law, states can implement tough child support enforcement techniques. The new law  expands wage garnishment,  allows all states to seize assets, allows states to require community service in some cases, and enables states to revoke drivers and professional licenses for parents who owe delinquent child support.

o Families First. Under a new “Family First” policy, families no longer receiving assistance will have priority in the distribution of child support arrears.

o Access and visitation programs. In an effort to increase noncustodial parents’ involvement in their children’s lives, the new law includes grants to help states establish programs that support and facilitate noncustodial parents’ visitation with and access to their children.

1997

P.L 105-33, the Balanced Budget Act of made a number of amendments to the Social Security Act, including creating the Children’s Health Insurance Program in title XXI to help provide medical coverage to children of working poor families who are not eligible for private health insurance, and who are earning too much to receive Medicaid. The Balanced Budget Act also amended section 454 of the Social Security Act regarding cooperation/good cause, and the FPLS language in section 453 to clarify the authority permitting certain re-disclosures of wage and claim information.