Student or
school characteristic |
Any
remedial
reading |
Two or
fewer courses
of remedial
mathematics
only |
Two or more
other remedial
courses, but no
remedial
reading |
One remedial
course, not
mathematics
or reading |
No
remedial
courses |
|
| Total |
0.68 |
0.60 |
0.69 |
0.36 |
1.04 |
| Race/ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
| Asian |
2.58 |
2.31 |
3.03 |
1.01 |
6.50 |
| Black |
3.24 |
2.42 |
2.87 |
1.54 |
3.41 |
| White |
0.63 |
0.65 |
0.68 |
0.41 |
1.06 |
| Hispanic |
2.53 |
1.78 |
2.78 |
1.09 |
2.92 |
| Type of institution first attended |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2-year public |
1.38 |
1.22 |
1.36 |
0.63 |
1.66 |
| 4-year public or private |
0.55 |
0.62 |
0.55 |
0.47 |
1.04 |
| Other subbaccalaureate |
1.34 |
2.85 |
3.71 |
1.95 |
3.85 |
| Delayed entry |
|
|
|
|
|
| Did not delay entry |
0.76 |
0.62 |
0.67 |
0.39 |
1.13 |
| Delayed entry |
1.29 |
1.78 |
2.19 |
1.01 |
2.53 |
| Urbanicity of high school |
|
|
|
|
|
| Urban |
1.50 |
1.26 |
1.47 |
0.70 |
2.06 |
| Suburban |
1.07 |
0.82 |
0.91 |
0.55 |
1.53 |
| Rural |
0.91 |
1.23 |
1.14 |
0.60 |
1.58 |
| Socioeconomic status quintile |
|
|
|
|
|
| 81st–100th percentile |
1.21 |
0.73 |
0.75 |
0.73 |
1.47 |
| 61st–80th percentile |
1.45 |
1.10 |
1.35 |
0.81 |
1.99 |
| 41st–60th percentile |
1.09 |
1.84 |
1.42 |
0.73 |
2.07 |
| 21st–40th percentile |
1.12 |
1.10 |
1.91 |
1.31 |
2.16 |
| 1st–20th percentile |
2.73 |
2.04 |
2.70 |
0.79 |
3.20 |
| Senior test score quintile |
|
|
|
|
|
| Highest |
0.13 |
0.79 |
0.35 |
0.47 |
0.95 |
| 2nd |
0.58 |
0.88 |
1.50 |
0.90 |
1.73 |
| 3rd |
1.35 |
1.82 |
1.51 |
0.79 |
2.15 |
| 4th |
1.87 |
2.11 |
2.10 |
0.91 |
2.67 |
| Lowest |
3.83 |
1.32 |
3.20 |
1.25 |
2.58 |
|
SOURCE: Adelman, C. (2004). Principal Indicators of Student Academic Histories in Postsecondary Education, 1972–2000, tables 7.1 and 7.2. Available at: http://preview.ed.gov/rschstat/research/pubs/prinindicat/index.html. Data from U.S. Department of Education, NCES, National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88/2000), “Fourth Follow-up, 2000.”
|
