There are 39 Explosives related publications listed on this page. Click the icon next to the publication title to show or hide details for that publication. Or, click the icons below to show or hide details for all publications.
 | An Analysis and Prevention of Flyrock Accidents in Surface Blasting Operations Discusses several flyrock injury incidents at surface mines and construction sites and describes some injury mitigation techniques. (PDF, 133 KB, 2004)
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| Behavior of Nitrogen Oxides in the Product Gases from Explosive Detonations In this study, 10-lb charges of blasting agent confined in either thin-wall 4-in-diam galvanized pipe or 4-in schedule 80 stainless steel pipe were detonated in a closed chamber. detonation gases were analyzed for nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide (NO), ammonia, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, and methane. Data were evaluated to determine the kinetics of the oxidation of NO to nitrogen dioxide. The information on NO oxidation kinetics provided will prove useful in efforts to model the behavior of NO and nitrogen dioxide in clouds of detonation products near blasting operations. (PDF, 158 KB, 2006-01)
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| Blasting Injuries in Surface Mining with Emphasis on Flyrock and Blast Area Security This paper describes several fatal injury case studies, analyzes causative factors, and emphasizes preventive measures. (PDF, 380 KB, 2004-01)
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| Blasting Safety - Revisiting Site Security This paper examines the factors related to injuries due to inadequate blasting shelters and blast area security, and identifies mitigation techniques. (PDF, 120 KB, 2005)
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| Blasting-Related Carbon Monoxide Migration Incident in Bristow, Virginia A detailed description of blasting-related carbon monoxide migration from a construction site into nearby residential homes. (PDF, 1780 KB, 2004)
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| The Calculated Risk of Experiencing a Lightning Caused Unplanned Detonation This paper presents data and theorem to calculate the risk of experiencing undesirable lightning related events while blasting or while engaged in other lightning sensitive activities. The paper provides an overview of lightning hazards in blasting operations and a brief history of lightning related blasting accidents. (PDF, 1001 KB, 1998)
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| CO Migration from Trench Blasting in Amherst, New York A general overview of the blasting and CO monitoring of a highway construction project is presented and discussed. The use and effectiveness of residential type CO monitors and multi-gas monitors are discussed. (PDF, 1480 KB, 2004)
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| Dangers of Toxic Fumes from Blasting This paper reviews the potential hazards posed by the toxic fumes produced by detonating explosives in surface mining and construction operations. Techniques to protect workers and the public from the potential hazards of explosive-related toxic fumes are discussed. (PDF, 83 KB, 2007)
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| Detonation Wave Propagation in Underground Mine Entries This paper reports on a series of explosive detonation experiments conducted in NIOSH's Bruceton and Lake Lynn Experimental Mines to evaluate low-level (<6 psig) detonation wave propagation behavior in single- and multiple-entry configurations. (PDF, 116 KB, 2005)
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| Evaluation of a Sheathed Permissible Explosive Charge for Open Shooting in Flammable Atmospheres The Bureau of Mines has developed a prototype nonincendive explosive rock-breaker charge that can be fired unconfined in underground bituminous coal mines without the danger of igniting a flammable atmosphere that might be present. (PDF, 1087 KB, 1982-04)
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| Factors Affecting ANFO Fumes Production Study of toxic fumes produced by the detonation of various ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (ANFO) mixtures and several cap-sensitive explosives. (PDF, 307 KB, 2000-02)
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| Factors Affecting Fumes Production of an Emulsion and ANFO/Emulsion Blends Study of toxic fumes produced by the detonation of ANFO/emulsion blends. An extension of previous ANFO fumes production research that includes an emulsion blasting agent. (PDF, 2452 KB, 2001)
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| Fatal Accidents Due to Flyrock and Lack of Blast Area Security and Working Practices in Mining This paper briefly describes six representative fatalities due to flyrock and lack of blast area security in coal and nonmetal mines. Several mines were visited to collect information relative to working practices aimed at mitigating blasting hazards. Salient information obtained through these visits is presented (PDF, 344 KB, 2003)
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| Field Studies of Carbon Monoxide Migration from Blasting Describes a small-scale field study to identify key factors that may contribute to the migration of CO through the ground. (PDF, 651 KB, 2005)
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| Flyrock Issues in Blasting A compilation of the primary causes of flyrock in surface mining blasting operations and reasons a safe blast area was not secured. (PDF, 30 KB, 2001-02)
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| Frictional Ignition of Natural Gas-Air Mixtures by Alternative Coal-Cutter Bit Shank Materials The Bureau of Mines tangentially impacted potential coal-cutter bit shank materials against sandstone to investigate the potential of the materials to ignite natural gas by a friction-generated hot streak. (PDF, 4056 KB, 1992)
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| Fugitive Carbon-Based Gases: Blasting Related or Not This paper discusses elements of a stray gas investigation and the analyses necessary to identify the source of a stray gas. (PDF, 347 KB, 2004)
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| Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Report, HETA-98-0020, Carbon Monoxide Intoxication and Death in a Newly Constructed Sewer Manhole This is a Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Report on a poisoning incident where CO migrated from nearby blasting activities into a new sewer system being constructed. (PDF, 132 KB, 1997-10)
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| Ignition Hazard From Internally-generated H2 in Sealed Mining Equipment A number of ignition incidents involving mining and farm equipment have illustrated the surprising danger of drilling, cutting, or otherwise penetrating sealed compartments or frames that are filled with metal scrap for ballast. (PDF, 110 KB, 2001-07)
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| Ignition of Methane-Air Mixtures by Laser Heated Small Particles Optical technologies have progressed rapidly in the past 15 years. NIOSH is conducting a study to help provide a scientific basis for developing appropriate safety guidelines for optical equipment in underground coal mines. (PDF, 790 KB, 2000)
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| Impact, Thermal, and Shock Sensitivity of Molten TNT and of Asphalt-Contaminated Molten TNT Research evaluating the autoclave meltout process to recover TNT from MK-9 depth bombs. (PDF, 236 KB, 1996)
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| Low Temperature Limits for Mixing Recycled Oil, Diesel Fuel, and Ammonium Nitrate to Make ANFO-Type Blasting Agents Research was conducted to determine the safe operating conditions for using recycled (used) lubricating oil from mining equipment as a partial replacement for diesel fuel to make ANFO-type blasting agents. (PDF, 964 KB, 1996)
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| Monitoring and Removal of CO in Blasting Operations This paper discusses the most feasible means of preventing CO migration, mitigating CO that has migrated, and detecting CO in an underground enclosed space and may help reduce the exposure of unsuspecting area residents to carbon monoxide and help prevent the implementation of unnecessary regulations and limitations on blasting. (PDF, 715 KB, 2008-12)
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| NIOSH Hazard ID 3 - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Death After the Use of Explosives in a Sewer Construction Project In a recent incident, three cases of CO poisoning in a confined space, including one fatality, were caused by CO migrating through soil after nearby use of explosives during a municipal sewer project. This incident illustrates that CO from subsurface detonations of explosives can migrate underground and accumulate in confined spaces. This report is apparently the first occupational fatality from this type of CO exposure, though nonfatal CO poisonings have been reported in residential basements following nearby use of subsurface explosives. (HTML, KB, 1998)
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| Overlap Probability for Short-Period-Delay Detonators Used in Underground Coal Mining Investigation of coal-mine-type short-delay electric detonators to determine the delay accuracy and the probability of overlap between adjacent delay periods. (PDF, 2594 KB, 1985)
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| Protecting Workers From Toxic Fumes Generated by Explosives An article outlining the hazards of carbon monoxide (CO) generated from blasting operations. (PDF, 110 KB, 1999-12)
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| Removing Booster Influences From Toxic Fumes Investigation of the viability of removing the booster influences when ranking the toxic fumes of non cap-sensitive mining explosives. (PDF, 7800 KB, 1999)
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| A Review of Recent Accidents Involving Explosives Transport This article is a review of recent accidents involvng explosives transport both in the United States and outside of the United States. (PDF, 644 KB, 2008)
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| Scaled Cloud Model for Released Toxic Fumes Recognizing the dynamic nature and possible range of toxic concentrations in the impending fume cloud prior to undertaking explosive blasting can reduce potential hazards and mitigate related incidents. The scaled cloud model was formulated to predict the relevant (major) toxic components in fume clouds released by nonideal mining explosives used for surface blasting. (PDF, 2777 KB, 2001)
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| Securing the Blast Site to Prevent Blasting Related Injuries: Blasting Safety - Revisiting Site Security This article examines the factors related to injuries due to inadequate blasting shelters and blast area security, and identifies mitigation techniques. (PDF, 567 KB, 2005)
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| Short-Delay Blasting in Underground Coal Mines Research to determine whether the total elapsed delay time for blasting bituminous coal in underground coal mines could be safely expanded beyond the 500-ms limitation without igniting a methane or methane-coal dust atmosphere. Also reports on safety evaluation of 18" hole spacing for delay blasting in coal relative to misfires. (PDF, 2091 KB, 1986)
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| A Summary of Fatal Accidents Due to Flyrock and Lack of Blast Area Security in Surface Mining, 1989 to 1999 This paper summarizes flyrock and blast area security fatalities from 1989 to 1999 and examines the causative factors. Accident data indicates that flyrock and lack of blast area security were the primary causes of blasting related injuries in surface mining. Fatal injuries due to lack of blast area security were attributed to: failure to clear blast area; failure to follow instructions; inadequate guarding; inadequate blasting shelter; and unsafe location. (PDF, 264 KB, 2002)
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| A Technique for Measuring Toxic Gases Produced by Blasting Agents Traditional techniques for the experimental determination of toxic fumes produced by the detonation of high explosives are not applicable to blasting agents. A facility for detonating large, confined charges in a controlled volume has been constructed at the Pittsburgh
Research Center's Experimental Mine. (PDF, 226 KB, 1997-01)
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| Technology News 488 - Migration of Blasting Fumes into a Western Pennsylvania Home NIOSH tech news report on an incident where CO generated from blasting at a strip mine migrated through the ground into a nearby home, poisoning the occupants. (PDF, 539 KB, 2001-05)
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| Technology News 522 - Blast Area Security: Flyrock Safety NIOSH has released communication products about flyrock safety in the form of informational brochures, flashcards, and toolbox talk materials. These communication tools target the mining and construction industries, and can be used as refresher training for employees and as introductory safety materials for onsite visitors. (PDF, 149 KB, 2006-12)
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| Thermal Stability of ANFO Made with Recycled Oil The NIOSH Pittsburgh Research Laboratory conducted research to determine the safe operating conditions for using recycled (used) lubricating oil from mining equipment as a partial replacement for diesel fuel to make ANFO-type blasting agents. (PDF, 533 KB, 1999-02)
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| Toxic Fume Comparison of a Few Explosives Used in Trench Blasting Report on NIOSH studies using a 12-foot diameter sphere to identify key factors that may enhance the levels of CO associated with the detonation of several commercial trenching explosives. (PDF, 701 KB, 2003)
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| Work Principle for Predicting Explosive Toxic Fumes Research on applying the work principle to the non-ideal conditions of mining explosives to determine toxic fume production. (PDF, 1167 KB, 1998)
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| Work-Principle Model for Predicting Toxic Fumes of Nonideal Explosives The work-principle from thermodynamics was used to formulate a model for predicting toxic fumes from mining explosives in underground chamber tests, where rapid turbulent combustion within the surrounding air noticeably changes the resulting concentrations. Two model constants were required to help characterize the reaction zone undergoing rapid chemical transformations in conjunction with heat transfer and work output: a stoichiometry mixing fraction and a reaction-quenching temperature. The work-principle model yields toxic concentrations for a range of charge formulations, making it a useful tool for investigating the potential hazard of released fumes and reducing the risk of unwanted incidents. (PDF, 919 KB, 2004-08-01)
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