Primary Navigation for the CDC Website
CDC en Espa駉l

 Overweight and Obesity
Email Icon Email this page
Printer Friendly Icon Printer-friendly version

References

1. NHANES data on the Prevalence of Overweight Among Children and Adolescents: United States, 2003–2006. CDC National Center for Health Statistics, Health E-Stat. (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/overweight/overwght_child_03.htm)

2. Freedman DS, Mei Z, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS, Dietz WH. Cardiovascular risk factors and excess adiposity among overweight children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Pediatr. 2007 Jan;150(1):12–17.e2.

3. Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS, Seidel KD, Dietz WH. Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. N Engl J Med 1997; 37(13):869–873.

4. Serdula MK, Ivery D, Coates RJ, Freedman DS. Williamson DF. Byers T. Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature. Prev Med 1993;22:167–177.

5. Freedman DS, Khan LK, Dietz WH, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Relationship of childhood overweight to coronary heart disease risk factors in adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics 2001;108:712–718.

6. Mei Z, Grummer-Strawn LM, Pietrobelli A, Goulding A, Goran MI, Dietz WH. Validity of body mass index compared with other body-composition screening indexes for the assessment of body fatness in children and adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;978–985.

7. Barlow SE and the Expert Committee. Expert committee recommendations regarding the prevention, assessment, and treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity: summary report. Pediatrics 2007;120 Supplement December 2007: S164朣192.

8. Ogden CL, Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999–2000. JAMA 2002;288(14):1728–1732.

9. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010. 2nd edition. 2 volumes. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000.

10. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity. Rockville, MD: Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General, 2001.

11. World Health Organization. WHO Technical Report Series 894: Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. A Report of a WHO Consultation. Geneva, 2000.

12. Farooqi IS, O’Rahilly S. Recent advances in the genetics of severe obesity. Arch Dis Child 2000;83:31–34.

13. LeStunff C, Fallin D, Bougneres P. Paternal transmission of the very common class I INS VNTR alleles predisposes to childhood obesity. Nat Genet 2001;29:96–99.

14. Bouchard C, Perusse L, Rice T, Rao DC. The genetics of human obesity. In Bray GA, Bouchard C, James WPT, eds. Handbook of obesity. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1998: 157–190.

15. Institute of Medicine. Preventing Childhood Obesity-Health in the Balance. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC; 2005.

16. Ludwig DS, Peterson KE, Gortmaker SL. Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: a prospective, observational analysis. Lancet 2001;357:505–508.

17. Welsh JA, Cogswell ME, Rogers S, Rockett H, Mei Z, Grummer-Strawn LM. Overweight among low-income preschool children associated with the consumption of sweet drinks: Missouri 1999–2002. Pediatrics 2005;155:e223–e229.

18. Malik VS, Schulze MB, Hu FB. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84:274–288.

19. Sherry B. Food behaviors and other strategies to prevent and treat pediatric overweight. Intl J Obesity 2005;29:S116–S126.

20. Birch LL, McPhee L, Sullivan S. Children’s food intake following drinks sweetened with sucrose or aspartame: time course effects. Physiol Behav 1989;45:387–395.

21. Louis-Sylvestre J, Tournier A, Verger P, Chabert M, Delorme B, Hossenlop J. Learned caloric adjustment of human intake. Appetite 1989;12:95–103.

22. DiMeglio DP, Mattes RD. Liquid versus solid carbohydrate; effects on food intake and body weight. Intl J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000;24:794–800.

23. Crombie C, Anderson GH, Leiter LA, et al. Effects of sucrose pre-load on subjective measures of appetite and food intake in children. In Black RM, Anderson GH. Sweeteners, food intake and selection. In Fernstrom JD, Miller GD, eds. Cited in Appetite and Body Weight Regulation: Sugar, Fat and Macronutrient Substitutes. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press 1994;125–136.

24. Strong WB, Malina RM, Blimkie CJ, et al. Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. J. Pediatr 2005;146:732–737.

25. Malina RM. Tracking of physical activity and physical fitness across the lifespan. Res Q Exerc Sport 1996;67:S48–S57.

26. Lowry R, Brener N, Lee S, Epping J, Fulton J, Eaton D. Participation in high school physical education — United States, 1991–2003. MMWR 2004; 53(36): 844–847, 2004.

27. Eaton DK, Kann L, Kinchen S, Ross J, Hawkins J, Harris WA, et al., Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance — United States, 2005. MMWR Surveillance Summary 2006; SS-5 (55).

28. Roberts D, Foehr U, Rideout V. Generation M: media in the lives of 8 to 18 year-olds. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation; Menlo Park, 2005.

29. Dietz WH, Gortmaker SL. Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 1985;75:807–812.

30. Gortmaker SL, Must A, Sobol AM, Peterson K, Colditz GA, Dietz WH. “Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986–1990.” Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996;150(4):356–62. (http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/150/4/356)*

31. Crespo CJ, Smit E, Troiano RP, Bartlett SJ, Macera CA, Andersen RE. Television watching, energy intake, and obesity in US children: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001;155 (3):360–365.

32. Lowry R, Wechsler H, Galuska DA, Fulton JE, Kann L. Television viewing and its associations with overweight, sedentary lifestyle, and insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables among U.S. high school students: differences by race, ethnicity, and gender. J Sch Health 2002;72:413–421.

33. Robinson TN, Hammer LD, Killen JD, et al. Does television viewing increase obesity and reduce physical activity? Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses among adolescent girls. Pediatrics 1993;91:273–280.

34. Coon KA, Tucker KL. Television and children's consumption patterns. A review of the literature. Minerva Pediatr 2002;54:423–436.

35. Francis LA, Birch LL. Does eating during television viewing affect preschool children's intake? J Am Diet Assoc 2006;106:598–600.

36. Treuth MS, Butte NF, Wong WW. Effects of familial predisposition to obesity on energy expenditure in multiethnic prepubertal girls. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:893–900.

37. National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine. Working Families and Growing Kids: Caring for Children and Adolescents, 2003. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

38. Morland K, Wing S, Diez Roux A, Poole C. Neighborhood characteristics associated with the location of food stores and food service places. Am J Prev Med 2002;1:23–29.

39. Dietz W. Health consequences of obesity in youth: Childhood predictors of adult disease. Pediatrics 1998;101:518–525.

40. Swartz MB and Puhl R. Childhood obesity: a societal problem to solve. Obesity Reviews 2003; 4(1):57–71.

41. Rodriguez MA, Winkleby MA, Ahn D, Sundquist J, Kraemer HC. Identification of populations subgroups of children and adolescents with high asthma prevalence: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002;156:269–275.

42. Luder E, Melnik TA, Dimaio M. Association of being overweight with greater asthma symptoms in inner city black and Hispanic children. J Pediatr 1998;132:699–703.

43. Mallory GB, Fiser DH, Jackson R. Sleep-associated breathing disorders in morbidly obese children and adolescents. J Pediatr 1989;115:892–897.

44. Fagot-Campagna A, Narayan KMV, Imperatore G. Type 2 diabetes in children: exemplifies the growing problem of chronic diseases [Editorial]. BMJ 2001;322:377–378.

45. Must A, Anderson SE. Effects of obesity on morbidity in children and adolescents. Nutr Clin Care 2003;6:1;4–11.

46. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Flegal KM. High Body Mass Index for Age Among US Children and Adolescents, 2003�06. JAMA 2008;299:2401�05.

47. Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS, Seidel KD, Dietz WH. Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. N Engl J Med 1997; 37(13):869�3.

48. Serdula MK, Ivery D, Coates RJ, Freedman DS. Williamson DF. Byers T. Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature. Prev Med 1993;22:167�7.

49. http://www.aap.org/family/tv1.htm,* accessed 12/18/06.

50. This physical activity recommendation is from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005: http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/document/html/chapter4.htm

back to top


PDF Document Icon Please note: Some of these publications are available for download only as *.pdf files. These files require Adobe Acrobat Reader in order to be viewed. Please review the information on downloading and using Acrobat Reader software.

* Links to non-Federal organizations found at this site are provided solely as a service to our users. These links do not constitute an endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the Federal Government, and none should be inferred. CDC is not responsible for the content of the individual organization Web pages found at these links.

Page last reviewed: November 25, 2008
Page last updated: November 25, 2008
Content Source: Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion