GAO-03-1001, Military Education: Student and Faculty Perceptions of Student Life at the Military Academies


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Report to the Subcommittee on Defense, Committee on Appropriations, 
House of Representatives:

September 2003:

Military Education:

Student and Faculty Perceptions of Student Life at the Military 
Academies:

[Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-03-1001] GAO-03-
1001:

GAO Highlights:

Highlights of GAO-03-1001, a report to the Subcommittee on Defense, 
Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives 

Why GAO Did This Study:

The Army, Navy, and Air Force each operate an academy to educate and 
train young men and women to become leaders and effective junior 
officers in the military services. The approximately 4,000 students 
who attend each academy undergo a challenging 4-year program of 
academic, physical, and military education that culminates in a 
bachelor’s degree and a commission as a military officer. In addition 
to completing academic course work, students must participate in 
rigorous military training and in mandatory athletic activities. In 
return for their free education, these students must serve on active 
duty for 5 years after graduation. In two reports, GAO reviewed all 
three service academies and their preparatory schools. In this report, 
GAO surveyed students and faculty to obtain their perceptions of 
various aspects of student life at the academies.

GAO conducted a Web-based survey of 12,264 students and 2,065 faculty 
members at the three service academies on questions related to such 
student life issues as academic and military programs; gender- and 
race-/ethnicity-based discrimination and harassment; and preferential 
treatment. GAO’s survey did not query students and faculty on specific 
incidents of alleged sexual assault at the academies. We are making no 
recommendations in this report. DOD reviewed a draft of this report 
and had no comments.

What GAO Found:

The majority of students who responded to GAO’s survey expressed 
overall satisfaction with their academy, although students gave wide-
ranging responses to a variety of quality-of-life questions. About 59 
percent of students at the Military and Naval Academies and 71 percent 
at the Air Force Academy reported that quality-of-life problems are 
openly confronted and/or solved to some, little, or no extent. Over 90 
percent of students rated their academic programs as good or 
excellent. About a quarter to a third of students rated their 
academy’s performance standards for developing military officers as 
too low. Most differences in student responses on academy emphasis on 
prevention of gender- and race-/ethnicity-based discrimination and 
harassment were generally between male and female students and 
minorities and nonminority students. Over 80 percent of students who 
were not recruited as athletes responded that recruited athletes 
receive preferential treatment during the admissions process.

The faculty members who responded to the survey generally agreed with 
the students’ perceptions of student life at the academies, but they 
were less likely than students to say that quality-of-life problems 
are seldom openly confronted and/or solved. About a quarter to a third 
of faculty agreed with student perceptions that performance standards 
for developing military officers were too low. Faculty perceptions 
varied on issues associated with gender- and race-/ethnicity-based 
discrimination and harassment and preferential treatment. More than 
90 percent of faculty who participated in the admissions process in 
the past 4 years at the Military and Naval Academies and 72 percent at 
the Air Force Academy responded that recruited athletes receive 
preferential treatment during the admissions process.


www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-03-1001.

To view the full product, including the scope
and methodology, click on the link above.
For more information, contact Derek Stewart at (202) 512-5559 or 
stewartd@gao.gov.

[End of section]

Contents:

Letter: 

Results in Brief: 

Background: 

Students Express Overall Satisfaction with Academies, but Perceptions 
Vary on Some Quality-of-Life Issues: 

Faculty Generally Agree with Student Perceptions on Some Quality-of-
Life Issues: 

Conclusion: 

Agency Comments: 

Appendixes:

Appendix I: Scope and Methodology: 

Appendix II: Aspects of Student Life at the Academies: 
Student Survey and Responses: 

Appendix III: Aspects of Student Life at the Academies: 
Faculty Survey and Responses: 

Appendix IV: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments: 

Related GAO Products:

94:

Tables: 

Table 1: Female and Racial/Ethnic Minorities at the Service Academies 
at Time of Survey (February-March 2003): 

Table 2: Civilian and Military Faculty at the Service Academies, as of 
February 2003: 

Table 3: Satisfaction or Dissatisfaction of Male and Female Students 
with Social Life at the Academies: 

Table 4: Student Perceptions of Campus Services at the Military 
Academy: 

Table 5: Student Perceptions of Campus Services at the Naval Academy: 

Table 6: Student Perceptions of Campus Services at the Air Force 
Academy:

Table 7: Perceptions of Male and Female Students of the Emphasis Placed 
on Prevention of Gender-based Discrimination: 

Table 8: Perceptions of Male and Female Students of the Emphasis Placed 
on Prevention of Sexual Harassment: 

Table 9: Perceptions of Male and Female Students of the Overall 
Atmosphere for Women at the Academies: 

Table 10: Perceptions of Minority and Nonminority Students of the 
Overall Atmosphere for Racial/Ethnic Minorities at the Academies: 

Table 11: Percentage of Student Group and Nongroup Members Perceiving 
Preferential Treatment of Student Groups: 

Table 12: Percentage of Student Group and Nongroup Members Perceiving 
Discriminatory Treatment of Student Groups: 

Table 13: Percentage of Faculty Perceiving Preferential Treatment of 
Student Groups in the Admissions Process: 

Table 14: Percentage of Faculty Perceiving Preferential Treatment of 
Student Groups While at the Academies: 

Table 15: Number of Student and Faculty Survey Responses and 
Corresponding Response Rates: 

Table 16: Characteristics of Survey Respondents Compared to Academy 
Student Populations: 

Figures: 

Figure 1: Student Rating of Overall Satisfaction with the Academies: 

Figure 2: Student Perceptions of the Extent to Which Quality-of-Life 
Issues Are Openly Confronted and/or Solved at the Academies: 

Figure 3: Student Ratings of the Overall Academic Program at 
the Academies: 

Figure 4: Student Perceptions of Their Academic Workload: 

Figure 5: Student Perceptions of the Military Development Programs at 
the Academies: 

Figure 6: Student Perceptions of Whether the Honor Code/Concept Is 
Practiced As Taught: 

Figure 7: Student Perceptions of How Fairly the Honor Code/Concept Is 
Applied at Their Academy: 

Figure 8: Student Perceptions of Social Life at the Academies: 

Figure 9: Student Perceptions of Adequacy or Inadequacy of Time to 
Handle Personal Affairs: 

Figure 10: Student Perceptions of the Emphasis Academies Place on 
Prevention of Gender-based Discrimination: 

Figure 11: Student Perceptions of the Emphasis Academies Place on 
Prevention of Sexual Harassment: 

Figure 12: Student Perceptions of the Overall Atmosphere for Women at 
the Academies: 

Figure 13: Student Perceptions of the Emphasis Academies Place on 
Prevention of Race-/Ethnicity-based Discrimination: 

Figure 14: Percentage of Minorities and Nonminorities Reporting 
Underemphasis of Academies' Prevention of Race-/Ethnicity-based 
Discrimination: 

Figure 15: Student Perceptions of the Emphasis Academies Place on 
Prevention of Race-/Ethnicity-based Harassment: 

Figure 16: Percentage of Minorities and Nonminorities Reporting 
Underemphasis of Academies' Prevention of Race-/Ethnicity-based 
Harassment: 

Figure 17: Perceptions of Students of the Overall Atmosphere for Racial/
Ethnic Minorities at the Academies: 

Figure 18: Student Responses on Career Intentions: 

Figure 19: Faculty Perceptions of the Overall Academic Program at the 
Academies: 

Figure 20: Faculty Perceptions of the Academic Workload at the 
Academies:

Figure 21: Faculty Perceptions of the Overall Military Development 
Program at the Academies: 

Figure 22: Faculty Perceptions of the Extent to Which the Honor Code/
Concept Is Practiced as Taught: 

Figure 23: Faculty Perceptions of the Extent to Which the Honor Code/
Concept Is Fairly Applied: 

Figure 24: Faculty Perceptions of the Emphasis Placed on the Prevention 
of Gender-based Discrimination: 

Figure 25: Faculty Perceptions of the Emphasis Placed on the Prevention 
of Sexual Harassment: 

Figure 26: Faculty Perceptions of the Overall Atmosphere for Women at 
the Academies: 

Figure 27: Faculty Perceptions of the Emphasis on the Prevention of 
Race-/Ethnicity-based Discrimination at the Academies: 

Figure 28: Faculty Perceptions of the Emphasis on the Prevention of 
Race-/Ethnicity-based Harassment: 

Figure 29: Faculty Perceptions of the Overall Atmosphere for Racial/
Ethnic Minorities at the Academies: 

Figure 30: Faculty Perceptions of the Emphasis on Varsity 
Intercollegiate Athletics at the Academies: 

Abbreviations: 

DOD: Department of Defense:

USAFA: U.S. Air Force Academy:

USMA: U.S. Military Academy:

USNA: U.S. Naval Academy:

Letter September 12, 2003:

The Honorable Jerry Lewis 
Chairman 
The Honorable John P. Murtha 
Ranking Minority Member 
Subcommittee on Defense 
Committee on Appropriations 
House of Representatives:

The Army, the Navy, and the Air Force each operate an academy to 
educate and train young men and women to be leaders and effective 
junior officers in the military services. Student life at the military 
service academies is demanding and, in many ways, differs from student 
life at other colleges and universities. The approximately 4,000 
students[Footnote 1] who attend each academy at any one time undergo a 
challenging 4-year program of academic, physical, and military 
education that culminates in a bachelor's degree and a commission as a 
military officer. In addition to completing the academic course work at 
the service academies, students must participate in rigorous military 
training activities and in mandatory athletic activities. In return for 
their free education, these students must serve on active duty for 
5 years after graduation.

The House of Representatives report on defense appropriations for 
fiscal year 2003[Footnote 2] directed that we perform reviews of all 
three service academies and their respective preparatory schools. In 
September 2003, we issued two reports on these topics. In our report on 
the three service academies, we recommended that the Secretary of 
Defense, in concert with the services, enhance performance goals and 
measures to improve oversight of the academies' operations and 
performance.[Footnote 3] In our report on the three service academy 
preparatory schools, we recommended that the Secretary of Defense, 
together with the services and service academies, clarify the 
schools' mission statements, establish quantified performance goals 
and measures, and enhance the existing oversight framework by using 
quantified performance goals and measures to objectively evaluate 
the performance of the schools.[Footnote 4] As part of our review of 
the service academies, the House report also directed us to survey 
students and faculty to obtain their perceptions of various aspects of 
student life at the academies. As agreed with your offices, this report 
presents the results of the student and faculty surveys.

We conducted Web-based surveys of all students and faculty at the 
three service academies--the U.S. Military Academy (Military Academy) 
at West Point, New York; the U.S. Naval Academy (Naval Academy) 
in Annapolis, Maryland, and the U.S. Air Force Academy (Air Force 
Academy), in Colorado Springs, Colorado. In total, we surveyed 
12,264 students and 2,065 faculty members[Footnote 5] between 
February 5 and March 7, 2003. We obtained responses from 9,238 students 
(an overall response rate of 75 percent) and 1,586 faculty members (an 
overall response rate of 77 percent) to questions related to such 
student life issues as academic and military programs, the honor code/
concept,[Footnote 6] social life and campus services, gender-and race-
/ethnicity-based discrimination[Footnote 7] and harassment,[Footnote 
8] and preferential treatment for various student groups. We also asked 
students about their career intentions. Our surveys did not query 
students and faculty on specific incidents of alleged sexual assault at 
the academies.

The individual academy response rates for the student survey were 
83 percent at the Military Academy; 82 percent at the Naval Academy; 
and 60 percent at the Air Force Academy. The individual academy 
response rates for the faculty survey were 90 percent at the Military 
Academy; 73 percent at the Naval Academy; and 69 percent at the Air 
Force Academy. We were unable to determine the reason for the lower 
overall response rates from students and faculty at the Air Force 
Academy. There were initial difficulties in resolving inaccuracies in 
the list of student and faculty E-mail addresses provided to us by the 
Air Force Academy, resulting in delays in notifying all students and 
faculty of the surveys' availability. Additionally, during the survey 
period, issues associated with alleged sexual assaults at the Air Force 
Academy became widely reported in the press, and several Air Force and 
Department of Defense (DOD) investigations commenced. Due to concerns 
about the overall lower Air Force Academy survey response rates, we 
extended the survey period by a week to March 7, 2003, at all 
academies. We received full cooperation from Air Force Academy 
officials, who sent additional notices to students and faculty 
encouraging them to respond to our surveys. Although overall response 
rates at the Air Force Academy were lower, our analysis shows that the 
survey responses for various groups at each academy (e.g., women and 
minorities) appear generally representative of their respective academy 
populations. Further details of our scope and methodology are 
in appendix I. Student and faculty surveys and responses are available 
in appendixes II and III, respectively. We performed our work between 
November 2002 and July 2003 in accordance with generally accepted 
government auditing standards.

Results in Brief:

The majority of the 9,238 students who responded to our survey at the 
three military academies expressed overall satisfaction with their 
academy, although the students gave wide-ranging responses to a variety 
of questions about quality-of-life issues. A majority of students at 
each academy reported that quality-of-life problems are openly 
confronted and/or solved at the academies to some, little, or no 
extent. For example, about 59 percent of students at the Military and 
Naval Academies and 71 percent at the Air Force Academy held this view. 
Overall satisfaction with academic training was high, with 90 percent 
of students rating their academic programs as good or excellent. 
However, students reported somewhat less satisfaction with various 
aspects of their military training. For example, one-quarter to one-
third of the students at each academy rated their school's performance 
standards for developing military officers from much too low to 
generally too low. Students had mixed views about the practice of the 
honor code/concept at their academies, with 15 percent at the Military 
Academy, 31 percent at the Naval Academy, and 28 percent at the Air 
Force Academy reporting that it is practiced as taught only to some, a 
little, or no extent. Students reported varying levels of satisfaction 
or dissatisfaction with their social life and with such campus services 
as the quality of mess hall food, laundry services, medical care, and 
computer equipment. Most differences in student responses on the 
emphasis the academies give to the prevention of gender-and race-/
ethnicity-based discrimination and harassment were generally between 
male and female students and between minority and nonminority students. 
For example, about half the students at each academy responded that 
their academy's emphasis on preventing sexual harassment was about 
right. However, 25 percent of female students at the Military Academy, 
21 percent at the Naval Academy, and 37 percent at the Air Force 
Academy reported that prevention of sexual harassment was generally or 
greatly underemphasized. Minority students were also more likely than 
nonminority students to report the prevention of race-/ethnicity-based 
discrimination and harassment as underemphasized. There were similar 
differences in perceptions of the degree to which various groups, such 
as females, minorities, and recruited athletes, received preferential 
treatment during the admissions process or at the academies in general. 
For example, 58 percent of male students at the Military Academy, 
63 percent at the Naval Academy, and 53 percent at the Air Force 
Academy responded that female students received preferential treatment 
during the admissions process, while about one quarter of female 
students at each academy reported the same perception. In addition, 
86 percent of students who were not recruited athletes at the Military 
Academy, 83 percent at the Naval Academy, and 87 percent at the Air 
Force Academy reported that recruited athletes received preferential 
treatment during the admissions process, while over 60 percent of 
recruited athletes reported the same perception.

The 1,586 faculty members who responded to our survey at the three 
military academies generally agreed with the students' perceptions of 
aspects of student life at the academies, but they were less likely 
than students to say that quality-of-life problems are seldom openly 
confronted and/or solved. A large majority of faculty rated the overall 
academic program at the academies as good or excellent. However, 
26 percent of faculty at the Military Academy, 22 percent at the Naval 
Academy, and 32 percent at the Air Force Academy rated their academy's 
performance standards for developing military officers as generally too 
low or much too low. Faculty perceptions varied on the practice of the 
honor code/concept. While 51 percent of faculty at the Military 
Academy, 41 percent at the Naval Academy, and 34 percent at the Air 
Force Academy reported that the honor code/concept was practiced as 
taught to a great or very great extent, 22 percent of faculty at the 
Military Academy, 32 percent at the Naval Academy, and 36 percent at 
the Air Force Academy indicated that it was practiced as taught to 
some, a little, or no extent. Faculty perceptions varied on issues 
associated with gender-and race-/ethnicity-based discrimination and 
harassment and preferential treatment of various groups of students 
during the admissions process or at the academies in general. Seventy-
five percent of faculty at the Military and Naval Academies and 
65 percent at the Air Force Academy reported that the level of emphasis 
given to the prevention of sexual harassment was about right. However, 
about half of faculty at each academy reported that the overall 
atmosphere for women at the academies was good or excellent. About 
80 percent of the faculty reported that the level of emphasis placed on 
the prevention of race-/ethnicity-based harassment is about right. 
Finally, more than 90 percent of faculty who had participated in the 
admissions process in the past 4 years at the Military and Naval 
Academies and 72 percent at the Air Force Academy responded that 
recruited athletes received preferential treatment during the 
admissions process.

We are making no recommendations in this report. DOD reviewed a draft 
of this report and had no comments.

Background:

The Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force each have their own 
educational institutions (academies) to produce a portion of each 
branch's officer corps:[Footnote 9]

* U.S. Military Academy, established in 1802,

* U.S. Naval Academy, established in 1845, and:

* U.S. Air Force Academy, established in 1954.

The academies are structured to provide a curriculum critical to the 
development of successful future officers in the areas of academic, 
military, and physical achievement. Additionally, the academies 
emphasize the moral and ethical development of students through their 
respective honor codes and concepts.

Approximately 4,000 students are enrolled at each of the three service 
academies at any one time, though in December 2002 Congress authorized 
an annual increase of up to 100 students until the total number reaches 
4,400 for each academy.[Footnote 10] Each academy's student population 
consists of about 15 percent women and 19 to 24 percent racial/ethnic 
minorities. Table 1 shows the numbers of females and racial/ethnic 
minorities at each academy during the time our survey was taken.

Table 1: Female and Racial/Ethnic Minorities at the Service Academies 
at Time of Survey (February-March 2003):

Service academy: U.S. Military Academy; Total number of students: 
3,957; Total number of women (percent of student body): 616 (16%); 
Total number of racial/ethnic minorities (percent of student body): 947 
(24%).

Service academy: U.S. Naval Academy; Total number of students: 4,229; 
Total number of women (percent of student body): 648 (15%); Total 
number of racial/ethnic minorities (percent of student body): 851 
(20%).

Service academy: U.S. Air Force Academy; Total number of students: 
4,073; Total number of women (percent of student body): 669 (16%); 
Total number of racial/ethnic minorities (percent of student body): 776 
(19%).

Service academy: Total; Total number of students: 12,259; Total number 
of women (percent of student body): 1,933 (16%); Total number of 
racial/ethnic minorities (percent of student body): 2,574 (21%).

Source: DOD.

Note: Demographic information is based on a snapshot of each academy. 
Therefore, there may be differences between our survey population and 
the demographic figures.

[End of table]

The academies employ both civilian and military faculty. Faculty at the 
Military Academy and the Air Force Academy are comprised predominantly 
of military officers (79 and 75 percent, respectively), while at the 
Naval Academy 59 percent of the faculty are civilians. Table 2 shows 
the distribution of civilian and military faculty members at each 
academy during the time our survey was taken. Additionally, the 
academies' staffs include others who have regular contact with 
students, such as military officers who serve as commanders to students 
at each academy (tactical officers at the Military Academy, company 
commanders at the Naval Academy, and air officers commanding at the 
Air Force Academy). About 398 of these other staff were also given the 
faculty survey.

Table 2: Civilian and Military Faculty at the Service Academies, as of 
February 2003:

Service academy: U.S. Military Academy; Total number of faculty: 622; 
Total number of civilian faculty (percent of faculty): 131 (21%); Total 
number of military faculty (percent of faculty): 491 (79%).

Service academy: U.S. Naval Academy; Total number of faculty: 555; 
Total number of civilian faculty (percent of faculty): 326 (59%); Total 
number of military faculty (percent of faculty): 229 (41%).

Service academy: U.S. Air Force Academy; Total number of faculty: 490; 
Total number of civilian faculty (percent of faculty): 123 (25%); Total 
number of military faculty (percent of faculty): 367 (75%).

Service academy: Total; Total number of faculty: 1,667; Total number of 
civilian faculty (percent of faculty): 580 (35%); Total number of 
military faculty (percent of faculty): 1,087 (65%).

Source: DOD.

Note: Demographic information is based on a snapshot of each academy. 
Therefore, there may be differences between our survey population and 
the demographic figures.

[End of table]

Between 1993 and 1995, we issued a series of reports[Footnote 11] on 
student treatment at the three service academies. At the core of our 
reviews were surveys of academy students and faculty on a range of 
student-related subjects, including sexual harassment and the treatment 
of women and minorities. In the reports, we concluded that more actions 
were needed to eliminate sexual harassment and that disparities in the 
treatment of women and minorities existed at the academies. We made 
recommendations to help DOD achieve its goal of a sexual harassment-
free environment and to improve the monitoring and evaluation of gender 
and racial disparities.

Students Express Overall Satisfaction with Academies, but Perceptions 
Vary on Some Quality-of-Life Issues:

Although a majority of the 9,238 students who responded to our survey 
at the three military service academies expressed overall satisfaction 
with their academy, the students gave wide-ranging responses to a 
variety of questions about quality-of-life issues. A majority responded 
that quality-of-life problems are openly confronted and/or solved at 
their academies to some, little, or no extent. Most students responded 
they were satisfied overall with their academic and military training, 
but they expressed mixed views on the practice of the honor code/
concept on their campuses. They reported varying levels of satisfaction 
with their social life and certain campus services. Their perceptions 
of discrimination and harassment prevention and preferential treatment 
issues often varied according to gender and race/ethnicity. Finally, 
many students indicated that they planned long military careers.

Overall Satisfaction with Academies Is High:

The majority of students at all three academies reported that, overall, 
they were satisfied with their academy, while about one-fifth of the 
students at each school responded that they were dissatisfied. As 
figure 1 shows, 62 percent at the Military Academy (USMA), 64 percent 
at the Naval Academy (USNA), and 59 percent at the Air Force Academy 
(USAFA) reported their overall satisfaction with their academy.

Figure 1: Student Rating of Overall Satisfaction with the Academies:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

At the same time, some 59 to 71 percent of students at each academy 
reported that quality-of-life problems are being openly confronted and/
or solved at the academies to some, little, or no extent.

Figure 2: Student Perceptions of the Extent to Which Quality-of-Life 
Issues Are Openly Confronted and/or Solved at the Academies:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Students' Rating of Academic and Military Training Is High:

As figure 3 shows, between 90 and 93 percent of the students at each 
academy rated the overall academic program as good or excellent. At the 
same time, a majority of them reported that they thought their academic 
workload was definitely or probably too heavy (see fig. 4). This 
response ranged from 63 percent at the Military Academy, 56 percent at 
the Naval Academy, to 69 percent at the Air Force Academy.

Figure 3: Student Ratings of the Overall Academic Program at 
the Academies:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Figure 4: Student Perceptions of Their Academic Workload:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

In terms of military training, the majority of students at each academy 
evaluated their overall military development program as good or 
excellent. As figure 5 shows, the percentages ranged from 53 percent at 
the Air Force Academy to 71 percent at the Military Academy. However, 
about one-quarter to one-third of the students rated their academy's 
performance standards for developing military officers as generally or 
much too low (see question 8, app. II). Moreover, about 40 percent of 
the students at the Air Force and Naval Academies and 27 percent at the 
Military Academy evaluated the 4-year class system for developing 
military officers as very or generally ineffective (see question 9, 
app. II).

Figure 5: Student Perceptions of the Military Development Programs at 
the Academies:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Students Have Mixed Views on the Practice of the Honor Code/Concept 
at Their Academy:

Students gave varied responses regarding the practice of the honor 
code/concept at their academy. Whereas 62 percent of students at the 
Military Academy believed the honor code/concept is practiced as taught 
to a great or very great extent, 37 percent of students at the Naval 
Academy and 43 percent at the Air Force Academy held the same view (see 
fig. 6).

Figure 6: Student Perceptions of Whether the Honor Code/Concept Is 
Practiced As Taught:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Students also expressed varied impressions of how fairly the honor 
code/concept is applied at the academies with respect to students 
who have been accused of similar violations. As figure 7 shows, about 
40 percent of students at the Military and Air Force Academies and 
30 percent at the Naval Academy reported that they thought the honor 
code/concept was fairly applied to students with similar violations to 
a great or very great extent.

Figure 7: Student Perceptions of How Fairly the Honor Code/Concept Is 
Applied at Their Academy:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Students Report Various Levels of Dissatisfaction with Social Life and 
Certain Campus Services:

A majority of students at each academy expressed dissatisfaction with 
the social life on their campus. As figure 8 indicates, the percentages 
ranged from a high of 73 percent at the Military Academy to a low of 
57 percent at the Naval Academy.

Figure 8: Student Perceptions of Social Life at the Academies:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Male students were more likely to be dissatisfied with their social 
life than female students. As table 3 shows, between 60 and 74 percent 
of males across the three academies expressed dissatisfaction with 
their social life while between 42 and 63 percent of females across the 
academies had a similar response.

Table 3: Satisfaction or Dissatisfaction of Male and Female Students 
with Social Life at the Academies:

Numbers in percent.

Generally or very satisfied; USMA: Males: 12; USMA: Females: 23; 
USNA: Males: 23; USNA: Females: 41; USAFA: Males: 18; 
USAFA: Females: 39.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; USMA: Males: 
14; USMA: Females: 14; USNA: Males: 17; USNA: Females: 
18; USAFA: Males: 14; USAFA: Females: 14.

Generally or very dissatisfied; USMA: Males: 74; 
USMA: Females: 63; USNA: Males: 60; USNA: Females: 
42; USAFA: Males: 68; USAFA: Females: 47.

Source: GAO.

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of table]

Students also expressed varying levels of satisfaction or 
dissatisfaction with certain campus services. As tables 4, 5, and 6 
indicate, the majority of students at the three academies were 
generally satisfied with medical care (except for the Air Force 
Academy), updating of school computer equipment, condition of athletic 
facilities (except for the Military Academy), and personal safety. At 
the same time, some 40 to 50 percent of students at each academy 
indicated that they were dissatisfied with the quality of mess hall 
food and laundry service on campus.

Table 4: Student Perceptions of Campus Services at the 
Military Academy:

Numbers in percent.

Generally or very satisfied; Medical care: 58; 
Updating of computer equipment: 57; Quality of mess hall food: 40; 
Laundry service: 31; Condition of athletic facilities: 27; 
Personal safety: 89.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; Medical care: 21; Updating of 
computer equipment: 25; Quality of mess hall food: 21; Laundry 
service: 20; Condition of athletic facilities: 14; Personal safety: 9.

Generally or very dissatisfied; Medical care: 21; 
Updating of computer equipment: 18; Quality of mess hall food: 39; 
Laundry service: 49; Condition of athletic facilities: 59; 
Personal safety: 3.

Source: GAO.

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of table]

Table 5: Student Perceptions of Campus Services at the Naval Academy:

Numbers in percent.

Generally or very satisfied; Medical care: 56; 
Updating of computer equipment: 53; Quality of mess hall food: 39; 
Laundry service: 30; Condition of athletic facilities: 72; 
Personal safety: 85.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; Medical care: 
24; Updating of computer equipment: 25; Quality of mess hall food: 24; 
Laundry service: 24; Condition of athletic facilities: 14; 
Personal safety: 12.

Generally or very dissatisfied; Medical care: 21; 
Updating of computer equipment: 22; Quality of mess hall food: 38; 
Laundry service: 47; Condition of athletic facilities: 14; 
Personal safety: 3.

Source: GAO.

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of table]

Table 6: Student Perceptions of Campus Services at the 
Air Force Academy:

Numbers in percent.

Generally or very satisfied; Medical care: 36; 
Updating of computer equipment: 60; Quality of mess hall food: 24; 
Laundry service: 18; Condition of athletic facilities: 57; 
Personal safety: 84.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; Medical care: 
21; Updating of computer equipment: 26; Quality of mess hall food: 19; 
Laundry service: 25; Condition of athletic facilities: 15; 
Personal safety: 13.

Generally or very dissatisfied; Medical care: 43; 
Updating of computer equipment: 14; Quality of mess hall food: 57; 
Laundry service: 56; Condition of athletic facilities: 29; 
Personal safety: 4.

Source: GAO.

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of table]

A majority of students, with higher percentages at the Military and Air 
Force Academies, reported that they did not have adequate time to 
handle their personal affairs. As figure 9 indicates, 58 percent at the 
Naval Academy, 67 percent at the Military Academy, and 73 percent at 
the Air Force Academy reported that the time they had was generally or 
very inadequate.

Figure 9: Student Perceptions of Adequacy or Inadequacy of Time to 
Handle Personal Affairs:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Student Perceptions of Prevention of Discrimination and 
Harassment Varied:

Student responses on a range of discrimination and harassment issues 
often varied according to gender or race/ethnicity. As figure 10 shows, 
47 percent of students at the Military Academy, 45 percent at the Naval 
Academy, and 51 percent at the Air Force Academy responded that their 
academy's emphasis on preventing gender-based discrimination was about 
right. However, as table 7 indicates, these responses varied according 
to the respondents' gender, with female students more likely to say 
that prevention was underemphasized. Between 34 and 47 percent of 
female students at each academy believed that prevention was 
underemphasized while between 8 and 17 percent of male students had a 
similar response.

Figure 10: Student Perceptions of the Emphasis Academies Place on 
Prevention of Gender-based Discrimination:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Table 7: Perceptions of Male and Female Students of the Emphasis Placed 
on Prevention of Gender-based Discrimination:

Numbers in percent.

Greatly or generally underemphasized; USMA: Males: 8; USMA: Females: 
34; USNA: Males: 13; USNA: Females: 35; USAFA: Males: 
17; USAFA: Females: 47.

Emphasis is about right; USMA: Males: 47; USMA: Females: 51; 
USNA: Males: 45; USNA: Females: 51; USAFA: Males: 52; USAFA: 
Females: 46.

Generally or greatly overemphasized; USMA: Males: 45; USMA: Females: 
15; USNA: Males: 43; USNA: Females: 14; USAFA: Males: 
31; USAFA: Females: 7.

Source: GAO.

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of table]

As figure 11 shows, in terms of sexual harassment, about one half of 
the students at each academy responded that their academy's emphasis on 
the prevention of sexual harassment was about right. However, female 
students were more likely than male students to report that the 
prevention of sexual harassment was generally or greatly 
underemphasized. Twenty-five percent of female students at the Military 
Academy, 21 percent at the Naval Academy, and 37 percent at the Air 
Force Academy responded that the prevention of sexual harassment was 
generally or greatly underemphasized (table 8).

Figure 11: Student Perceptions of the Emphasis Academies Place on 
Prevention of Sexual Harassment:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Table 8: Perceptions of Male and Female Students of the Emphasis Placed 
on Prevention of Sexual Harassment:

Numbers in percent.

Greatly or generally underemphasized; USMA: Males: 4; USMA: Females: 
25; USNA: Males: 4; USNA: Females: 21; USAFA: Males: 
10; USAFA: Females: 37.

Emphasis is about right; USMA: Males: 54; USMA: Females: 60; 
USNA: Males: 48; USNA: Females: 55; USAFA: Males: 54; USAFA: 
Females: 46.

Generally or greatly overemphasized; USMA: Males: 42; USMA: Females: 
15; USNA: Males: 48; USNA: Females: 24; USAFA: Males: 
37; USAFA: Females: 18.

Source: GAO.

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of table]

As figure 12 shows, about one half of all students at each of the three 
academies rated the overall atmosphere for women as good or excellent. 
The percentages ranged from 57 percent at the Military and Air Force 
Academies to 49 percent at the Naval Academy. However, female students 
were more likely to view the atmosphere for women as poor or below 
average than were male students. As table 9 indicates, between 36 and 
43 percent of female students at the three academies expressed this 
view compared with between 17 and 22 percent of the males. The results 
of our 1994 survey of students on sexual harassment issues showed that 
the majority of women students experienced some form of gender-based 
harassment that interfered with their performance or created an 
intimidating, hostile, or offensive environment.

Figure 12: Student Perceptions of the Overall Atmosphere for Women at 
the Academies:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Table 9: Perceptions of Male and Female Students of the Overall 
Atmosphere for Women at the Academies:

Numbers in percent.

Poor or below average; USMA: Males: 17; USMA: Females: 39; 
USNA: Males: 22; USNA: Females: 43; USAFA: Males: 18; USAFA: 
Females: 36.

Average; USMA: Males: 21; USMA: Females: 30; USNA: Males: 24; 
USNA: Females: 30; USAFA: Males: 20; USAFA: Females: 29.

Good or excellent; USMA: Males: 63; USMA: Females: 31; USNA: 
Males: 54; USNA: Females: 27; USAFA: Males: 62; USAFA: 
Females: 36.

Source: GAO.

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of table]

The perceptions of students on the emphasis the academies place on 
preventing race-/ethnicity-based discrimination also varied according 
to group membership. As figure 13 shows, a large majority of students 
at each academy reported that the emphasis was about right. The 
percentages ranged from 75 percent at the Naval Academy to 68 and 
62 percent, respectively, at the Air Force and Military Academies.

Figure 13: Student Perceptions of the Emphasis Academies Place on 
Prevention of Race-/Ethnicity-based Discrimination:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

However, minority students were more likely than nonminority students 
to report that the prevention of race-/ethnicity-based discrimination 
was generally or greatly underemphasized. As figure 14 shows, 4 percent 
of nonminority students at the Military Academy, 5 percent at the Naval 
Academy, and 9 percent at the Air Force Academy responded that their 
academy underemphasized this prevention. By comparison, 17 percent 
of minority students at the Military Academy, 21 percent at the Naval 
Academy, and 27 percent at the Air Force Academy responded in this way.

Figure 14: Percentage of Minorities and Nonminorities Reporting 
Underemphasis of Academies' Prevention of Race-/Ethnicity-based 
Discrimination:

[See PDF for image]

[End of figure]

In terms of race-/ethnicity-based harassment, a large majority of all 
students responded that their academy's emphasis on preventing such 
harassment was about right. For example, as figure 15 shows, 77 percent 
of all students at the Naval Academy, 71 percent at the Air Force 
Academy, and 65 percent at the Military Academy reported this view. 
However, as figure 16 indicates, minority students were more likely to 
report that the prevention of race-/ethnicity-based harassment was 
generally or greatly underemphasized.

Figure 15: Student Perceptions of the Emphasis Academies Place on 
Prevention of Race-/Ethnicity-based Harassment:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Figure 16: Percentage of Minorities and Nonminorities Reporting 
Underemphasis of Academies' Prevention of Race-/Ethnicity-based 
Harassment:

[See PDF for image]

[End of figure]

A large majority of all students rated the overall atmosphere for 
racial/ ethnic minorities as good or excellent. As figure 17 shows, 
83 percent of students at the Military Academy, 81 percent at the Naval 
Academy, and 79 percent at the Air Force Academy expressed this view. 
However, these views varied within groups. As table 10 shows, minority 
students were more likely than nonminority students to evaluate the 
overall atmosphere for minorities as poor or below average. Some 10 to 
17 percent of minority students expressed this view while about 
2 percent of nonminority students had a similar view.

Figure 17: Perceptions of Students of the Overall Atmosphere for 
Racial/Ethnic Minorities at the Academies:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Table 10: Perceptions of Minority and Nonminority Students of the 
Overall Atmosphere for Racial/Ethnic Minorities at the Academies:

Numbers in percent.

Poor or below average; USMA: Nonminorities: 2; USMA: Minorities: 10; 
USNA: Nonminorities: 2; USNA: Minorities: 11; USAFA: 
Nonminorities: 2; USAFA: Minorities: 17.

Average; USMA: Nonminorities: 10; USMA: Minorities: 23; USNA: 
Nonminorities: 12; USNA: Minorities: 22; USAFA: Nonminorities: 
14; USAFA: Minorities: 22.

Good or excellent; USMA: Nonminorities: 88; USMA: Minorities: 67; 
USNA: Nonminorities: 86; USNA: Minorities: 67; USAFA: 
Nonminorities: 83; USAFA: Minorities: 60.

Source: GAO.

Note: Percentages may not add to100 due to rounding.

[End of table]

Student Perceptions of Preferential Treatment Varied:

Student perceptions varied as to whether various groups of students, 
such as women, recruited athletes, and minorities, receive preferential 
treatment during the admissions process and in general at the 
academies. The differences varied most between members of a particular 
group and those who were not part of that group. As table 11 shows, 
58 percent of male students at the Military Academy, 63 percent at the 
Naval Academy, and 53 percent at the Air Force Academy believed that 
women received preferential treatment during the admissions process. By 
comparison, 25 percent of female students at the Military Academy, 
27 percent at the Naval Academy, and 24 percent at the Air Force 
Academy expressed the same view. Additionally, between 83 and 
87 percent of students who were not recruited athletes believed that 
recruited athletes received preferential treatment during the 
admissions process. Between 64 and 68 percent of recruited athletes 
held the same view.

Table 11: Percentage of Student Group and Nongroup Members Perceiving 
Preferential Treatment of Student Groups:

Numbers in percent.

Women; USMA: Nonmembers of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 58; USMA: 
Members of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 25; Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: USNA: Nonmembers of group: 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 63; USNA: 
Members of group: Preferential treatment during the 
admissions process: 27; Preferential treatment 
during the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 53; USAFA: Members of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 24.

Recruited athletes; USMA: Nonmembers of group: 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 86; USMA: 
Members of group: Preferential treatment during the 
admissions process: 68; Preferential treatment 
during the admissions process: USNA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 83; USNA: Members of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 67; 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during 
the admissions process: 87; USAFA: Members of 
group: Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 64.

African-American; USMA: Nonmembers of group: 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 46; USMA: 
Members of group: Preferential treatment during the 
admissions process: 20; Preferential treatment 
during the admissions process: USNA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 43; USNA: Members of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 14; 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during 
the admissions process: 41; USAFA: Members of 
group: Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 17.

Hispanic; USMA: Nonmembers of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 34; USMA: 
Members of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 35; Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: USNA: Nonmembers of group: 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 32; USNA: 
Members of group: Preferential treatment during the 
admissions process: 22; Preferential treatment 
during the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 29; USAFA: Members of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 24.

Asian; USMA: Nonmembers of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 26; USMA: 
Members of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 14; Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: USNA: Nonmembers of group: 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 22; USNA: 
Members of group: Preferential treatment during the 
admissions process: 9; Preferential treatment 
during the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 22; USAFA: Members of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 11.

Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander; USMA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 23; USMA: Members of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 27; 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: USNA: Nonmembers 
of group: Preferential treatment during 
the admissions process: 20; USNA: Members of group: 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 11; Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 
USAFA: Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment 
during the admissions process: 19; USAFA: Members 
of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 6.

American-Indian/Alaska Native; USMA: Nonmembers of 
group: Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 26; 
USMA: Members of group: Preferential treatment 
during the admissions process: 31; Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 
USNA: Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during the 
admissions process: 22; USNA: Members of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 36; 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during 
the admissions process: 22; USAFA: Members of 
group: Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 15.

Women; USMA: Nonmembers of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 47; USMA: 
Members of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 5; Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: USNA: Nonmembers of group: 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 50; USNA: 
Members of group: Preferential treatment during the 
admissions process: 6; Preferential treatment 
during the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 49; USAFA: Members of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 8.

Varsity athletes; USMA: Nonmembers of group: 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 74; USMA: 
Members of group: Preferential treatment during the 
admissions process: 33; Preferential treatment 
during the admissions process: USNA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 69; USNA: Members of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 37; 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during 
the admissions process: 80; USAFA: Members of 
group: Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 34.

African-American; USMA: Nonmembers of group: 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 18; USMA: 
Members of group: Preferential treatment during the 
admissions process: 3; Preferential treatment 
during the admissions process: USNA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 16; USNA: Members of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 0; 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during 
the admissions process: 22; USAFA: Members of 
group: Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 3.

Hispanic; USMA: Nonmembers of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 8; USMA: 
Members of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 5; Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: USNA: Nonmembers of group: 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 7; USNA: 
Members of group: Preferential treatment during the 
admissions process: 4; Preferential treatment 
during the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 8; USAFA: Members of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 10.

Asian; USMA: Nonmembers of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 8; USMA: 
Members of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 4; Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: USNA: Nonmembers of group: 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 5; USNA: Members 
of group: Preferential treatment during the 
admissions process: 2; Preferential treatment 
during the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 2; USAFA: Members of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 8.

Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander; USMA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 5; USMA: Members of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 6; 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: USNA: Nonmembers 
of group: Preferential treatment during 
the admissions process: 4; USNA: Members of group: 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 4; Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 
USAFA: Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment 
during the admissions process: 5; USAFA: Members of 
group: Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 0.

American-Indian/Alaska Native; USMA: Nonmembers of 
group: Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 5; USMA: 
Members of group: Preferential treatment during the 
admissions process: 7; Preferential treatment 
during the admissions process: USNA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during the admissions 
process: 4; USNA: Members of group: Preferential 
treatment during the admissions process: 9; 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: Preferential treatment during 
the admissions process: 5; USAFA: Members of group: 
Preferential treatment during the admissions process: 6.

Source: GAO.


[End of table]

Student perceptions also varied as to whether the same groups of 
students receive discriminatory treatment (unfair, adverse treatment) 
during the admissions process and in general at the academies. Table 12 
shows the differences between groups of students and those who are 
outside those groups in perceptions of discriminatory treatment during 
the admissions process and at the academies in general. For example, 
between 37 and 42 percent of female respondents at the three academies 
reported that they perceived discriminatory treatment in general at the 
academy while 8 to 14 percent of male respondents held the same view.

Table 12: Percentage of Student Group and Nongroup Members Perceiving 
Discriminatory Treatment of Student Groups:

Numbers in percent.

Women; USMA: Nonmembers of group: During the 
admissions process: 3; USMA: Members of group: 
During the admissions process: 14; During the 
admissions process: USNA: Nonmembers of 
group: During the admissions process: 2; USNA: 
Members of group: During the admissions process: 6; 
During the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: During the admissions process: 2; USAFA: 
Members of group: During the admissions process: 11.

Recruited athletes; USMA: Nonmembers of group: 
During the admissions process: 1; USMA: Members of 
group: During the admissions process: 5; During the 
admissions process: USNA: Nonmembers of 
group: During the admissions process: 1; USNA: 
Members of group: During the admissions process: 6; 
During the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: During the admissions process: 2; USAFA: 
Members of group: During the admissions process: 10.

African-American; USMA: Nonmembers of group: During 
the admissions process: 1; USMA: Members of group: 
During the admissions process: 18; During the 
admissions process: USNA: Nonmembers of 
group: During the admissions process: 1; USNA: 
Members of group: During the admissions process: 18; During the 
admissions process: USAFA: Nonmembers of group: During the admissions 
process: 2; USAFA: Members of group: During the admissions process: 
17.

Hispanic; USMA: Nonmembers of group: During the 
admissions process: 2; USMA: Members of group: 
During the admissions process: 4; During the 
admissions process: USNA: Nonmembers of 
group: During the admissions process: 1; USNA: 
Members of group: During the admissions process: 6; 
During the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: During the admissions process: 2; USAFA: Members 
of group: During the admissions process: 8.

Asian; USMA: Nonmembers of group: During the 
admissions process: 2; USMA: Members of group: 
During the admissions process: 7; During the 
admissions process: USNA: Nonmembers of 
group: During the admissions process: 1; USNA: 
Members of group: During the admissions process: 8; 
During the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: During the admissions process: 1; USAFA: Members 
of group: During the admissions process: 8.

Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander; USMA: 
Nonmembers of group: During the admissions process: 1; USMA: Members 
of group: During the admissions process: 12; 
During the admissions process: USNA: Nonmembers of group: During the 
admissions process: 1; 
USNA: Members of group: During the admissions 
process: 11; During the admissions process: 
USAFA: Nonmembers of group: During the 
admissions process: 1; USAFA: Members of group: 
During the admissions process: 18.

American-Indian/Alaska Native; USMA: Nonmembers of 
group: During the admissions process: 2; USMA: 
Members of group: During the admissions process: 2; 
During the admissions process: USNA: 
Nonmembers of group: During the admissions process: 2; USNA: Members 
of group: During the admissions process: 2; 
During the admissions process: USAFA: Nonmembers of group: During the 
admissions process: 2; 
USAFA: Members of group: During the admissions 
process: 2.

Women; USMA: Nonmembers of group: During the 
admissions process: 10; USMA: Members of group: 
During the admissions process: 42; During the 
admissions process: USNA: Nonmembers of 
group: During the admissions process: 14; USNA: 
Members of group: During the admissions process: 42; During the 
admissions process: 
USAFA: Nonmembers of group: During the admissions process: 8; USAFA: 
Members of group: During the admissions process: 37.

Varsity athletes; USMA: Nonmembers of group: During 
the admissions process: 3; USMA: Members of group: 
During the admissions process: 24; During the 
admissions process: USNA: Nonmembers of 
group: During the admissions process: 7; USNA: 
Members of group: During the admissions process: 31; During the 
admissions process: 
USAFA: Nonmembers of group: During the admissions process: 5; USAFA: 
Members of group: During the admissions process: 33.

African-American; USMA: Nonmembers of group: During 
the admissions process: 2; USMA: Members of group: 
During the admissions process: 23; During the 
admissions process: USNA: Nonmembers of 
group: During the admissions process: 2; USNA: 
Members of group: During the admissions process: 31; During the 
admissions process: 
USAFA: Nonmembers of group: During the admissions process: 2; USAFA: 
Members of group: During the admissions process: 29.

Hispanic; USMA: Nonmembers of group: During the 
admissions process: 2; USMA: Members of group: 
During the admissions process: 4; During the 
admissions process: USNA: Nonmembers of 
group: During the admissions process: 2; USNA: 
Members of group: During the admissions process: 6; 
During the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: During the admissions process: 2; USAFA: Members 
of group: During the admissions process: 8.

Asian; USMA: Nonmembers of group: During the 
admissions process: 1; USMA: Members of group: 
During the admissions process: 9; During the 
admissions process: USNA: Nonmembers of 
group: During the admissions process: 1; USNA: 
Members of group: During the admissions process: 7; 
During the admissions process: USAFA: 
Nonmembers of group: During the admissions process: 1; USAFA: Members 
of group: During the admissions process: 14.

Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander; USMA: 
Nonmembers of group: During the admissions process: 1; USMA: Members 
of group: During the admissions process: 9; 
During the admissions process: Numbers in 
percent: USNA: Nonmembers of group: During the admissions process: 1; 
USNA: Members of group: During the admissions 
process: 4; During the admissions process: 
USAFA: Nonmembers of group: During the admissions 
process: 1; USAFA: Members of group: During the 
admissions process: 18.

American-Indian/Alaska Native; USMA: Nonmembers of 
group: During the admissions process: 1; USMA: 
Members of group: During the admissions process: 4; 
During the admissions process: USNA: 
Nonmembers of group: During the admissions process: 1; USNA: Members 
of group: During the admissions process: 3; 
During the admissions process: USAFA: Nonmembers of group: During the 
admissions process: 1; 
USAFA: Members of group: During the admissions 
process: 4.

Source: GAO.

[End of table]

A majority of students at the Military Academy and the Air Force 
Academy (54 percent and 64 percent, respectively) indicated that 
varsity intercollegiate athletics were generally or greatly 
overemphasized, while at the Naval Academy 39 percent of the students 
reported the same overemphasis (see question 29, app. II).

In our prior surveys on student treatment, we asked respondents whether 
they believed women and minorities were treated better than, the same 
as, or worse than men by various academy systems such as faculty 
members. Students perceived that women and minorities generally 
received treatment equal to that of men and whites. However, 
differences in student perceptions were generally between male and 
female students and minorities and nonminority students.

Many Students Plan Long Military Careers:

Many students at the three academies reported that they plan to stay in 
the military beyond their initial obligation or until retirement 
(40 percent at the Military Academy, 44 percent at the Naval Academy, 
and 55 percent at the Air Force Academy), while between 14 and 
19 percent across all academies responded that they would probably or 
definitely leave at the end of their obligation. Figure 18 shows the 
student responses of their career intentions.

Figure 18: Student Responses on Career Intentions:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Faculty Generally Agree with Student Perceptions on Some Quality-of-
Life Issues:

The 1,586 faculty members who responded to our survey generally agreed 
with student perceptions of aspects of student life at the academies, 
but they were less likely than students to report that quality-of-life 
problems at the academies are seldom openly confronted and/or solved. 
Faculty perceptions varied on the practice of the honor code/concept 
and gender and race-/ethnicity-based discrimination and harassment and 
preferential treatment issues.

Faculty Perceptions Varied on the Extent to Which Quality-of-Life 
Problems Are Addressed:

Thirty-eight percent of the faculty at the Military Academy, 45 percent 
at the Naval Academy, and 46 percent at the Air Force Academy reported 
that quality-of-life problems are openly confronted and/or solved to 
some, little, or no extent at the academies. By comparison, 59 percent 
of students at the Military and Naval Academies and 71 percent of 
students at the Air Force Academy held the same views. About one third 
of faculty at each academy indicated that these problems are openly 
confronted and/or solved to a moderate extent (see question 29, 
app. III).

Overall Satisfaction with Academic and Military Training Is High:

Overall faculty satisfaction with academic and military training is 
high. As figure 19 shows, a large majority of faculty members at each 
academy rated the overall academic program as good or excellent 
(88 percent at the Military Academy, 87 percent at the Naval Academy, 
and 91 percent at the Air Force Academy).

Figure 19: Faculty Perceptions of the Overall Academic Program at the 
Academies:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

With regard to the students' academic workload, figure 20 shows that 
55 percent of faculty at the Military Academy, 60 percent at the Naval 
Academy, and 58 percent at the Air Force Academy responded that the 
workload was about right.

Figure 20: Faculty Perceptions of the Academic Workload at the 
Academies:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Figure 21 shows the faculty perceptions of the overall military 
development program. Seventy-three percent at the Military Academy, 
77 percent at the Naval Academy, and 60 percent at the Air Force 
Academy reported that the overall military development program was good 
or excellent. However, 26 percent of faculty at the Military Academy, 
22 percent at the Naval Academy, and 32 percent at the Air Force 
Academy rated their academy's performance standards for developing 
military officers as generally too low or much too low (see question 
10, app. III).

Figure 21: Faculty Perceptions of the Overall Military Development 
Program at the Academies:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Faculty Perceptions Varied on Practice of the Honor Code/Concept:

Faculty perceptions varied on the practice of the honor code/concept. 
Figure 22 shows that while 51 percent of faculty at the Military 
Academy, 41 percent at the Naval Academy, and 34 percent at the Air 
Force Academy reported that the honor code/concept was practiced as 
taught to a great or very great extent. Twenty-two percent of faculty 
at the Military Academy, 32 percent at the Naval Academy, and 
36 percent at the Air Force Academy indicated that it was practiced as 
taught to some, a little, or no extent.

Figure 22: Faculty Perceptions of the Extent to Which the Honor Code/
Concept Is Practiced as Taught:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

As figure 23 shows, 53 percent of faculty at the Military Academy and 
41 percent at the Naval and Air Force Academies reported that the honor 
code/concept was applied fairly with respect to students who have been 
accused of similar violations.

Figure 23: Faculty Perceptions of the Extent to Which the Honor Code/
Concept Is Fairly Applied:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Faculty Perceptions of Prevention of Discrimination and Harassment 
Varied:

Faculty were asked for their perceptions on the same gender-based and 
race-/ethnicity-based discrimination and harassment issues as were 
students. The same definitions of discrimination and harassment were 
used. Figure 24 shows that about 70 percent of the faculty at each 
academy reported that the level of emphasis given to the prevention of 
gender-based discrimination was about right.

Figure 24: Faculty Perceptions of the Emphasis Placed on the Prevention 
of Gender-based Discrimination:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Figure 25 shows that 75 percent of the faculty at the Military and 
Naval Academies and 65 percent at the Air Force Academy reported that 
the level of emphasis given to the prevention of sexual harassment was 
about right. Figure 26 shows that just over one half of the faculty at 
each academy assessed the overall atmosphere for women at the academies 
as good or excellent.

Figure 25: Faculty Perceptions of the Emphasis Placed on the Prevention 
of Sexual Harassment:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Figure 26: Faculty Perceptions of the Overall Atmosphere for Women at 
the Academies:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

With regard to the emphasis the academies place on the prevention of 
race-/ethnicity-based discrimination, figure 27 shows that about 
80 percent of faculty at each academy reported that the emphasis was 
about right.

Figure 27: Faculty Perceptions of the Emphasis on the Prevention of 
Race-/Ethnicity-based Discrimination at the Academies:

[See PDF for image]

[End of figure]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

A similar majority of faculty at each academy reported that the 
emphasis placed on the prevention of race-/ethnicity-based harassment 
is about right and that the overall atmosphere for racial/ethnic 
minority students at the academies is good or excellent. Figures 28 and 
29 show these perceptions.

Figure 28: Faculty Perceptions of the Emphasis on the Prevention of 
Race-/Ethnicity-based Harassment:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Figure 29: Faculty Perceptions of the Overall Atmosphere for Racial/
Ethnic Minorities at the Academies:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Faculty Perceptions of Preferential Treatment Varied:

Faculty perceptions varied as to whether different groups of students, 
such as women, recruited athletes, and minorities, receive preferential 
treatment during the admissions process and in general at the 
academies. Table 13 shows the differences between faculty who had been 
involved in the admissions process in the last 4 years and those who 
had not in perceptions of preferential treatment during the admissions 
process. More than 90 percent of the faculty who had participated in 
the admissions process in the last 4 years at the Military and Naval 
Academies and 72 percent at the Air Force Academy responded that they 
perceived recruited athletes as receiving preferential treatment during 
the admissions process. While 75 percent of the faculty who had 
participated in the admissions process at the Military Academy and 
81 percent at the Naval Academy reported that they perceived African-
Americans as receiving preferential treatment during the admissions 
process, only 29 percent of faculty at the Air Force Academy who had 
participated in the process gave the same assessment.

Table 13: Percentage of Faculty Perceiving Preferential Treatment of 
Student Groups in the Admissions Process:

Numbers in percent.

Women; USMA: Participated in the process: 14; 
USMA: Had not participated in the process: 36; 
USNA: Participated in 
the process: 16; USNA: Had not participated in the 
process: 32; USAFA: 
Participated in the process: 13; USAFA: Had not 
participated in the process: 24.

Recruited athletes; USMA: Participated in the 
process: 93; USMA: Had not participated in the 
process: 88; USNA: 
Participated in the process: 92; USNA: Had not 
participated in the process: 86; Numbers 
in percent: USAFA: Participated in the process: 72; 
USAFA: Had not participated in the process: 84.

African-American; USMA: Participated in the 
process: 75; USMA: Had not participated in the 
process: 71; USNA: 
Participated in the process: 81; USNA: Had not 
participated in the process: 68; Numbers 
in percent: USAFA: Participated in the process: 29; 
USAFA: Had not participated in the process: 37.

Hispanic; USMA: Participated in the process: 65; 
USMA: Had not participated in the process: 52; 
USNA: Participated in 
the process: 75; USNA: Had not participated in the 
process: 56; USAFA: 
Participated in the process: 24; USAFA: Had not 
participated in the process: 26.

Asian; USMA: Participated in the process: 13; 
USMA: Had not participated in the process: 22; 
USNA: Participated in 
the process: 15; USNA: Had not participated in the 
process: 17; USAFA: 
Participated in the process: 2; USAFA: Had not 
participated in the process: 10.

Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander; USMA: 
Participated in the process: 29; USMA: Had not 
participated in the process: 33; Numbers 
in percent: USNA: Participated in the process: 52; 
USNA: Had not participated in the process: 32; 
USAFA: Participated in the process: 11; 
USAFA: Had not participated in the process: 13.

American-Indian/Alaska Native; USMA: Participated 
in the process: 45; USMA: Had not participated in 
the process: 40; USNA: 
Participated in the process: 63; USNA: Had not 
participated in the process: 46; Numbers 
in percent: USAFA: Participated in the process: 18; 
USAFA: Had not participated in the process: 19.

Source: GAO.

[End of table]

With the exception of perceptions regarding varsity athletes, faculty 
across the academies were less likely to perceive preferential 
treatment of various student groups while at the academies, as shown by 
table 14.

Table 14: Percentage of Faculty Perceiving Preferential Treatment of 
Student Groups While at the Academies:

Numbers in percent.

Women; USMA: 11; USNA: 10; USAFA: 10.

Varsity athletes; USMA: 56; USNA: 55; USAFA: 63.

African-American; USMA: 12; USNA: 10; USAFA: 6.

Hispanic; USMA: 4; USNA: 5; USAFA: 3.

Asian; USMA: 1; USNA: 2; USAFA: 1.

Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander; USMA: 1; USNA: 2; USAFA: 1.

American-Indian/Alaska Native; USMA: 2; USNA: 3; USAFA: 2.

Source: GAO.

[End of table]

As figure 30 shows, about one-half the faculty at the Military and 
Naval Academies and 70 percent of the faculty at the Air Force Academy 
reported that the relative emphasis given to varsity intercollegiate 
athletics was generally or greatly overemphasized.

Figure 30: Faculty Perceptions of the Emphasis on Varsity 
Intercollegiate Athletics at the Academies:

[See PDF for image]

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of figure]

Conclusion:

The results of the student and faculty surveys presented in this report 
highlight several areas that may warrant further study. For example, 
the percentage of students and faculty that rated their academy's 
performance standards for developing military officers as being 
generally or much too low suggests that this may be an area of concern. 
Likewise, similar responses from students and faculty related to the 
conduct of the honor code/concept underscore another area of potential 
concern. In addition, the high percentage of student responses 
indicating dissatisfaction with their social life at the academies and 
with certain campus services may also suggest cause for concern.

In our report on oversight and admissions issues at the service 
academies,[Footnote 12] we concluded that DOD conducts considerable 
oversight of the academies' operations and performance, but they lack a 
complete oversight framework. To develop a more complete oversight 
framework, we recommended that DOD improve its oversight by enhancing 
its performance goals and measures. The academies' climate surveys are 
conducted periodically and can inform decision makers about areas that 
may warrant further attention. The results of our surveys, especially 
those areas mentioned above, may be of use to DOD in enhancing the 
quality of its oversight.

Agency Comments:

DOD reviewed a draft of this report and had no comments.

We are sending copies of this report to the appropriate congressional 
committees; the Secretaries of Defense, the Army, the Navy, and the Air 
Force; and the Director, Office of Management and Budget. We will also 
make copies available to others upon request. In addition, the report 
will be available at no charge on the GAO Web site at [Hyperlink, 
http://www.gao.gov] http://www.gao.gov.

Please contact me on (202) 512-5559 if you or your staff have any 
questions concerning this report. Key contributors are listed in 
appendix IV.


Derek B. Stewart 
Director 
Defense Capabilities and Management:

Signed by Derek B. Stewart: 

[End of section]

Appendixes: 

Appendix I: Scope and Methodology:

To obtain student and faculty perceptions of aspects of student life at 
the U.S. Military Academy, the U.S. Naval Academy, and the U.S. Air 
Force Academy, we took the following initial steps:

* To design two separate surveys (one for students and one for 
faculty), we reviewed our surveys used to query academy students in 
1993 and 1994 and prior service academy instruments to develop general 
topics and questions that were appropriate indicators of student life 
issues. Specifically, we reviewed student and faculty surveys on 
quality-of-life issues administered by the Military, Naval, and Air 
Force Academies within the last 2 years.[Footnote 13] We also reviewed 
the student and faculty surveys on various aspects of student life that 
we administered during our 1994 review of the Air Force 
Academy.[Footnote 14] For the student survey, we developed questions 
for nine general topics: (1) academic climate; (2) military/
professional development; (3) social and cultural climate; 
(4) harassment, discrimination (gender-and race-/ethnicity-based), and 
preferential treatment for various groups of students; (5) moral 
climate and honor code/concept; (6) intercollegiate and intramural 
athletics; (7) campus services; (8) personal affairs; and (9) career 
intentions. For the faculty survey, we developed five student-related 
topics: (1) academic climate; (2) military/professional development; 
(3) harassment, discrimination (gender-and race-/ethnicity-based), 
and preferential treatment for various groups of students; (4) moral 
climate and honor code/concept; and (5) intercollegiate and 
intramural athletics.

* To ensure the relevance and appropriateness of the survey questions, 
we sought outside comments on our survey approach and questions from 
officials in the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel 
and Readiness; the Army, Navy, and Air Force headquarters; and the 
Military, Naval, and Air Force academies. The purpose of seeking 
outside consultation was twofold. First, to determine whether the 
questions and the manner in which we planned to ask them were adequate 
for addressing the larger questions posed by our evaluation. Second, to 
find out whether academy students and faculty had the knowledge to 
answer our survey questions. The reviewing officials did not act as 
pretest interviewees; they provided critiques. Based on the comments 
received, we modified the survey terminology to apply to the respective 
academies, eliminated and/or changed questions or response items that 
did not apply, and added questions or response items to address issues 
germane to all three service academies.

* To test the survey questions before they were administered, we 
pretested the surveys in focus groups of students and faculty at the 
Naval and Air Force Academies. At both academies, we held two student 
focus groups, one for junior and senior students and one for freshmen 
and sophomore students, and two faculty focus groups, one each for 
military and civilian faculty. Each focus group consisted of 
approximately 10 participants, was racially diverse, and included males 
and females. We refined the survey questions based on the comments made 
during these sessions. Time constraints prevented pretesting at the 
Military Academy, although we discussed some of the survey topics with 
one student focus group during our site visit.

* To identify all students and faculty that would be included in the 
survey, we requested and obtained E-mail addresses for all students and 
faculty. For the faculty population, we asked the academies to include 
both teaching faculty and other staff who have regular contact with 
students, particularly the officers who serve as commanders of student 
units (companies or squadrons). Since we left it to the discretion of 
the academies which of these other staff they included (about 398 
total), the numbers of total faculty vary among academies. There were 
initial difficulties in resolving inaccuracies in the E-mail addresses 
provided to us by the Air Force Academy, but Air Force Academy 
officials worked with us to resolve those issues.

To administer the surveys, we built six Web-based survey sites, two 
for each academy (one for students and one for faculty). Before 
administering the surveys, the superintendent of each academy notified 
all students and faculty of our upcoming surveys and encouraged 
participation in them. This notification was followed by our E-mail to 
all students and faculty, containing the Web link to the appropriate 
survey as well as the individual's unique user name and password. The 
previously discussed inaccurate E-mail addresses resulted in delays 
in notifying all students and faculty at the Air Force Academy of the 
surveys' availability. The Web-based surveys were initially operational 
from February 5 to February 28, 2003. During this time, students and 
faculty completed the surveys and contacted designated GAO personnel, 
via telephone or E-mail, regarding any difficulties. Each week, we sent 
follow-up E-mail to all respondents, requesting that they complete the 
surveys if they had not done so. At the end of the survey period, we 
extended the survey at all academies by 1 week to March 7, 2003, to 
allow respondents at the Air Force Academy additional time to complete 
the surveys. Each academy's superintendent sent out an additional 
notification E-mail, announcing that we were extending the deadline for 
the surveys and once again encouraging participation. Table 15 shows 
that the response rates for the surveys were generally high.

Table 15: Number of Student and Faculty Survey Responses and 
Corresponding Response Rates:

U.S. Military Academy: 

Students; Total number of students and faculty surveyed: 3,987; Number 
of students and faculty responding to survey: 3,323; Response rate 
(percent): 83.

Faculty; Total number of students and faculty surveyed: 665; Number of 
students and faculty responding to survey: 597; Response rate 
(percent): 90.

U.S. Naval Academy: 

Students; Total number of students and faculty surveyed: 4,224; Number 
of students and faculty responding to survey: 3,473; Response rate 
(percent): 82.

Faculty; Total number of students and faculty surveyed: 663; Number of 
students and faculty responding to survey: 484; Response rate 
(percent): 73.

U.S. Air Force Academy: 

Students; Total number of students and faculty surveyed: 4,053; Number 
of students and faculty responding to survey: 2,442; Response rate 
(percent): 60.

Faculty; Total number of students and faculty surveyed: 737; Number of 
students and faculty responding to survey: 505; Response rate 
(percent): 69.

Source: GAO.

[End of table]

To analyze the response rates for possible errors due to some 
groups responding out of proportion to the population as a whole, 
we compared the rates for certain demographic subgroups to the 
relevant academy student populations. We found comparable 
distributions of students for these subgroups and concluded that the 
survey results for each academy appeared to be generally representative 
of the academy populations. Although overall response rates for the Air 
Force Academy were lower than those of the other two academies, the 
pattern of responses across demographic groups is much the same as for 
the other academies. Table 16 shows the percentage of groups who 
completed the student survey compared to the percentage of identified 
groups in the entire student population.

Table 16: Characteristics of Survey Respondents Compared to Academy 
Student Populations:

Numbers in percent.

Males; USMA: Survey response rate (percent): 84.7; 
USMA: Group as percentage of total population: 
84.4; USNA: Survey 
response rate (percent): 84.4; USNA: Group as 
percentage of total population: 84.7; 
USAFA: Survey response rate (percent): 82; Numbers 
in percent: USAFA: Group as percentage of total population: 83.6.

Females; USMA: Survey response rate (percent): 
15.3; USMA: Group as percentage of total 
population: 15.6; 
USNA: Survey response rate (percent): 15.6; USNA: 
Group as percentage of total population: 15.3; 
USAFA: Survey response rate (percent): 18; 
USAFA: Group as percentage of total population: 
16.4.

Minorities[A]; USMA: Survey response rate 
(percent): 22.9; USMA: Group as percentage of total 
population: 23.9; 
USNA: Survey response rate (percent): 20.2; USNA: 
Group as percentage of total population: 20.1; 
USAFA: Survey response rate (percent): 20; 
USAFA: Group as percentage of total population: 19.

Varsity athletes; USMA: Survey response rate 
(percent): 19.6; USMA: Group as percentage of total 
population: 18.3; 
USNA: Survey response rate (percent): Not tested[B]; USNA: Group as 
percentage of total population: Not tested[B]; 
USAFA: Survey response 
rate (percent): 18.2; USAFA: Group as percentage of 
total population: 17.1.

Prior enlisted; USMA: Survey response rate 
(percent): Not tested[B]; USMA: Group as percentage 
of total population: Not tested[B]; 
USNA: Survey response rate (percent): 10.1; Numbers 
in percent: USNA: Group as percentage of total population: 9.1; USAFA: 
Survey response rate 
(percent): 1.6; USAFA: Group as percentage of total 
population: 1.0.

Prep school graduates; USMA: Survey response rate 
(percent): 13.8; USMA: Group as percentage of total 
population: 14.7; 
USNA: Survey response rate (percent): 15.9; USNA: 
Group as percentage of total population: 16.8; 
USAFA: Survey response rate (percent): 
11.6; USAFA: Group as percentage of total 
population: 12.6.

Source: GAO.

[A] Our definition of "minority" differed somewhat from that used by 
the academies. Differences in response rates may be attributed to the 
differences in definition. For example, we did not specify an "other" 
category for race/ethnicity and included a category for Hawaiian or 
other Pacific Islander.

[B] We were unable to test these groups because of apparent measurement 
differences between our survey and the academies' demographic profiles. 
In our survey more students responded that they were in these groups 
than the academies reported in their population.

[End of table]

To analyze survey results, we noted responses for all questions and 
highlighted those where a significant response occurred in a particular 
category, such as an unfavorable opinion. We also compared responses 
by groups for questions addressing those groups (e.g., male and female 
student responses and minority and nonminority student responses). 
Since we surveyed the entire student and faculty populations at all 
three academies and not a statistical sample, achieved high response 
rates, and found minimal occurrences of some groups responding out of 
proportion to the population as a whole, the responses can be 
considered representative of those populations.

We performed our work between November 2002 and July 2003 in accordance 
with generally accepted government auditing standards.

[End of section]

Appendix II: Aspects of Student Life at the Academies: 
Student Survey and Responses:

Academic Climate:

1. Considering all your responsibilities, how would you characterize 
your academic workload?

Definitely too light; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): .3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .2.

Probably too light; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 1.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .6.

About right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 35.3; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 42.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 30.3.

Probably too heavy; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 48.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 45.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 50.5.

Definitely too heavy; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 14.8; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 10.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 18.5.

[End of table]

2. How much emphasis does the Academy place on academics, relative to 
what you think it should be?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.7; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 1.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 2.8.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 15.7; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 9.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 26.1.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 50.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 49.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 54.1.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 25.3; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 29.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 14.3.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 6.7; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 9.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 2.7.

[End of table]

3. How would you characterize the level of academic competition among 
Academy students?

Definitely too little; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .7; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): .5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .6.

Probably too little; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 9.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 7.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 7.2.

About right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 48.6; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 41.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 46.6.

Probably too much; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 30.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 36.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 33.6.

Definitely too much; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 11.2; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 14.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 12.0.

[End of table]

4. How effective or ineffective is additional instruction available 
outside the normal class meeting time for students who need it?

Very ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 2.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.2.

Generally ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 2.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 2.0.

Neither effective nor ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
4.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 2.9; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 1.6.

Generally effective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 38.7; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 37.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 31.6.

Very effective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 51.7; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 55.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 63.6.

[End of table]

5. Overall, how effective or ineffective are your Academy instructors 
as teachers?

Very ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): .8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .7.

Generally ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 4.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 3.3.

Neither effective nor ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
5.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 8.7; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 4.8.

Generally effective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 56.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 66.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 62.0.

Very effective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 34.0; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 19.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 29.3.

[End of table]

6. Based on your experiences, how would you rate the overall academic 
program at the Academy?

Poor; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): .4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .3.

Below average; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 1.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.5.

Average; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 5.5; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 8.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 5.8.

Good; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 33.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 36.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 32.5.

Excellent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 59.3; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 53.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 59.9.

[End of table]

Military/Professional Development:

7. Considering all your responsibilities, how would you characterize 
your military development workload during the academic year?

Definitely too light; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 8.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 6.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.4.

Probably too light; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 33.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 26.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 8.8.

About right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 40.7; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 50.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 40.4.

Probably too heavy; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 13.8; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 13.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 33.6.

Definitely too heavy; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 2.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 15.7.

[End of table]

8. How would you rate the Academy's performance standards for 
developing you as an officer?

Much too low; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.2; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 4.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 4.9.

Generally too low; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 21.0; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 28.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 22.1.

About right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 64.5; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 57.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 46.0.

Generally too high; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 10.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 8.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 19.7.

Much too high; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.0; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 1.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 7.3.

[End of table]

9. How effective or ineffective is the four-year class system for 
developing students as officers?

Very ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 8.2; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 11.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 17.0.

Generally ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 18.7; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 27.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 23.6.

Neither effective nor ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
19.7; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 19.2; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 18.9.

Generally effective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 45.9; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 38.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 32.2.

Very effective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 7.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 4.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 8.3.

[End of table]

10. How effective or ineffective are the summer military development 
activities (not including initial entry summer training) for providing 
you with the skills needed to be an officer?

Very ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 2.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 3.1.

Generally ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 7.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 6.9.

Neither effective nor ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
4.8; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 8.7; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 7.5.

Generally effective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 46.9; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 45.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 41.2.

Very effective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 43.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 34.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 41.3.

[End of table]

11. Based on your experiences, how would you rate the overall military 
development program at the Academy?

Poor; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.0; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 4.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 6.6.

Below average; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 7.8; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 12.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 14.1.

Average; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 19.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 26.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 26.3.

Good; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 49.0; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 43.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 39.5.

Excellent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 21.8; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 13.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 13.4.

[End of table]

Social and Cultural Climate:

12. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your social life at the 
Academy?

Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 33.0; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 22.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 30.3.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 39.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 34.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 34.4.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
13.6; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 17.4; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 13.8.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 12.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 22.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 18.2.

Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.7; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 3.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 3.3.

[End of table]

13. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the types of cultural 
opportunities (e.g., courses related to the arts, opportunities to 
participate in the arts, and attending such events) available to 
Academy students on or off Academy grounds?

Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 14.6; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 9.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 18.8.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 29.4; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 23.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 34.2.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
31.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 30.4; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 28.9.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 20.8; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 28.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 15.1.

Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 4.2; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 7.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 2.9.

[End of table]

14. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with opportunities to 
participate in religious services and activities?

Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.2; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 1.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.9.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.9; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 2.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 5.5.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
17.5; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 17.3; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 17.9.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 38.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 40.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 39.4.

Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 38.0; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 38.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 35.4.

[End of table]

Harassment, Discrimination, and Preferential Treatment:

Discrimination: Academy policies or practices that lead to unfair 
adverse treatment of a person or group based on race, ethnicity, gender 
or religion.

Harassment: Derogatory comments, gestures or other actions aimed at 
race, gender, religion, or ethnicity that interfere with an 
individual's performance or create an intimidating, offensive or 
hostile environment, including unwanted sexual advances, requests for 
sexual favors and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature.

15. How much emphasis does the Academy place on the prevention of 
sexual harassment, relative to what you think it should be?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): .7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 2.7.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 6.4; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 6.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 11.5.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 54.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 48.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 52.1.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 26.3; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 29.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 23.3.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 12.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 14.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 10.3.

[End of table]

16. How much emphasis does the Academy place on the prevention of 
gender-based discrimination, relative to what you think it should be?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 2.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 4.3.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 10.3; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 13.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 18.1.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 47.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 45.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 51.0.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 26.5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 23.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 17.2.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 14.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 15.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 9.3.

[End of table]

17. Based on your experiences, how would you rate the overall Academy 
atmosphere for women?

Poor; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.9; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 6.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 4.9.

Below average; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 16.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 19.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 16.6.

Average; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 22.2; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 25.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 21.5.

Good; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 39.9; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 32.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 38.5.

Excellent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 17.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 16.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 18.6.

[End of table]

18. How much emphasis does the Academy place on the prevention of race-
/ethnicity-based harassment, relative to what you think it should be?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .9; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): .9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.7.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 5.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 7.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 9.6.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 64.7; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 76.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 71.4.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 19.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 10.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 11.9.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 9.9; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 5.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 5.4.

[End of table]

19. How much emphasis does the Academy place on the prevention of race-
/ethnicity-based discrimination, relative to what you think it should 
be?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .9; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 1.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.6.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 5.9; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 7.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 10.4.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 61.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 75.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 68.0.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 21.3; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 11.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 13.5.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 10.3; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 4.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 6.6.

[End of table]

20. Based on your experiences, how would you rate the overall Academy 
atmosphere for members of racial/ethnic minorities?

Poor; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .8; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): .6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.2.

Below average; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 3.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 4.3.

Average; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 12.8; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 14.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 16.0.

Good; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 44.6; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 45.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 44.6.

Excellent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 38.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 36.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 33.9.

[End of table]

21. Based on your perception, how were your classmates in the following 
groups treated during the admissions process relative to other 
applicants?

Males; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 5.0; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
3.0.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 71.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 75.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 78.8.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 7.2; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 8.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
7.1.

Females: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Females: 16.4; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Females: 13.0; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Females: 11.1.

Females; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 44.5; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 50.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
43.3.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 34.9; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 34.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 42.7.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.7; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 2.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
3.3.

Whites/Caucasians: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Whites/Caucasians: 16.8; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Whites/
Caucasians: 12.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Whites/Caucasians: 
10.8.

Whites/Caucasians; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 4.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.6; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 3.1.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 68.8; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 73.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 76.2.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 10.1; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 9.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
9.5.

Blacks/African-Americans: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Blacks/African-Americans: 16.7; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Blacks/
African-Americans: 13.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Blacks/
African-Americans: 11.2.

Blacks/African-Americans; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 35.7; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 34.4; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 34.4.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 43.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 47.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 48.8.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.9; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
2.0.

Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos: 19.0; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos: 16.5; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos: 14.8.

Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 27.1; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 25.3; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 23.5.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 49.6; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 53.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 57.4.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.6; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
1.9.

Asians: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Asians: 21.7; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Asians: 19.9; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Asians: 17.3.

Asians; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 19.1; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 16.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
17.8.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 57.0; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 59.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 62.6.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.5; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
1.3.

American Indians/Alaska Natives: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): American Indians/Alaska Natives: 22.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): American Indians/Alaska Natives: 22.5; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): American Indians/Alaska Natives: 18.3.

American Indians/Alaska Natives; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 18.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 15.7; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 16.5.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 49.9; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 53.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 58.3.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.2; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
1.3.

Native Hawaiians/ Other Pacific Islanders: Do not know; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): Native Hawaiians/ Other Pacific Islanders: 30.6; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Native Hawaiians/ Other Pacific 
Islanders: 30.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Native Hawaiians/ 
Other Pacific Islanders: 23.8.

Native Hawaiians/ Other Pacific Islanders; Preferential treatment; U.S. 
Military Academy (percent): 16.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 14.4; 
U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 14.7.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 52.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 56.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 62.3.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.1; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
1.0.

Recruited Intercollegiate Athletes: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Recruited Intercollegiate Athletes: 30.6; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Recruited Intercollegiate Athletes: 27.9; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): Recruited Intercollegiate Athletes: 22.0.

Recruited Intercollegiate Athletes; Preferential treatment; U.S. 
Military Academy (percent): 73.5; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 72.5; 
U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 76.8.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 15.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 17.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 14.3.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.6; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 2.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
4.1.

Prior Enlisted: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Prior 
Enlisted: 9.6; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Prior Enlisted: 7.8; U.S. 
Air Force Academy (percent): Prior Enlisted: 4.8.

Prior Enlisted; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 32.1; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 21.4; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 16.4.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 47.2; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 59.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 66.1.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.8; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 2.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
3.2.

Students with Military Parents: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Students with Military Parents: 18.9; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Students with Military Parents: 16.2; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Students with Military Parents: 14.3.

Students with Military Parents; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 48.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 49.2; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 41.1.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 36.8; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 38.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 49.1.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): .3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .5.

Preparatory School Graduates: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Preparatory School Graduates: 14.2; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Preparatory School Graduates: 12.1; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Preparatory School Graduates: 9.2.

Preparatory School Graduates; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 40.8; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 32.1; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 35.3.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 42.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 53.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 52.4.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.6; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
2.0.

2.0: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 15.3; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 12.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 10.3.

[End of table]

22. To your knowledge, how are members of the following groups treated 
at the Academy in general, relative to other students?

Males; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 8.7; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 8.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
5.7.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 84.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 84.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 87.1.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 4.4; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 6.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
5.4.

Females: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Females: 2.7; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Females: 1.2; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Females: 1.8.

Females; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 39.9; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 42.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
40.9.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 42.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 37.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 44.5.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 14.2; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 17.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
12.4.

Whites/Caucasians: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Whites/Caucasians: 3.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Whites/
Caucasians: 1.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Whites/Caucasians: 
2.1.

Whites/Caucasians; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 4.8; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.8; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 3.6.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 87.6; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 90.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 89.0.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 4.3; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
4.8.

Blacks/African-Americans: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Blacks/African-Americans: 3.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Blacks/
African-Americans: 2.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Blacks/
African-Americans: 2.6.

Blacks/African-Americans; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 16.3; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 14.8; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 20.1.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 76.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 78.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 73.2.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.2; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
2.8.

Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos: 4.3; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos: 3.2; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos: 3.9.

Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 7.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 6.8; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 8.2.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 84.6; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 86.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 84.3.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.9; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
2.3.

Asians: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Asians: 6.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): Asians: 5.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
Asians: 5.2.

Asians; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 6.9; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 4.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
6.2.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 85.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 88.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 86.1.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.8; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
1.9.

American Indians/Alaska Natives: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): American Indians/Alaska Natives: 6.0; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): American Indians/Alaska Natives: 6.0; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): American Indians/Alaska Natives: 5.8.

American Indians/Alaska Natives; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 4.5; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.7; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 4.4.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 83.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 85.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 84.5.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .9; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): .9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.3.

Native Hawaiians/ Other Pacific Islanders: Do not know; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): Native Hawaiians/ Other Pacific Islanders: 11.3; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Native Hawaiians/ Other Pacific 
Islanders: 10.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Native Hawaiians/ 
Other Pacific Islanders: 9.7.

Native Hawaiians/ Other Pacific Islanders; Preferential treatment; U.S. 
Military Academy (percent): 4.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.7; 
U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 4.3.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 84.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 86.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 86.2.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.0; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): .9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
1.1.

Varsity Athletes: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Varsity 
Athletes: 10.9; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Varsity Athletes: 9.0; 
U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Varsity Athletes: 8.4.

Varsity Athletes; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 64.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 59.5; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 70.4.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 26.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 25.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 18.2.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 7.1; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 13.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
10.1.

Non-Varsity Athletes: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Non-Varsity Athletes: 2.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Non-Varsity 
Athletes: 1.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Non-Varsity Athletes: 
1.3.

Non-Varsity Athletes; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 4.6; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.1; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 20.0.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 77.8; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 84.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 61.5.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 14.2; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 10.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
16.1.

Prior Enlisted: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Prior 
Enlisted: 3.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Prior Enlisted: 1.9; U.S. 
Air Force Academy (percent): Prior Enlisted: 2.4.

Prior Enlisted; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 32.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 18.6; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 9.3.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 62.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 75.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 84.9.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.0; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
: 2.5.

Students with Military Parents: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Students with Military Parents: 3.6; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Students with Military Parents: 2.9; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Students with Military Parents: 3.3.

Students with Military Parents; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 25.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 25.5; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 19.2.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 70.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 71.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 77.0.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): .6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .7.

Preparatory School Graduates: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Preparatory School Graduates: 3.9; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Preparatory School Graduates: 2.8; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Preparatory School Graduates: 3.2.

Preparatory School Graduates; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 18.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 9.2; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 10.4.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 75.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 84.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 84.4.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.9; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
2.1.

Foreign Students: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Foreign 
Students: 3.8; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Foreign Students: 3.0; 
U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Foreign Students: 3.0.

Foreign Students; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 21.3; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 11.0; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 20.3.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 70.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 78.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 70.4.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.0; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
3.5.

3.5: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 6.3; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 7.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 5.9.

[End of table]

Moral Climate and Honor Code/Concept:

23. How much emphasis does the Academy place on the moral/ethical 
development of students, relative to what you think it should be?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 1.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 3.5.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 5.9; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 9.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 15.4.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 61.5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 59.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 61.3.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 22.4; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 21.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 14.9.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 9.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 7.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 4.9.

[End of table]

24. To what extent is the Honor Code/Concept practiced as it is taught?

To little or no extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 6.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 6.0.

To some extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 12.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 24.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 22.1.

To a moderate extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 23.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 32.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 29.3.

To a great extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 40.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 28.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 32.2.

To a very great extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 22.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 7.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 10.4.

[End of table]

25. To what extent is the Honor Code/Concept fairly applied to students 
with similar violations?

To little or no extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 9.5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 13.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 12.2.

To some extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 21.2; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 26.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 23.0.

To a moderate extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 26.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 30.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 27.4.

To a great extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 29.6; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 22.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 26.9.

To a very great extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 13.3; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 6.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 10.4.

[End of table]

26. How frequently have you witnessed academic cheating at the Academy?

Seldom or never; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 89.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 76.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 69.0.

On occasion; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 8.0; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 18.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 20.7.

Often; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.1; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 3.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 5.9.

Very often; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .7; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 1.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 3.4.

All or almost all the time; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): .4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.1.

[End of table]

Intercollegiate and Intramural Athletics:

27. When you were applying to the Academy, were you recruited to be an 
athlete for one of the Academy's varsity intercollegiate 
athletic teams?

No; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 75.9; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 73.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 74.9.

Yes; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 24.1; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 26.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 25.1.

[End of table]

28. Are you an athlete on one of the Academy's varsity intercollegiate 
teams?

No; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 80.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 71.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 81.8.

Yes; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 19.6; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 28.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 18.2.

[End of table]

29. How much emphasis does the Academy place on varsity intercollegiate 
athletics?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 5.8; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 4.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 3.5.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 14.5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 15.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 10.6.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 25.8; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 41.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 22.0.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 28.7; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 26.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 29.5.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 25.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 12.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 34.3.

[End of table]

30. How much emphasis does the Academy place on intramural athletics?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 5.7; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 3.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 2.1.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 23.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 19.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 10.0.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 52.3; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 59.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 35.8.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 13.5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 13.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 28.8.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 5.5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 4.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 23.2.

[End of table]

31. How much emphasis does the Academy place on club athletics?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 11.5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 11.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 44.4.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 36.8; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 37.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 39.6.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 45.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 48.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 13.5.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 5.4; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 2.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.9.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): .5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .7.

[End of table]

Services:

32. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the following housing 
conditions, food services and other services/facilities at the Academy?

Physical condition of housing; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 4.5; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.6; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 1.0.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 16.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 7.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
8.8.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
20.3; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 14.6; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 15.5.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 50.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 57.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
55.9.

Maintenance of housing: Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Maintenance of housing: 9.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 
Maintenance of housing: 18.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
Maintenance of housing: 18.7.

Maintenance of housing; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 5.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.3; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 2.8.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 19.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 16.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
13.6.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
20.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 17.6; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 17.1.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 46.3; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 48.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
49.6.

Total amount of living area: Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Total amount of living area: 8.7; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Total amount of living area: 13.2; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Total amount of living area: 16.9.

Total amount of living area; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 5.8; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 6.4; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 4.8.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 17.8; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 22.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
18.6.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
17.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 21.9; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 18.1.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 45.9; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 39.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
43.5.

Study conditions: Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Study conditions: 13.3; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Study conditions: 
9.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Study conditions: 15.0.

Study conditions; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
2.9; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 2.4; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 3.7.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 10.5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 11.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
12.9.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
19.1; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 22.5; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 21.0.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 54.5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 51.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
48.9.

Personal storage area: Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Personal storage area: 13.1; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Personal 
storage area: 12.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Personal storage 
area: 13.5.

Personal storage area; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 12.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 13.8; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 11.4.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 35.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 37.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
33.1.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
17.8; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 18.9; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 20.1.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 29.8; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 25.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
29.2.

Restrooms: Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Restrooms: 
5.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Restrooms: 4.8; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): Restrooms: 6.2.

Restrooms; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 7.1; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 5.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
5.3.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 18.8; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 14.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
17.3.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
21.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 23.2; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 25.6.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 44.3; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 45.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
42.6.

Available technology: Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Available technology: 8.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Available 
technology: 10.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Available 
technology: 9.2.

Available technology; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 1.8; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 8.1; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 1.1.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 5.9; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 11.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
4.3.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
11.1; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 11.2; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 11.4.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 49.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 41.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
48.0.

Security of personal effects: Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Security of personal effects: 31.5; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Security of personal effects: 27.2; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Security of personal effects: 35.3.

Security of personal effects; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 4.3; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 15.1; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 3.3.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 8.4; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 23.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
9.6.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
15.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 21.0; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 18.4.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 45.8; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 31.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
48.7.

Personal safety: Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Personal safety: 26.1; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Personal safety: 
9.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Personal safety: 20.0.

Personal safety; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
1.3; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.1; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 1.2.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 1.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
2.3.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
: 8.5; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 12.2; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 12.5.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 36.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 40.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
44.9.

Quality of mess hall food: Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Quality of mess hall food: 52.6; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Quality of mess hall food: 44.1; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Quality of mess hall food: 39.0.

Quality of mess hall food; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 12.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 11.2; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 22.8.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 26.3; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 26.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
34.2.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
: 21.1; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 23.7; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 18.9.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 35.7; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 34.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
21.6.

Laundry service: Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Laundry service: 4.5; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Laundry service: 
4.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Laundry service: 2.4.

Laundry service; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
18.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 19.6; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 24.9.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 31.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 27.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
31.2.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
19.9; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 23.8; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 25.4.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 27.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 26.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
16.4.

Medical care: Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Medical 
care: 3.6; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Medical care: 3.2; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): Medical care: 2.0.

Medical care; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 6.8; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 4.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
15.0.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 14.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 15.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
28.0.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
: 21.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 23.6; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 20.8.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 44.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 42.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
28.3.

Shopping facilities: Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Shopping facilities: 13.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Shopping 
facilities: 13.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Shopping 
facilities: 7.9.

Shopping facilities; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 11.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.4; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 7.9.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 27.5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 9.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
19.8.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
24.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 22.5; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 30.3.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 32.7; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 52.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
37.6.

Off-installation transportation: Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Off-installation transportation: 4.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Off-installation transportation: 12.5; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): Off-installation transportation: 4.4.

Off-installation transportation; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 35.3; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 26.3; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 41.8.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 34.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 36.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
31.0.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
16.8; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 23.7; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 19.6.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 12.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 12.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
6.6.

Phone service: Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Phone 
service: 1.8; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Phone service: 2.0; U.S. 
Air Force Academy (percent): Phone service: 1.1.

Phone service; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
10.5; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 6.7; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 20.7.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 17.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 12.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
24.5.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
24.1; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 24.0; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 35.4.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 40.5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 46.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
17.1.

Cable service: Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Cable 
service: 7.8; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Cable service: 10.5; U.S. 
Air Force Academy (percent): Cable service: 2.3.

Cable service; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
17.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 25.3; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 29.1.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 24.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 19.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
27.0.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
21.6; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 30.6; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 29.8.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 31.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 20.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
12.0.

Updating of school computer equipment: Very satisfied; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): Updating of school computer equipment: 6.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): Updating of school computer equipment: 3.7; 
U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Updating of school computer 
equipment: 2.0.

Updating of school computer equipment; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 6.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 9.4; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 4.1.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 11.7; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 12.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
9.7.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
25.3; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 24.6; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 25.9.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 42.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 40.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
43.5.

Condition of athletic facilities that all students can use: Very 
satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Condition of athletic 
facilities that all students can use: 14.2; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Condition of athletic facilities that all students can use: 
13.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Condition of athletic 
facilities that all students can use: 16.8.

Condition of athletic facilities that all students can use; Very 
dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 34.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 3.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 9.5.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 24.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 10.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
19.2.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
14.1; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 14.0; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 14.8.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 22.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 50.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
38.4.

Club sports (number, diversity, participation, etc.): Very satisfied; 
U.S. Military Academy (percent): Club sports (number, diversity, 
participation, etc.): 5.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Club sports 
(number, diversity, participation, etc.): 21.7; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Club sports (number, diversity, participation, etc.): 18.1.

Club sports (number, diversity, participation, etc.); Very 
dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 5.8; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 3.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 18.7.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 11.5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 8.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
23.4.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
32.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 30.9; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 27.3.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 40.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 45.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
24.4.

Personal privacy: Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Personal privacy: 10.5; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Personal privacy: 
11.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Personal privacy: 6.2.

Personal privacy; Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
23.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 16.5; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 16.0.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 30.7; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 29.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
26.5.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
22.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 27.8; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 27.4.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 20.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 23.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
25.4.

25.4: Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 3.5; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 2.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 4.7.

[End of table]

Personal Affairs:

33. How adequate or inadequate is the amount of time you have to handle 
your personal affairs?

Very inadequate; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 18.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 12.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 20.8.

Generally inadequate; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 48.2; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 46.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 51.7.

Adequate; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 31.0; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 38.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 26.5.

Generally more than adequate; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.1; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 2.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
1.1.

Much more than adequate; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .3; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): .1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 0.0.

[End of table]

34. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with opportunities to use 
personal time as you would like to use it?

Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 28.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 14.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 27.0.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 42.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 37.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 42.3.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
17.7; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 23.1; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 17.3.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 11.2; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 22.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 12.7.

Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .5; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 1.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .7.

[End of table]

General:

35. Considering everything, how would you rate your overall 
satisfaction with the Academy?

Very dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 4.0; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 4.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 5.8.

Generally dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 15.9; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 14.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 18.1.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
18.5; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 16.7; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 17.5.

Generally satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 49.0; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 50.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 47.1.

Very satisfied; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 12.6; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 14.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 11.5.

[End of table]

36. To what extent are quality of life problems at the Academy openly 
confronted and/or solved?

To little or no extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 24.3; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 25.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 39.0.

To some extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 35.0; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 33.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 32.2.

To a moderate extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 30.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 32.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 22.6.

To a great extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 8.8; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 7.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 5.3.

To a very great extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.3; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 1.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .8.

[End of table]

37. Which of the following best describes your career intentions at the 
present time?

I plan to stay in the military until retirement; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 15.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 15.3; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 25.6.

I plan to stay in the military beyond my obligation, but am undecided 
about staying until retirement; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 24.8; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 28.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
29.5.

I am undecided whether I will stay in the military beyond my 
obligation; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 40.8; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 38.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 30.9.

I will probably leave the military upon completion of my obligation; 
U.S. Military Academy (percent): 12.6; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 
11.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 10.0.

I will definitely leave the military upon completion of my obligation; 
U.S. Military Academy (percent): 6.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 
5.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 4.0.

[End of table]

Background Information:

38. Which Academy do you attend?

U.S. Military Academy; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 100.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 0.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 0.0.

U.S. Naval Academy; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 0.0; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 100.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 0.0.

U.S. Air Force Academy; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 0.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 0.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 100.0.

[End of table]

39. What is your year class?

First Class (class of 2003); U.S. Military Academy (percent): 21.4; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 22.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
25.6.

Second Class (class of 2004); U.S. Military Academy (percent): 24.4; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 24.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
23.9.

Third Class (class of 2005); U.S. Military Academy (percent): 26.0; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 26.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
27.0.

Fourth Class (class of 2006); U.S. Military Academy (percent): 28.2; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 27.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
23.5.

[End of table]

40. What is your gender?

Male; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 84.7; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 84.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 82.0.

Female; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 15.3; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 15.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 18.0.

[End of table]

41. Are you either Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino?

No; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 91.1; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 90.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 92.1.

Yes; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 8.9; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 9.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 7.9.

[End of table]

42. What is your race?

White/Caucasian; Not checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 22.4; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 18.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
17.8.

Black/African-American: Checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Black/African-American: 77.6; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Black/
African-American: 81.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Black/
African-American: 82.2.

Black/African-American; Not checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
93.8; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 94.9; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 95.4.

Asian: Checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Asian: 6.2; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): Asian: 5.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Asian: 
4.6.

Asian; Not checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 92.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 95.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 95.6.

American Indian/Alaska Native: Checked; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): American Indian/Alaska Native: 7.6; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): American Indian/Alaska Native: 4.4; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): American Indian/Alaska Native: 4.4.

American Indian/Alaska Native; Not checked; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 98.1; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 97.8; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 97.7.

Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander: Checked; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander: 1.9; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander: 2.2; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander: 2.3.

Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander; Not checked; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 98.9; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 98.5; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 99.1.

No response: Checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): No response: 
1.1; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): No response: 1.5; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): No response: .9.

No response; Not checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 90.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 90.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 91.1.

91.1: Checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 9.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 9.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 8.9.

[End of table]

43. Were you prior enlisted before enrolling in the Academy?

No; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 90.1; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 89.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 95.4.

Yes; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 9.9; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 10.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 4.6.

[End of table]

44. Did you attend the Academy's preparatory school before enrolling in 
the Academy?

No; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 86.2; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 84.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 88.4.

Yes; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 13.8; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 15.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 11.6.

[End of table]

45. Is either of your parents a graduate of a military academy?

No; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 93.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 93.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 91.4.

Yes; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 6.6; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 6.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 8.6.

[End of table]

46. Is either of your parents currently serving in the active services 
or Guard/Reserves?

No; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 92.1; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 93.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 91.1.

Yes; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 7.9; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 6.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 8.9.

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of table]

[End of section]

Appendix III: Aspects of Student Life at the Academies: 
Faculty Survey and Responses:

Academic Climate:

1. Considering all the students' responsibilities, how would you 
characterize their academic workload at the Academy?

Definitely too light; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): .6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.6.

Probably too light; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 7.6; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 7.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 7.8.

About right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 55.1; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 60.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 58.2.

Probably too heavy; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 29.2; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 22.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 25.1.

Definitely too heavy; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 6.6; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 8.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 7.2.

[End of table]

2. How much emphasis does the Academy place on academics, relative to 
what you think it should be?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 2.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 5.8.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 30.4; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 32.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 37.1.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 54.8; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 55.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 50.0.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 10.3; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 7.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 5.2.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 2.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.8.

[End of table]

3. How would you characterize the level of academic competition among 
Academy students?

Definitely too little; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 4.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 3.9.

Probably too little; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 28.7; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 27.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 21.1.

About right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 54.5; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 56.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 60.7.

Probably too much; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 10.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 10.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 12.1.

Definitely too much; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.0; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 1.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 2.2.

[End of table]

4. How effective or ineffective is additional instruction available 
outside the normal class meeting time for students who need it?

Very ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 4.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 3.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 3.1.

Generally ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.2; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 1.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 4.1.

Neither effective nor ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
1.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.7; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 2.5.

Generally effective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 35.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 38.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 33.1.

Very effective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 57.0; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 54.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 57.3.

[End of table]

5. How would you rate the academic preparedness of students who 
attended the Academy Preparatory School relative to their classmates at 
the Academy?

Much more prepared; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 1.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.9.

Somewhat more prepared; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 14.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 16.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 20.3.

About the same; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 40.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 40.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 42.0.

Somewhat less prepared; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 35.4; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 33.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 28.3.

Much less prepared; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 8.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 7.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 7.4.

[End of table]

6. Overall, how effective or ineffective are Academy instructors as 
teachers?

Very ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 1.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 2.3.

Generally ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 1.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.0.

Neither effective nor ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
1.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 2.8; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 1.9.

Generally effective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 45.2; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 45.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 41.8.

Very effective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 48.7; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 47.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 52.9.

[End of table]

7. Who among the following have ever tried to improperly influence you 
to modify the grades in any of your Academy courses?

Fellow faculty; Not checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 97.8; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 97.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
97.8.

Course director: Checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Course 
director: 2.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Course director: 2.1; U.S. 
Air Force Academy (percent): Course director: 2.2.

Course director; Not checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 96.0; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 99.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
96.0.

Department head or deputy department head: Checked; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): Department head or deputy department head: 4.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): Department head or deputy department head: .6; 
U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Department head or deputy department 
head: 4.0.

Department head or deputy department head; Not checked; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 94.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 96.9; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 96.0.

Dean or someone on his/her staff: Checked; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Dean or someone on his/her staff: 6.0; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Dean or someone on his/her staff: 3.1; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): Dean or someone on his/her staff: 4.0.

Dean or someone on his/her staff; Not checked; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 100.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 99.2; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 98.6.

Coach or other athletic department or association official: Checked; 
U.S. Military Academy (percent): Coach or other athletic department or 
association official: 0.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Coach or other 
athletic department or association official: .8; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Coach or other athletic department or association official: 
1.4.

Coach or other athletic department or association official; Not 
checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 98.8; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 97.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 98.0.

Someone on Commandant's staff: Checked; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Someone on Commandant's staff: 1.2; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Someone on Commandant's staff: 2.3; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Someone on Commandant's staff: 2.0.

Someone on Commandant's staff; Not checked; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 100.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 98.1; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 99.6.

Someone on Superintendent's staff: Checked; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Someone on Superintendent's staff: 0.0; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Someone on Superintendent's staff: 1.9; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): Someone on Superintendent's staff: .4.

Someone on Superintendent's staff; Not checked; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 99.8; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 99.8; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 99.6.

Other: Checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Other: .2; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): Other: .2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Other: 
.4.

Other; Not checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 99.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 97.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 98.8.

No one at the Academy has ever tried to improperly influence me to 
modify grades: Checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): No one at the 
Academy has ever tried to improperly influence me to modify grades: .7; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): No one at the Academy has ever tried to 
improperly influence me to modify grades: 2.9; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): No one at the Academy has ever tried to improperly influence 
me to modify grades: 1.2.

No one at the Academy has ever tried to improperly influence me to 
modify grades; Not checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 14.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 12.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 18.0.

No basis to judge: Checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): No basis 
to judge: 85.9; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): No basis to judge: 87.4; 
U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): No basis to judge: 82.0.

No basis to judge; Not checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 96.8; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 97.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
91.9.

91.9: Checked; U.S. Military Academy (percent): U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 3.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 2.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 8.1.

[End of table]

8. Based on your experiences, how would you rate the overall academic 
program at the Academy?

Poor; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .5; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 0.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .6.

Below average; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 2.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 3.4.

Average; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 9.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 10.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 4.6.

Good; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 30.3; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 32.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 33.3.

Excellent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 57.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 53.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 58.1.

[End of table]

Military/Professional Development:

9. Considering all the students' responsibilities, how would you 
characterize their military development workload during the 
academic year?

Definitely too light; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 13.0; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 2.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 2.8.

Probably too light; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 27.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 12.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 11.2.

About right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 28.6; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 53.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 36.1.

Probably too heavy; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 22.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 26.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 34.3.

Definitely too heavy; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 9.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 5.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 15.6.

[End of table]

10. How would you rate the Academy's performance standards for 
developing students as officers?

Much too low; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.8; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 2.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 3.9.

Generally too low; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 23.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 20.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 27.9.

About right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 70.3; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 74.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 60.5.

Generally too high; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 2.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 6.0.

Much too high; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 0.0; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): .7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.7.

[End of table]

11. How effective or ineffective is the four-year class system for 
developing students as officers?

Very ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 4.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 9.5.

Generally ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 10.7; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 15.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 21.9.

Neither effective nor ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
7.9; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 11.4; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 12.7.

Generally effective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 66.9; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 56.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 49.2.

Very effective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 11.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 12.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 6.7.

[End of table]

12. How effective or ineffective are the summer military development 
activities (not including initial entry summer training) for providing 
students with the skills needed to be an officer?

Very ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.6; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 1.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.7.

Generally ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 5.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 9.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 8.0.

Neither effective nor ineffective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
2.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 9.9; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 7.5.

Generally effective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 53.9; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 52.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 52.3.

Very effective; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 36.9; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 26.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 30.5.

[End of table]

13. Based on your experiences, how would you rate the overall military 
development program at the Academy?

Poor; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .9; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 1.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 4.5.

Below average; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 8.7; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 5.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 14.0.

Average; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 17.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 17.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 21.3.

Good; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 49.5; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 47.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 41.3.

Excellent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 23.6; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 29.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 18.9.

[End of table]

Harassment, Discrimination, and Preferential Treatment:

Discrimination: Academy policies or practices that lead to unfair 
adverse treatment of a person or group based on race, ethnicity, gender 
or religion.

Harassment: Derogatory comments, gestures or other actions aimed at 
race, gender, religion, or ethnicity that interfere with an 
individual's performance or create an intimidating, offensive or 
hostile environment, including unwanted sexual advances, requests for 
sexual favors and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature.

14. How much emphasis does the Academy place on the prevention of 
sexual harassment of students, relative to what you think it should be?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 1.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 4.8.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 9.8; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 14.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 18.7.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 75.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 75.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 65.1.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 9.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 6.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 8.6.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.8; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 2.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 2.7.

[End of table]

15. How much emphasis does the Academy place on the prevention of 
gender-based discrimination of students, relative to what you think it 
should be?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 2.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 3.0.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 13.4; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 15.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 18.4.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 70.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 72.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 68.9.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 11.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 7.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 6.4.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 2.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 3.4.

[End of table]

16. Based on your experiences, how would you rate the overall Academy 
atmosphere for women students?

Poor; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.6; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 3.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 6.2.

Below average; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 14.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 20.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 19.1.

Average; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 23.8; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 22.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 24.0.

Good; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 39.8; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 37.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 34.3.

Excellent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 18.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 17.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 16.4.

[End of table]

17. How much emphasis does the Academy place on the prevention of race-
/ethnicity-based harassment of students, relative to what you think it 
should be?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 1.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 0.0.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 5.9; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 8.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 8.2.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 79.8; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 83.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 82.1.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 10.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 4.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 8.0.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 2.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.7.

[End of table]

18. How much emphasis does the Academy place on the prevention of race-
/ethnicity-based discrimination of students, relative to what you think 
it should be?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 1.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .4.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 5.3; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 9.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 8.2.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 78.3; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 81.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 82.0.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 11.7; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 5.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 8.2.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 2.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.3.

[End of table]

19. Based on your experiences, how would you rate the overall Academy 
atmosphere for members of racial/ethnic minorities?

Poor; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .9; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 1.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 0.0.

Below average; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.3; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 5.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 4.9.

Average; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 16.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 19.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 18.2.

Good; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 43.0; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 42.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 41.4.

Excellent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 36.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 31.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 35.5.

[End of table]

20. Based on your perception, how were students in the following groups 
treated during the admissions process relative to other applicants?

Males; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.2; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 2.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
3.7.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 49.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 48.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 48.3.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 4.3; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
: 1.3.

Females: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Females: 44.0; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Females: 45.4; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Females: 46.7.

Females; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 17.2; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 17.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
11.8.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 37.7; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 36.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 39.2.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.5; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
2.6.

Whites/Caucasians: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Whites/Caucasians: 42.5; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Whites/
Caucasians: 43.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Whites/Caucasians: 
46.4.

Whites/Caucasians; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 1.8; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.2; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 2.8.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 46.9; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 46.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 46.3.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 8.0; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 7.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
4.1.

Blacks/African-Americans: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Blacks/African-Americans: 43.3; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Blacks/
African-Americans: 45.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Blacks/
African-Americans: 46.7.

Blacks/African-Americans; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 42.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 40.5; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 19.1.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 16.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 17.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 33.4.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): .9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .9.

Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos: 40.9; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos: 41.6; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos: 46.6.

Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 30.3; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 32.2; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 13.6.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 25.0; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 22.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 37.2.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .4; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): .5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.1.

Asians: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Asians: 44.3; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Asians: 45.1; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Asians: 48.1.

Asians; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 10.3; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 8.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
4.4.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 42.0; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 41.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 45.0.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.1; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): .9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
1.3.

American Indians/Alaska Natives: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): American Indians/Alaska Natives: 46.6; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): American Indians/Alaska Natives: 48.4; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): American Indians/Alaska Natives: 49.3.

American Indians/Alaska Natives; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 18.8; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 22.0; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 8.8.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 26.8; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 22.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 37.4.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): .7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .9.

Native Hawaiians/ Other Pacific Islanders: Do not know; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): Native Hawaiians/ Other Pacific Islanders: 53.8; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Native Hawaiians/ Other Pacific 
Islanders: 55.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Native Hawaiians/ 
Other Pacific Islanders: 52.9.

Native Hawaiians/ Other Pacific Islanders; Preferential treatment; U.S. 
Military Academy (percent): 13.9; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 15.3; 
U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 5.7.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 30.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 27.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 38.9.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .4; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): .5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .4.

Recruited Intercollegiate Athletes: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Recruited Intercollegiate Athletes: 55.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Recruited Intercollegiate Athletes: 57.0; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): Recruited Intercollegiate Athletes: 54.9.

Recruited Intercollegiate Athletes; Preferential treatment; U.S. 
Military Academy (percent): 55.9; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 54.7; 
U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 56.3.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 7.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 7.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 11.2.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): .2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .9.

Prior Enlisted: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Prior 
Enlisted: 36.5; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Prior Enlisted: 37.2; 
U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Prior Enlisted: 31.6.

Prior Enlisted; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 12.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 24.8; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 7.7.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 40.6; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 29.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 43.0.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .7; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 1.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .4.

Students with Military Parents: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Students with Military Parents: 46.3; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Students with Military Parents: 45.1; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Students with Military Parents: 48.9.

Students with Military Parents; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 20.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 30.0; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 18.7.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 34.7; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 24.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 35.7.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 0.0; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): .2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
.4.

Preparatory School Graduates: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Preparatory School Graduates: 45.3; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Preparatory School Graduates: 45.0; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Preparatory School Graduates: 45.1.

Preparatory School Graduates; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 23.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 35.7; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 24.6.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 31.7; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 21.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 31.5.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .4; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): .2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .2.

U.S. Military Academy (percent): 44.5; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 
42.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 43.7.

[End of table]

21. To your knowledge, how are members of the following groups treated 
at the Academy in general, relative to other students?

Males; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 4.9; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 7.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
9.5.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 87.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 82.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 81.5.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.0; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
1.2.

Females: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Females: 6.8; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Females: 8.7; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Females: 7.8.

Females; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 11.3; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 9.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
9.7.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 70.9; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 67.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 68.2.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 10.3; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 13.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
14.4.

Whites/Caucasians: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Whites/Caucasians: 7.5; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Whites/
Caucasians: 9.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Whites/Caucasians: 
7.6.

Whites/Caucasians; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 3.5; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.1; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 4.1.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 87.8; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 85.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 84.6.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.4; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 2.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
1.7.

Blacks/African-Americans: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Blacks/African-Americans: 7.3; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Blacks/
African-Americans: 8.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Blacks/
African-Americans: 9.5.

Blacks/African-Americans; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 11.7; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 9.6; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 6.2.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 77.2; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 76.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 81.4.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.0; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
3.1.

Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos: 8.2; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos: 10.0; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos: 9.3.

Spanish/Hispanics/ Latinos; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 4.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 5.1; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 3.3.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 85.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 81.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 83.9.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.4; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 2.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
1.7.

Asians: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Asians: 9.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): Asians: 10.7; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Asians: 11.1.

Asians; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.1; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
1.3.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 88.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 84.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 86.4.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.4; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
.6.

American Indians/Alaska Natives: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): American Indians/Alaska Natives: 9.5; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): American Indians/Alaska Natives: 11.7; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): American Indians/Alaska Natives: 11.7.

American Indians/Alaska Natives; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 1.6; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.2; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 2.1.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 82.4; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 75.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 81.9.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.1; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
1.1.

Native Hawaiians/ Other Pacific Islanders: Do not know; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): Native Hawaiians/ Other Pacific Islanders: 14.9; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Native Hawaiians/ Other Pacific 
Islanders: 19.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Native Hawaiians/ 
Other Pacific Islanders: 14.9.

Native Hawaiians/ Other Pacific Islanders; Preferential treatment; U.S. 
Military Academy (percent): 1.2; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 2.3; 
U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 1.3.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 82.9; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 76.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 82.8.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .9; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 1.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .6.

Varsity Athletes: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Varsity 
Athletes: 14.9; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Varsity Athletes: 20.2; 
U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Varsity Athletes: 15.3.

Varsity Athletes; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 56.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 55.2; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 62.9.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 34.8; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 32.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 27.7.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.7; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 3.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
3.5.

Non-Varsity Athletes: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
Non-Varsity Athletes: 7.1; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Non-Varsity 
Athletes: 9.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Non-Varsity Athletes: 
5.9.

Non-Varsity Athletes; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 2.5; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.3; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 5.6.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 83.7; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 84.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 77.0.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 5.8; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 4.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
9.1.

Prior Enlisted: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Prior 
Enlisted: 8.1; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Prior Enlisted: 10.5; U.S. 
Air Force Academy (percent): Prior Enlisted: 8.3.

Prior Enlisted; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 6.5; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 2.4; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): .2.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 82.8; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 83.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 84.6.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.1; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
2.1.

Students with Military Parents: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Students with Military Parents: 9.7; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Students with Military Parents: 12.2; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Students with Military Parents: 13.1.

Students with Military Parents; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 10.7; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 7.2; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 8.7.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 79.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 79.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 78.0.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 0.0; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): .2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
.2.

Preparatory School Graduates: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): Preparatory School Graduates: 10.2; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): Preparatory School Graduates: 13.1; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): Preparatory School Graduates: 13.1.

Preparatory School Graduates; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 4.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 2.7; U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 3.1.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 85.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 84.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 82.9.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): .7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .6.

Foreign Students: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): Foreign 
Students: 10.0; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): Foreign Students: 12.3; 
U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): Foreign Students: 13.3.

Foreign Students; Preferential treatment; U.S. Military Academy 
(percent): 18.4; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 9.0; U.S. Air Force 
Academy (percent): 19.5.

Same treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 67.3; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 73.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 66.5.

Discriminatory treatment; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.1; 
U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 1.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 
2.1.

2.1: Do not know; U.S. Military Academy (percent): U.S. Military 
Academy (percent): 12.3; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 16.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): U.S. Air 
Force Academy (percent): 11.9.

[End of table]

Moral Climate and Honor Code/Concept:

22. How much emphasis does the Academy place on the moral/ethical 
development of students, relative to what you think it should be?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .7; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): .8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 2.6.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 8.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 8.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 14.5.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 78.8; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 72.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 72.5.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 9.8; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 13.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 8.1.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 4.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 2.2.

[End of table]

23. To what extent is the Honor Code/Concept practiced as it is taught?

To little or no extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 2.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 7.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 6.5.

To some extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 19.8; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 24.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 29.1.

To a moderate extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 26.7; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 27.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 30.8.

To a great extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 39.0; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 36.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 27.9.

To a very great extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 11.9; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 4.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 5.7.

[End of table]

24. To what extent is the Honor Code/Concept fairly applied to students 
with similar violations?

To little or no extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 4.2; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 7.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 8.9.

To some extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 19.0; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 23.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 23.6.

To a moderate extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 23.9; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 27.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 26.4.

To a great extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 40.8; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 34.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 34.8.

To a very great extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 12.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 6.7; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 6.3.

[End of table]

25. How frequently have you witnessed academic cheating at the Academy?

Seldom or never; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 82.7; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 65.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 61.8.

On occasion; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 16.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 30.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 34.6.

Often; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .7; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 3.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 2.7.

Very often; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .2; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): .6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .8.

All or almost all the time; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 0.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 0.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 0.0.

[End of table]

Intercollegiate and Intramural Athletics:

26. How much emphasis does the Academy place on varsity intercollegiate 
athletics, relative to what you think it should be?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): .5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): .6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): .6.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 6.4; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 5.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 2.2.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 36.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 42.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 28.0.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 33.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 35.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 36.4.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 22.9; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 16.3; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 32.7.

[End of table]

27. How much emphasis does the Academy place on intramural athletics, 
relative to what you think it should be?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 1.8; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 2.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 2.3.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 18.5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 14.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 17.8.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 66.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 73.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 60.4.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 9.8; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 8.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 13.6.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.9; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 1.8; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 5.9.

[End of table]

28. How much emphasis does the Academy place on club athletics, 
relative to what you think it should be?

Greatly underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 5.7; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 3.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 15.8.

Generally underemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 22.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 20.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 28.4.

Emphasis is about right; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 59.1; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 66.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 45.9.

Generally overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 9.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 7.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 7.9.

Greatly overemphasized; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 3.6; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 2.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 2.0.

[End of table]

General:

29. To what extent are quality of life problems at the Academy openly 
confronted and/or solved?

To little or no extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 10.8; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 10.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 18.7.

To some extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 27.5; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 34.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 27.2.

To a moderate extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 33.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 31.9; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 31.3.

To a great extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 24.1; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 19.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 18.3.

To a very great extent; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 4.5; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 3.2; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 4.6.

[End of table]

Background Information:

30. At which Academy do you teach?

U.S. Military Academy; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 100.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 0.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 0.0.

U.S. Naval Academy; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 0.0; U.S. Naval 
Academy (percent): 100.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 0.0.

U.S. Air Force Academy; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 0.0; U.S. 
Naval Academy (percent): 0.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 100.0.

[End of table]

31. Are you a military or civilian member of the Academy faculty?

Military; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 79.0; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 43.1; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 71.6.

Civilian; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 15.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 44.0; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 13.9.

Civilian with prior military service; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 
5.6; U.S. Naval Academy (percent): 12.9; U.S. Air Force Academy 
(percent): 14.5.

[End of table]

32. Are you a graduate of one of the military academies?

No; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 51.5; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 70.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 64.4.

Yes; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 48.5; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 29.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 35.6.

[End of table]

33. Are you a tactical officer (USMA), company officer (USNA), or air 
officer commanding (USAFA)?

No; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 93.9; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 93.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 90.4.

Yes; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 6.1; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 6.5; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 9.6.

[End of table]

34. In the past 4 years, have you participated in the admissions 
process?

No; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 85.6; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 91.4; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 89.8.

Yes; U.S. Military Academy (percent): 14.4; U.S. Naval Academy 
(percent): 8.6; U.S. Air Force Academy (percent): 10.2.

[End of table]

35. How many years of full-time college teaching have you completed 
total and at the Academy specifically? Do not count teaching as a 
graduate student. Write the numbers of years in the space provided.

_____ Total years of full-time college teaching:

_____ Years of full-time college teaching at the Academy:

Note: Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.

[End of section]

Appendix IV: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments:

GAO Contact:

Sandra F. Bell (202) 512-8981:

Acknowledgments:

In addition to the individual named above, Gabrielle M. Anderson, Nancy 
L. Benco, Carolyn M. Boyce, Brian G. Hackett, and Joseph W. Kirschbaum 
also made key contributions to this report.

[End of section]

Related GAO Products:

Military Education: DOD Needs to Enhance Performance Goals and Measures 
to Improve Oversight of the Military Academies. [Hyperlink, http://
www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-03-1000] GAO-03-1000. Washington, D.C.: 
September 10, 2003.

Military Education: DOD Needs to Align Academy Preparatory Schools' 
Mission Statements with Overall Guidance and Establish Performance 
Goals. [Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-03-1017] GAO-
03-1017. Washington, D.C.: September 10, 2003.

DOD Service Academies: Problems Limit Feasibility of Graduates Directly 
Entering the Reserves. [Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/
getrpt?GAO/NSIAD-97-89] GAO/NSIAD-97-89. Washington, D.C.: March 24, 
1997.

DOD Service Academies: Comparison of Honor and Conduct Adjudicatory 
Processes. [Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO/NSIAD-95-
49] GAO/NSIAD-95-49. Washington, D.C.: April 25, 1995.

DOD Service Academies: Academic Review Processes. [Hyperlink, http://
www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO/NSIAD-95-57] GAO/NSIAD-95-57. 
Washington, D.C.: April 5, 1995.

DOD Service Academies: Update on Extent of Sexual Harassment. 
[Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO/NSIAD-95-58] GAO/
NSIAD-95-58. Washington, D.C.: March 31, 1995.

Coast Guard: Cost for the Naval Academy Preparatory School and 
Profile of Minority Enrollment. [Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-
bin/getrpt?GAO/RCED-94-131] GAO/RCED-94-131. Washington, D.C.: 
April 12, 1994.

Military Academy: Gender and Racial Disparities. [Hyperlink, http://
www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO/NSIAD-94-95] GAO/NSIAD-94-95. 
Washington, D.C.: March 17, 1994.

DOD Service Academies: Further Efforts Needed to Eradicate Sexual 
Harassment. [Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO/T-NSIAD-
94-111] GAO/T-NSIAD-94-111. Washington, D.C.: February 3, 1994.

DOD Service Academies: More Actions Needed to Eliminate Sexual 
Harassment. [Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO/NSIAD-
94-6] GAO/NSIAD-94-6. Washington, D.C.: January 31, 1994.

Academy Preparatory Schools. [Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/
getrpt?GAO/NSIAD-94-56R] GAO/NSIAD-94-56R. Washington, D.C.: October 
5, 1993.

Air Force Academy: Gender and Racial Disparities. [Hyperlink, http://
www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO/NSIAD-93-244] GAO/NSIAD-93-244. 
Washington, D.C.: September 24, 1993.

Military Education: Information on Service Academies and Schools. 
[Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO/NSIAD-93-264BR] GAO/
NSIAD-93-264BR. Washington, D.C.: September 22, 1993.

Naval Academy: Gender and Racial Disparities. [Hyperlink, http://
www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO/NSIAD-93-54] GAO/NSIAD-93-54. 
Washington, D.C.: April 30, 1993.

DOD Service Academies: More Changes Needed to Eliminate Hazing. 
[Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO/NSIAD-93-36] GAO/
NSIAD-93-36. Washington, D.C.: November 16, 1992.

DOD Service Academies: Status Report on Reviews of Student Treatment. 
[Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO/T-NSIAD-92-41] GAO/
T-NSIAD-92-41. Washington, D.C.: June 2, 1992.

Service Academies: Historical Proportion of New Officers During 
Benchmark Periods. [Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO/
NSIAD-92-90] GAO/NSIAD-92-90. Washington, D.C.: March 19, 1992.

DOD Service Academies: Academy Preparatory Schools Need a Clearer 
Mission and Better Oversight. [Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/
getrpt?GAO/NSIAD-92-57] GAO/NSIAD-92-57. Washington, D.C.: 
March 13, 1992.

Naval Academy: Low Grades in Electrical Engineering Courses Surface 
Broader Issues. [Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO/
NSIAD-91-187] GAO/NSIAD-91-187. Washington, D.C.: July 22, 1991.

DOD Service Academies: Improved Cost and Performance Monitoring Needed. 
[Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO/NSIAD-91-79] GAO/
NSIAD-91-79. Washington, D.C.: July 16, 1991.

Review of the Cost and Operations of DOD's Service Academies. 
[Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO/T-NSIAD-90-28] GAO/
T-NSIAD-90-28. Washington, D.C.: April 4, 1990.

(350373):

FOOTNOTES

[1] Students attending the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New 
York, and the U.S. Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado, are 
called "cadets," while those attending the U.S. Naval Academy, in 
Annapolis, Maryland, are called "midshipmen." We refer to cadets and 
midshipmen collectively as "students."

[2] H.R. Rept. 107-532, at 14-15 (2002).

[3] U.S. General Accounting Office, Military Education: DOD Needs to 
Enhance Performance Goals and Measures to Improve Oversight of Military 
Academies, GAO-03-1000 (Washington, D.C.: Sept. 10, 2003).

[4] U.S. General Accounting Office, Military Education: DOD Needs to 
Align Academy Preparatory Schools' Mission Statements with Overall 
Guidance and Establish Performance Goals, GAO-03-1017 (Washington, 
D.C.: Sept. 10, 2003). These schools exist to prepare selected students 
who are not ready academically to attend one of the academies.

[5] This number includes instructors and other academy staff who have 
contact with students.

[6] Students pledge not to lie, cheat, or steal as a fundamental guide 
to their conduct at the academies. This pledge is the basis for honor 
systems to investigate violations that are run by students and overseen 
by academy officials.

[7] Academy policies or practices that lead to unfair adverse treatment 
of a person or group based on race, ethnicity, gender, or religion.

[8] Derogatory comments, gestures, or other actions aimed at race, 
gender, religion, or ethnicity that interfere with an individual's 
performance or create an intimidating, offensive, or hostile 
environment, including unwanted sexual advances, requests for sexual 
favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature.

[9] Other sources for commissioned officers include Reserve Officer 
Training Corps programs at colleges and universities and Officer 
Candidate/Training Schools for individuals who already have college 
degrees.

[10] Pub. L. 107-314, Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2003, § 532, December 2, 2002.

[11] U.S. General Accounting Office, DOD Service Academies: More 
Actions Needed to Eliminate Sexual Harassment, GAO/NSIAD-94-6 
(Washington, D.C.: Jan. 31, 1994); DOD Service Academies: Update on 
Extent of Sexual Harassment, GAO/NSIAD-95-58 (Washington, D.C.: 
Mar. 31,1994); Naval Academy: Gender and Racial Disparities, GAO/NSIAD-
93-54 (Washington, D.C.: April 30, 1993); Air Force Academy: Gender and 
Racial Disparities, GAO/NSIAD-93-244 (Washington, D.C.: Sept. 
24, 1993); and Military Academy: Gender and Racial Disparities, GAO/
NSIAD-94-95 (Washington, D.C.: Mar. 17, 1994).

[12] GAO-03-1000.

[13] Each of the service academies periodically surveys its students 
and faculty on topics including academic workload, perceptions of 
discrimination and harassment, application of the honor code/concept, 
and the quality of campus services.

[14] U.S. General Accounting Office, Air Force Academy: Gender and 
Racial Disparities, GAO/NSIAD-93-244 (Washington, D.C.: Sept. 
24, 1993).

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