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Public Health Service officers in uniform at the Montauk Point, New York, Quarantine Station. An Act of Congress in 1870 formally organized the Marine Hospital Service as a national agency with centralized administration under a medical officer, the Supervising Surgeon, who was later given the title of Surgeon General. The Service was reorganized along military lines, with uniforms, entrance examinations, and tenure and promotion on the basis of merit, free from politics. Gradually, local physicians were replaced with medical officers, who were admitted only after examination and were subject to assignment wherever required.
1898
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