The Industrial College of the Armed Forces (ICAF)
has served the Nation for over 79 years, preparing military officers
and civilian government officials for leadership and executive positions
in the field of national security. Established in 1924 in the aftermath
of America’s mobilization difficulties in World War I, its
predecessor, the Army Industrial College, focused on wartime procurement
and mobilization procedures. Bernard M. Baruch, who was a prominent
Wall Street speculator and Chairman of the War Industries Board,
is regarded as one of the founding fathers.
With a unique and defining mission, the Army Industrial
College rapidly expanded. The College was closed during World War
II and then re-opened two years later in 1943 in the Pentagon. Before
World War II ended, senior Army officers, including General Dwight
D. Eisenhower (graduate of the Army Industrial College class of
1933 and instructor at the College for four years), supported the
concept of a joint war college. In 1946, the name of the College
changed to the Industrial College of the Armed Forces. ICAF moved
to Fort NcNair, near the newly founded National War College, and
began the 10-month course. In 1948, Secretary of Defense James V.
Forrestal removed the College from the Army’s jurisdiction
and formally reconstituted it “as a joint educational institution
under the direction of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.”
ICAF moved into a newly constructed facility, Eisenhower
Hall, in 1960. During the next several years, a period that Baruch
termed the Cold War, the ‘character’ of ICAF changed
dramatically. As the United States found itself increasingly involved
in Vietnam, ICAF shifted to educating leaders to manage logistical
resources in such conflicts, as opposed to focusing on national
industrial mobilization. Student demographics changed as well, and
the first woman and African American students graduated in 1973.
In 1976, ICAF became part of the newly established
National Defense University. In response to the Goldwater-Nichols
Defense Reorganization Act of 1986, which called for substantially
increased attention to joint military education, ICAF continued
to expand its curriculum by adding an acquisition course. In 1991,
the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff gave responsibility to
ICAF to educate the Senior Acquisition Corps (military and civilian)
of all Services and the Department of Defense. In 1993, Congress
passed legislation authorizing the Industrial College to award Master’s
degrees, starting with the graduates of the Class of 1994.
The mission of ICAF today is to prepare selected
military officers and civilians for senior leadership positions
by conducting postgraduate, executive-level courses of study and
associated research dealing with the resource component of national
power, with special emphasis on materiel acquisition and joint logistics,
and their integration into national security strategy for peace
and war. ICAF awards its graduates a Master of Science degree in
National Resource Strategy.
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