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Publications on Major Findings By
Health Outcomes
ACE Study publications link adverse childhood experiences to a range of
health outcomes. Each of the following topics will link you to publications
which include that outcome as a major finding.
Overview/Commentaries
Commentary
Anda RF, Brown DW. Root Causes and Organic Budgeting:
Funding Health from Conception to the Grave. Ped Health.
2007;1(2):141–143.
Foege WH.
Adverse childhood experiences: A public health perspective
(editorial). American Journal of Preventive Medicine,
1998;14:354–355.
Weiss JS, Wagner SH.
What explains the negative consequences of
adverse childhood experiences on adult health? Insights from cognitive
and neuroscience research (editorial). American Journal of Preventive
Medicine, 1998;14:356–360.
Whitfield CL.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Trauma (editorial).
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 1998;14:361–363.
Edwards, VJ, Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Anda RF.
It's OK to ask
about past abuse. American Psychologist. 2007 62(4):327–328.
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Overview
Edwards, VJ, Anda, RF, Dube, SR, Dong, M, Chapman, DF,
& Felitti, VJ. (2005). The wide-ranging health consequences of adverse
childhood experiences. In Kathleen Kendall-Tackett and Sarah Giacomoni
(eds.) Victimization of Children and Youth: Patterns of Abuse, Response
Strategies, Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V,
Koss MP, Marks, JS.
The relationship of adult health status to childhood
abuse and household dysfunction. American Journal of Preventive
Medicine, 1998;14:245-258.
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Chronic Disease
Health-Related Quality of Life
Edwards, VJ, Anda, RF, Felitti, VJ, & Dube, SR. (2003).
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health-Related Quality of Life as an
Adult. In K. Kendall-Tackett (ed.) Victimization and Health, American
Psychological Association.
Corso, PS, Edwards, VJ, Fang, X, Mercy, JA..
Health-related quality of life among adults who experienced maltreatment
during childhood. Am J Public Health, 2008;98:1094-1100.
Liver Disease
Dong M, Anda RF, Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Giles WH.
Adverse
Childhood Experiences and Self- reported Liver Disease: New Insights
into a Causal Pathway. Archives of Internal Medicine,
2003;163:1949–1956.
Ischemic Heart Disease
Dong M, Giles WH, Felitti VJ, Dube, SR, Williams JE, Chapman DP,
Anda RF.
Insights into causal pathways for ischemic heart disease:
Adverse Childhood Experiences Study. Circulation, 2004;110:1761–1766.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Anda RF, Brown DW, Dube SR, Bremner JD, Felitti VJ, Giles WH.
Adverse Childhood
Experiences and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Adults. Am J
Prev Med. 2008;34(5):396-403.
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Health Risk Behaviors
Alcohol Abuse
Dube SR, Miller JW, Brown DW, Giles WH, Felitti VJ, Dong
M, Anda RF.
Adverse childhood experiences and the association with ever using
alcohol and initiating alcohol use during adolescence. Journal of
Adolescent Health. 2006;38(4):444.e1-444.e10.
Anda RF, Whitfield CL, Felitti VJ, Chapman D, Edwards VJ, Dube SR,
Williamson DF.
Adverse childhood experiences, alcoholic parents, and
later risk of alcoholism and depression. Psychiatric Services, 2002;53(8):1001–1009.
Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Edwards VJ, Croft JB.
Adverse
Childhood Experiences and personal alcohol abuse as an adult. Addictive
Behaviors, 2002;27(5):713–725.
Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Croft JB, Edwards VJ, Giles WH.
Growing up with Parental alcohol abuse: Exposure to Childhood Abuse,
Neglect and Household Dysfunction. Child Abuse and Neglect, 2001;25(12):1627–1640.
Drug Abuse
Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Dong M, Chapman DP, Giles WH, Anda RF.
Childhood Abuse, Neglect and Household Dysfunction and the Risk of Illicit
Drug Use: The Adverse Childhood Experience Study. Pediatrics,
2003;111(3):564–572.
Obesity
Williamson DF, Thompson, TJ, Anda, RF,. Dietz, WH, Felitti VJ.
Body Weight, Obesity, and Self-Reported Abuse in Childhood. International
Journal of Obesity, 2002;26:1075–1082.
Sexual Risk Behavior
Hillis SD, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Marchbanks PA.
Adverse childhood
experiences and sexual risk behaviors in women: a retrospective cohort
study. Family Planning Perspectives, 2001;33:206–211.
Smoking
Edwards, VJ, Anda RF, Gu D, Dube, S R, Felitti, VJ.
Adverse childhood experiences and smoking persistence in adults with
smoking-related symptoms and illness*. Permanente Journal
2007;11:5–7.
Anda RF, Croft JB, Felitti VJ, Nordenberg D, Giles WH, Williamson
DF, Giovino GA.
Adverse childhood experiences and smoking during
adolescence and adulthood. Journal of the American Medical
Association, 1999; 282:1652–1658.
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Mental Health
Autobiographical Memory Disturbances
Edwards, VJ, Fivush, R, Anda, RF, Felitti,
VJ, and Nordenberg, DF. Autobiographical memory disturbances
in childhood abuse survivors. In J.J. Freyd and A.P. DePrince (Eds.)
Trauma and Cognitive Science: A meeting of minds, science, and human
experience. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press. Also published in Aggression,
Maltreatment, and Trauma (2001).
Depression/Depressed Affect
Anda RF, Brown DW, Felitti VJ, Bremner JD, Dube SR,
Giles WH.
Adverse childhood experiences and prescribed psychotropic
medications in adults. Am J Prev Med. 2007 May;32(5):389–94.
Chapman DP, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Dube SR, Edwards VJ, Whitfield CL.
Epidemiology of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Depressive
Disorders In a Large Health Maintenance Organization Population. Journal
of Affective Disorders, 2004;82:217–225.
Edwards, V. J., Holden, G. W., Anda, R. F., & Felitti, V. J.
Experiencing Multiple Forms of Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Mental
Health: Results from the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study.
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2003;160(8):1453–1460.
Anda RF, Whitfield CL, Felitti VJ, Chapman D, Edwards VJ, Dube SR,
Williamson DF.
Adverse childhood experiences, alcoholic parents, and
later risk of alcoholism and depression. Psychiatric Services, 2002;53(8):1001–1009.
Edwards, VJ, Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Anda RF. It's OK to ask about past
abuse. American Psychologist. 2007 62(4):327–328.
Hallucinations
Whitfield CL, Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Anda RF.
Adverse childhood experiences and hallucinations. Child Abuse and
Neglect. 2005;29(7):797-810.
Neurobiology
Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Bremner JD, Walker JD, Whitfield C,
Perry BD, Dube SR, Giles WH.
The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in
childhood A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology.
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2005;
[Epub ahead of print]
Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Walker J, Whitfield, CL, Bremner
JD, Perry BD, Dube SR, Giles WH.
The Enduring Effects of Abuse and
Related Adverse Experiences in Childhood: A Convergence of Evidence from
Neurobiology and Epidemiology. European Archives of Psychiatry and
Clinical Neurosciences, 2006; 56(3):174–86.
Suicidality
Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Chapman D, Williamson DF, Giles WH.
Childhood abuse, household dysfunction and the risk of attempted suicide
throughout the life span: Findings from Adverse Childhood Experiences
Study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 2001;286:3089–3096.
Work Absenteeism
Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Fleisher VI, Edwards VJ, Whitfield CL, Dube SR,
Williamson DF. Childhood Abuse, Household Dysfunction and Indicators of
Impaired Worker Performance in Adulthood. The Permanente Journal, 2004;8(1):30–38.
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Methodological Issues
Age Cohort Differences
Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Dong M, Giles WH, Anda RF.
The Impact of
Adverse Childhood Experiences on Health Problems: Evidence from Four
Birth Cohorts Dating Back to 1900. Preventive Medicine, 2003;37(3):268–277.
Assessment of Mediating Pathways
Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Fleisher VI, Edwards VJ, Whitfield CL, Dube SR,
Williamson DF. Childhood Abuse, Household Dysfunction and Indicators of
Impaired Worker Performance in Adulthood. The Permanente Journal,
2004;8(1):30–38.
Dong M, Giles WH, Felitti VJ, Dube, SR, Williams JE, Chapman DP, Anda
RF.
Insights into causal pathways for ischemic heart disease: The Adverse
Childhood Experiences Study. Circulation, 2004;110:1761–1766.
Anda RF, Chapman DP, Felitti VJ, Edwards V, Williamson DF, Croft JP,
Giles WH.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk of Paternity in Teen
Pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2002;100(1): 37–45.
Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Chapman D, Williamson DF, Giles WH.
Childhood abuse, household dysfunction and the risk of attempted suicide
throughout the life span: Findings from Adverse Childhood Experiences
Study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 2001;286:3089–3096.
Basis For ACE Score
Dong M, Anda RF, Felitti, VJ, Dube SR, Williamson DF, Thompson TJ,
Loo CM. Giles WH.
The Interrelatedness of Multiple Forms of
Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction. Child Abuse and
Neglect, 2004;28(7):771–784.
Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V,
Koss MP, Marks, JS.
The relationship of adult health status to childhood
abuse and household dysfunction. American Journal of Preventive
Medicine, 1998;14:245–258.
Bias Assessment
Brown DW, Anda RF, Felitti VJ.
Self-Reported Information and
Pharmacy Claims Were Comparable for Lipid-Lowering Medication Exposure. J Clin Epidemiol. 60(5):525–529.
Dube SR, Williamson DF, Thompson T, Felitti VJ, Anda RF.
Assessing the Reliability of Retrospective Reports of Adverse Childhood
Experiences Among Adult HMO Members Attending a Primary Care Clinic.
Child Abuse and Neglect, 2004;28(7):729–737.
Edwards, V.J., Anda, R.F., Nordenberg, D.F., Felitti, V.J.,
Williamson, D.F., Howard, N., & Wright, J.A.
An investigation of
response rate bias in an epidemiological study of child abuse. Child
Abuse & Neglect, 2001;25:307–312.
Consistency by Birth Cohort
Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Dong M, Giles WH, Anda RF.
The Impact of
Adverse Childhood Experiences on Health Problems: Evidence from Four
Birth Cohorts Dating Back to 1900. Preventive Medicine, 2003;37(3):268–277.
Interrelation of ACEs
Dong M, Anda RF, Felitti, VJ, Dube SR, Williamson DF, Thompson TJ,
Loo CM. Giles WH. .
The Interrelatedness of Multiple Forms of
Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction. Child Abuse and
Neglect, 2004;28(7):771–784.
Dong M, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Dube SR, Giles WH.
The Relationship of
Exposure to Childhood Sexual Abuse to Other Forms of Abuse, Neglect and
Household Dysfunction during Childhood. Child Abuse and Neglect, 2003;27(6):625–639.
Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Edwards VJ, Williamson DF.
Exposure to
abuse, neglect and household dysfunction among adults who witnessed
intimate partner violence as children. Violence and Victims, 2002:17(1):3–17.
Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Croft JB, Edwards VJ, Giles WH.
Growing
up with Parental alcohol abuse: Exposure to Childhood Abuse, Neglect and
Household Dysfunction. Child Abuse and Neglect, 2001;25(12):1627–1640.
Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V,
Koss MP, Marks, JS.
The relationship of adult health status to childhood
abuse and household dysfunction. American Journal of Preventive
Medicine, 1998;14:245–258.
Severity/Frequency of Violent Experience
Whitfield CL, Anda RF, Dube SR, Felitti VJ. Violent Childhood
Experiences and the Risk of Intimate Partner Violence in Adults:
Assessment in a Large Health Maintenance Organization. Journal of
Interpersonal Violence, 2003;18(2):166–185.
Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Chapman DP, Croft JB, et al.
Abused boys, battered
mothers, and male involvement in teen pregnancy. Pediatrics, 2001;107(2):e19.
Test-Retest Reliability
Dube SR, Williamson DF, Thompson T, Felitti VJ, Anda RF.
Assessing the Reliability of Retrospective Reports of Adverse Childhood
Experiences Among Adult HMO Members Attending a Primary Care Clinic.
Child Abuse and Neglect, 2004:28(7):729–737.
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Reproductive Health/Sexual Behavior
Fetal Death
Hillis SD, Anda RF, Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Marchbanks PA, Marks JS.
The
Association Between Adolescent Pregnancy, Long-Term Psychosocial Outcomes,
and Fetal Death. Pediatrics, 2004;113(2):320–327.
Promiscuity
Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V,
Koss MP, Marks, JS.
The relationship of adult health status to childhood
abuse and household dysfunction. American Journal of Preventive
Medicine, 1998;14:245-258.
Sexual Risk Behaviors in Women
Hillis SD, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Marchbanks PA.
Adverse childhood
experiences and sexual risk behaviors in women: a retrospective cohort
study. Family Planning Perspectives, 2001;33:206–211.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Hillis SD, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Nordenberg D, Marchbanks PA.
Adverse
childhood experiences and sexually transmitted diseases in men and
women: a retrospective study. Pediatrics, 2000;106(1):E11.
Teen Pregnancy
Hillis SD, Anda RF, Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Marchbanks PA, Marks JS.
The Association Between Adolescent Pregnancy, Long-Term Psychosocial
Outcomes, and Fetal Death. Pediatrics, 2004;113(2):320–327.
Anda RF, Chapman DP, Felitti VJ, Edwards V, Williamson DF, Croft JP,
Giles WH.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk of Paternity in Teen
Pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2002;100(1):37–45.
Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Chapman DP, Croft JB, et al.
Abused boys,
battered mothers, and male involvement in teen pregnancy. Pediatrics,
2001;107(2):e19.
Unintended Pregnancy
Dietz PM, Spitz AM, Anda RF, Williamson DF, McMahon PM, Santelli JS,
Nordenberg DF, Felitti VJ, Kendrick JS.
Unintended pregnancy among adult
women exposed to abuse or household dysfunction during their childhood.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 1999;282:1359–1364.
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Special Populations
Children of Alcoholics
Anda RF, Whitfield CL, Felitti VJ, Chapman D, Edwards VJ, Dube SR,
Williamson DF.
Adverse childhood experiences, alcoholic parents, and later
risk of alcoholism and depression. Psychiatric Services, 2002;53(8):1001–1009.
Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Croft JB, Edwards VJ, Giles WH.
Growing
up with Parental alcohol abuse: Exposure to Childhood Abuse, Neglect and
Household Dysfunction. Child Abuse and Neglect, 2001:25(12):1627–1640.
Child Sexual Abuse Victims
Dube SR, Anda RF, Whitfield, CL, Brown DW, Felitti VJ, Dong M, Giles WH.
Long-Term Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse by Gender of Victim.
American. Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2005;28:430–438.
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Victimization and Perpetration
Intimate Partner Violence
Whitfield CL, Anda RF, Dube SR, Felitti VJ. Violent Childhood
Experiences and the Risk of Intimate Partner Violence in Adults:
Assessment in a Large Health Maintenance Organization. Journal of
Interpersonal Violence, 2003;18(2):166–185.
Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Edwards VJ, Williamson DF.
Exposure to
abuse, neglect and household dysfunction among adults who witnessed
intimate partner violence as children. Violence and Victims,
2002:17(1):3–17.
Anda, RF, Felitti, VJ, Brown, DW, Chapman, D, Dong, M, Dube, SR, Edwards,
VJ, Giles, WH. (2006) Insights Into Intimate Partner Violence From the
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. In PR Salber and E Taliaferro,
eds. The Physician's Guide to Intimate
Partner Violence and Abuse, Volcano, CA: Volcano Press; 2006.
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Other Health and Social Issues
Dong M, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Williamson DF, Dube SR, Brown
DW, Giles WH.
Impact of residential mobility during childhood on health in
adults: The hidden role in Adverse Childhood Experiences. Archives of
Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. 2005;159:1104-1110.
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Date last reviewed: January 10, 2008
Date last modified: June 12, 2008
Content source: Division of Adult
and Community Health, National
Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion |
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