Year(s) |
Country |
Apparent or suspected origin |
Reported no. of human cases |
Reported no. (%) of deaths among cases |
Situation |
1967 |
Germany and Yugoslavia |
Uganda |
32 |
7 (21) |
Simultaneous outbreaks occurred in laboratory workers handling African green monkeys imported from Uganda [1]. |
1975
|
Johannes-
burg, South Africa |
Zimbabwe |
3 |
1 (33) |
A man with a recent travel history to Zimbabwe was admitted to hospital in South Africa. Infection spread from the man to his traveling companion and a nurse at the hospital. The man died, but both women were given vigorous supportive treatment and eventually recovered [2]. |
1980
|
Kenya |
Kenya |
2 |
1 (50) |
Recent travel history included a visit to Kitum Cave in Kenya's Mount Elgon National Park. Despite specialized care in Nairobi, the male patient died. A doctor who attempted resuscitation developed symptoms 9 days later but recovered [3]. |
1987 |
Kenya
|
Kenya |
1 |
1 (100) |
A 15-year-old Danish boy was hospitalized with a 3-day history of headache, malaise, fever, and vomiting. Nine days prior to symptom onset, he had visited Kitum Cave in Mount Elgon National Park. Despite aggressive supportive therapy, the patient died on the 11th day of illness. No further cases were detected [4]. |
1998-2000 |
Democratic Republic of
Congo (DRC)
|
Durba, DRC |
154 |
128 (83) |
Most cases occurred in young male workers at a gold mine in Durba, in the north-eastern part of the country, which proved to be the epicentre of the outbreak. Cases were subsequently detected in the neighboring village of Watsa [5]. |
2004-2005 |
Angola |
Uige Province, Angola |
252 |
227 (90) |
Outbreak believed to have begun in Uige Province in October 2004. Most cases detected in other provinces have been linked directly to the outbreak in Uige [6]. |
2007 |
Uganda |
Lead and gold mine in Kamwenge District, Uganda |
2 |
1 (50) |
Small outbreak, with 2 cases, one fatal, in young males working in a mine. To date, there have been no reported cases among health workers [7]. |
2008 |
Netherlands ex Uganda |
Cave in Maramagambo forest in Uganda, at the southern edge of Queen Elizabeth National Park |
1 |
1 (100) |
A 40-year-old Dutch woman with a recent history of travel to Uganda was admitted to hospital in the Netherlands. Three days prior to hospitalization, the first symptoms (fever, chills) occurred, followed by rapid clinical deterioration. The woman died on the 10th day of the illness. [8]. |
