Mauna Loa, Hawaii, United States [MLO]
Atmospheric Transport |
Description
Mauna Loa Observatory is located on the Island of Hawaii at an elevation of 3397 m on the northern flank of Mauna Loa volcano at 200 north. Established in 1957, Mauna Lao Observatory has grown to become the premier long-term atmospheric monitoring facility on earth and is the site where the ever-increasing concentrations of global atmospheric carbon dioxide were determined. The observatory consists of 10 buildings from which up to 250 different atmospheric parameters are measured by a complement of 12 NOAA/ESRL and other agency scientists and engineers.
GMD Projects at Mauna Loa, Hawaii
Carbon Cycle Surface Flasks
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Most Recent Sample Date |
---|---|---|---|
Carbon Dioxide | CO2 | 1969-08-20 | 2008-11-20 |
Methane | CH4 | 1983-05-06 | 2008-11-20 |
Carbon Monoxide | CO | 1989-07-07 | 2008-11-20 |
Molecular Hydrogen | H2 | 1989-07-07 | 2008-11-20 |
Nitrous Oxide | N2O | 1997-05-09 | 2008-11-20 |
Sulfur Hexafluoride | SF6 | 1997-05-09 | 2008-11-20 |
Carbon-13/Carbon-12 in Carbon Dioxide | d13C (CO2) | 1990-01-12 | 2008-11-20 |
Oxygen-18/Oxygen-16 in Carbon Dioxide | d18O (CO2) | 1990-01-12 | 2008-11-20 |
Carbon-13/Carbon-12 in Methane | d13C (CH4) | 1998-01-02 | 2008-07-10 |
methyl chloride | CH3Cl | 2005-08-10 | 2008-01-02 |
Benzene | C6H6 | 2007-03-13 | 2007-12-20 |
toluene | C7H8 | 2007-01-31 | 2007-12-20 |
D/H in Methane | dD (CH4) | 2005-04-06 | 2008-09-18 |
ethane | C2H6 | 2005-08-10 | 2008-01-02 |
ethene | C2H4 | 2005-08-10 | 2007-12-20 |
propane | C3H8 | 2005-08-10 | 2008-01-02 |
propene | C3H6 | 2005-08-10 | 2007-12-20 |
i-butane | i-C4H10 | 2005-08-10 | 2008-01-02 |
n-butane | n-C4H10 | 2005-08-10 | 2008-01-02 |
i-pentane | i-C5H12 | 2005-10-12 | 2008-01-02 |
n-pentane | n-C5H12 | 2005-08-10 | 2008-01-02 |
n-hexane | n-C6H14 | 2005-08-10 | 2007-12-20 |
wind speed | 1992-07-01 | 2008-12-04 | |
wind direction | 1992-07-01 | 2008-12-04 | |
ambient temperature | 1992-11-27 | 2004-09-22 | |
isoprene | C5H8 | 2007-01-31 | 2007-12-13 |
Carbon Cycle In Situ Observatory
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Most Recent Sample Date |
---|---|---|---|
Carbon Dioxide | CO2 | 1974-05-17 | 2008-12-10 |
Methane | CH4 | 1987-04-03 | 2008-12-10 |
Carbon Monoxide | CO | 1992-05-30 | 2008-12-10 |
HATS Flask Sampling
HATS In Situ Observatory
Aerosol Surface, Continuous Measurements
Ultraviolet Radiation
Surface Ozone
Dobson Ozone
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Most Recent Sample Date |
---|---|---|---|
Total Ozone | Total Ozone | 1963-12-26 | 2005-12-30 |
Ozonesonde
Trajectories
Lidar
Meteorology
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Most Recent Sample Date |
---|---|---|---|
wind speed 2 meters | 2008-01-01 | 2008-08-18 | |
Wind Direction 2 Meters | 2008-01-01 | 2008-08-18 | |
Wind Speed 10 Meters | 2008-01-01 | 2008-08-18 | |
Wind Direction 10 Meters | 2008-01-01 | 2008-08-18 | |
Wind Speed Top | 2008-01-01 | 2008-08-18 | |
Wind Direction Top | 2008-01-01 | 2008-08-18 | |
Barometric Pressure | 2008-01-01 | 2008-08-18 | |
Relative Humidity 2 Meters | 2008-01-01 | 2008-08-18 | |
Temperature 2 Meters | 2008-01-01 | 2008-08-18 | |
Temperature 10 Meters | 2008-01-01 | 2008-08-18 | |
temperature Top | 2008-01-01 | 2008-08-18 | |
Precipitation | 2008-01-01 | 2008-08-18 |