Provisional Formula Supplementation of Breast Milk Rates by Socio-demographic Factors,
Among Children Born in 2005
(Percent +/- half 95% Confidence Interval)
Socio-demographic Factors Number Formula Supplementation1
within first
2 days of life		 Number Formula Supplementation1
before 3
months of age		 Number Formula
Supplementation1 before 6
months of age
US National 11654 24.7±1.4 9139 38.3±1.8 6955 45.9±2.1
Sex
Male 5979 25.6±2.0 4631 39.5±2.5 3533 47.1±3.1
Female 5675 23.7±1.9 4508 37.2±2.4 3422 44.7±2.9
Race/ethnicity
American Indian or Alaska 372 20.0±6.6 296 38.0±10.0 218 38.2±9.3
Asian or Pacific Islander 871 31.9±5.6 746 47.4±7.3 605 52.5±8.5
       Asian 733 31.2±6.2 637 47.8±8.0 520 51.5±9.4
       Native Hawaiian and other 180 35.2±11.6 142 45.9±14.1 113 58.3±16.1
Black or African American 1353 32.1±4.1 992 47.8±4.9 662 58.0±5.8
White 9727 23.1±1.5 7641 36.6±1.9 5873 44.3±2.3
Hispanic or Latino 2565 32.8±3.1 2007 44.6±3.9 1441 51.6±4.9
Not Hispanic or Latino (NH) 9089 21.1±1.4 7132 35.5±1.8 5514 43.4±2.2
       NH Black or African American 1134 29.9±4.3 828 45.7±5.2 555 56.3±6.1
       NH White 7468 18.7±1.5 5868 33.0±2.0 4597 41.5±2.3
Birth Order
First Born 5910 23.1±1.9 4769 37.1±2.4 3680 45.0±2.9
Not First Born 5744 26.4±2.0 4370 39.8±2.5 3275 47.0±3.0
Receiving WIC2
Yes 4390 29.9±2.3 3141 43.3±3.0 2171 51.2±3.8
No, but eligible 523 20.1±7.1 438 28.1±8.5 364 34.3±9.7
Ineligible 6150 19.3±1.6 5060 34.3±2.1 4013 42.5±2.5
Maternal Age, Years
<20 214 32.1±10.6 126 44.7±15.3 74 52.5±21.3
20-29 3964 25.6±2.3 2877 39.4±3.2 2045 44.5±3.8
>=30 7476 23.8±1.7 6136 37.6±2.1 4836 46.5±2.5
Maternal Education
Not a High School Graduate 1210 36.7±4.5 902 47.8±5.6 636 55.7±6.8
High School Graduate 1835 22.8±2.8 1307 37.6±4.0 918 41.4±4.9
Some College 3165 23.1±2.5 2317 35.7±3.2 1662 40.9±4.0
College Graduate 5444 20.7±1.8 4613 35.7±2.2 3739 46.5±2.6
Maternal Marital Status
Married 9349 23.3±1.5 7610 36.6±1.9 5955 44.1±2.3
Unmarried3 2305 28.6±3.1 1529 44.5±4.3 1000 53.4±5.3
Residence
MSA4, Central City 5191 27.3±2.1 4117 40.1±2.6 3130 48.7±3.2
MSA, Non-Central City 4406 23.9±2.1 3466 38.2±2.8 2633 44.7±3.4
Non-MSA 2057 19.1±3.2 1556 32.6±4.1 1192 40.6±4.8
Poverty Income Ratio5, %
<100% 1868 30.0±3.5 1356 40.5±4.5 943 49.3±5.7
100%-184% 1629 26.4±3.9 1216 40.5±5.3 902 45.4±6.4
185%-349% 2788 19.3±2.3 2181 35.0±3.3 1703 41.5±3.7
≥350% 4336 20.1±2.0 3568 35.6±2.7 2777 44.6±3.2
1Formula supplementation is defined as supplementation of breast milk with formula (with or without other supplementary liquids or solids) among infants breastfed at the age specified (48 hours, 3 months, or 6 months). The denominator for the 2 day, 3 month, or 6 month rate is the number of infants breastfeeding at 2 days, 3 months, or 6 months, respectively.
2WIC = Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.
3Unmarried includes never married, widowed, separated, divorced.
4MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area defined by the Census Bureau.
5Poverty Income Ratio = Ratio of self-reported family income to the federal poverty threshold value depending on the number of people in the household.
Source: National Immunization Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services
Sample sizes appearing in the NIS breastfeeding tables are slightly smaller than the numbers published in other NIS publications due to the fact that in the DNPAO breastfeeding analyses, the sample was limited to records with valid responses to the breastfeeding questions.