1. C4I for the Warrior, Joint Staff, June 1992.

2. Hill and Ulrich, "JTIDS."

3. Hill and Ulrich, "JTIDS." "Spread spectrum is used to describe a class of modulation techniques in which the data stream is coded in such a way that the total transmission bandwidth is greater than the information bandwidth. If the spectrum spreading is done properly, the transmitted signal looks [sounds] to the unauthorized listener like wideband noise." As to frequency hopping, "it is a jammer evasion strategy rather than one which tries to resist or overcome the jammer. As the name implies, it is generated by hopping the signals in frequency. JTIDS is considered to be a fast frequency hopping system (thousand hops per second). But it is the dwell time (the number of hops per second) that is regarded as the single most important determination of jammer evasion capability. The shorter the dwell time, the greater the probability that the system will evade the jammer."

4. Dr. Carl E. Ellingson, Hill and Ulrich, "JTIDS."

5. Distributed Time Division Multiple Access (DTDMA), was fostered originally by the Navy to take advantage of its then existing organizational structures and to make use of existing TADILS. It is a channel-oriented architecture designed to permit separate concurrent communication channels.