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Comparisons with Independent Vertical Profiles
Site
ARM - Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (SGP) (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
BGI - Bradgate, Iowa (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
BNE - Beaver Crossing, Nebraska (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
BRM - BERMS, Saskatchewan, Canada (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
CAR - Briggsdale, Colorado (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
CMA - Cape May, New Jersey (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
DND - Dahlen, North Dakota (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
ESP - Estevan Point, British Columbia, Canada (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
FTL - Fortaleza, Brazil (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
FWI - Fairchild, Wisconsin (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
HAA - Molokai Island, Hawaii (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
HFM - Harvard Forest, Massachusetts (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
HIL - Homer, Illinois (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
LEF - Park Falls, Wisconsin (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
NHA - Worcester, Massachusetts (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
NWR - Niwot Ridge, Colorado (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
OIL - Oglesby, Illinois (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
PFA - Poker Flat, Alaska (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
RTA - Rarotonga, Cook Islands (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
SAN - Santarem, Brazil (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
SCA - Charleston, South Carolina (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
SGP - Southern Great Plains, Oklahoma (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
TGC - Sinton, Texas (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
THD - Trinidad Head, California (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
ULB - Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
VAA - Cartersville, Georgia (Discrete Aircraft, ESRL)
Time vs Height diagram of observed and modeled mole fractions of CO
2
. The observations (top panel) are from NOAA ESRL's aircraft program and were not used in CarbonTracker to constrain the fluxes. The color code indicates the mole fraction value according to the right hand side bar. All observations were co-sampled in CarbonTracker (bottom panel) for comparison. This is an independent verification of CarbonTracker's ability to represent the vertical structure of the atmosphere over time. Because almost all the measurements used to constrain fluxes in CarbonTracker were made in the boundary layer the vertical profiles provide an important validation of CarbonTracker's estimates of mole fractions of CO
2
in the free troposphere. We hope that future versions of CarbonTracker will exploit this information to constrain vertical mixing parameterizations and minimize seasonal biases observed in the free troposphere.
Time vs Height diagram of modeled
minus
observed mole fractions of CO
2
. The observations are from NOAA ESRL's aircraft program and were not used in CarbonTracker to constrain the fluxes. The color code indicates the difference in mole fraction value according to the right hand side bar. All observations were co-sampled in CarbonTracker (bottom panel) for comparison. This is an independent verification of CarbonTracker's ability to represent the vertical structure of the atmosphere over time. Large differences between CarbonTracker results and data can be attributed to misrepresentation of vertical mixing in the transport model and errors in the surface flux estimates. Differences between model and aircraft profiles will tend to be larger in areas not as well constrained by ground sites used in the CarbonTracker data assimilation system.
Time-of-year vs Height diagram of model
minus
observed mole fractions of CO
2
. The observations are from NOAA ESRL's aircraft program and were not used in CarbonTracker to constrain the fluxes. The color code indicates the difference in mole fraction value according to the right hand side bar. All observations were co-sampled in CarbonTracker (bottom panel) for comparison. This is an independent verification of CarbonTracker's ability to represent the vertical structure of the atmosphere over the season. Large differences between CarbonTracker results and data can be attributed to misrepresentation of vertical mixing in the transport model and errors in the surface flux estimates. Differences between model and aircraft profiles will tend to be larger in areas not as well constrained by ground sites used in the CarbonTracker data assimilation system.