Course	Title	Credits	Description
CE300	FUND OF ENGR MECH AND DESIGN	3	The engineering design process and the method of design are introduced. Principles of equilibrium are used to analyze forces on statically determinate rigid bodies and structures to include trusses and frames. The behavior of deformable bodies under axial, flexural, and torsional loading is examined. The concepts of stress, strain, and material properties are introduced and are used to relate external forces applied to a body to the resulting internal forces and deformations so that performance can be evaluated. Practical applications involving the design and adequacy of mechanical and structural elements under various loading conditions are emphasized.
CE302	STATICS & DYNAMICS	3	Statics & Dynamics examines the effect of forces acting on particles and rigid bodies. Vector mechanics is used extensively. The first part of the course, Statics, addresses the topics of equilibrium in two and three dimensions, to include distributed loads, trusses, frames, friction, and cables. The second part, Dynamics, begins with the study of kinematics, including translating and rotating reference frames and coriolis acceleration. The final block of the course deals with two dimensional kinetics methods of force-acceleration, work-energy, and impulse-momentum.
CE350	DSGN OF STRUC IN THEATRE OPS	3	Wind, snow, and gravity loads are introduced and students analyze the load path through a structure. The material properties of wood, masonry, concrete, and soil are introduced. Students apply the fundamental of allowable stress and deflection to design structural components using these materials. The course design project is a structural system in the Theatre of Operations. A field trip and laboratory exercises add realism and context to the design experience.
CE371	SOIL MECHANICS/FNDTN ENGNRG	3.5	Soil Mechanics is the study of soil properties which govern the use of soil as a construction or foundation material. The course is devoted to describing soils, analyzing soil stresses, determining consolidation settlement, designing earth embankments, determining earth pressures, and designing foundations based upon applicable engineering principles and recognition of the fundamental concepts of soil behavior. During laboratory periods the student will examine soil properties and extract necessary parameters for design.
CE380	HYDROLOGY/HYDRAULIC DESIGN	3.5	This course studies both hydrology, which is the study of occurrence, movement and distribution of rainfall, and hydraulic design, which is the application of fluid mechanics and other science an engineering disciplines in the design of structures and development of water resources. Hydrologic principles are applied to model and analyze the distribution and movement of rainfall in a watershed. Hydraulic principles are applied to analyze and design flow through systems of reservoirs, channels and culverts. The course makes extensive use of computer simulation models used in engineering practice.
CE400	CIVIL ENGR PROF PRACTICE	1	This seminar consists of 13 class attendances during the spring semester and includes all First Class cadets in the Civil Engineering major. The course focuses on issues related to the professional practice of civil engineering, and is intended to augment and enrich the cadets' CE492 Capstone design experience. Topics include professional roles and responsibilities, professional registration, continuing education, engineering ethics, procurement of work, competitive bidding, quality-based selection processes, and construction management. Cadets are also introduced to the design and construction processes used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The seminar will include presentations by guest lecturers on topics of current interest in the field of civil engineering. Guest lecturers will be primarily civil engineering practitioners, providing the students an opportunity to interact with professionals in their major field of interest.
CE403	STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS	3	This course addresses the analysis and design of basic structural forms such as beams, trusses, and frames, which are found in bridges and buildings. Classical deflection techniques such as direct integration and virtual work; and indeterminate analysis techniques such as the force method and displacement methods (slope deflection, direct stiffness and moment distribution) are used to determine forces and deflections in elastic structures. Structural analysis computer programs are introduced and directly applied in the solution of graded analysis and design problems. Approximate analysis techniques are used to check the general accuracy of computer-based results.
CE460	CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT	3	This course provides in-depth study of special studies in construction planning and management. The course covers life-cycle facility management to include planning, programming, design, bid, and construction. Students will learn how commercial construction projects are planed and executed. Major blocks in the course include project scope definition, construction estimating (budget estimates and detailed estimate), scheduling (Critical Path Networks and computer scheduling tools), and management controls (progress reporting, payments, change order control, project closeout) during construction.
CE489	ADV IND STUDY CIVIL ENGRING	3	The cadet, on an individual or small group basis, pursues advanced study of a research or design topic in civil engineering. The scope of the course is tailored to the needs of the project and desires of the cadet, in consultation with the Faculty Advisor. The cadet is required to define and analyze the problem, study the fundamentals involved, organize an approach, determine a procedure, perform research and/or achieve a solution, submit a written report, and give a formal briefing.
CE489A	ADV IND STUDY CIVIL ENGRING	3	The cadet, on an individual or small group basis, pursues advanced study of a research or design topic in civil engineering. The scope of the course is tailored to the needs of the project and desires of the cadet, in consultation with the Faculty Advisor. The cadet is required to define and analyze the problem, study the fundamentals involved, organize an approach, determine a procedure, perform research and/or achieve a solution, submit a written report, and give a formal briefing.
CE490	TOPICS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING	3	This course provides in-depth study of a special topic in engineering mechanics or in structural, geotechnical, environmental, water resources, construction, or transportation engineering not offered elsewhere in the USMA curriculum. The course is intended to broaden the cadet's exposure to the civil engineering discipline. Course content will be based on the special expertise of the visiting professor or a senior civil engineering faculty member.
CE492	DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS	3	This course provides an opportunity for cadets to apply and synthesize their knowledge of structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, hydrology, hydraulic engineering, construction management and engineering economics in an open-ended, realistic, semester-long, capstone design experience. Working in teams, cadets develop functional requirements for a proposed project then perform the civil engineering designs for this facility. Execution of the design requires extensive use of computer-based analysis and design tools. The products of this effort include a comprehensive design report including drawings, a model of the facility, and a briefing to the client. The integrated design experience is augmented by formal classroom instruction in civil engineering systems design and advanced topics in civil engineering component design. This course constitutes the integrative experience for cadets majoring in civil engineering and civil engineering studies.
CH101	GENERAL CHEMISTRY I	3.5	This course provides a solid background in chemistry principles and applications. It includes a study of the nature of matter, its atomic and molecular structure, and the associated energies involved. Fundamental concepts, principles, theories, and laws of chemistry are stressed. Stoichiometry, states of matter, solutions, kinetics, thermodynamics, acid-base and redox equilibria, electro-, organic, and nuclear chemistry are stressed. The course also provides the student with a strong foundation in materials chemistry, the chemistry of life, environmental chemistry, and military chemistry. A laboratory program is integrated within the course and is designed to develop an appreciation of classical and modern investigative techniques and to illustrate fundamental concepts.
CH102	GENERAL CHEMISTRY II	3.5	This course provides a solid background in chemistry principles and applications. It includes a study of the nature of matter, its atomic and molecular structure, and the associated energies involved. Fundamental concepts, principles, theories, and laws of chemistry are stressed. Stoichiometry, states of matter, solutions, kinetics, thermodynamics, acid-base and redox equilibria, electro-, organic, and nuclear chemistry are stressed. The course also provides the student with a strong foundation in materials chemistry, the chemistry of life, environmental chemistry, and military chemistry. A laboratory program is integrated within the course and is designed to develop an appreciation of classical and modern investigative techniques and to illustrate fundamental concepts.
CH152	ADV GENERAL CHEMISTRY II	3.5	An advanced coverage of the concepts and principles covered in CH101-102 including a more in-depth laboratory program with emphasis on instrumental analysis.
CH357	MICROBIOLOGY	3.5	This course introduces the diversity of microorganisms in all three domains of life. The course covers prokaryotic cell structure and function, growth, genetics, and metabolism. The course will survey five major groups of microorganisms: eubacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi and viruses including ecology, their role in human disease and their applications in medicine, industry and warfare. Cadets have the opportunity to explore both a viral and a bacterial disease in-depth and present their findings in a briefing and a paper. The 18-hour laboratory program focuses on practical applications of concepts covered in class, with a particular emphasis on the eubacteria. The lab program culminates with a hands-on laboratory examination.
CH362	MASS & ENERGY BALANCES	3	Introduction to mass and energy balances in single phase and multiphase, nonreactive and reactive systems. Course topics include an introduction to engineering calculations and process variables, use of computers in solving chemical engineering problems, fundamentals of material balances in single-phase and multi-phase systems, energy balances on nonreactive and reactive processes, applications of combined material and energy balances, balances on transient processes, introduction to chemical engineering unit operations, and a general introduction to the field of chemical engineering.
CH364	CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING	3	This course studies the effects of chemical reaction kinetics on systems of engineering significance. It introduces selection and operation of commercial chemical reactors, emphasizing chemical kinetics and transport phenomena. It studies currently practiced engineering techniques associated with each of these reactors. Topics covered in this course include ideal reactors including batch, CSTR and PFR, isothermal and nonisothermal reactors, transient and steady state design, pressure drop in reactors, recycle, stability, and numerical methods.
CH371	INTRO TO ANALYTICAL CHEM	3.5	The course teaches the fundamental concepts of analytical chemistry. Topics include acid-base equilibria, redox potentials, compleximetric titrimetry, separations, electrochemistry, and absorption spectroscopy. The course provides an overview of modern analytical techniques being used in various fields. The course emphasizes the development of rigorous laboratory techniques and introduces the cadet to computer based data acquisition. Cadet laboratory work is evaluated in terms of the student's ability to accurately determine the identity and quantity of an unknown sample.
CH375	INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY	3.5	This course consists of an examination of the unity and diversity of life. It investigates why there are so many different life forms and proceeds through Mendelian Genetics, the discovery of cells and chromosomes, DNA replication, and genetic expression. These topics then serve as a foundation knowledge supporting the study of population genetics, biodiversity, bioenergetics, animal and plant physiology, population ecology and ecosystem ecology. Emphasis is placed on related course material to current environmental issues and disease, particularly as these areas apply to military operations.
CH384	ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II	3.5	The reactions of the important functional groups are explored: conjugated alkenes; aldehydes; ketones; carboxylic acids; and amines. The concept of aromaticity is explored and its mechanistic implications are developed. Selected topics in carbohydrate and lipid chemistry are also studied. Functional group interconversions and synthetic strategy are presented. The laboratory capstone synthesis introduces cadets to multi-step synthetic sequences.
CH385	INTRODUCTION TO CELL BIOLOGY	3.5	The course will cover the structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The course will present an introduction to biomolecules and detailed discussion of the cell cycle; DNA replication; gene structure, expression, and replication; organelle biogenesis; cell-to-cell signaling, and microtubules and filaments. Emphasis will be placed on research methods and techniques that have lead to our understanding of how the cell works. The course will conclude with a discussion of applications of cell biology to include cancer and immunity.
CH387	HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY	3	This course consists of an in-depth study of human physiology and the interrelationships between major organs and systems of the body. Topics will build on studies of cell structure and function covered in CH385. This course will concentrate on homeostatic reflex mechanisms of the human body. Major topics covered include neural physiology, muscles, cardiovascular physiology, respiratory physiology, renal physiology, digestion, immunology, and reproductive physiology. The laboratory program will concentrate on exposing cadets to histology and will culminate in a lab practical.
CH400A	LAB TCHNQS-ANALYTICAL CHEM	1.5	Subcourses are designed to provide in-depth knowledge and ability in specific laboratory techniques in chemistry, chemical engineering, and the life sciences. Each subcourse is designed to get the cadet into the lab and learn by hands-on doing of each technique taught. Cadets will select a specific subcourse for a given term after consultation and approval of a department academic counselor. Subcourses taught will vary each term in accordance with cadet interest and faculty expertise. A listing of specific subcourses being taught for a given term may be obtained from the Department of Chemistry. Course may be offered in the following subcourses: A: Analytical Chemistry; B: Biochemistry; C: Inorganic Chemistry; D: Molecular Biology; E: Chemical Engineering; F: Organic Chemistry; G: Polymer Chemistry; H: General Biology; I: Instrumental Analysis; J: Physical Chemistry; and K: Microbiology. Subcourse meeting times will be arranged at the beginning of each semester between the cadets in a given subcourse and the instructor(s).
CH400B	LAB TCHNQS-BIOCHEMISTRY	1.5	Subcourses are designed to provide in-depth knowledge and ability in specific laboratory techniques in chemistry, chemical engineering, and the life sciences. Each subcourse is designed to get the cadet into the lab and learn by hands-on doing of each technique taught. Cadets will select a specific subcourse for a given term after consultation and approval of a department academic counselor. Subcourses taught will vary each term in accordance with cadet interest and faculty expertise. A listing of specific subcourses being taught for a given term may be obtained from the Department of Chemistry. Course may be offered in the following subcourses: A: Analytical Chemistry; B: Biochemistry; C: Inorganic Chemistry; D: Molecular Biology; E: Chemical Engineering; F: Organic Chemistry; G: Polymer Chemistry; H: General Biology; I: Instrumental Analysis; J: Physical Chemistry; and K: Microbiology. Subcourse meeting times will be arranged at the beginning of each semester between the cadets in a given subcourse and the instructor(s).
CH400C	LAB TCHNQS-INORGANIC CHEM	1.5	Subcourses are designed to provide in-depth knowledge and ability in specific laboratory techniques in chemistry, chemical engineering, and the life sciences. Each subcourse is designed to get the cadet into the lab and learn by hands-on doing of each technique taught. Cadets will select a specific subcourse for a given term after consultation and approval of a department academic counselor. Subcourses taught will vary each term in accordance with cadet interest and faculty expertise. A listing of specific subcourses being taught for a given term may be obtained from the Department of Chemistry. Course may be offered in the following subcourses: A: Analytical Chemistry; B: Biochemistry; C: Inorganic Chemistry; D: Molecular Biology; E: Chemical Engineering; F: Organic Chemistry; G: Polymer Chemistry; H: General Biology; I: Instrumental Analysis; J: Physical Chemistry; and K: Microbiology. Subcourse meeting times will be arranged at the beginning of each semester between the cadets in a given subcourse and the instructor(s).
CH400D	LAB TCHNQS-MOLECULAR CHEM	1.5	Subcourses are designed to provide in-depth knowledge and ability in specific laboratory techniques in chemistry, chemical engineering, and the life sciences. Each subcourse is designed to get the cadet into the lab and learn by hands-on doing of each technique taught. Cadets will select a specific subcourse for a given term after consultation and approval of a department academic counselor. Subcourses taught will vary each term in accordance with cadet interest and faculty expertise. A listing of specific subcourses being taught for a given term may be obtained from the Department of Chemistry. Course may be offered in the following subcourses: A: Analytical Chemistry; B: Biochemistry; C: Inorganic Chemistry; D: Molecular Biology; E: Chemical Engineering; F: Organic Chemistry; G: Polymer Chemistry; H: General Biology; I: Instrumental Analysis; J: Physical Chemistry; and K: Microbiology. Subcourse meeting times will be arranged at the beginning of each semester between the cadets in a given subcourse and the instructor(s).
CH400E	LAB TCHNQS-CHEMICAL ENGR	1.5	Designed to provide in-depth knowledge and ability in specific laboratory techniques in chemical engineering. This course is designed to get the cadet into the lab and learn by hands-on doing of each technique taught. Meeting times will be arranged at the beginning of each semester between the cadet and the instructor.
CH400F	LAB TCHNQS-ORGANIC CHEM	1.5	Subcourses are designed to provide in-depth knowledge and ability in specific laboratory techniques in chemistry, chemical engineering, and the life sciences. Each subcourse is designed to get the cadet into the lab and learn by hands-on doing of each technique taught. Cadets will select a specific subcourse for a given term after consultation and approval of a department academic counselor. Subcourses taught will vary each term in accordance with cadet interest and faculty expertise. A listing of specific subcourses being taught for a given term may be obtained from the Department of Chemistry. Course may be offered in the following subcourses: A: Analytical Chemistry; B: Biochemistry; C: Inorganic Chemistry; D: Molecular Biology; E: Chemical Engineering; F: Organic Chemistry; G: Polymer Chemistry; H: General Biology; I: Instrumental Analysis; J: Physical Chemistry; and K: Microbiology. Subcourse meeting times will be arranged at the beginning of each semester between the cadets in a given subcourse and the instructor(s).
CH400G	LAB TCHNQS-POLYMER CHEM	1.5	Subcourses are designed to provide in-depth knowledge and ability in specific laboratory techniques in chemistry, chemical engineering, and the life sciences. Each subcourse is designed to get the cadet into the lab and learn by hands-on doing of each technique taught. Cadets will select a specific subcourse for a given term after consultation and approval of a department academic counselor. Subcourses taught will vary each term in accordance with cadet interest and faculty expertise. A listing of specific subcourses being taught for a given term may be obtained from the Department of Chemistry. Course may be offered in the following subcourses: A: Analytical Chemistry; B: Biochemistry; C: Inorganic Chemistry; D: Molecular Biology; E: Chemical Engineering; F: Organic Chemistry; G: Polymer Chemistry; H: General Biology; I: Instrumental Analysis; J: Physical Chemistry; and K: Microbiology. Subcourse meeting times will be arranged at the beginning of each semester between the cadets in a given subcourse and the instructor(s).
CH400H	LAB TCHNQS-GENERAL BIOLOGY	1.5	Designed to provide in-depth knowledge and ability in specific laboratory techniques in life science. This course is designed to get the cadet into the lab and learn by hands-on doing of each technique taught. Meeting times will be arranged at the beginning of each semester between the cadet and the instructor.
CH400I	LAB TCHNQS-INSTRMNTL ANALYS	1.5	Subcourses are designed to provide in-depth knowledge and ability in specific laboratory techniques in chemistry, chemical engineering, and the life sciences. Each subcourse is designed to get the cadet into the lab and learn by hands-on doing of each technique taught. Cadets will select a specific subcourse for a given term after consultation and approval of a department academic counselor. Subcourses taught will vary each term in accordance with cadet interest and faculty expertise. A listing of specific subcourses being taught for a given term may be obtained from the Department of Chemistry. Course may be offered in the following subcourses: A: Analytical Chemistry; B: Biochemistry; C: Inorganic Chemistry; D: Molecular Biology; E: Chemical Engineering; F: Organic Chemistry; G: Polymer Chemistry; H: General Biology; I: Instrumental Analysis; J: Physical Chemistry; and K: Microbiology. Subcourse meeting times will be arranged at the beginning of each semester between the cadets in a given subcourse and the instructor(s).
CH400J	LAB TCHNQS-PHYSICAL CHEM	1.5	Subcourses are designed to provide in-depth knowledge and ability in specific laboratory techniques in chemistry, chemical engineering, and the life sciences. Each subcourse is designed to get the cadet into the lab and learn by hands-on doing of each technique taught. Cadets will select a specific subcourse for a given term after consultation and approval of a department academic counselor. Subcourses taught will vary each term in accordance with cadet interest and faculty expertise. A listing of specific subcourses being taught for a given term may be obtained from the Department of Chemistry. Course may be offered in the following subcourses: A: Analytical Chemistry; B: Biochemistry; C: Inorganic Chemistry; D: Molecular Biology; E: Chemical Engineering; F: Organic Chemistry; G: Polymer Chemistry; H: General Biology; I: Instrumental Analysis; J: Physical Chemistry; and K: Microbiology. Subcourse meeting times will be arranged at the beginning of each semester between the cadets in a given subcourse and the instructor(s).
CH400K	LAB TCHNQS-MICROBIOLOGY	1.5	Subcourses are designed to provide in-depth knowledge and ability in specific laboratory techniques in chemistry, chemical engineering, and the life sciences. Each subcourse is designed to get the cadet into the lab and learn by hands-on doing of each technique taught. Cadets will select a specific subcourse for a given term after consultation and approval of a department academic counselor. Subcourses taught will vary each term in accordance with cadet interest and faculty expertise. A listing of specific subcourses being taught for a given term may be obtained from the Department of Chemistry. Course may be offered in the following subcourses: A: Analytical Chemistry; B: Biochemistry; C: Inorganic Chemistry; D: Molecular Biology; E: Chemical Engineering; F: Organic Chemistry; G: Polymer Chemistry; H: General Biology; I: Instrumental Analysis; J: Physical Chemistry; and K: Microbiology. Subcourse meeting times will be arranged at the beginning of each semester between the cadets in a given subcourse and the instructor(s).
CH400L	LAB TECHNIQUES - CHEMISTRY	1.5	Designed to provide in-depth knowledge and ability in specific laboratory techniques in chemistry. This course is designed to get the cadet into the lab and learn by hands-on doing of each technique taught. Meeting times will be arranged at the beginning of each semester between the cadet and the instructor.
CH402	CHEM ENGNRG PROCESS DESIGN	3	This course provides a capstone experience that brings together material from previous courses to examine problems in chemical engineering process design. It provides instruction in the conceptual design of process networks to achieve a design goal as well as the optimization of the network. It emphasizes use of computer simulations, theory of selected unit operations, process control and environmental and economic factors. The effect of changes in design on the economics of chemical production will be investigated. In addition, political and social aspects of chemical engineering design will be incorporated into the analysis of the capstone design project.
CH460	HUMAN ANATOMY	3.5	This course is designed to provide cadets with a detailed study of the anatomical structure of the human body. Body structure will be studied by organ systems and will involve a balance between gross anatomical study and histology. Form-function relationships will be emphasized. The laboratory study will involve working with human skeletal collections and virtual dissection of cadavers and preserved specimens. The 14-hour laboratory program focuses on structural identification (naming) of human and mammalian anatomy and various imaging modalities (e.g., radiographs, CT scans), and computer programs. Cadets that successfully complete this course will have a good understanding of human body structure, construction, and function.
CH471	APPLICATIONS OF POLYMER CHEM	3.5	This course is an introduction to modern polymer chemistry and engineering. It provides an introduction to macromolecules and their properties. It covers polymerization methods, copolymerization, the morphology of polymers, and the testing and characterization of polymer products. The course also introduces the flow properties of polymers, polymer additives, natural and biomedical polymers and modern polymer technology, including the military uses of polymer products.
CH472	INORGANIC CHEMISTRY	3.5	This course features an in-depth study of main group and transition elements and their compounds, with emphasis on chemical bonding and both atomic and molecular structures. The fundamentals of quantum chemistry to include the valence bond and molecular orbital theories as applied to inorganic chemistry are studied. An introduction to symmetry/group theory, coordination chemistry/crystal field theory, chemistry in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions, and organometallic compounds are also included in the course. Chemical principles and spectroscopic techniques will also be emphasized. Journal articles from the chemical literature are used to supplement the text with topics of current interest.
CH473	BIOCHEMISTRY	3.5	This course is an introduction to biochemical systems and concentrates on studying them from the molecular approach. Three themes are emphasized: 1) Structure - Function relationships, 2) Metabolism, and 3) Regulation of the systems and processes studied. The fundamental goals of the course are to provide students the basic knowledge of biochemistry and to give them a framework for analyzing problems and questions in life science studies. Additional emphasis is placed on familiarizing students with the experimental techniques used in biochemistry and their application to current issues of interest.
CH479	METHODS & APPS OF BIOTECH	3.5	This course is intended to reinforce topics learned in other life science courses by studying laboratory and practical applications of biotechnology. Laboratories will concentrate on biotechnology methods including purification, separation, and identification or DNA, RNA and protein. Other biotechnology techniques that will be studied include recombinant DNA techniques, PCR, and DNA sequencing. Classroom lessons will include discussions of assigned readings on the modern applications of biotechnology.
CH482	PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II	3.5	This course builds on the concepts covered in CH481 or CH480 through a study of the quantum mechanics of atoms and molecules, their interaction with radiation, and statistical thermodynamics. Some of the specific topics covered include the electronic structure of atoms and molecules, molecular geometry, molecular symmetry, several types of spectroscopy used for identification and monitoring of the local molecular environment, and the details of molecular motion. Various levels of theory are used to obtain increasingly more accurate descriptions of atomic and molecular systems with user-friendly software tools. Statistical thermodynamics enables understanding about the connection between the microscopic details in quantum mechanics and the macroscopic observations made in the laboratory. The laboratory program illustrates the fundamental topics through use of modern instrumental and computational methods.
CH487	INTRODUCTION TO SPECTROSCOPY	3	This course provides further development of the necessary theoretical background and an introduction to the spectroscopic methods applied to the study of molecular structure and species identification. Topics include electronic and vibrational energy levels of polyatomic molecules, optical selection rules, absorption, fluorescence, and photodissociation. Several of the laboratory assignments are experiments that will be conducted directly in the Photonics Research Center. These experiments may include Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Fourier transform and dispersive Raman spectroscopy, laser ablation, laser spectroscopy; and kinetics. Computer-based methods of data acquisition and analysis will be used throughout.
CH489	INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH I	3	Cadets normally make a commitment to complete both CH489 and CH490. Cadets will be offered a choice of projects and will consult with potential faculty advisors. The faculty advisor individually supervises the cadet in the research project selected by him/her and approved by the Department. The cadet, with the assistance of his/her faculty advisor, must obtain the necessary theoretical background, and develop the techniques and procedures required. Requirements include periodic oral and/or written reports over the course of the semester. At the completion of this course, cadets submit an interim report.
CH490	INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH II	3	This course is the completion of the individual research project began in CH489. Requirements include periodic oral and/or written reports over the course of the semester. At the completion of this course, cadets will submit a final report (research paper) and present an oral seminar.
CS300	COMPUTER SCIENCE FUNDAMENTALS	3	This is the first course for cadets enrolled in the computer science core engineering sequence. This course presents a thought-provoking introduction to key computer science concepts. Cadets develop their understanding of programming (to include modular design) and problem-solving skills begun in IT105, and build a foundation for further computer science studies by focusing on software, data organization, and other topics.
CS301	FUND OF COMPUTER SCIENCE	3.5	This is the first course for cadets enrolled in the computer science major and field of study. This course presents a thought-provoking introduction to the key concepts throughout the field. Cadets develop their understanding of programming (to include modular design) and problem-solving skills begun in IT 105, then launch their computer science studies by focusing on software, data organization, and other topics. Exercises in the design and implementation of software systems are required.
CS350	DATABASE DESIGN & IMPLEMENT	3	This course addresses the analysis, design and implementation of relational database applications. Implementation techniques and considerations are discussed and practiced extensively. Key concepts include analysis and design using a standardized notation such as the unified modeling language (UML), data model to logical schema conversion techniques, normalization, transaction processing, and client-server architectures.
CS384	DATA STRUCTURES	3	This course is designed to build on the cadet's basic programming knowledge. Major emphasis is placed on object-based design, programming methodology, algorithms and algorithm analysis, data structures, and abstract data types as tools for the analysis, design, and implementation of software modules to meet specified requirements. Cadets will learn and employ several well-known algorithms and data structures. Techniques of searching, sorting, recursion, and hashing will be examined. Data structures such as sets, heaps, linked lists, stacks, queues, and trees will be covered. A block-structured programming language reflecting comprehensive support for good software engineering principles will be the foundation of application-oriented exercises. Cadets will design software solutions by employing problem decomposition and selecting the appropriate algorithms and abstract data types.
CS385	DESIGN & ANALYS-ALGORITHMS	3	This course studies analysis of algorithms and the relevance of analysis to the design of efficient computer algorithms. Algorithmic approaches covered include greedy, divide and conquer, and dynamic programming. Topics include sorting, searching, graph algorithms, and disjoint set structure.
CS394	DISTRIB APPLICATION ENGRNG	3	Building on the foundations of algorithm implementation, data structures, data representation, and object oriented programming this course focuses on the principles of designing, implementing, and testing a modern distributed application. Cadets study the construction and interaction of user interface, network, web server, database, and other components to produce an integrated working secure system. Cadets will learn new tools and skills working as a team to analyze, design, and implement a system that solves a given problem. This is one of the courses that a Computer Science major can choose from a list of elective courses and the focus is on data structure concepts and object oriented programming.
CS400	COMPUTER SCIENCE SEMINAR	1	This seminar will meet once each week and will include all first class cadets majoring in computer science. The seminar topics will address the concerns of professional computer scientists and engineers such as the moral, legal, and ethical implications of computers and computer usage. Additionally, this course includes DOD initiatives and their effect on the computer science community.
CS402	SOFTWARE SYSTEMS DESIGN II	3.5	This course is the second in the senior-level sequence dealing with software systems. Cadet design teams work on client-focused projects. Cadets apply the principles of design and implementation and the issues involved in the production of a significant software-based system. Cadets employ the necessary techniques to assess project progress and quality in the various phases of the software development process. In this manner, they develop a greater depth of understanding of the "analyze, design, build, and test paradigm" required for software engineering projects.
CS403	OBJECT ORIENTED CONCEPTS	3	This course builds on the fundamental programming skills from prerequisite courses to explore advanced concepts used in modern object oriented software design to create software that is robust, reusable, and extensible in varying problem domains. Cadets gain confidence in their abilities to model, implement, and test solutions to demanding programming problems.
CS473	COMPUTER GRAPHICS	3	This course concerns computer programs that draw two- and three-dimensional objects on computer output devices and receive input from users through graphical input devices. Cadets implement interactive programs through a commonly available graphical application programmers’ interface (API). They learn about graphical hardware devices and the elegant algorithms that underlie the API, including elementary computational geometry, continuous time physical simulation, homogeneous transformations, parametric forms, clipping, shading, color, and surface rendering. These concepts are all illustrated with examples of military data visualization including two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional battle simulation and terrain visualization.
CS476	COMPILER DESIGN	3	Introduces the cadet to classical design including lexical analysis, symbol table construction, parsing, semantic analysis through attribute evaluation, code generation, and optimization. Related tools such as interpreters, text processors, and file processors are also discussed. Classroom presentation includes many demonstrations of operating compiler fragments and the study of real compiler internals. A multi-part, semester-long term project parallels the syllabus, providing the opportunity to put classroom discussion to immediate use in writing a compiler.
CS482	INFORMATION ASSURANCE	3.5	The focus area for this course is Information Assurance in the context of secure operation of networked computer systems. Topics covered include operating systems, information assurance, system and network security, and offensive and defensive information operations. A course project and term paper bring together the diverse concepts learned. In a culminating exercise, cadets develop and implement defensive measures to protect a production network from intrusions.
CS484	COMPUTER NETWORKS	3	This course provides cadets with an introduction to computer networks by breaking the subject into comprehensible parts and building a survey of the state of the art. The goal of the course is to provide each cadet with basic concepts necessary to understand the design and operation of computer networks. Taking a layered approach, it examines the internet with an emphasis on the TCP/IP protocol suite. Additionally, basic principles including multiplexing, switching, flow control, and error control are covered. Internetworking and its application to both local and wide area networks are also investigated. The course offers an understanding of the current status and future directions of technology and how technology relates to standards.
CS488	DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION	3	This course applies nearly all previous study of computer science to a specific problem domain essential to the Army - simulation technology. Cadets will learn the fundamental principles of event-based simulation, language-based representation of simulation models, and how models are implemented efficiently. Finally, they will learn how simulations are assessed and validated to determine their usefulness. A series of progressive implementation projects put learned concepts into practice.
CS489	ADV IND STUDY COMPUTER SCI	3	The detailed syllabus of this elective will be tailored to the specific project and to qualifications of the cadet. The research or study program will be proposed by the cadet or selected from those proposed by the department. The cadet will formalize a proposal, design a viable research plan, and conduct research under the guidance and supervision of a faculty advisor. The Head of the Department will approve cadet projects. Lessons and labs established by consultation between cadet and advisor.
CS489A	ADV IND STUDY COMPUTER SCI	3	Same as CS489.
EE300	FUNDAMENTALS OF DIGITAL LOGIC	3	This is a course for non-electrical engineering majors that covers the analysis, design, simulation, and construction of digital logic circuits and systems. The material in this course provides the necessary tools to design digital hardware circuits such as clocks and security devices, as well as computer hardware. The course begins with the study of binary and hexadecimal number systems, Boolean algebra, and their application to the design of combinational logic circuits. The first half of the course focuses on designs using small-scale integration (SSI) logic circuits, medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits, and programmable logic devices (PLDs) to implement combinational logic functions. The second half of the course emphasizes sequential logic circuits like counters and sequence recognizers, and also covers memory systems. Laboratory work in this half of the course focuses on using very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL) to simulate digital systems and to program those systems into PLDs. Throughout the course, the focus is on how the various digital hardware devices are used to perform the internal operations of a computer.
EE301	FUNDAMENTALS OF ELEC ENGIN	3.5	This first course in electrical engineering for the non-electrical engineering major provides a foundation in basic circuit theory and analysis, power in circuits and electric power systems, and analog electronics. Lectures, laboratory work, classroom demonstrations and discussions showing practical applications emphasize and illustrate the fundamental theories and concepts presented in the course. Engineering design is reflected in laboratory work and minor design problems.
EE302	INTRO ELECTRICAL ENGIN	3.5	This first course in electrical engineering provides a solid introduction to electric circuit theory. Fundamental principles and network theorems are developed using DC resistive circuits. The complete responses of RC, RL, and RLC circuits are obtained using classical and Laplace-transform techniques to solve the related differential equations. Electrical system transfer functions, time-domain and frequency-domain relationships, stability, frequency response, steady-state AC analysis, and power are also studied. Laboratory work, practical applications, and classroom demonstrations emphasize and illustrate the fundamentals presented in the course.
EE350	BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING	3	This is a course for non-electrical engineering majors that provides a foundation in basic circuit theory and analysis, power in circuits and electric power systems, and analog electronics. Lectures, laboratory work, classroom demonstrations and discussions showing practical applications illustrate the fundamental theories and concepts presented in the course. Engineering science is reflected in laboratory work.
EE360	DIGITAL COMPUTER LOGIC	3.5	This course covers the analysis, design, simulation, and construction of digital logic circuits and systems. The material in this course provides the necessary tools to design digital hardware circuits such as digital clocks and locks, as well as computer hardware. The course begins with the study of binary and hexadecimal number systems, Boolean algebra, and their application to the design of combinational logic circuits. The first half of the course focuses on designs using small-scale integration (SSI) logic circuits, medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits, and programmable logic devices (PLDs) to implement combinational logic functions. The second half of the course emphasizes sequential logic circuits like counters and sequence recognizers, and also covers memory systems. Laboratory work in this half of the course focuses on using very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL) to simulate digital systems and to program those systems into PLDs. As a final project, cadet teams design, build, and test a digital logic system such as a programmable alarm clock, digital lock, or burglar alarm.
EE375	INTRO TO COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE	3	This course provides an introduction to computer organization and computer architecture. It builds on digital logic theory and devices (as studied in EE360) to develop more complex systems. Emphasis is placed on understanding the basics of computer system organization, design, and operation. This includes the use of Register Transfer Language (RTL) to describe the movement of data in the computer and assembly language programming to control the system at a higher level. Additionally, students are introduced to modern engineering design tools through the use of VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) as they design, simulate and program a simple processor in 2 design projects. Other topics such as microprogram control, RISC architectures, arithmetic processing, input/output, and memory design are introduced. Finally, cadets study contemporary PC organization by examining the operation of a program at the register level.
EE377	ELECTRICAL POWER ENGNRNG	3	This course provides a study of the fundamentals in two areas of electric power engineering: electromechanical energy conversion and electric power systems. Steady-state behavior in single-phase and balanced three-phase power circuits is emphasized. The concept of per unit analysis is introduced and used throughout the course. Transformers, AC & DC machines, transmission lines, power systems, and power electronic devices are studied. Laboratory exercises demonstrate the electrical, mechanical, and physical characteristics of several of the systems studied. The cadet will apply analysis, design, build, and/or test techniques to a power related project.
EE383	ELECTROMAGN FIELDS & WAVES	3.5	This course is an introduction to electromagnetic fields, which are the foundation of electrical engineering. The course develops the mathematical tools (vector algebra and calculus) that are used to describe electromagnetic phenomena, and then reviews the experimental laws that led to the formulation of Maxwell's equations. We then solve Maxwell's equations to describe time-harmonic fields under various boundary conditions and at interfaces between dissimilar media. We study applications of electromagnetic field theory to transmission lines, antennas and waveguides. We conduct laboratory exercises that experimentally investigate these three applications.
EE400	ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SEM	1	This seminar will meet once each week and will include all first class cadets majoring in electrical engineering. The seminar topics will address the concerns of professional electrical engineers such as engineering ethics, economics, and licensing procedures. Design methodologies, reliability, and laboratory safety will also be taught in this seminar. DoD initiatives and their effect on the electrical engineering community will be presented. Much of the seminar material will be presented by guest lecturers from the military, industrial, and academic communities.
EE402	ELECTRONIC SYSTEM DESIGN II	3.5	This course is part of a two-semester team design experience in electrical engineering that integrates math, science, and engineering into a comprehensive system. The system design encompasses both analog and digital electronics, and may also include sub-systems. Projects are open-ended and must result in a product that performs within pre-determined or negotiated constraints. The system design problem draws from a variety of science and engineering experiences within the curriculum and requires significant cadet creativity and decision-making. Classroom instruction addresses design methodologies and common system components. Course requirements include periodic in-progress reviews, written and oral reports, and completion of the iterative design, build, and test cycle for a functional system. Factors such as feasibility, reliability, and life cycle costs must be assessed.
EE450	MILITARY ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS	3	This is a course for non-electrical engineering majors that explores both theoretical and practical aspects of designing electronic systems. First, the course investigates conversion between digital and analog signals, an essential operation for almost all battlefield information systems. Next, the course covers the engineering science (tools and techniques) required to analyze and design communication, signal processing, control and power systems. Simultaneously, we introduce simulation as an essential part of the design process. Finally, cadets complete the conceptual phase and either simulation or implementation of an electronic system design that has military relevance.
EE462	ELECTRONIC DESIGN	3.5	This course focuses on the design, simulation, building, and testing of a wide variety of application-oriented circuits based upon the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and operational amplifier (OPAMP). Applications of the BJT include current sources, active loads, differential amplifiers, and power amplifiers. OPAMP applications include active filters, oscillators, and comparators. Themes common to both the BJT and OPAMP include frequency response and feedback. The classroom material is supplemented with three labs, three mini-labs, and a comprehensive design project.
EE477	COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS	3	This course analyzes modern digital and analog communications systems. The study of digital communications systems includes waveform sampling, time multiplexing, digital modulation, and detection techniques. Amplitude, phase, and frequency modulation, are the major analog communications topics discussed. The television signal is presented as an example of AM and FM with frequency division multiplexing. Time and frequency domain analysis are the basis for study of bandwidth considerations, filtering, and channel and communication system modeling. The course employs basic concepts in information theory to characterize the data content of communication signals and Fourier analysis to characterize their waveform representations. The course concludes with an analysis of system performance limitation due to noise. This analysis addresses the statistical properties of noise in linear systems, signal-to-noise ratios, and probability of error. A communications system project brings these concepts to reality.
EE478	DIGITAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS	3	This course examines the most commonly recognized methods used in the design of telecommunications networks. Building on the fundamentals of communications theory, the operational characteristics of existing message-, circuit- and packet-switched networks are considered. The course progresses to problems and practical considerations involved in the optimal design of communications networks. A firm basis is provided in network topology, traffic representation, and link capacity assignment schemes. Cost and time delay optimization for centralized and distributed networks are investigated. Queuing theory is presented with application to buffer modeling, buffer design considerations, and throughput constraints. Basic network design algorithms, terminal and concentrator connection problems, and flow control schemes are also covered. The course concludes with the study of random access networks and control protocols.
EE482	WIRELESS COMM SYS ENGINEERING	3	This course provides an introduction to wireless systems engineering with applications to voice and data networks. Description of well known systems such as cell phones, pagers, and wireless LAN's is presented along with the design considerations for deployment of wireless networks. Wireless radio channel modeling along with common impairments such as multipath fading are introduced and modulation techniques well suited to the wireless applications are presented. Receivers for the various modulation schemes are analyzed in terms of performance and the trade-offs offered by source and channel coding are presented. Multiple access techniques used in wireless applications are introduced and the design of networks described. The course concludes with an analysis and description of deployed systems along with their standards and services provided.
EE483	PHOTONICS ENGINEERING	3	This course is an introduction to optoelectronic devices and systems. It begins with a review of the fundamental electromagnetic field theory, quantum mechanics, and solid state electronics that characterize optoelectronic device behavior. The course then addresses essential concepts from geometrical and physical (wave) optics. Building upon these fundamental principles, the course addresses the operating principles and design considerations of photoemitters (lasers and LED's), photodetectors, optical waveguides and signal modulators. Finally, the cadet incorporates the individual devices in the design, building and testing of a fiber optic data link.
EE484	ADV CMPTR ARCHTR USG VHDL	3	The course builds on the computer architecture foundation provided in EE375. The functional block diagram approach and evolution into the Hardware Description Language paradigm, using the DOD-standard VHDL, introduced in the basic architecture course, is expanded to include advanced architectural issues. The reduced instruction set computer (RISC) architecture serves as the basis for the study of advanced issues. Emphasizing register transfer notation and behavioral modeling of discrete system components, hierarchical structure models of representative machines are designed and simulated. Cache memory, virtual memory, instruction pipelining, branch prediction, hazard avoidance and computer arithmetic are the major topics studied. The term project utilizes VHDL for the behavioral description of a processor and then proceeds through the use of CAD synthesis tools and system simulators. The Term Project is used in lieu of a Term End Examination.
EE486	SOLID STATE ELECTRONICS	3	The course covers the device physics, operating principles and applications of diodes and field effect transistors (FET). It begins with a review of the operation of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) covered in EE362. Then MOSFET-based digital circuits are studied. The course normally provides the opportunity for layout and fabrication of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) gates on an integrated circuit chip. The chips are experimentally tested prior to the end of the semester. Emphasis then shifts to the basic properties of crystalline solids, p-n junction diodes and the MOSFET. Throughout the course, a number of modern electronic devices are introduced including digital memories, charge coupled devices, silicon controlled rectifiers, solar cells, and light emitting diodes. The laboratories are focused on integrated circuit design and layout, device characterization and simulation using computer aided design (CAD) tools.
EE487	DESIGNING WITH MICROPROC	3	This course teaches students how to employ microcontrollers in the design of an embedded system. Cadets first review basic microcontroller organization and system requirements. The detailed study of common microcontroller peripheral devices follows with emphasis on their application to real-time control design. Cadets practice top-down design of both hardware and software components of moderately complex digital systems throughout the semester. Cadets are exposed to addressing, serial and parallel input and output, timing, interrupts, A-to-D and D-to-A conversion, and will develop system software using both assembly and C programming languages.
EE489	ADV IND STUDY IN ELECT ENGR	3	Course requirements will be tailored to the needs and qualifications of the individual cadet. The course will normally involve a project requiring research, experimentation, and the submission of a report under the guidance of a departmental advisor. Alternatively, study may take the form of a tutorial course covering material not available in the regular elective course offerings.
EM381	ENGINEERING ECONOMY	3	This course prepares cadets to consider the economic dimension in the evaluation of engineering alternatives; a consideration vital to the Systems Design Process, engineering management, systems acquisition and many other application areas. While emphasis is on the analytical consideration of money and its impact on the areas above, the course also incorporates professional ethics in the engineering economic analysis process. The course is taught in four lesson blocks. The Time Value of Money (TVM) block -includes the quantitative methods for economic analysis of engineering alternatives by introducing cost concepts, interest concepts, the cash flow diagram and developing interest formulas. The Analysis Methods block develops techniques for project evaluation and comparison and ways to account for risk and uncertainty. The After Tax Cash Flow block incorporates the real-world effect of taxes, depreciation and inflation into the analysis methods. The Capital Budgeting block completes a comprehensive introduction to engineering economy by introducing the concept of economic service life and project financing. A one lesson introduction to personal finance is included to demonstrate how many of the concepts used in the business world can also be applied for personal planning. Course concepts are applied using Excel in both graded and ungraded labs. Cadets will spend several lessons in a computer lab environment.
EM403	ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT DSN II	3.5	Engineering Management Design II is the second course in a two-semester capstone experience for EM majors. EM403 integrates the principles, concepts and models explored in previous core and engineering courses. The course applies the principles of systems design, engineering management, and/or reengineering to a real-world system. Cadets work under the supervision of a faculty mentor to continue work on the same project begun in EM402, culminating the integrative experience in their education.
EM420	PRODUCTION OPERATIONS MGMT	3	This course deals with the quantitative aspects of design and analysis of production operations management. Emphasis is on identification, analysis, and solution of production problems using applied quantitative techniques. Practical exercises reinforce the problem-solving techniques necessary for today's successful military and civilian engineering managers and systems engineers. Specific methods and techniques taught and applied are operations strategy, product design and selection, supply chain management, total quality management, forecasting, capacity planning, facility location, facility layout, work system design, inventory management, material requirements planning, and scheduling. This course is required for those pursuing the Engineering Management major, the Systems Engineering major, the Systems Management major, and the Management major. Cadets will spend two to four lessons in a computer lab environment.
EN101	COMPOSITION	3	This course aims to develop clear, logical, and grammatically correct expression in written discourse. Daily writing and revision reinforce instruction in the writing process. Organization, substance, style, and correctness are major concerns of the course.
EN102	LITERATURE	3	This course studies ways in which writers use language imaginatively. Cadets develop the writing techniques of EN101 in responding to assignments on selected works of literature from diverse authors.
EN302	ADVANCED COMPOSITION	3	This course refines basic writing skills, develops sophisticated techniques of written expression, and establishes a critical editorial sense with respect to the cadet's own composition and the writing of others. Exemplary readings give substance to daily writing, while revision and extensive counseling emphasize the requirement for organization, substance, style, and correctness.
EP344	CRITICISM	3	This course introduces cadets to the theory of interpretation and the practice of literary criticism. Through the study of critics ranging from the ancient to the postmodern, cadets investigate mimetic, pragmatic, expressive, and objective schools. They also cultivate their own philosophies of interpretation and apply them to primary texts. Readings may focus on aesthetic, cultural, and ethical dimensions of literature, on the role of the critic, and on the proliferation of competing theories during the latter half of the twentieth century.
EP346	BRITISH LITERATURE II	3	This course continues the survey initiated in British Literature I by considering major authors and works of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Through representative but necessarily selective readings, cadets will trace the development of British literature from the Romantic Period into the Victorian Age and then to the present day. Possible areas of emphasis include poetry of the English Romantics; Victorian poetry and prose, to include the novel; and poetry, short fiction, and drama from the twentieth century. Study will emphasize the relation of the works considered to the cultural history of Great Britain and the British Empire and will attend as well to the wider influence of the British tradition.
EP359	LOGICAL REASONING	3	This course blends two areas of study that are often kept separate in university courses on logic: informal logic and formal (or symbolic) logic. Informal logic's emphasis is on natural language arguments relatively simple in structure, on rules of valid inference as codified in what is called traditional logic, and on the identification of mistakes in reasoning that make arguments logically weak though possibly persuasive (fallacies). Formal logic builds a symbolic representation of sentences and arguments, describes rigorous tests for determining whether symbolized arguments are valid, and provides the means to assess arguments of far greater complexity than the rules of traditional logic are able to manage.
EP360	EASTERN ART	3	Investigating Chinese, Indian, Indonesian, and Japanese folk crafts and architecture, this course intensifies and expands knowledge and understanding of Eastern cultures. To the extent that beautiful and treasured artifacts define and explain a culture, the objects of study provide an important entry to societies marked by languages generally unknown to Western observers.
EP366	PHILOSOPHY OF MIND	3	This course will jointly address major topics in the traditional philosophy of mind and questions created by recent developments in artificial intelligence: what is mind? What is the relationship of a mind to the physical world, including the brain? What is consciousness and self-consciousness? What are the definitions of mental states and processes, such as perception, desire, belief, emotion, reasoning, and action, and their relationship? Can computers be constructed to think or behave like human beings, or to have consciousness? Readings will come from classical sources, such as Descartes, as well as contemporary literature in philosophy, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence.
EP374	THE ARTS OF WAR	3	This course ranges widely across cultures and historical periods in studying how human creative imagination has dealt with war. The works in this course are especially illuminating to professional soldiers.
EP376	MODERN PHILOSOPHY II	3	This colloquium provides cadets an opportunity for reading and analysis in depth of some of the seminal works in modern philosophy. Taught in seminar format, the course challenges first-class and second-class cadets to take responsibility for discussion and analysis and for drawing connections between ideas as they occur throughout history and across cultures. Subjects include: pragmatism, logical positivism, philosophy of language. Philosophers include: Peirce, William James, Frege, Bertrand Russell, the Vienna Circle, Carnap, Quine, G. E. Moore, Wittgenstein, Donald Davidson.
EP394	SHAKESPEARE	3	This course surveys representative Shakespearean plays, including great tragedies, histories, and comedies. Study stresses the nature of Shakespeare's genius and the relation of his works to the cultures of all ages.
EP488	SENIOR THESIS II	3	This course permits cadets to complete a yearlong project requiring research in depth that culminates in a substantial thesis of high scholarly quality.
EV203	PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY	3	This core course provides cadets with a fundamental understanding of scientific principles and processes of earth science, meteorology, climatology, geomorphology and environmental systems, as well as an introduction to cultural geography. Further, the course furnishes cadets with the technical skills - digital terrain analysis, image interpretation and spectral analysis, remote sensing, global positioning system, geographic information systems cartography - to delineate the geographic distribution of landforms, weather, climate, and culture systems; and evaluate their potential impact on military operations. Lessons are reinforced by extensive use of in- and out-of-class practical exercises, terrain walks and computer exercises to demonstrate the interrelationship between physical and human systems, and their impact on the environment. Historical vignettes are employed to demonstrate how the factors of weather, climate, terrain, soils, vegetation and culture are important, cogent and frequently decisive in military operations.
EV301	ENV SCIENCE FOR ENGR & SCIEN	3	This course is similar to EV300 except that the context of discussion in EV301 is appropriate for cadets who have elected to major in science or engineering. EV301 provides the cadet with a broad understanding of current global and local environmental issues. It specifically focuses on natural ecosystems processes, the effects of pollution on human health and how the level of risk associated with this pollution is assessed, the environmental effects of energy use, and air pollution concerns such as global climate change, acid rain, and smog. Discussions of anthropogenic influences are conducted with consideration of social, economic, technological and political impacts. Cadets learn to evaluate literature on environmental issues through readings and interactive debates. A course project applying the scientific method to evaluate a current environmental problem provides an opportunity to tie multiple course topics with an in-depth study of an issue of interest.
EV350	ENVIRONMNTL ENGR TECHNOLOGIES	3	This course builds on environmental issues introduced in EV300 and further explorers environmental engineering from a unit process and materials balance approach. Analyzing water (transport, quality, drinking water treatment, and wastewater treatment); air (transport, quality, and pollutant minimization); and pollutant management (solid and hazardous wastes), the cadet is exposed to the breadth of the environmental discipline. A laboratory experience is integral to the course. In the laboratory, physical, chemical, and biological quality are discussed and measured. An introductory environmental engineering design project on river water quality is developed within the semester.
EV365	GEOGRAPHY OF GLOBAL CULTURES	3	This course provides the geographic foundation for study in interdisciplinary and management academic areas. Contemporary regions of the world political map serve as the framework within which geographic concepts and analytical techniques are applied. Each cadet will develop an awareness of the diversity and distribution of people on the earth, human organization and exploitation of territory, and interactions among culture groups. Particular emphasis is placed on social institutions, their impact on economic development, and the subsequent identification and analysis of developed, emerging, and underdeveloped states.
EV372	GEOGRAPHY OF ASIA	3	The course studies the physical and cultural environment of Asia with emphasis on those geographic elements related to the region's progress, developing nations, and emerging world and regional powers. Topics covered include a consideration of the physical and resource base, environmental and cultural factors, spatial organization of agricultural and industrial economies, population patterns and problems, and examination of the realm's several major subregions.
EV374	GEOG OF MID EAST & AFRICA	3	The course examines Middle Eastern and African landscapes to include expressions of their dominant physical and cultural forms. The variety of Middle Eastern and African peoples are studied in a geographic context--tracing their origins, dispersals, spatial organization, the intrusion of alien cultures and the diversity of human use and resource exploitation of the land. Among issues examined are the distribution and strategic significance of critical mineral and energy resources, population and food disparities, nation-building programs and prospects, and regional development plans. The course concludes with study of the changing internal geographic patterns, extraregional spatial relationships, and geostrategic implications of East-West competition in these unstable regional environments.
EV377	REMOTE SENSING	3	Remote Sensing is learning about something without touching it--the most obvious example being the use of satellites to study the Earth. EV377, a techniques course applicable to both the humanities and engineering, studies how and what types of information can be carried by the electromagnetic spectrum. Students enjoy a wide range of practical exercises which introduce them to several remote sensing systems to include conventional and color infrared photography, multispectral scanners, satellite imagery, thermal infrared, and radar. The capstone exercise offers each student the opportunity to perform real-time automated image classification using satellite data on his/her own micro-computer. The course focus is on applying remotely sensed data to solve current problems.
EV379	PHOTOGRAMMETRY	3	Photogrammetry, the art and science of making accurate measurements on photographs, is an important and fundamental discipline concerned with civilian and military mapping. Students, applying simple geometric principles to the photograph, determine object identity, size, spatial relationship, and position. An abundance of practical exercises, involving the use of sophisticated equipment, provide the opportunity to apply the fundamentals while arriving at solutions to real-world problems. An interesting field trip to a local mapping organization vividly displays how all these techniques may be blended to produce maps in the commercial business world.
EV385	INTRO TO ENVIRON ENGR	3.5	This course introduces cadets to the study of environmental engineering from a unit process and a materials balance approach. The focus is design-oriented problem solving to protect human health and the health of ecosystems using fundamental physical, chemical, and biological processes. The concept and calculation of risk is introduced as a key factor in environmental decision-making. Through the study of contaminant removal from water and air to integrated management techniques for solid/hazardous wastes and ionizing radiation, the cadet is exposed to the breadth of the discipline. In the laboratory, the science behind physical, chemical, and biological processes are applied to the engineering discipline. A military oriented design problem allows application of engineered solutions to topical water and air quality issues.
EV386	GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE	3	The course examines European cultural landscapes, focusing on the environmental and cultural diversity exhibited among the states of modern Europe. Nationalism and the territorial imperative, long recognized as major forces in Europe, are studied from a geographic perspective to include patterns and processes of both regional continuity and change. Emphasis is given to the rapidly developing urbanization and mutual interdependence among countries of Western Europe. West and East European agricultural/industrial resource bases and developmental strategies are compared and contrasted. Specific topics are tailored to current issues and include regional conflict, economic development and trade, and problems of energy and the environment. This course concludes with a study of contemporary European extraregional spatial relationships with other major world culture regions.
EV387	METEOROLOGY	3	This course introduces meteorological processes, systems, and patterns with emphasis on spatial distributions. The course begins with a comprehensive look at the structure of the atmosphere to include the energy budget, heat transfer mechanisms, as well as an examination of daily and seasonal patterns of temperature. A thorough look at atmospheric moisture and stability precedes a study of cloud and precipitation processes followed by a study of the atmosphere in motion, namely air pressure, governing forces, winds, small and local-scale wind systems and the general circulation of the planet. Specific phenomena are then examined, including mid-latitude cyclones, thunderstorms/lightning, tornadoes, severe thunderstorms, hurricanes, air pollution, and a brief look at climate and climate change. The end of the course focuses on the art and science of weather forecasting and its applicability to military operations. In-class labs.
EV388A	PHYSICAL GEOLOGY	3	This course primarily emphasizes understanding and interpreting the significant geologic processes that act on and within the earth. Topics studied include the formation and identification of minerals and rocks, plate tectonics, rock structures, geologic mapping, and elements of economic geology. Field trips are conducted to illustrate concepts and processes discussed in class. The course is capstoned by a geologic design that uses an interactive geologic exploration computer simulation. The cadet designs a geologic exploration project and develops a program for remediation of an environmental problem.
EV388B	GEOMORPHOLOGY	3	This course studies the processes that create landforms on the surface of the earth and their regional and global distributions. The course focuses on processes and their inter-relationships with geologic structure, soils and climate. Processes emphasized include glaciers, streams, downslope motion caused by gravity, groundwater, coastlines, and eolian landscapes. Each student prepares a final report synthesizing these processes and how they relate to real-world applications.
EV390B	URBAN GEOGRAPHY	3	This course examines the location, function, structure, growth and interaction of urban areas. Spatial techniques are used to explore the internal attributes of cities, as well as their connectivity to other places. While the primary focus is on urbanization in the United States, primate cities abroad are often used for comparative purposes. Emphasis is placed on contemporary urban problems, particularly environmental issues and social disparities.
EV391B	ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY	3	This course focuses on natural phenomena that pose hazards to people. The cause, nature, and occurrence frequency of natural hazards such as flooding, earthquakes, hurricanes, and volcanic activity will be examined. Emphasis will also be placed on how people perceive and respond to these hazards. Land use policies and practices in these hazard areas will also receive attention. Students participate in map based laboratory exercises and have the opportunity to write a short paper advising a government official how to mitigate local geohazards.
EV396	ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGICAL SYS	3.5	This course will examine biology from a practical environmental engineering and environmental science perspective. The foci of the course are applied public health, microbiology and microbial energetics. Specific topics include the biological health issues associated with drinking water, microbial aspects of industrial and domestic waste treatment and protection or restoration of natural water bodies from environmental contaminants. Students are also introduced to medical geography and the spatial biological health issues associated with a deployment. Laboratory exercises are used to introduce the student to water quality analyses and practices commonly used in the fields of environmental engineering and the environmental sciences.
EV397	AIR POLLUTION ENGINEERING	3	This course employs a design approach to air pollution control. It begins by defining air pollution problems, to include pollutant types, sources, legislation, and effects on both local and global scales. The course then examines the design of various means of controlling particulate and gaseous air pollution from both mobile and stationary sources. Finally, students study the link between meteorology and air pollution, as well as pollutant dispersion modeling in the atmosphere. The culminating course project involves a numerical approach to dispersion modeling that incorporates modeling and solution optimization.
EV398	GEOG INFORMATION SYSTEMS	3	Geographic information systems are hardware/software systems that permit the input, storage, retrieval, manipulation, analysis, and display of geocoded data. Used by environmentalists, engineers, land-use planners, architects, managers of large land holdings, and the military, these highly-intricate "decision support" systems assist managers in answering important "what if" questions. Using digitizers and microcomputers students will build a geocoded database and solve "real-world" problems.
EV401	PHYS & CHEM TREATMENT	3.5	This course takes a process approach to environmental engineering using engineering science and design of drinking water treatment systems as the primary foci. Building upon concepts gained in environmental chemistry, cadets study physical and chemical processes used in environmental engineering. Discussion includes the theories behind these processes and the design procedures involved in their application. Cadets develop comprehensive concept design of drinking water treatment processes. While the focus of the course is drinking water treatment, the processes developed are also applicable to wastewater treatment, groundwater remediation, air pollution control, and the treatment of solid and hazardous wastes.
EV450	ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION MAKING	3	This course is the third in a three-course sequence and is concerned with the balance of engineered solutions with economic, socio-cultural, political, and ecological considerations evaluated during a decision-making process. Using management of water resources as a teaching model, the realities of decision-making and policy development for all areas of engineering, and particularly environmental engineering, are examined. The course begins with instruction on the tools available to water resource managers, to include both structural (engineered) and non-structural approaches to solve water resource problems. Elements of engineering design and the design process are introduced as well as methods of conducting tradeoff analyses. The course makes use of case studies of current water resource projects and includes a term project. Visiting speakers are employed to present views of government and concerned public interest groups.
EV477	ADVANCED REMOTE SENSING	3	This course examines advanced remote sensing theory and digital image processing techniques suitable for the processing of remotely sensed data. Emphasis is on the processing and analysis of state-of-the-art high spatial and spectral resolution data gathered by airborne and satellite sensors. Topics covered include geometric and radiometric image rectification, registration and resampling techniques, image enhancements, data merging, image segmentation, and automated feature extraction. A wide range of practical exercises and in-class laboratory assignments provides hands-on experience with a variety of remotely sensed imagery ranging from multi-spectral to hyper-spectral data. The course culminates with a capstone term project that allows cadets to apply digital image processing skills to a scientific problem.
EV478	MILITARY GEOSPATIAL OPERATIONS	3	This course is designed to teach the most current state of geospatial operations in the military. It is built to provide the student an improved understanding of the cornerstone to the digital force - the "common operational picture" or COP. This course is divided into five major blocks of instruction: (1) a linked discussion of geospatial operations' development, organizations and data systems; (2) the geographic information system (GIS) as a military tool - system input, management, data analysis and production outputs; (3) Army geospatial operations in the garrison environment; (4) Army geospatial operations in combat environments; and (5) geospatial operations for joint/coalition forces. The course includes several relevant practical exercises and laboratories, a field trip, guest lectures and one panel discussion. Due to the currency of the material discussed a secret security clearance is required for all participants.
EV482	MILITARY GEOGRAPHY	3	History is replete with examples of the impact of terrain, weather and climate on military operations at all scales. National strategies are influenced heavily by geographic realities of relative location, spatial interaction, population dynamics and resource distribution. This course emphasizes the development of a geographic method for systematic analysis of the battlefield that is appropriate for platoon leader and corps commander alike. Students evaluate the elements of national power and examine their geostrategic influences, past and present. The role of the environment in shaping today’s Army and its missions is discussed. Jungle, cold region, alpine, riverine, desert, temperate and urban operational environments are examined for their effect on military planning and execution. Finally, cadets review case studies of the impact of these diverse environments on military operations at the tactical level.
EV485	SPEC TOPICS-GEOG & ENVRNMNT	3	This course explores an advanced topic in Human and Regional Geography, Environmental Geography, Environmental Science, Environmental Engineering, or Geospatial Information Science. Specific subject matter will vary with the expertise of the visiting professor or senior faculty member conducting the course.
EV487	ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY	3	This interdisciplinary seminar uses Environmental Security in a case study approach to study environmental issues potentially affecting U.S. National Security. Cadets will explore environmental security topics such as water, natural resource shortages, energy use and dependency, global climate change using an interdisciplinary approach from social, political, economic, and scientific-technological perspectives. The course culminates on a student team analysis of a developing country in terms of environmental security issues and the related US national security interests. The final project includes a formal brief and written paper.
EV488	SOLID & HAZ WASTE TREAT & REMD	3	This course examines the treatment, storage and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes. Both regulatory requirements and evolving technology associated with solving modern solid waste disposal problems are discussed. Processes for the investigation and remediation of contaminated waste sites are presented, along with design methodologies for solid and hazardous waste disposal systems. The course culminates in the application of hazardous waste engineering to the cleanup of a contaminated hazardous disposal site.
EV489A	ADVANCED INDIVIDUAL STUDY I	3	The course is an individually supervised research and study program designed to provide cadets with the opportunity to pursue advanced topics within their discipline. The cadet prepares a research and study proposal setting forth the objectives, scope, and anticipated accomplishments of his/her efforts for the semester. If required for a specific degree, the proposal will include a justification for engineering science or design credit. Once approved, the proposal serves as a basis for the cadet's research and study program. Progress in research reports and observations by the faculty advisor form the basis for grades. The program for each cadet will culminate in one of two outcomes: 1) a discipline-appropriate written product (e.g., senior thesis or design project) with oral defense; or 2) enrollment in EV489B for the completion of the research and study program during the second academic term. Lessons and labs are established by consultation between the cadet and faculty advisor.
EV489B	ADVANCED INDIVIDUAL STUDY II	3	The course is an individually supervised research and study program designed to provide cadets with the opportunity to pursue advanced topics within their discipline. The cadet uses a research and study proposal setting forth the objectives, scope, and anticipated accomplishments of his/her efforts for the semester. If required for a specific degree, the proposal will include a justification for engineering science or design credit. The proposal serves as a basis for the cadet's research and study program. Progress in research reports and observations by the faculty advisor form the basis for grades. The program for each cadet will culminate in a discipline-appropriate written product (e.g., senior thesis or design project) with oral defense. Lessons and labs are established by consultation between the cadet and faculty advisor.
EV490	ADV ENVIRON PROCESS DESIGN	3.5	This is the final design course for the major in environmental engineering. It exposes cadets to the complete design experience including project management, work scheduling, and development of plans and specifications. The course centers on a senior design project that requires the employment of concepts in engineering design to produce a 35% product for an actual customer. Working in teams, cadets examine projects through the feasibility and concept design phases to evolve and develop concepts that are not only technically feasible, but economically, socially, and politically acceptable. The evaluation of alternatives employs trade-off analysis and the use of multi-attribute decision models. The final product includes a formal oral briefing and a written feasibility study. In addition to project management, course lectures cover engineering ethics, engineering economics, and topical coverage of fundamental engineering topics relevant to the problems under study. The course concludes with a field data, collection exercise where cadets develop collection protocols and logistical requirements and then execute the data collection plan and results analysis.
HI103	HISTORY OF THE US	3	These courses treat the history of the United States (in an international context) from the nation's colonial origins to the present. Both surveys explore the American experience by investigating such diverse topics as economic, political, and social evolution, foreign relations developments, the rise of sectionalism, cultural and intellectual growth, group interactions, and the relation between war and society. The courses also introduce methods of historical research and analysis, and seek to develop the cadet's facility for critical thinking and lucid writing, and for participating effectively in oral discussion.
HI104	HISTORY OF THE US	3	These courses treat the history of the United States (in an international context) from the nation's colonial origins to the present. Both surveys explore the American experience by investigating such diverse topics as economic, political, and social evolution, foreign relations developments, the rise of sectionalism, cultural and intellectual growth, group interactions, and the relation between war and society. The courses also introduce methods of historical research and analysis, and seek to develop the cadet's facility for critical thinking and lucid writing, and for participating effectively in oral discussion.
HI107	WESTERN CIVILIZATION	3	HI 107 is the first half of a two-semester sequence intended to build for cadets a historical foundation before they conduct an in-depth survey of another civilization in HI 108. This course traces the human experience from ancient times until 1914. Beginning with an examination of the origins of Western Civilization in the Middle East, HI 107 then explores the development of Western Civilization through the classical, medieval, early modern, and modern periods, ending with an examination of the causes leading to the First World War. The roots and formative events of the West are examined in depth to provide a cultural, social, economic, political, and military framework for the understanding of Western Civilization. This course also develops methods of historical research and analysis. It seeks to develop the cadet's facility for critical thinking, lucid writing, and effective participation in classroom discussion.
HI108	REGIONAL STUDIES IN WORLD HIST	3	HI108, in the first block, completes the study of the development of Western Civilization begun in HI107, starting from World War I and continuing to the present day. The remaining two blocks focus on a detailed study of the development and critical events in the history of one of five regions: Africa , East Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, or Russia. The dual focus (Western Civilization and one other region) enables cadets to develop a deeper understanding of a different culture and unfamiliar ideas and concepts. The course also develops methods of historical research and analysis, and seeks to develop the cadet's facility for critical thinking, lucid writing, and effective participation in classroom discussion.
HI154	ADVANCED HISTORY OF THE US	3	These courses encompass the same chronological period and thematic coverage as HI103-104, but they do so through monographic and periodical literature and greater emphasis on classroom discussion. These courses assume some familiarity with American history and consequently place special emphasis on historical analysis and criticism. Moreover, students acquire a broader understanding of American history and the historian's methods.
HI158	ADV HISTORY OF THE WORLD	3	These courses encompass the same chronological period and thematic coverage as HI107-108, but they place a greater emphasis on classroom discussion and historical analysis and criticism. Consequently, the student acquires a broader and deeper appreciation of the historian's craft and of essential issues in world history.
HI301	HISTORY OF THE MILITARY ART	3	This two-term, upperclass core course traces the evolution of the art of war from the ancients through the napoleonic era to the American civil war and the wars of the twentieth century. Emphasis is placed on the changing nature of warfare as nations adjust to social, political, economic and technological developments. Analysis focuses on causation, the interrelationship of events as warfare evolved over the ages, operational and logistical aspects of military history, and the role of society in warfare.
HI302	HISTORY OF THE MILITARY ART	3	This two-term, upperclass core course traces the evolution of the art of war from the ancients through the Napoleonic era to the American civil war and the wars of the twentieth century. Emphasis is placed on the changing nature of warfare as nations adjust to social, political, economic and technological developments. Analysis focuses on causation, the interrelationship of events as warfare evolved over the ages, operational and logistical aspects of military history, and the role of society in warfare.
HI342	THE BRITISH ISLES SINCE 1688	3	This course examines the rise and fall of one of the greatest empires of modern history. How did a tiny, insular nation become the world's most formidable imperialistic power and then, in the afterglow of high Victorian achievement, evolve into a post-industrial welfare state? In answering this question students will have the opportunity to deal with the great military, social, economic, and political issues that shaped modern Europe. Key events and themes include the Glorious Revolution, the Seven Years' War, the loss of the American colonies, the impact of the French Revolution and Industrial Revolution, the rise of democracy, the triumph of socialism, the age of total war, and the transition to the Cold War.
HI344	MODERN DIPLOMACY	3	The course focuses on the major diplomatic developments in Europe from 1814 through the end of the Cold War in 1991. It traces the emergence of the European state system after the Treaty of Westphalia and the impact of the revolution in France on European diplomatic relations. It examines the diplomatic system established at the Congress of Vienna through the crises and conflicts of the mid-19th century. The course also examines the various factors that led to the First World War, the developments of the interwar period, the origins and conduct of the Second World War, and the origins of the Cold War. The final lessons will explore Europe's role in the Cold War, the rise of international organizations, trans-national diplomacy, the end of the Cold War, and recent modifications to Europe's role in world affairs.
HI352	ADV HISTORY OF MILITARY ART	3	HI351-352 parallels HI301-302. However, in addition to accelerated study of HI301-302 material, the cadet will study selected periods in greater depth and breadth. This course offers the cadet a more profound understanding of men and women as warriors and of the evolution of the art of war than would otherwise be available.
HI355	WARFARE-AGE OF INDUSTRIALIZTN	3	This course examines the history of warfare around the globe from the Congress of Vienna through World War I and its aftermath. It combines the study of military campaigns with the political, economic, social, and cultural factors shaping military developments. It explores the impact of changing technology on the conduct of war, the development of nationalism, wars between nation-states, and wars for national freedom. This course contains several themes particularly useful to any modern soldier. Among them are the nature and intensity of national wars and the effect of changing technology on society and the conduct of war.
HI356	WAR AT SEA AND IN THE AIR	3	This course examines war at sea from the early days of galley warfare through the ages of sail, steam power, all-steel navies, nuclear power and missiles. War in the air is examined from the early days of balloons and lighter-than-air ships through missile age. Course themes include the evolution of military organizations, technology, strategy, leadership and the accompanying social, political, and economic factors that influenced the navies and air forces of the day. The course will also cover selected wars and campaigns in which naval and air power played an important role.
HI361	MEDIEVAL EUROPE	3	The millennium between the "fall" of the Roman Empire and the Voyages of Discovery--the Middle Ages--has often been characterized as brutish and inferior. Yet, this tough, fascinating society offered immeasurable potential for growth and adaptation. The personages and events of the European medieval world spawned many of the ideas and institutions of modernity. Topics for study will include the barbarian invasions, Byzantine Empire, Carolingian Europe, feudalism, medieval technology, Christian Church, medieval warfare, Crusades, rise of universities, crises of the 14th century, growth of monarchical power, and economic and social change.
HI365	THE ANCIENT WORLD	3	This course examines the political development, cultural ideas, and fundamental institutions of the ancient societies that form the basis of Western civilization. The course will focus on civic values that established standards regarding the role of the individual within the community, and how concepts of virtue, duty, and service evolved over time in response to internal and external challenges. It explores in detail significant historical questions such as how Athenian democracy contributed to, and was dramatically affected by, the Peloponnesian Wars, and why the Romans' victory in the Punic Wars planted the seeds for the ultimate demise of the Republic and the transition to the Empire. HI365 also serves as an introduction to historical methods of analyzing primary sources. Cadets will read extensively from histories written by ancient Greek and Roman authors and form their own interpretations of the events the writers cover, their historical methods, and their reliability.
HI369	AMERICAN FRONTIERS	3	HI 369 enables cadets to explore the social, political, economic, and military interactions between many diverse cultures in North America during the period of European and U.S. expansion since 1500. The course does this by examining the history of Native America and the “American” West, which included much of colonial British North America, and much of the American South through the 1830s, along with Spanish, French, and other European frontiers in North America. The course integrates Native American, Latino, and economic history in the study of migration, cultural contact, and “international” relations on the frontiers of North America. The course also explores change and diversity in cultural perspectives by examining myths of the West from a range of ethnic and other viewpoints. The course is an elective in the American History stem of the history program, but can be taken for credit in the International stem as well.
HI376	EARLY MODERN WARFARE	3	This course examines the history of warfare in Europe from the Renaissance through the campaigns of Frederick the Great. It combines the study of military campaigns with that of the political, economic, social, and cultural factors shaping military developments. It explores the so-called "Military Revolution" of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries with particular emphasis on the relationships between military developments and state building, the rise of absolutism in France and the Wars of Louis XIV, and the rise of Prussia and the Wars of Frederick the Great. Study of the so-called "age of limited war" sets the stage for future study of the American Revolution and the Wars of the French Revolutions and Napoleon. This course contains several themes particularly useful to the modern soldier. Among them are the nature, intensity, and complexity of wars of religion.
HI385	WAR & ITS THEORISTS	3	Along with great commanders in history, there have been men who theorized about the nature and conduct of war, the relationship between politics and strategy, and the impact of warfare upon society. The course examines the contributions of selected theorists (Clausewitz, Sun Tzu, Jomini, Mahan, Fuller, Liddell Hart, Brodie, etc.). The student reads the theorists' major writings, analyzes their principal ideas, and studies their influence on military affairs. This will help the student reach his or her own conclusions about fundamental questions concerning the conduct and fundamental nature of war, such as the relative strength of offense vs. defense, or of material vs. morale factors.
HI390	EARLY NATIONAL AMERICA	3	Although the Constitution outlined the form of federal government in the United States, it left unanswered many questions concerning how that government should function. This course examines how, between 1790 and 1848, evolving political thought, economic development, changing social conditions, and sectionalism influenced successive generations' debates about the role of government in American life.
HI395	HIST OF CIVIL WAR AMERICA	3	This course focuses on the causes and consequences of the American Civil War. Cadets will analyze the road to war, the war itself, and Reconstruction to place the entire period in its broader historical context. The course covers the ante-bellum South and North, focusing on the peculiar effect of slavery on society. Cadets will examine the home fronts to see the populace's reaction to war as both the Union and the Confederacy engage in conflict. In approaching Reconstruction, students will focus on the political, economic, and racial policies that were implemented to rebuild the nation.
HI460	SENIOR FACULTY COURSE	3	This course is taught by a senior member in the Department of History in a field of that historian's expertise. The course offers students the opportunity to study under the guidance of a historian in topics not normally offered by the Department of History.
HI463	RACE, ETHNICITY, NATION	3	We use the words ethnicity, race, and nation constantly, but what do these terms really mean? Why are people willing to kill or persecute each other in the name of these ideas? The course will allow cadets to investigate the development of the concepts of ethnicity, race, and nation. They will examine modern conditions such as the Enlightenment, science, the growth of the state, Social Darwinism, and imperialism, and study why these conditions gave rise to diverse but overlapping methods of creating boundaries and defining difference. Although the main focus of the course will be on Europe, the application of these ideas in a variety of global settings - on other continents - will be considered throughout the course.
HI498	COLLOQUIUM IN HISTORY	3	The colloquium employs seminar discussions of important books and scholarly articles to enhance understanding of major historical issues. Subcourses are designed to provide in-depth study of various topics in American, European, military, and international and strategic history. Cadets select a subcourse topic as the basis for their reading program after consultation with their faculty advisor or departmental counselor. Subcourse topics may vary each year in accordance with student interest and faculty expertise. The colloquium satisfies the 400-level course requirement for the history fields of study. Cadets who major in history should complete a colloquium that will support their subsequent enrollment in HI499, Senior Thesis in History.
HI499	SENIOR THESIS	3	The course provides cadets selecting the major in history with an opportunity to enhance their skills in historical research and analysis. For this reason the course serves as excellent preparation for graduate study in history and related disciplines. Based upon their background and research interests cadets are organized into small thesis-writing seminars. Under the supervision of a seminar advisor, each cadet defines a topic, develops a research plan, accomplishes research, and drafts a thesis. The seminar meets occasionally to discuss issues in historiography and methodology, review progress in research, and critique draft papers. At the end of the semester cadets present their findings and defend their theses before a committee of faculty and fellow students.
IS450	PRINCIPLES OF DIS APP ENGR	3	Building on the foundations of algorithm implementation, data representation, web development, and basic networking, this course focuses on the principles of constructing a modern distributed application. Cadets study the principles, construction, and interaction of user interface, network, web server, and database components to produce an effective distributed application. Cadets will learn new tools and skills working as a team to analyze, design, and implement a system that solves a given problem.
IT105	INTRO TO COMPUTING & INFO TECH	3	Designed to meet the needs of the core curriculum, this fundamental course provides an introduction to the principles behind the use, function, and operation of digital computers and information technology. The course presents program design and construction techniques in moderate detail, with consideration given to principles of software engineering. Cadets will use a PC-based, integrated program development environment and sophisticated application software. Problem solving using the computer as a tool is a central theme throughout the course as cadets will employ a design methodology to solve problems efficiently and logically. Emphasis is placed on learning how to learn and individual discovery. Cadets are introduced to the internet, the use of the World Wide Web, other information technology tools, and information security.
IT155	ADV INTRO TO COMP & INFO TECH	3	Provides a more advanced study of computers, information technology and programming for cadets who have demonstrated ability beyond the level of the standard course. The course studies advanced microcomputer technology and advanced programming techniques. All graded material is identical to that in IT105.
IT305	THEORY & PRAC OF MIL IT SYS	3	This course builds on the foundations of Information Technology (IT) acquired during the first two years of cadet experiences. It covers problem solving utilizing the digitization process, networking, databases, information systems, information assurance, and the evolving legal and ethical framework surrounding use of IT. Students study several aspects of military and commercial IT infrastructures, as well as the IT concepts and techniques that will facilitate their success as a military officer and inspire life-long learning in the IT domain. Concepts are reinforced through numerous in-class exercises and labs as well as team projects.
IT355	ADV THEORY OF MIL IT SYS	3	Provides a more in-depth study of information technology for cadets who have demonstrated ability beyond the level of IT305. The course covers material presented in IT305 at an accelerated pace to provide cadets additional opportunities for application and hands-on experience with it principles and concepts.
IT382	NETWORKED SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT	3	Cadets learn the technical management principles needed to configure, secure and operate networked computer systems that will be usable in the Army enterprise. The course will integrate fundamental knowledge of network functionality and the architecture of networked computers by teaching cadets the concepts required to configure, install, and maintain a network of computers. Cadets will learn how to provide the robustness, reliability, performance, and security expected of modern networked computer systems across large enterprises.
IT383	USER INTERFACE DEVELOPMENT	3	This course provides a practical introduction to user interface development and usability engineering of interactive applications. The disciplines of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Software Engineering guide these endeavors, but our focus here is more applied than theoretical. Major emphasis is on the principles and techniques for human-centered design and implementation of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) within a software development lifecycle. Cadets will extend their knowledge of programming in a high-level language by learning how to use an interface builder to create a fully functional GUI. Cadets will learn and practice human-centered problem analysis techniques and usability testing methodologies to ensure that their interfaces are usable. A hypothetico-deducto approach to design is emphasized throughout their development efforts. Fundamentals taught in this course will prepare cadets for more advanced software development, development of physical devices, or a deeper theoretical look at HCI topics.
IT400	IT SEMINAR	1	This seminar will meet once each week and will include all First Class cadets majoring in information technology. This course addresses professional practice topics such as the moral, legal, and ethical implications of the discipline and their usage. Topics also address Army and DOD initiatives, as well as new developments in the discipline.
IT402	IT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT II	3.5	This course is the second in the senior-level integrative capstone experience.. Cadets examine in detail the principles and issues involved in the integration of a significant information system. Cadet design teams, under the guidance of course instructors and in interdisciplinary groups, work on client-focused system integration project that includes the social, political, economic and ethical dimensions.
IT493	IT INDEPENDENT STUDY	3	This elective will be tailored to the specific project and to qualifications of the cadet. The research, study program, or special project will be proposed by the cadet or selected from those proposed by the department. The cadet will formalize a proposal, develop a viable research plan, and conduct project design under the guidance and supervision of a faculty advisor. The Head of the Department will approve cadet projects. Lessons and labs established through consultation between cadet and advisor.
KN355	FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY	3	This course is designed to provide cadets with a detailed study of basic human anatomy and causal relationships between skeletal muscles and structures and the science of human movement.
KN360	BIOMECHANICS OF HUMAN MOVEMENT	3	This course is designed to provide you with a basic understanding of the biomechanical analysis of movement. You will study human motion through the examination of forces acting on the body and the effects produced by these forces. Applications in exercise, sport, rehabilitation, and occupational settings will be explored.
KN365	NUTRITION FOR PERFORMANCE	3	This course is designed to provide a broad foundation and understanding of the metabolic aspects of human performance. A variety of topics will be discussed to assist the cadetsý understanding of the systematic nature of exercise metabolism. Additional several peer-reviewed journals will be utilized to expose students to applied research and assist with the understanding of exercise metabolism.
KN485	TOPICS: EXERCISE/SPORT SCIENCE	3	This course provides in-depth study of a special topic in exercise and sport sciences not offered elsewhere in the USMA curriculum. Course content will be based on the special expertise of the Visiting Professor, Rotating PhD, or a senior DPE faculty member.
LA204	ARABIC II (STANDARD)	3.5	Continuation of LA203.
LA362	INTERMEDIATE ARABIC II	3	Continuation of LA361.
LA386	MILITARY READINGS IN ARABIC	3	Cadets gain an overview of the culture and profession of arms in the Arabic-speaking world by reading and discussing selected materials, e.g., journal articles, training manuals, biographies or other historical documents focused on military operations or activities. The course presents a balanced distribution of topics that may encompass the training, operations, tactics, and organization of Arabic-speaking armed forces. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater language proficiency. Videos and films complement instruction. Graded work may include giving oral presentations or writing short essays. A majority of the work is done in the language of study.
LA472	COLLOQUIAL ARABIC	3	This course introduces the dialect of a particular Arab country. Oral proficiency gained in this course is complementary to previously learned modern standard Arabic. The course may be taken twice for credit if two different dialects are offered. Consult department counselor.
LA484	ARAB CIVILIZATION II	3	Continuation of LA483.
LA492	ARABIC LITERATURE III	3	In this course cadets gain basic competence in the knowledge and comprehension of representative literary works and their relationship to the cultural context of the target society. Selected examples of various literary genres are read, discussed, and analyzed. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater proficiency in the target language. Video and film presentations supplement readings, where possible. Graded work may include giving oral presentations, writing short essays, or preparing a term paper. A majority of the work is done in the target language.
LC204	CHINESE II (STANDARD)	3.5	Continuation of LC203.
LC362	INTERMEDIATE CHINESE II	3	Continuation of LC361.
LC386	MILITARY READINGS IN CHINESE	3	Cadets gain an overview of the culture and profession of arms in the Chinese-speaking world by reading and discussing selected materials, e.g., journal articles, training manuals, biographies or other historical documents focused on military operations or activities. The course presents a balanced distribution of topics that may encompass the training, operations, tactics, and organization of Chinese-speaking armed forces. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater language proficiency. Videos and films complement instruction. Graded work may include giving oral presentations or writing short essays. A majority of the work is done in the language of study.
LC484	CHINESE CIVILIZATION II	3	Continuation of LC483.
LC492	CHINESE LITERATURE III	3	In this course cadets gain basic competence in the knowledge and comprehension of representative literary works and their relationship to the cultural context of the target society. Selected examples of various literary genres are read, discussed, and analyzed. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater proficiency in the target language. Video and film presentations supplement readings, where possible. Graded work may include giving oral presentations, writing short essays, or preparing a term paper. A majority of the work is done in the target language.
LE102	ACDMC RDG/WRTG INTL CDTS II	3.5	This course seeks to solidify language proficiency of non-native English speakers within the cognitively rigorous demands of a military-academic environment. While essentially a writing course, significant rhetorical, oratorical, and analytical skills are developed through extensive reading and systematic analysis of culturally relevant texts to guide cadets past surface impressions of American culture into successive layers of complexity. Concurrently, research and documentation skills are stressed to develop positive control over linguistic and professional conventions expected of cadets in subsequent core English requirements.
LF204	FRENCH II (STANDARD)	3.5	Continuation of LF203.
LF362	INTERMEDIATE FRENCH II	3	Continuation of LF361.
LF386	MILITARY READINGS IN FRENCH	3	Cadets gain an overview of the culture and profession of arms in the French-speaking world by reading and discussing selected materials, e.g., journal articles, training manuals, biographies or other historical documents focused on military operations or activities. The course presents a balanced distribution of topics that may encompass the training, operations, tactics, and organization of French-speaking armed forces. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater language proficiency. Videos and films complement instruction. Graded work may include giving oral presentations or writing short essays. A majority of the work is done in the language of study.
LF484	FRENCH CIVILIZATION II	3	This course constitutes an integrated study of the culture, history, and geography of France since the end of World War II. Readings, lectures, discussions, and audio-visual materials encompass this civilization's representative artistic and intellectual accomplishments, its present-day political institutions, economy, and popular culture. In addition, the course focuses on the values and attitudes, the customs and traditions, and the social structures of France. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater language proficiency. Graded work may include giving oral presentations, writing short essays, or preparing a term paper. A majority of the work is done in French.
LF492	MASTERWORKS OF FRENCH LIT	3	Cadets develop competence in the knowledge and comprehension of representative French literary works and their relationship to the cultural context of French society. Selected examples of various literary genres that focus on events pertaining to the two World Wars, conflicts in the former French colonies and other experiences are read, discussed, and analyzed. Video and film presentations supplement readings, where possible. Graded work may include giving oral presentations, writing short essays, or preparing a term paper. A majority of the work is done in French.
LG204	GERMAN II (STANDARD)	3.5	Continuation of LG203.
LG362	INTERMEDIATE GERMAN II	3	Continuation of LG361.
LG386	MILITARY READINGS IN GERMAN	3	Cadets gain an overview of the culture and profession of arms in the German-speaking world by reading and discussing selected materials, e.g., journal articles, training manuals, biographies or other historical documents focused on military operations or activities. The course presents a balanced distribution of topics that may encompass the training, operations, tactics, and organization of German-speaking armed forces. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater language proficiency. Videos and films complement instruction. Graded work may include giving oral presentations or writing short essays. A majority of the work is done in the language of study.
LG484	GERMAN CIVILIZATION II	3	This course constitutes an integrated study of the culture, history, and geography of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland since the end of World War II. Readings, lectures, discussions, and audio-visual materials encompass this civilization's representative artistic and intellectual accomplishments, its present-day political institutions, economy, and popular culture. In addition, the course focuses on the values and attitudes, the customs and traditions, and the social structures of the people of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater language proficiency. Graded work may include giving oral presentations, writing short essays, or preparing a term paper. A majority of the work is done in German.
LG492	20TH CENTURY GERMANY	3	Cadets develop competence in the knowledge and comprehension of representative German literary works and their relationship to the cultural context of German society. Selected examples of various literary genres that focus on the experiences of the two World Wars, a divided nation, and reunification are read, discussed, and analyzed. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater language proficiency. Video and film presentations supplement readings, where possible. Graded work may include giving oral presentations, writing short essays, or preparing a term paper. A majority of the work is done in German.
LN380	NATURE OF MODERN LANGUAGES	3	Cadets learn that human language is a rule-based and universal system. They examine languages like those taught at USMA from the perspective of linguists, teachers and Army officers. Topics include the origin of and the basis for language, the nature of grammar, language sounds, the phenomenon of meaning, and how language attains communication. Knowledge gained is frequently interdisciplinary and relevant to courses offered at USMA in psychology, communication, English and foreign or second languages. Graded work may include giving oral presentations and completing a term project or paper.
LN482H	SPOKEN HEBREW	3	This course aims to develop entry-level oral proficiency in Hebrew (approx. 800 words), the ability to read printed Hebrew for all vocabulary covered, and the ability to write simple sentences in Hebrew. Most of the course work will be oral.
LN488	ADV IND STUDY-FOREIGN LANGS	3	LN487 and LN488 are essentially honors or tutorial courses available only to exceptionally motivated and qualified cadets who have exhausted all other language-specific courses and who wish to pursue a special field of interest in language, linguistics or a language-related field. The minimum completion requirement is a term paper, based on individual research of a length and on a topic upon which instructor and cadet have agreed.
LN490	LANGUAGE & CULTURE CAP SEM	3	In this capstone course concentrators integrate their knowledge of language and culture with other aspects of the curriculum. They attend lectures, participate in seminar discussions and complete a project of international import. Cadets develop a regionally focused topic, complete research and present findings for possible application at the joint command level. They make use of their acquired language skills while completing a course that is interdisciplinary in nature and meets academic program goals.
LN491	SEM ABROAD: ADV LANG & CULT I	3	Cadets attend a military academy or an undergraduate institution abroad and enroll in courses that enhance their language proficiency and cultural literacy. Courses may focus on language acquisition, literature, military science, history or the social sciences. If appropriate, cadets participate in military development activities. They attend lectures and seminars and complete all course requirements. The course grade becomes part of their Academic Summary.
LN492	SEM ABROAD: ADV LANG & CULT II	3	Cadets attend a military academy or an undergraduate institution abroad and enroll in courses that enhance their language proficiency and cultural literacy. Courses may focus on language acquisition, literature, military science, history or the social sciences. If appropriate, cadets participate in military development activities. They attend lectures and seminars and complete all course requirements. The course grade becomes part of their Academic Summary.
LN493	SEM ABROAD: ADV LANG&CULT III	3	Cadets attend a military academy or an undergraduate institution abroad and enroll in courses that enhance their language proficiency and cultural literacy. Courses may focus on language acquisition, literature, military science, history or the social sciences. If appropriate, cadets participate in military development activities. They attend lectures and seminars and complete all course requirements. The course grade becomes part of their Academic Summary.
LN494	SEM ABROAD: ADV LANG & CULT IV	3	Cadets attend a military academy or an undergraduate institution abroad and enroll in courses that enhance their language proficiency and cultural literacy. Courses may focus on language acquisition, literature, military science, history or the social sciences. If appropriate, cadets participate in military development activities. They attend lectures and seminars and complete all course requirements. The course grade becomes part of their Academic Summary.
LN495	SEM ABROAD: ADV LANG & CULT V	3	Cadets attend a military academy or an undergraduate institution abroad and enroll in courses that enhance their language proficiency and cultural literacy. Courses may focus on language acquisition, literature, military science, history or the social sciences. If appropriate, cadets participate in military development activities. They attend lectures and seminars and complete all course requirements. The course grade becomes part of their Academic Summary.
LP204	PORTUGUESE II (STANDARD)	3.5	Continuation of LP203.
LP362	INTERMEDIATE PORTUGUESE II	3	Continuation of LP361.
LP386	MIL READINGS IN PORTUGUESE	3	Cadets gain an overview of the culture and profession of arms in the Portuguese-speaking world by reading and discussing selected materials, e.g., journal articles, training manuals, biographies or other historical documents focused on military operations or activities. The course presents a balanced distribution of topics that may encompass the training, operations, tactics, and organization of Portuguese-speaking armed forces. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater language proficiency. Videos and films complement instruction. Graded work may include giving oral presentations or writing short essays. A majority of the work is done in the language of study.
LP482	CIVIL OF PORT-SPKG WORLD	3	This course constitutes an integrated study of the culture, history, and geography of the Portuguese-speaking world. Readings, lectures, discussions, and audio-visual materials encompass the representative artistic and intellectual accomplishments, political institutions, economy, and popular culture of Portugal, the former Portuguese empire, and Brazil. In addition, the course focuses on the values and attitudes, the customs and traditions, and the social structures of the people in the Portuguese-speaking world. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater proficiency in Portuguese. Graded work may include giving oral presentations, writing short essays, or preparing a term paper. A majority of the work is done in Portuguese.
LP492	LIT OF PORT-SPKG WORLD	3	Cadets develop competence in the knowledge and comprehension of representative Portuguese and Brazilian literary works and their relationship to the cultural contexts of Portuguese and Brazilian society. Selected examples of various literary genres are read, discussed, and analyzed. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater language proficiency. Video and film presentations supplement readings, where possible. Graded work may include giving oral presentations, writing short essays, or preparing a term paper. A majority of the work is done in Portuguese.
LR204	RUSSIAN II (STANDARD)	3.5	Continuation of LR203.
LR362	INTERMEDIATE RUSSIAN II	3	Continuation of LR361.
LR386	MILITARY READINGS IN RUSSIAN	3	Cadets gain an overview of the culture and profession of arms in the Russian-speaking world by reading and discussing selected materials, e.g., journal articles, training manuals, biographies or other historical documents focused on military operations or activities. The course presents a balanced distribution of topics that may encompass the training, operations, tactics, and organization of Russian-speaking armed forces. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater language proficiency. Videos and films complement instruction. Graded work may include giving oral presentations or writing short essays. A majority of the work is done in the language of study.
LR484	RUSSIAN CIV II	3	This course constitutes an intensive study of the culture, history, and geography of Russia and the Soviet Union since the end of World War II. Readings, lectures, discussions, and audio-visual materials encompass this civilization's representative artistic and intellectual accomplishments, its present-day political institutions, economy, and popular culture. In addition, the course focuses on the values and attitudes, the customs and traditions, and the social structures of Russia. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater language proficiency. Graded work may include giving oral presentations, writing short essays, or preparing a term paper. A majority of the work is done in Russian.
LR486	SURVEY OF RUSSIAN LIT. II	3	This course is a survey of Russian and Soviet literature from the time of the Russian Revolution through the post-World War II "Thaw" period. Cadets gain basic competence in the knowledge and comprehension of representative literary works and their relationship to the cultural context of that society. Selected examples of various literary genres are read, discussed, and analyzed. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater language proficiency. Video and film presentations supplement readings, where possible. Graded work may include giving oral presentations, writing short essays, or preparing a term paper. A majority of the work is done in Russian.
LS204	SPANISH II (STANDARD)	3.5	Continuation of LS203.
LS362	INTERMEDIATE SPANISH II	3	Continuation of LS361.
LS386	MILITARY READINGS IN SPANISH	3	Cadets gain an overview of the culture and profession of arms in the Spanish-speaking world by reading and discussing selected materials, e.g., journal articles, training manuals, biographies or other historical documents focused on military operations or activities. The course presents a balanced distribution of topics that may encompass the training, operations, tactics, and organization of Spanish-speaking armed forces. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater language proficiency. Videos and films complement instruction. Graded work may include giving oral presentations or writing short essays. A majority of the work is done in the language of study.
LS484	SPANISH AMERICAN CIV AND CULT	3	This course constitutes an integrated study of the culture, history, and geography of the countries of Spanish America. Readings, lectures, discussions, and audio-visual materials encompass this civilization's representative artistic and intellectual accomplishments, its present-íday political institutions, economies, and popular cultures. In addition, the course focuses on the values and attitudes, the customs and traditions, and the social structures of the people in Spanish America. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater language proficiency. Graded work may include giving oral presentations, writing short essays, or preparing a term paper. The work is done in Spanish.
LS486	THE LITERATURE OF SPAIN	3	In this course cadets gain basic competence in the knowledge and comprehension of representative Spanish literary works, from the middle ages to the present, and their relationship to the cultural context of Spanish society. Selected examples of various literary genres are read, discussed, and analyzed. At the same time, cadets continue to develop greater proficiency in Spanish. Video and film presentations supplement readings, where possible. Graded work may include giving oral presentations, writing short essays, or preparing a term paper. The work is done in Spanish.
LW403	CONSTITUTIONAL/MILITARY LAW	3.5	This course studies the United States Constitution and the Military Justice System. Cadets will acquire information and skills in order to recognize and resolve constitutional and legal problems. The course provides analytical models for dealing with problems regarding societal and military order. Finally, the course seeks to enable the cadet to make an intelligent commitment to the values and preferences embodied in the Constitution and our system of military and civilian law. Examples from military law are used to model fundamental principles examined in the course. Significant court decisions are explored to support the course goals. Specific substantive areas include: separation of powers, judicial review, war powers, equal protection, privacy, individual rights, searches and inspections, military justice processes, and military criminal law.
LW410	COMPARATIVE LEGAL SYSTEMS	3	This course uses a comparative approach to study the three major legal systems of the world: the English common law system, the civil law system (and its branches) of continental Europe, and the Islamic legal system. These three systems are the foundation for the laws and legal systems of most of the world today, including Latin America, Africa, the Middle East and east Asia. Similarities and differences between these systems and the American legal system are explored. Social, political, and economic factors which distinguish these systems and more recently have begun to integrate them are covered. Emphasis is placed on the sources of law, the procedures for resolving legal disputes, and basic principles of civil and criminal justice.
LW472	CRIMINAL LAW	3	This course will examine the legal, social, religious, cultural, and political motivations that justice systems use to characterize certain actions as “criminal.” The course will revolve around the traditional reasons for criminal law, namely blameworthiness and punishment, and also examine how institutions use criminal law to serve their narrow interests. This course will introduce theories surrounding criminal law and illustrate how cadets may apply law immediately in their roles as officers. The course will examine federal and state criminal codes and also the Uniform Code of Military Justice. From a legal perspective based on the U.S. Constitution and other criminal codes, some of the topics covered include the death penalty, insanity, corporate crime, conspiracy, murder, necessity, and self-defense.
LW474	LAW OF WAR	3	This course is designed to develop in each student an understanding of basic law of war (LOW), with an emphasis on issues that might arise on the battlefield at a tactical level. The ethical and historical background of LOW will be examined, including Geneva Conventions and protocols, and how LOW is enforced on international and national levels, to include prosecution under the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Illustrative examples will include the Nuremberg Tribunal, My Lai, and the Gulf War. The emphasis is on the LOW responsibilities of the junior officer.
LW475	ADV CONSTITUTIONAL LAW SEM	3	This seminar course covers a broad range of traditional and contemporary constitutional law topics. In addition to studying U.S. Supreme Court cases in particular areas of constitutional law, cadets are given an opportunity to study the historical foundations of the U.S. Constitution and underlying theories and principles of constitutionalism. The seminar format demands active participation in classroom debate, role playing, and critical thinking about complex issues of law and policy. As part of the seminar curriculum, each cadet will assume the role of a Supreme Court Justice. In this role, the cadet will study a real case pending before the Supreme Court and will write an abbreviated opinion reflecting the cadet's decision based on principled reasoning. The seminar typically travels to the Supreme Court to hear argument in the studied case as part of the opinion writing exercise.
LW481	INTERNATIONAL LAW	3	LW 481 is a required course for cadets seeking to graduate with an American Legal System major or field of study. The field of international law is one of the most dynamic areas of the law, and its principles are often applied in addressing the complex security problems facing our nation. This course will familiarize you with the body of rules and expectations which govern the rights and obligations of states and international organizations, during both times of peace and conflict. In particular, this course will emphasize the aspects of international law that are relevant to the operational and tactical problems that you will confront as you deploy overseas. This course will integrate some themes from other courses in the Department of Law and reinforce some fundamental principles you will confront as you seek to understand the relationship between law, diplomacy, and military operations.
LW488	BUSINESS LAW	3	This course introduces cadets to the basics of business and commercial law. Contractual principles under the common law and Uniform Commercial Code are emphasized. Current legal issues in the following areas are explored: consumer protection; real, personal, and intellectual property law; antitrust law; and employment discrimination. Included is a survey of the basic principles of government contracting law. Additionally, cadets engage in business negotiations exercises. This course employs both case study and problem-solving methods of instruction.
LW490	SPECIAL TOPICS IN THE LAW	3	An in-depth seminar course concentrating on a single area of the law. The course is conducted by the Department's Visiting Professor or a Law faculty member when the visiting professor is unavailable.
LW495	JURISPRUDENCE AND LEGAL THEORY	3	This course studies legal thought and theory, focusing on the concept of the rule of law. It analyzes the rule of law using the perspectives of jurisprudence (the ideas and reasoning of jurists) and legal theory (using insight from disciplines such as science, economics, and political theory to address legal problems). It explores theoretical and practical approaches to identifying, developing, and preserving the rule of law, such as natural law, legal realism, law and economics, critical legal studies, and feminist jurisprudence. It applies these approaches to problems related to the rule of law, such as constitutionalism, constitutional and statutory interpretation, crime and punishment, economic development, and human rights.
LW499	THESIS II: PAPER & DEFENSE	3	This course continues the work on the thesis commenced in LW498. At the end of the course, cadets will submit their theses to the Department of Law and orally defend their theses before a faculty committee.
LZ204	PERSIAN II (STANDARD)	3.5	Continuation of LZ203.
MA100	PRECALCULUS MATHEMATICS	3	MA100 prepares cadets with background deficiencies in algebra and trigonometry for the core mathematics program. The course develops fundamental skills in algebra, trigonometry, and functions, through an introduction to mathematical modeling and problem solving. Since this course does not count toward graduation requirements; cadets enrolled in MA100 will forfeit an elective opportunity.
MA101	MATH MODELING/INTRO CALCULUS	4	MA101 continues the study of mathematical modeling and problem solving – using effective problem solving strategies and modeling theory to solve complex and often ill-defined problems. The course exercises mathematical concepts while nurturing creativity, critical thinking, and learning through activities performed in disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and multidisciplinary settings. Special emphasis is placed on introducing calculus using continuous and discrete mathematics through applied settings. The course exploits a variety of technological tools to develop numerical, graphical, and analytical solutions that enhance understanding.
MA103	MATH MODELING/INTRO CALCULUS	4	MA103 is the first course of the mathematics core curriculum, and it emphasizes applied mathematics through modeling - using effective problem solving strategies and modeling theory to solve complex and often ill-defined problems. The course exercises mathematical concepts while nurturing creativity, critical thinking, and learning through activities performed in disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and multidisciplinary settings. Special emphasis is placed on introducing calculus using continuous and discrete mathematics through applied settings. The course exploits a variety of technological tools to develop numerical, graphical, and analytical solutions that enhance understanding.
MA104	CALCULUS I	4.5	This is the second semester of the mathematics core curriculum. This course and Calculus II, the third semester of the mathematics core curriculum, provide a foundation for the continued study of mathematics and for the subsequent study of the physical sciences, the social sciences, and engineering. Combined coverage includes single and multi-variable differential calculus, single and multi-variable integral calculus, and differential equations. Throughout both courses mathematical models motivate the study of topics such as optimization, accumulation, change in one and several variables, differential equations, motion in space, and other topics from the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the decision sciences. MA104 covers single and multi-variable differential calculus including 3-dimensional geometry and vectors.
MA205	CALCULUS II	4.5	This is the third semester of the mathematics core curriculum. This course with Calculus I, the second semester of the mathematics core curriculum, provides a foundation for the continued study of mathematics and for the subsequent study of the physical sciences, the social sciences, and engineering. Combined coverage includes single and multi-variable differential calculus, single and multi-variable integral calculus, and differential equations. Throughout both courses mathematical models motivate the study of topics such as optimization, accumulation, change in one and several variables, differential equations, motion in space, and other topics from the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the decision sciences. MA205 covers single and multi-variable integral calculus and elementary ordinary differential equations. The sequence culminates with an introduction to the mathematics most applicable to each cadet’s major or engineering stem.
MA206	PROBABILITY & STATISTICS	3	This is the final course in the mathematics core curriculum. It provides a professional development experience upon which cadets can structure their reasoning under conditions of uncertainty and presents fundamental probability and statistical concepts that support the USMA core curriculum. Coverage includes data analysis; modeling, probabilistic models, simulation, random variables and their distributions, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and simple linear regression. Applied problems motivate concepts, and technology enhances understanding, problem solving, and communication.
MA255	MATH MODELING/INTRO DIF EQ	4	This is the second course of a two-semester advanced mathematics sequence for selected cadets who have validated single variable calculus and demonstrated strength in the mathematical sciences. It is designed to provide a foundation for the continued study of mathematics, sciences, and engineering. This course emphasizes the interaction between mathematics and the physical sciences through modeling with differential equations. Topics may include a study of first order differential equations, first order difference equations, second order linear equations, partial differential equations and Fourier series, systems of first order linear equations, numerical methods, and nonlinear equations and stability. An understanding of course material is enhanced through the use of a computer algebra system.
MA363	VECTOR CALCULUS AND ODE	3	This course continues the study of vector calculus from MA205 through the remainder of the vector differential operations, line and surface integrals, and the vector integral theorems of Green, Gauss, and Stokes. The focus then turns to series solutions of ordinary differential equations and solving systems of ordinary differential equations. Emphasis is placed upon analyzing a variety of practical applications that give rise to ordinary differential equations. Numerical methods of solution are also studied.
MA364	ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS	3	This course provides additional mathematical techniques and deepens the understanding of concepts in mathematics to support continued study in science and engineering. Emphasis is placed upon using mathematics to gain insight into natural and man-made phenomena that give rise to problems in differential equations and vector calculus. Calculus topics focus on three-dimensional space curves, vector fields and operations, divergence and curl, line and surface integrals. Analytic and numerical solutions to differential equations and systems of differential equations are found using a variety of techniques. Linear algebra topics include solutions to homogeneous and non-homogeneous systems of equations. An introduction to classical partial differential equations is included in the Spring semester.
MA366	VECTOR CALCULUS & INTRO PDES	3	This course provides additional mathematical techniques and deepens the understanding of concepts in mathematics to support continued study in environmental engineering. Emphasis is placed upon using mathematics to gain insight into natural and man-made phenomena that give rise to problems in differential equations and vector calculus. Calculus study focuses on vector fields, differential operators, and the vector integral theorems. This material is then used to derive the diffusion equation. Solutions of this equation via Fourier series, separation of variables, and numerical methods are then studied.
MA371	LINEAR ALGEBRA	3	This course emphasizes both the computational and theoretical aspects of linear algebra one encounters in many subjects ranging from economics to engineering. The course covers solutions of linear systems of equations and the algebra of matrices. The foundational aspects of vector spaces and linear transformations to include linear dependence and independence, subspaces, bases and dimension, inner products, and orthonormalization are developed. This is rounded out with a detailed investigation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors as they relate to diagonalization, quadratic equations, and systems of differential equations. The Invertible Matrix Theorem is explored as the conceptual/theoretical thread of the course. A computer algebra system is used to explore concepts and compute solutions to problems. Applications of the course material are included in the form of special problems to illustrate its wide scope.
MA385	CHAOS AND FRACTALS	3	This course introduces topics in fractal geometry and chaotic dynamical systems, providing a foundation for applications and further study. The topics from fractal geometry include the military applications of image analysis and data storage. The chaotic dynamical systems studied in the course are one-, two-, and three-dimensional, nonlinear, discrete and continuous dynamical systems. Topics include the logistics equation, the Henon attractor, the Lorenz equations, bifurcation theory, Julia sets, and the Mandelbrot set. These topics have applications in many fields of science, and examples from biology, meteorology, engineering, and the social sciences are studied. The course integrates concepts introduced in the core mathematics courses.
MA387	MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS I	3	A one semester course providing a rigorous introduction to the calculus of a single variable. The course is designed to introduce the student to the foundations of the calculus necessary for advanced undergraduate and graduate studies in applied mathematics and engineering. Course coverage includes a treatment of the structure of the real number system, sequences, continuous functions, and differentiation.
MA391	MATHEMATICAL MODELING	3	This course is designed to give cadets the opportunity to develop skills in model construction and model analysis while addressing interesting scenarios with practical applications from a wide variety of fields. This course serves as the entry point for both the Mathematical Sciences major and the Operations Research major. The course addresses the complex process of translating real-world events into mathematical language, solving the resulting mathematical model (iterating as necessary), and interpreting the results in terms of real world issues. Topics include model development from data, regression, general curve fitting strategies, and deterministic and stochastic model development. Interdisciplinary projects based on actual modeling scenarios are used to integrate the various topics into a coherent theme.
MA396	NUM METH SOLUTIONS DIFF EQNS	3	The focus of this course is to find numerical solutions of differential equations that result when modeling physical phenomena. The numerical solution of both initial value problems and boundary-value problems that arise with ordinary differential equations are covered. Techniques for solving partial differential equations are introduced. Software packages (Mathematica, Maple, Matlab, etc.) have proved to be very useful tools for many numerical techniques and are used to augment an understanding of course material.
MA462	COMBINATORICS	3	This course introduces the basic techniques and modes of combinatorial problem-solving important to the field of computer science and mathematical sciences such as operations research. Applications of combinatorics are also related to fields such as genetics, organic chemistry, electrical engineering and political science. Combinatorial enumeration and logical structure are stressed. Applications and examples provide the structure of progression through topics which include counting methods, generating functions, recurrence relations, and enumeration techniques.
MA464	APPLIED ALGEBRA W/ CRYPTOLOGY	3	We study the underlying algebra of computer science structures as well as sets, set functions, Boolean algebra, finite state machines, groups, and modular arithmetic. We introduce and study mathematical aspects of cryptology with an emphasis on cryptanalysis of encryption ciphers. We study early paper-and-pencil systems through current computer algorithms for encryption. We employ algebraic principles in both design and analysis of encryption systems, be it matrix, linear feedback shift register sequence, or linear congruential random number generator sequence efforts. Further, we investigate the mathematics of breaking machine ciphers and of designing modern public-key crypto systems.
MA466	ABSTRACT ALGEBRA	3	This is an introductory course in modern algebra for cadets who plan to do graduate work in mathematics or theoretical work in the physical sciences or engineering. The emphasis of the course is on group theory, considering such topics as cyclic and abelian groups, normal sub-groups and factor groups, series of groups, and solvable groups. Selected applications are interspersed with the material on group theory. The course concludes with an introduction to rings and fields. One special problem is provided to allow the student to do independent research in an area of the student's interest.
MA476	MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS	3	This course builds on the foundation presented in the core probability and statistics course to provide a mathematical presentation of the important topics in mathematical statistics. The course begins with a review of probability concepts from the core course, adding additional topics such as transformations of random variables and moment generating functions. To provide the mathematical basis for much of statistical practice, certain limit theorems and sampling distributions are proven. The central focus of the course is distribution theory, to include the theory of estimation and the theory of hypothesis testing.
MA481	LINEAR OPTIMIZATION	3	This course emphasizes the applications of optimal solutions to linear algebraic systems using the simplex method of linear programming. This includes an in-depth development of the simplex method, the theory of duality, an analysis of the dual problem, convex hull concepts, integer programming, sensitivity analysis and the revised simplex procedure. Additional computational techniques that are applicable to specific mathematical models such as the transportation problem, assignment problem and network problems are also studied. Problems illustrating applications are emphasized throughout the course. Use of existing computer software to solve problems is also emphasized.
MA485	APPLIED COMPLEX VARIABLES	3	This course presents a logical development of complex variable theory sufficient for the development and solution of a number of interesting and practical problems. Residue theory is developed and applied to problems in integration and in the solution of partial differential equations via transform techniques. Conformal mapping theory is used to solve partial differential equations for which the solution is a harmonic function satisfying prescribed boundary conditions. These classical Dirichlet-Neumann problems model phenomena arising in the study of electrostatic potential, equilibrium thermodynamics, incompressible fluids, elasticity, and other areas of continuum mechanics.
MA488	SPECIAL TOPICS IN MATHEMATICS	3	This course provides an in-depth study of a special topic in mathematics not offered elsewhere in the USMA curriculum. Course content will be based on the special expertise of the visiting professor or a senior mathematical science faculty member.
MA490	APP PROB FROM MATH, SCI & ENGR	3	This course is intended to serve as an integrative experience for cadets of all majors and FOSs. Cadets having completed the core math program will be given the opportunity to develop skills in model construction and analysis while addressing problems and scenarios with practical applications from science, social sciences, engineering, computer science and/or mathematics. Interdisciplinary projects based on actual modeling scenarios are used to integrate the various topics into a coherent theme
MA491	RESEARCH SEMNR-APPLD MATH	3	The student integrates the mathematical concepts and techniques learned in previous courses with the principles developed throughout the whole USMA Curriculum to solve a current problem of interest to the individual, to the Academy, or to agencies in the Department of the Army. Cadets may select problems from a list of suitable projects provided by the Department of Mathematical Sciences. Cadets choose a faculty advisor who has an interest and background in the problem. Cadets may work individually or in small teams, depending on the nature of the research. Regular workshop sessions will be held. Cadets will be given an opportunity to present their research at the Service Academies Student Mathematics Conference and/or other undergraduate conferences. Research reports will be reviewed, edited, and compiled into the USMA Transactions on Cadet Mathematical Research.
MA493A	OPNL CALC AND TRANSFORMS	3	This course is the logical extension and synthesis of MA484 and MA485. It employs the integral calculus of complex functions and the theory of residues to investigate solutions to a number of partial differential equations arising from electrostatics, thermostatics, elasticity, gravitation, and other fields of continuum mechanics. The Poisson-Integral Formula is applied to the solution of boundary-value problems. Fourier and Laplace transforms are studied in detail and are used to develop general techniques for the solution of many ordinary, partial, and integral equations which result from the above applications.
MA493B	REAL VARIABLE THEORY	3	Continuation of MA487. Topics include sequences and series of functions, equicontinuity power series, Fourier series, the exponential and logarithmic function, and the Gamma function. The last portion of the course will be devoted to individual research projects.
MA493C	TOPICS IN NUMERICAL ANLYSIS	3	A continuation of MA396. Topics include boundary-value problems for ordinary and/or partial differential equations.
MA493D	INTRODUCTION TO TOPOLOGY	3	The course begins with cardinality and the modern definition of a function. Then the basic properties of topological spaces--compactness, connectedness, and continuity--will be emphasized. Special attention will be given to metric topologies on Euclidean spaces. Complete metric spaces and function spaces will be introduced.
MA493E	TOPICS IN ANALYSIS	3	This course provides cadets the opportunity to pursue in detail subjects of special interest.
MA499	SR THESIS II: PAPER & DEFENSE	3	This course continues the work on the thesis commenced in MA 498. At the end of the course, cadets will submit a written thesis to the Department of Mathematical Sciences. In addition, cadets will defend that thesis before a faculty committee. Cadets will be given an opportunity to present their research at the Service Academies Student Mathematics Conference and/or other undergraduate conferences. Theses will be reviewed, edited, and compiled into the USMA Transactions on Cadet Mathematical Research.
ME306	DYNAMICS	3	Dynamics examines the motion of particles, systems of particles, and rigid bodies under the influence of forces. It focuses on the use of Newton’s Second Law, in three major, progressive blocks of instruction—from scalar, then vector, treatments of rectilinear and curvilinear motion of single particles; through vector motion of systems of particles; to general three-dimensional motion of rigid bodies. The course also provides brief introductions to energy methods: work-energy and impulse-momentum.
ME311	THERMAL-FLUID SYSTEMS I	3.5	Thermal-Fluid Systems I is an integrated study of fundamental topics in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. The course introduces conservation principles for mass, energy, and linear momentum as well as the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. Principles are applied to incompressible flow in pipes and turbomachinery, external flows, power generation systems, refrigeration cycles, and total air-conditioning focusing on the control volume approach. Laboratory exercises are integrated into classroom work. This course includes completion of a comprehensive, out-of-class design problem. This design problem provides the opportunity for students to apply engineering science and the engineering design process to a hands-on project.
ME312	THERMAL-FLUID SYSTEMS II	3	ME 312 Thermal-Fluid Systems II continues the integrated study of fundamental topics in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. The course applies conservation principles for mass, energy, and linear momentum as well as the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. Principles are applied to an automotive system to examine engine performance (Otto and Diesel Cycles) and to high performance aircraft to examine the Brayton Cycle, compressible flow, external flow, lift, and drag. Laboratory exercises are integrated into classroom work. Design problems provide the opportunity for students to apply engineering science to the design of thermal-fluid systems.
ME350	INTRO THERMAL SYS W/ ARMY APPL	3	This course is presented within the framework of a common model for the engineering design process. This model serves as a conceptual framework for study in the engineering thermal sciences. This course concerns the study of mediums and energy. The basic conservation laws are developed. The student will gain a basic engineering knowledge of thermal science applications in the Army. Emphasis is placed on practical applications of internal combustion and gas turbine engines and fluid flow. Laboratory exercises are integrated into classroom work.
ME370	COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN	3	Explores the use of computer methods as an aid to solving engineering problems. Computer techniques are studied in a variety of engineering contexts. Topics include 3D solid modeling, engineering analysis, engineering computer programming, and graphical presentation of information. Students learn to apply a variety of engineering-related programs or routines. Students write, document, and use programs of their own in design scenarios. Considerable emphasis is placed on use of the computer as a tool in the engineering design process.
ME380	ENGINEERING MATERIALS	3.5	Course explores the relationship between the microscopic structure and macroscopic properties of materials used in engineering applications. The origin of mechanical, physical properties is studied. Emphasized is an understanding of the fundamental aspects of atomic and microstructural concepts for proper materials selection and enhancement of engineering properties. Materials under study are metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, nano-sized/structured materials, biomaterials, smart materials, and semi- and super-conductors. Laboratory exercises are incorporated throughout the course to provide practical experience in making decisions concerning material composition and processing in order to optimize engineering properties. Experiences from the field are detailed to demonstrate application of concepts.
ME387	INTRO APPLIED AERODYNAMICS	3	The fundamental laws of fluid mechanics are used to develop the characteristic forces and moments generated by the flow about aerodynamic bodies. Lift, drag, and aerodynamic moments are studied for airfoils (2-D) and finite wings (3-D) in the subsonic and supersonic flow regimes. Aircraft performance and design parameters are developed in both the classroom and laboratory sessions. The laboratory sessions include low-speed wind tunnel testing and actual flight in the Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering's fixed-wing aircraft located at Stewart International Airport.
ME388	HELICOPTER AERONAUTICS	3	The aerodynamics of helicopter flight is analyzed for hover, translating, and partial power flight. Theory and experimental results are used to predict aircraft performance. The course analyzes the dynamic response of the rotor system and the performance aspects of the vehicle as a whole. This is followed by a design workshop, during which cadet groups complete the initial sizing of a helicopter to meet specific mission requirements. The course includes one flight lab in a UH-1 helicopter, a laboratory examining rotor power and thrust utilizing a whirl stand apparatus, and one field trip to a commercial helicopter company.
ME400	MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SEMINAR	1	This seminar will meet once each week and will include all First Class cadets majoring in mechanical engineering. Topics will address the concerns of professional mechanical engineers such as engineering ethics, continuing education, engineering economy, social and safety considerations, and professional registration. Project management techniques will be introduced in this seminar as well as presentations by guest lecturers on topics of current interest in the field of mechanical engineering. Guest lecturers will be primarily mechanical engineering practitioners, providing the students an opportunity to interact with professionals in their major field of interest.
ME403	MANUFACTURING/MACHINE COMP DSN	3.5	This course is an introduction to mechanical manufacturing machines and machine component design. The first portion of the class is devoted to safe, hands-on experience with manufacturing machines and equipment. Cadets will have an opportunity to work on civil and mechanical manufacturing machines that are common in machine, woodworking, and sheet metal shops such as a mill, lathe, grinder, belt sander, drill press, and bandsaw. The course progresses to fundamental engineering science applied to machine components. These topics include load, stress, and strain analyses, impact, fatigue, and surface damage. The course progresses to the study of machine component design to include mechanical components such as fasteners, springs, bearings, gears, and shafts. Welding techniques and welding equipment are introduced. The course culminates in a team-oriented process, design, and manufacture of a mechanical engineering product using the techniques, tools, machines, and equipment that were developed and taught throughout the course.
ME450	ME DESIGN OF ARMY SYSTEMS	3	This course presents mechanical engineering design as an iterative decision making process. A wide variety of mathematics, science, and engineering fundamentals are applied to the synthesis, analysis, and evaluation of mechanical components. The culminating design project provides an opportunity to experience design and to consider reliability, economics, and the judicious use of resources. A paper design and design and build projects reinforce the design process instruction. The course culminates in a student competition.
ME472	ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS	3	An overview and historical evolution of both classical and state-of-the-art energy conversion technology. Advanced analysis of energy conversion hardware, air conditioning and refrigeration as well as fossil fuel combustion processes using concepts of exergy. Major methods of direct energy conversion are covered, including thermoelectricity, photovoltaics, thermionics, magnetohydrodynamics, and fuel cells. The current state of national and world energy is presented and alternatives including renewable energy and a hydrogen economy are explored with reference to economical, political, environmental and technological factors.
ME480	HEAT TRANSFER	3.5	The three modes of heat transfer, conduction, convection, and radiation, are studied in detail and applications are made to various engineering systems. The principles of conduction and convection are used to study the mechanisms of heat transfer during boiling, condensation and the design of heat exchangers.
ME483	AERONAUTICAL SYSTEMS DESIGN	3.5	Using the aeronautical fundamentals learned in the prerequisite courses, cadet design groups apply the design process to develop and build an aeronautical systems design project. The following design areas are addressed: weight estimation, aerodynamic surfaces, stability and trim, component layout, drive trains, structural analysis, and miscellaneous subsystems. The semester-long course project is completed in phases, culminating in a final report and oral presentation. This course provides an integrative experience in support of the overarching academic program goal, and is often interdisciplinary in nature.
ME486	VIBRATION ENGINEERING	3	In this course students develop a foundation in the analysis and design of free and forced single and multi-degree of freedom systems. Applications include modeling, damping, resonance, force transmissibility, vibration absorbers, matrix formulation and modal analysis. Emphasis is placed on vibrations examples from several engineering fields. Out-of-class design problems provide students with the opportunity to apply principles taught in the classroom to realistic problems encountered by practicing engineers. In-class demonstrations supplement the theory development.
ME489	ADV STUDY IN MECH ENGRNG	3	The cadet pursues advanced study of a topic in mechanical engineering on an individual or small group basis, independent of a formal classroom setting. Similar to graduate level research, the scope of the selected project is tailored to the interests of the cadet based on resources and in consultation with a faculty advisor. To develop research skills, the cadet is integral in all phases of project completion by defining objectives, studying fundamentals and background material, outlining the approach, conducting analysis, and communicating results.
ME489A	ADV IND STDY IN MECH ENGRNG	3	The cadet pursues advanced study of a topic in mechanical engineering on an individual or small group basis, independent of a formal classroom setting. Similar to graduate level research, the scope of the selected project is tailored to the interests of the cadet based on resources and in consultation with a faculty advisor. To develop research skills, the cadet is integral in all phases of project completion by defining objectives, studying fundamentals and background material, outlining the approach, conducting analysis, and communicating results.
ME490	TOPICS IN MECHANICAL ENGNRG	3	This course provides in-depth study of a special topic in engineering mechanics or mechanical engineering not offered elsewhere in the USMA curriculum. Course content will be based on the special expertise of the Visiting Professor or a senior mechanical engineering faculty member.
ME491	MECHANICAL POWER PLANTS	3	Students engage in the analysis, testing and evaluation of internal combustion engines and their subsystems with a view toward understanding the underlying principles which affect their design. Spark ignition and compression ignition engine systems are studied in detail with laboratory opportunities to relate theory to practice. A series of component design problems is interspersed throughout the course.
ME496	MECHANICAL SYSTEM DESIGN	3.5	This course provides experience in the integration of math, science, and engineering principles into a comprehensive engineering design project. Open-ended, client-based design problems emphasize a multidisciplinary approach to total system design providing multiple paths to a number of feasible and acceptable solutions which meet the stated performance requirements. Design teams are required to develop product specifications, generate alternatives, make practical engineering approximations, perform appropriate analysis to support the technical feasibility of the design, and make decisions leading to an optimal system design. System integration, human factors engineering, computer-aided design, maintainability, and fabrication techniques are addressed. This course provides an integrative experience in support of the overarching academic program goal, and is often interdisciplinary in nature.
MG380	MARKETING	3	This course immerses cadets in Marketing theory and application. Cadets will learn and apply Marketing concepts (to include marketing strategy, market research, and marketing plans) to influence individual and group behavior, both inside and outside of the organization, to accomplish organizational goals by delivering superior customer value. Cadets will learn how to effectively segment and communicate with their target audience. Cadets will learn several frameworks that help them analyze an organization’s environment so that they can make effective, strategic marketing decisions. Application on US Army Marketing issues will be used throughout the course, including examining how to create a brand-identity for your organization. Examinations are behavioral and written. Emphasis is placed on applying the behavioral principles learned to real-world issues and their impacts on functioning as future Army officers.
MG382	HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT	3	This course begins with the premise that people are a firm’s most important resource; and that the management of this critical resource ultimately determines the success or failure of the organization. The course examines the behavioral science principles used to foster the creation of effective work environments -- environments specifically designed to elicit motivation, commitment, productivity and satisfaction. The course gives special attention to how human resource management (HRM) practices can give a firm a Competitive Advantage by using High Performance Work Systems, tending to Stakeholders' needs (customers, employees, stockholders, and the community) and through strategic Globalization. By analyzing HRM practices in terms of these three critical organizational outcomes, students learn how to apply HRM concepts to positively influence the success of the organization.
MG390	NEGOTIATIONS FOR LEADERS	3	This course immerses cadets in fundamental-level Negotiations and Bargaining theory and application. The course progresses from dual-party, single-issue, distributive scenarios to multi-party/multi-issue/integrative scenarios. Cadets learn and practice systematic ways to devise an effective strategy prior to entering a negotiation and then actually apply bargaining tools and tactics during the Negotiation in order to accomplish their individual and organizational goals. Cadets learn concepts and frameworks that help them analyze and understand human behavior so that they have a perspective from all parties involved in a negotiation. Examinations are behavioral and written. Emphasis is placed on applying the behavioral principles learned to real-world issues and their impacts on functioning as future Army officers.
MG395	FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCOUNTING	3	The purpose of MG395 is to provide and integrate the analytical tools learned in this and other courses in a management setting. Specifically, this course will provide the fundamentals of understanding, developing, and analyzing financial statements (income statement, statement of retained earnings, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows), using accounting ratio analysis, analyzing inventory, understanding costing systems and budgeting. By applying the various accounting techniques in a managerial setting, cadets will be better prepared to quantitatively support their managerial decisions. This course is required for cadets pursuing the Management major.
MG421	STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT	3	This capstone course for management concentrators in the studies in leadership and management program emphasizes the integration and application of previously learned management concepts found in private, public, and military organizational settings. Using behavioral science approaches, economic and financial decision-making, and quantitative methodologies, the course focuses on four management systems: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Management ethics, human diversity and quality management will receive special emphasis. MG421 uses the case study method that requires comprehensive, in-depth analysis of realistic management situations as the culmination of the cadet's general management studies. Two individual and three group written case analyses will examine behavioral sciences, economic, and quantitative considerations of management in private, public, and military organizational settings.
MS100	INTRODUCTION TO WARFIGHTING	1.5	This course is designed to provide cadets a foundation of military and tactical knowledge necessary for application during Cadet Field Training (CFT) and implementation in a future career as an Army Officer. Tactical instruction includes map reading and military analysis through an introduction to the military planning considerations of Mission, Enemy, Terrain, Troops, Time, and Civil considerations (METT-TC). Additionally, the instruction covers the Troop Leading Procedures (TLP), Pre-Combat Inspections (PCI), Squad Formations and Basic Squad Movement Techniques. Cadets are introduced to the Warning Order and Operations Order, and extract information needed for a squad operations order. These skills are applied in the analysis of basic tactical situations in order to reinforce basic understanding.
MS300	COMBINED ARMS OPERATIONS	1.5	This course builds upon the unit deployment scenario and instruction introduced during MS200. The course further develops the cadetýs basic knowledge of doctrine, training management, Troop Leading Procedures (TLPs), tactics and combined arms warfare. The cadet is challenged to apply this knowledge at an intermediate level of tactical thinking at the combined arms level. Instruction in the fundamentals of Army Operations continues with emphasis on offensive and defensive tactics. Additionally, cadets will demonstrate an increased understanding of the TLPs by planning and rehearsing a platoon-level offensive and defensive operation incorporating multiple War Fighting Functions. In addition to tactics, cadets continue their instruction in the Army's Training Management System by assessing and planning unit training. Cadets also examine the small unit leader's role in ensuring that the morale and ethical decision making process is applied to all operations. Finally, cadets further their preparation for leadership roles as Lieutenants during the full spectrum of operations.
MS310	TACTICS	3	This course is designed to introduce the cadet to the study of tactics, the employment of units in combat. The course presents the material in three blocks of instruction. The first block focuses on the fundamentals of tactics, using current U.S. Army doctrine. The second block introduces concepts on the art and science of tactics, exploring techniques for various operations at the small unit level, the effects of the environment, and tactics used by enemy forces in past engagements with U.S. forces. Block three focuses on tactical decision making, and introduces the Military Decision Making Process. Finally, cadets use the knowledge acquired in the course to analyze a recent tactical engagement in a capstone exercise.
MS345	ARMY TRANSFORMATION	3	MS345 prepares cadets to become future warfighters and visionary leaders of military transformation. The course first covers the US Army experience from World War I to the Global War on Terror and the dawn of Army Transformation. MS345 then explores future warfare and culminates in a course integrative project addressing future Army operations. The Course considers US Army doctrine and operational experience across the full spectrum of military operations (offensive, defensive, stability, support). It discusses doctrine and how it influences the way the US Army conducts operations. It examines the internal and external factors that influence change by applying disciplined analytical frameworks. FM 3.0 Army Operations is integrated throughout the course. Students will gain a broad understanding of the evolution of Army doctrine and organization and of critical factors influencing future war and Army doctrine. Students will also hone analytical tools and communications skills in oral presentation, and written assignments, while collaborating with professional military peers.
MS350	MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS	3	MS350 is a survey communication course that applies communication theory and concepts to military settings and situations. The course develops interpersonal and organizational communication skills. Cadets study how a broad range of communication theories relate to a variety of military situations. Upon successful completion of the course, cadets will have a basic understanding of several key communication theories and be able to apply these theories and their newly developed communication skills as junior leaders in the Army. This class teaches that which is essential for every leader - the ability to communicate.
MS360	SP OPNS/LOW-INTENSITY CONFLICT	3	This course is divided into two sub-courses. The first sub-course examines the class of military operations commonly referred to as low intensity conflict (LIC). It explores the nature and dynamics of LIC with particular attention to the differences between LIC and conventional, mid to high intensity conflict. Specifically, cadets will examine insurgency and counterinsurgency, international terrorism, and peace operations and strategy and tactics appropriate for each. The second sub-course examines Special Operations Forces (SOF). This sub-course explores the unique methods of special operators and the close relationship between SOF and LIC. Cadets will examine how U.S. SOF are organized; how special operations in general succeed; and why SOF are particularly well suited to LIC. Several subject matter expert guest speakers are integrated into the instruction throughout the course.
MS385	SUSTAINING THE FORCE	3	This course introduces cadets to the principles of logistics and the critical factors that affect sustaining military operations. The first block focuses on the principles of logistics and characteristics of logistical support, identifying the fundamentals of logistical planning of both tactical missions and expeditionary operations. The second block focuses on sustaining combat operations at the tactical level of war, applying the principles of logistics to military operations from the perspective of both mounted and dismounted junior leaders. The third block of instruction focuses on case studies, examining operations in which logistics led to success or failure on the battlefield. Cadets will leave the class with an understanding of the fundamentals of logistical planning, and an understanding of the challenges of sustaining units in combat. Students will be equipped to conduct doctrinal analysis of the logistical planning and execution of past military operations, and identify the aspects of sustainment that contributed to victory or defeat.
MS455	COMPARATIVE MILITARY SYSTEMS	3	This course's objective is to analyze the defense policies of various countries and the outcomes of those defense policies, to include national security objectives, national military objectives, military doctrine, force structure, and military capabilities. Countries studied will include actual and potential coalition partners and potential adversaries. Cadets will examine the political, economic, and social influences on each military establishment. Cultural influences on the development and implementation of the defense policies for countries studied will be examined, including the effects each country's culture has on the missions, structure, roles, and capabilities of the military. Cadets will develop their own framework of analysis to critically analyze the defense polices and cultures of other countries, and will be able to clearly articulate that analysis through written and oral means. Guest speakers include liaison officers and Foreign Area Officers to provide insight into the specific military establishments of those countries studied.
MS460	COUNTERINSURGENCY OPERATIONS	3	MS460, Counterinsurgency Operations, exists in order that cadets will 1) demonstrate a theoretical and pragmatic understanding of insurgencies, to include their temperaments, composition, strategies, employment, and irregular battlefield operating systems; 2) demonstrate a theoretical and pragmatic understanding of counter-insurgency operations, and the interrelationships between the environment, operations, enemies, and strategies; 3) demonstrate a command of historical U.S. counter-insurgency doctrinal concepts, how they relate to theory and strategy, where they are inadequate, and where they are beneficial; 4) demonstrate sound analysis and application of key course concepts using historical case studies; and 5) improve oral and written communication skills. This course begins broadly and then narrows in order to integrate theory and strategy with tactics and practicality. The first sub-course introduces the insurgency, an understanding of which is essential to leading, organizing, and implementing successful operations against it. In the second sub-course, students examine counter-insurgency operations from theoretical, strategic, operational, tactical, and practical perspectives. The final sub-course presents three historical case studies intended to engage each student's learning with both analysis and application. At a minimum, MS460 requirements include: an oral presentation that evaluates the success or failure of an historical insurgency; a short biographical paper on the methods and persona of an historical irregular warrior; a WPR that requires cadets to think through a counterinsurgency scenario in branch specific roles; and a TEE that requires cadets to examine methodologies from successful historical case studies within the scenario of a failed historical case study.
MS470	MILITARY STRATEGY	3	This course provides an overview of how national security strategy is translated into effective military strategy. The course addresses three central issues: (1) the appropriate ends of military strategy, (2) the ways we use our military capabilities to achieve national objectives, (3) and the means applied to achieved desired strategic end states. The first part of the course focuses on strategic fundamentals to include enduring theoretical approaches to strategy and basic strategic principles. Next, we apply knowledge from the first part of the course to assess strategy through the detailed examination of historical case studies. Finally, we examine current US strategic systems and how national-level strategy is synthesized into effective theater level military strategy. This includes examination of the roles and responsibilities of the various combatant commands, the examination of regional strategic issues and how our military addresses those issues, as well as the limitations of military force in the 21st century security environment.
MS489	ADV IND STUDY-MIL ART & SCI	3	The course provides an environment that is conducive to independent effort in a subject area of special interest to the cadet. Original research or specialized study can be accomplished in any of the many fields within Military Art and Science. The course is conducted in three phases. First, the cadet and the individual advisor from the Military Art and Science faculty will reach agreement on a subject area for research. Research methods will be studied under the direction of the faculty member. Research may involve field trips and personal interviews with experts in the area of study. In the second phase, the cadet will engage in independent research and prepare a draft analytical paper or report detailing the findings. During this period, frequent consultation with the faculty advisor occurs regarding the progress in the project. In the third phase, the cadet will present and define the findings before a faculty committee.
MS497	BATTLE CMD: PRACTICE/MIL ART	3	MS 497 provides a multi-dimensional experience for cadets focusing on the theory, doctrine and practice of Battle Command. ýBattle Command is the exercise of command in operations against a hostile, thinking enemyý The art of command lies in conscious and skillful exercise of command authority through visualization, decision making, and leadership.ý (FM 3-0) Command in battle is the core function for which Army officers prepare throughout their professional life. The course begins with an introduction to the theory and doctrine for battle command. Cadets will read a series of case studies and participate in a series of interactive war games in which they will act as tactical commanders. The purpose of the war games is to provide an opportunity for cadets to make tactical decisions, see how they work out, then evaluate both the quality, timing, and instance (the decision to decide) of each command decision. A staff-ride to Gettysburg will be part of the curriculum and cadets will focus on establishing the series of command decisions that formed the first dayýs response to the meeting engagement by commanders on both sides.
MS498	COLLOQUIUM IN MILITARY AFFAIRS	3	The colloquium uses seminar discussions to analyze and debate issues of command and leadership, as well as the linkage of strategic, operational, and tactical objectives in historical and current military operations. Cadets apply the fundamentals learned through previous instruction in strategy, logistics, intelligence, tactics, and irregular warfare to historical campaigns as well as current military operations. Books and selected readings will expose cadets to commanders with different leadership styles, providing them the basis for discussion, and encouraging individual study of command and leadership. Cadets will also begin, or continue to gain, greater insight into their own personal philosophy of command and leadership. Topics may vary each year in accordance with cadet interest and faculty expertise.
MX400	OFFICERSHIP	2	MX 400 is a capstone course that challenges cadets to reflect upon, integrate, and synthesize their experiences in the six Cadet Leader Development System domains as they commence the transformation to commissioned officership. Cadets will achieve a thorough intellectual understanding of the four clusters of expert knowledge of the military professional--military-technical, moral-ethical, political-cultural, and human development. Successful completion of this course will enable each cadet to achieve competence and confidence in a new self-identity in the four facets of the role of a commissioned officer--a Soldier, a leader of character, a servant of the Nation, and a member of the profession of arms. Each graduate will be capable of executing the fundamental practices of the military professional--the repetitive exercise of discretionary judgment in decision making and taking actions that fulfill the moral and legal responsibilities of commissioned officers. Upon graduation, each new 2LT will be fully prepared for the immediate challenges of junior officership and capable of a lifetime of professional growth as an officer in the United States Army.
NE300	NUCLEAR REACTOR ANALYSIS	3	This course provides the student with an understanding of the fundamental physical principles involved in nuclear fission and the operation of nuclear reactors. Starting with a brief study of relevant topics from modern physics, the course covers neutron interactions with matter, fission, neutron diffusion, neutron moderation, and the criticality of various reactor types. This course is essential for the nuclear engineer and is an excellent choice for the applied scientist.
NE350	NUCLEAR REACTOR DESIGN	3	This course focuses on nuclear reactor systems, the release of nuclear energy in the reactor core, and its removal as heat for producing electric power. Specific topics emphasize kinetics, heat transfer within the reactor, and control and design of the reactor core. A design project applies the concepts presented in this course to the solution of practical problems.
NE355	ADV NUCLEAR REACTOR DESIGN	3.5	This course focuses on nuclear reactor systems, the release of nuclear energy in the reactor core, and its removal as heat for producing electric power. Specific topics emphasize reactor kinetics, heterogeneous reactors, control rods and shim, reactor poisons, heat transfer, control and design of the reactor core, advanced reactor concepts, and the nuclear fuel cycle. The fundamentals of transport theory and the solution to the transport equation using Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNPX) transport code are introduced. The design project applies the concepts presented to practical problems.
NE400	NUCLEAR ENGINEERING SEMINAR	1	This seminar will meet once each week and will include all first class cadets majoring in nuclear engineering. The seminar topics will address the concerns of professional nuclear engineers such as engineering ethics, economics, and licensing procedures. Guest lecturers will discuss topics of current interest in the field of nuclear engineering to include DoD initiatives in the FA52 (Nuclear Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction). Much of the seminar material will be presented by guest lecturers from the military, industrial, and academic communities.
NE489	ADV IND STDY NUCLEAR ENGNRG	3	This course is an individually supervised research and study program to familiarize students with advanced nuclear or radiological engineering procedures and techniques. The primary purpose is to acquaint students with the essential features of independent research in nuclear or radiological engineering. With the approval of the Head of the Department, the cadet chooses a research project currently in progress in the Department and is supervised by a faculty member conducting the research.
NE496	ADV NUCLEAR SYSTEM DESIGN PROJ	3	This course provides experience in the integration of math, science, and engineering principles into a comprehensive nuclear system design project. The design project emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach to total system design providing multiple paths to a number of feasible and acceptable solutions which meet the stated performance requirements. Design teams are required to develop product specifications, generate alternatives, make practical engineering approximations, and perform appropriate analysis to support the technical feasibility of the design, make decisions leading to an optimal system design, and brief their interim results during in-process reviews (IPRs). Topics such economics and the Code of Federal Regulations are introduced.
PE100	PHYS ED FOUNDATIONS-MEN	3
PE109	FUNDAMENTALS OF AQUATICS	0.5	This course has two phases: phase one is a remedial swimming exploration curriculum designed to prepare cadets classified as non-swimmers for the survival swimming curriculum. The remedial phase is designed to help cadets acquire in-water experiences, and gradually refine the basic motor skills needed to be comfortable, safe, and effective in and around the aquatic environment. Phase two emphasizes the military applications of swimming and survival skills to include the elements of breath control, buoyancy positions, stroke assessment, and swimming endurance. Successful completion fulfills the survival swimming graduation requirement for selected cadets.
PE115	FUNDAMENTALS OF COMBATIVES	0.5	An entry level course that will introduce and develop stand-up combatives skills for a female soldier. Appropriate responses to aggression will be taught through a graduated approach. Cadets will learn to strike and kick with power and to close with the enemy. Realistic techniques on the ground will be covered focusing on wartime needs. Body mechanics and aggressiveness will be stressed as the female soldier is likely to be outweighed by their enemy.
PE116	BOXING	0.5	A course in which the offensive and defensive skills of amateur boxing are taught. Course content includes stances, movement, basic punches (i.e. jab, cross, hook, and upper cut), defenses, strategies, and tactics. Instruction on refereeing, judging, and serving as a corner second are presented. Boxers are evaluated, assessed and provided feedback on their ability to box. The course exposes participants to the coping strategies necessary to deal with a physical threat.
PE117	MILITARY MOVEMENT	0.5	This is a 19-lesson course designed to expose cadets to a variety of basic movement skills. The course serves as a basis for many other athletic and military activities that cadets will encounter during their time at USMA as well as in their Army career. Focus is placed on applied movement tasks for all cadets. This course takes a basic Movement Theme approach, meaning cadets are required to learn a variety of relevant skills from within the general themes of rolling, hanging, climbing, crawling, jumping, vaulting, landing, mounting, supporting and swinging. In addition, the environment (or apparatus) where a skill is performed is changed or modified to challenge the cadet and broaden the movement experience. Movement environments are designed around specific events such as tumbling, vaulting, vertical ropes, horizontal ropes, the indoor obstacle course (IOCT), horizontal bars, elephant vault, ankles to the bar (ATB), chin-ups, rings, and trampoline.
PE150	FUNDAMENTALS/PERSONAL FITNESS	1.5	The purpose of this course is to introduce cadets to the concepts and principles of personal fitness and to help them gain an understanding of the importance of personal fitness to their success as an Officer and Soldier. Cadets will participate in a series of personal assessments designed to establish a performance baseline. They will learn to apply the principles of physical fitness to develop a training program that will optimize physical performance. Cadets will develop a sense of self-responsibility and commit to the development and maintenance of their personal fitness.
PE350	ARMY FITNESS DEVELOPMENT	1.5	This course prepares future company grade officers for their roles as fitness leaders by equipping them with the knowledge to plan, implement, and assess unit physical training in a variety of conditions and by giving them opportunities to apply this knowledge.
PE412	ADVANCED CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT	0.5	This course introduces the use of weapons in close quarters combat and fosters the development of a combat survival-oriented mind set course content includes: advanced striking, kicking, joint locking, and choking techniques; basic knife and stick fighting techniques; unarmed defense against knives, clubs, or handguns; sentry takeout techniques, and police search procedures. Grading is based on the cadet's performance in a variety of simulated combative scenarios.
PE413	CBT INSTR CERT COURSE -LEVEL I	0.5	PE 413 is designed to certify cadets to teach U.S. Army Level I Combative Skills. Cadets develop a foundation of basic combative grappling skills and an aggressive mind set needed to engage and defeat an enemy in Close Quarters Combat (CQC). The course focuses on 15 basic grappling skills. Cadets are evaluated on their demonstration and knowledge of the required skills. Successful completion of the course qualifies the individual to conduct Skill Level I Combatives training for soldiers.
PE414	AEROBIC FITNESS	0.5	The Aerobic Fitness course (PE414) provides cadets with information and experience to create and conduct physical training in numerous fitness activities including those listed as alternate APFT events in FM 21-20. Cadets will participate in a variety of activities including running, cycling, swimming and mountain biking. The principles of exercise physiology taught in PE 311 Fitness Leader II, are applied throughout the course as students design and participate in various aerobic conditioning assessment activities. Multiple activities will be combined into one event in order to introduce cadets to multi-sport training and competition. Successful completion of the course results in registration with USA Triathlon as a "Registered Triathlon Leader" in preparation for certification as a Level 1 coach. Grading for the course is based upon performance, participation, a written logbook and a final examination.
PE416	BASKETBALL	0.5	This course is designed to provide cadets with the skills and knowledge necessary for playing, coaching, and officiating basketball. It is intended to assist students in developing fundamental skills for playing as well as nurturing an appreciation for basketball as a lifetime sport. A variety of offensive and defensive team strategies are taught. In addition, the leadership skills of coaching and officiating basketball will be learned. Grading for the course is based upon an officiating practical exercise, demonstrated individual skills, performance on the James Naismith Basketball Obstacle Course, instructor's assessment of each cadet's game performance and a written term end exam.
PE418	CYCLING	0.5	This course is designed to take the novice road cyclist and mountain biker through a progressive program of training and instruction. The course introduces students to basic riding skills as well as bike maintenance. The grading in this course includes daily participation, demonstration of basic riding skills in a road bike technique course and mountain bike challenge and two maintenance skills tests.
PE420	EMERGENCY WATER SAFETY	0.5	The purpose of this course is to introduce cadets who are already proficient swimmers, to first responder training in methodologies generic to Water Rescue, CPR, and Emergency First Aid. Cadets are exposed to a variety of distress and drowning scenarios, and will be able to demonstrate strategies and site specific response techniques essential to safely performing a water related assist and/or rescue. Course focus is on military application in both still water and theatre specific environments, with a special emphasis on emergency management protocol. Written evaluation, five skill-specific performance components, and successful completion of two comprehensive exit scenarios are required for successful course completion.
PE421	LIFEGUARD TRAINING	0.5	This course focuses on a holistic approach to the duties and responsibilities of a trained professional lifeguard and exposes cadets to key elements and strategies related to accident prevention, surveillance methodology, and performance. Additional content and activities focus on emergency response, search and rescue, and duty specific incident/accident management. Cadets who successfully complete certification requirements may obtain professional accreditation/licensure in Lifeguarding, CPR/PR, Oxygen Administration, and Automated External Defibrillation (AED). Additional accreditation/licensure may also be available in both Open Water and Water park Lifeguarding. Written evaluation, four skill-specific performance evaluations, and successful completion of three comprehensive exit scenarios are required for successful course completion.
PE422	AEROBIC EXERCISE TO MUSIC	0.5	Using music as the controlling factor, this course will give participants an opportunity to experience different modalities of exercise such as high/low impact, step, kickboxing, circuit training, spinning and water exercise in a group exercise setting. Participants will be assessed on knowledge of applicable fitness principles, exercise safety, and lesson construction.
PE424	GOLF	0.5	This course is designed to provide the beginner and novice golfer with the skills, knowledge, and techniques needed to play golf. The basic techniques taught are the full swing, pitching, chipping, and putting. Course grading is based upon a series of skill tests, a written examination, and a golf swing analysis.
PE426	ICE SKATING	0.5	This course is designed to provide cadets with little or no previous skating experience with the basic skills necessary to safely participate as a recreational ice-skater. The forward and backward stroke, snow plow, "T" stop, hockey stop, and forward and backward crossovers are presented. Grading is based upon the cadet's ability to demonstrate the skills taught during the course. A compulsory skating routine is used for evaluating student proficiency in skills taught during the course. Additionally, a short routine of optional figures chosen by the cadet is evaluated.
PE428	PICKLEBALL/BADMINTON	0.5	This is an 18 lesson course featuring nine lessons of Pickleball and nine lessons of Badminton. Pickleball is a sport played by two, three, or four people on a court 20'0" x 44'0" in size. Pickleball uses a wooden paddle and whiffleball and is very similar to tennis. The course focus is on the rules of play and basic skill development of service and service return, forehand and backhand drive, volley and half-volley, drop shot, lob, and overhead smash. Additional instruction in basic strategy and tactics is provided. Badminton is a sport played by two, three, or four people on the same size court as pickleball. Badminton uses a lightweight strung racquet and shuttlecock (birdie). The course focus is also on the rules of play and basic skill development of service and service return, forehand, backhand, drop shot, lob, and overhead smash. Offensive and defensive strategy and tactics are also provided.
PE429	RACQUETBALL	0.5	This course introduces the basic skill and strategy fundamentals of racquetball. Cadets learn to identify and demonstrate the basic fundamentals of: personal playing safety; rules of play; forehand and backhand stroke techniques; kill, passing, and defensive shots; serve return techniques and strategies; and backhand skills. Grading is determined by performance on four skills tests, a written test, tournament play, and an instructor evaluation of the cadet's playing skills.
PE430	ROCK CLIMBING	0.5	This course develops fundamental rock climbing skills, techniques and safety awareness. This course introduces basic rock climbing systems, rappelling, belaying, knots, top roping, and assorted climbing skills. Course grading is based on climbing skills, rappelling skills, knowledge of basic rock climbing systems, and the application of judgment and safety practices in various situations.
PE432	SCUBA	0.5	This course is designed to provide cadets with the basic skills and knowledge needed to safely participate in SCUBA diving and pursue certification as a National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI) Basic SCUBA Diver. Successful completion of this course leads to Confined Water Certification and the ability to enroll in Open Water training. The requirements of this course include the successful demonstration of skin and SCUBA diving skills, the ability to practice and adhere to safe diving activities, and the completion of a comprehensive, written final examination.
PE436	SKIING - ALPINE	0.5	This course is designed to teach beginning skiers to ski with balanced mobility and control in all terrain and snow conditions. Knowledge of skiing equipment, proper body position, stopping, gliding, edging, sliding, turning, and carving is taught. The course grade is based upon ski performance tests administered during the course.
PE437	SNOWBOARDING	0.5	This course is designed to provide cadets with the basic skills and knowledge needed to safely participate in snowboarding. The course focuses on teaching beginning snowboarders to ride in balance and control in various terrain and snow conditions. Knowledge of boarding equipment, as well as skills in proper stance and balance, stopping, gliding, edging, turning, carving and basic freestyle maneuvers will be covered.
PE438	SOCCER	0.5	This course is designed to provide cadets with the skills and knowledge necessary for playing, coaching, and officiating soccer. A variety of individual skills techniques are taught, as well as team offensive and defensive strategies. Grading for the course is based upon a written examination, evaluation of skills techniques, and tournament play.
PE442	STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT	0.5	This course provides cadets with the knowledge and hands-on experience for conducting a variety of resistance training exercises. Cadets develop the critical skills needed for teaching safe and proper resistance training techniques that will benefit both them and their soldiers. Cadets are assessed in the following areas: demonstrated proficiency performing multi-joint strength exercises; Olympic exercises and plyometrics. This course is designed to instill a lifetime desire for continued participation in a resistance-type training programs.
PE444	TENNIS	0.5	This course is designed to develop basic tennis skills including the forehand and backhand groundstrokes, serve, and volley. Students also learn the basic rules and etiquette of tennis as well as simple singles and doubles strategies. Grading is based on skills tests, an in-class singles and doubles tournament, an observation of a Corps Squad match, and a written final examination. An optional trip section is offered in the fall to the US Open Tennis Championships in Flushing, NY.
PE446	VOLLEYBALL	0.5	This course is designed to teach cadets the fundamentals of volleyball. The individual skills taught are the underhand pass, set, serve, block, and spike. Additionally, the course covers defensive and offensive formations, the transition game, officiating techniques and United States Volleyball Association (USVA) rules. Grading is based upon skill testing on the underhand pass, set and serve, a written test, and a round robin tournament.
PE451	CURRENT LIFETIME SPORTS	0.5	The lifetime sports skills series are credit courses intended to provide cadets an opportunity to learn additional sports skills which can be incorporated into lifetime fitness goals and activities. They will further the development of neuromuscular and kinesthetic abilities through the acquisition of and participation in sport skills and can be part of the cadet personal fitness programs. Specific lifetime sport activities are selected on the basis of current trends, resources, instructor expertise, and cadet needs.
PH201	PHYSICS I	3.5	This is the first course of a two-semester, calculus-based physics sequence. This course consists of an introduction to nuclear physics and a comprehensive study of classical mechanics, which is designed to promote scientific literacy and to develop the use of scientific modes of thought to solve complex problems. Topics include a survey of nuclear physics and a detailed study of the laws of motion, conservation of energy, and conservation of momentum. An integrated laboratory program illustrates basic scientific techniques and serves to stimulate intellectual curiosity. The core physics program is designed to demonstrate the relevance of physics to military technology and to help prepare future Army leaders to anticipate and adapt to technological change.
PH202	PHYSICS II	3.5	This is the second course of a two-semester, calculus-based physics sequence. It consists of a comprehensive study of electromagnetism and optics designed to promote scientific literacy and to develop the use of scientific modes of thought to solve complex problems. Topics include a detailed study of electrostatics, magnetism, circuits, geometric optics, and wave optics. An integrated laboratory program illustrates basic scientific techniques and serves to stimulate intellectual curiosity. The core physics program is designed to demonstrate the relevance of physics to military technology and to help prepare future Army leaders to anticipate and adapt to technological change.
PH252	ADVANCED PHYSICS II	3.5	This is the second course of a two-semester, calculus-based advanced physics sequence for selected cadets with demonstrated strengths in mathematics and science. It consists of a comprehensive study of electromagnetism and optics designed to promote scientific literacy and to develop the use of scientific modes of thought to solve complex problems. Topics include a detailed study of electrostatics, magnetism, circuits, geometric optics, and wave optics. An integrated laboratory program illustrates basic scientific techniques and serves to stimulate intellectual curiosity. The core physics program is designed to demonstrate the relevance of physics to military technology and to help prepare future Army leaders to anticipate and adapt to technological change.
PH366	APPLIED QUANTUM PHYSICS	3.5	This course uses the experimental and laboratory skills developed in PH361 to explore the applications of the 20th Century developments studied in PH365. The topics covered will vary but may include molecular structure, the properties of solids including metals and semiconductors, nuclear physics, and elementary particle physics.
PH374	MEDICAL RADIATION PHYSICS	3	This course focuses on fundamental radiation interactions, biological effects of ionizing radiation, radiation dosimetry, elements of shielding, and medical imaging techniques. Specific topics emphasize radiation transformations, kinetics and particle interactions, early and late biological effects of radiation, exposure and dose calculations, radiation safety regulations, x-rays and computed tomography, nuclear imaging, and special topics in medical physics.
PH381	INTRMED CLASSICAL MECHANICS	3	This course continues the development of physical principles introduced in the core physics curriculum. Direct application of Newton's laws is used to analyze phenomena such as projectile motion with air resistance, charged particle motion, and motion in a central force field. Harmonic, driven, and damped oscillations are studied in depth, as are systems of coupled oscillators. The formalism of Lagrangian mechanics is studied in depth. The mathematical tools of classical mechanics are introduced, to include vector fields, line integrals, the calculus of variations, linear algebra, and eigenvalue equations. Cadets will be required to develop and demonstrate the ability to use a computer algebra system to solve advanced problems and plot the solutions.
PH456	SCIENCE AND POLICY	3	This course challenges cadets to draw upon their core academic experience to analyze complex policy issues. The relationship and interaction between social, political, economic, and technological dimensions of these issues are explored. Emphasis is given to gaining an understanding of both the power and limitations of science and scientific thinking when confronting problems in the policy arena.
PH472	SPACE AND ASTROPHYSICS	3	This course is an introduction to two related-but not identical-disciplines of physics: space physics and astrophysics. Space physics is concerned with understanding the environment between the sun and the Earth's upper atmosphere. Coronal mass ejections, the solar wind, magnetospheric storms, and auroral precipitation are among the many phenomena studied in the context of space physics. Astrophysics is a study of stellar structure and evolution, galactic structure, and cosmology. Phenomena of interest include quasars, black holes, supernovas, and the cosmic microwave background radiation. The relative emphasis given to the two disciplines varies depending on the background of the instructor.
PH481	STATISTICAL PHYSICS	3	This course applies basic concepts of probability and statistics to systems consisting of a large number of particles to determine measurable macroscopic quantities such as temperature, pressure, energy, and heat capacity. Emphasis is placed on the calculation of the canonical and grand canonical partition functions for various model physical systems. Particular attention is focused on three ideal gas systems: a gas consisting of massive Maxwell-Boltzmann particles, a gas consisting of massless bosons (i.e., photons), and a gas consisting of fermions.
PH484	QUANTUM MECHANICS	3	This course begins with a basic introduction to the fundamental postulates of quantum theory. These postulates are then used to develop Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and Schroedinger's equation. Solutions to Schroedinger's equation are sought, first for relatively simple systems such as square wells and harmonic oscillators, and then for the hydrogen atom. The properties of the hydrogen atom are studied in detail. The course also covers approximation methods used for physical systems with small perturbing forces acting on them.
PH489	ADV INDIV STUDY IN PHYSICS	3	This course is an individually supervised research and study program to familiarize students with advanced scientific procedures and techniques. The primary purpose is to acquaint students with the essential features of independent research in physics. With the approval of the Head of the Department, the cadet chooses a research project currently in progress in the Department, and is supervised by a faculty member conducting the research.
PH489A	ADV INDIV STUDY IN PHYSICS	3	This course is a second course in an individually supervised research and study program to familiarize students with advanced scientific procedures and techniques. The primary purpose is to foster the student's continued development of the essential features of independent research in physics. With the approval of the Head of the Department, the student continues with a research project currently in progress in the Department, and is supervised by a faculty member conducting the research.
PL100	GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY	3	This course develops the ability to apply current psychological principles. Psychology is a broad and expanding discipline and the introductory course is necessarily a survey. The focus of the course is the development of an awareness and understanding of one's own behavior and the behavior of others. Emphasis is placed on applying the behavioral principles learned to the cadets' current lives and their functioning as future officers.
PL150	ADVANCED GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY	3	This course is an advanced multidisciplinary study of human behavior and leadership that focuses current psychological principles to the study and understanding of human thoughts, emotions and behaviors. The focus of the course is the enrichment of an awareness and understanding of one's own behavior and the behavior of others. Emphasis is placed on applying the behavioral principles learned to real-world issues and their impacts on functioning as future Army officers.
PL300	MILITARY LEADERSHIP	3	This course is a multidisciplinary study of leadership in an organizational context which focuses on the integration of theory and practice. The cadet studies the leader's direct influence on individual motivation and group processes through the application of leadership theories, skills, and attributes. The cadet also learns how to influence subordinates indirectly through organizational systems and procedures, organizational culture, and ethical climate. Cadets apply the knowledge gained in the classroom to their experiences as cadet leaders in the Corps of Cadets. In addition, the course helps each cadet develop usable leadership products in the form of a reflective leadership notebook, which helps the cadet define and inform his or her own personal approach to leading. The cadet will also develop a detailed and theoretically sound leadership philosophy, as well as comprehensive leader plans which have direct application to their roles as leaders in the Corps of Cadets and as future Army officers.
PL350	ADVANCED MILITARY LEADERSHIP	3	This course is an advanced multidisciplinary study of leadership in an organizational context that focuses on the integration of theory and practice. The cadet studies the leader's direct influence on individual motivation and group processes through the application of leadership theories, skills, and attributes. The cadet also learns how to influence subordinates indirectly through organizational systems and procedures, organizational culture, and ethical climate. Cadets apply the knowledge gained in the classroom to their experiences as cadet leaders in the Corps of Cadets. The cadet will also develop a detailed and theoretically sound leadership philosophy, which will have direct application to their roles as leaders in the Corps of Cadets and as future Army officers.
PL360	PSYCH ELITE PERFORMANCE	3	This course focuses on the psychological theories and applied techniques that enhance elite performance. In every performance endeavor, human beings have consistently exceeded our wildest expectations. While this has been significantly affected by the technological advances physical training, an equally, if not more significant part of these advances has been the systematic approach to psychological skills training. This approach makes performance enhancement a reality to all who are seeking to perform to their full potential, regardless of the arena in which they perform. This course reviews the current theories that underlie performance enhancement training techniques and relates them to all areas of elite level performance (academic, physical, athletic, and specific areas of military training.) Topics include the development and maintenance of self-confidence, goal setting, attention and concentration, energy management, cognitive and somatic coping strategies, visualization, leadership, and team cohesion. Students will not only understand the theoretical bases underlying these topics, but apply them, through a series of individual projects, a semester-long group research project, and weekly individual instruction, to personal areas of importance.
PL361	RESEARCH METHODS I	3	This course provides cadets with detailed practical knowledge and skills in the scientific analysis of human behavior. The course content begins with a review of the terms and philosophy of the scientific method as well as basic research concepts. Several research designs, primarily non-experimental methods, provide cadets with a better understanding of research techniques and how they affect the results of a study. Basic methods of data analysis, to include descriptive and inferential statistics, will be covered. Groups of cadets will conduct research projects on a topic of their choice using naturalistic observation.
PL371	INTRODUCTORY SOCIOLOGY	3	Sociology is the scientific study of society and the interactions among humans. The goal of Introductory Sociology is to provide a survey of the field of sociology and educate and inspire cadets to examine contemporary situations that involve social interaction and use sociological concepts, theories, and research to explain what is taking place, identify social threads and patterns across the situations, and determine the personal as well as the social significance of their analysis. Sociology demands that the student transcend the taken-for-granted, subjective world view and develop a sociological imagination by revealing the linkages and relationships among social facts and connect public issues to self awareness. PL371 is a survey course with the identification of common threads across social situations, and determining the self and social significance of facts. The teaching and learning strategy involves reading, writing, discussions, presentations, and other active-learning, hands and heads-on projects.
PL372	MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY	3	This course focuses on contemporary American families, with special emphasis on military families. It approaches the study of marriages and families from a scientific perspective, based on scholarship and research. Cadets will learn about the actual state of marriages and families in the United States, and particularly within the military population. This course uses the sociological perspective to analyze issues, as well as several other academic disciplines, such as psychology, anthropology, biology, physiology, and economics to provide additional information. Cadets will examine past and present forces that contribute to changes in the nature of marriage and families in the United States. They will explore the nature of relationships between the family and other major social institutions. They will also evaluate contemporary issues, policies, and research related to marriages and families in order to determine the social significance of these situations.
PL376	PERSONALITY & AB PSYCH	3	Building upon the elementary concepts of personality from PL100, this course examines in detail various theoretical frameworks used to study personality and abnormal behavior. The course focuses on four theoretical perspectives: the psychoanalytic, learning, phenomenological, and dispositional perspectives. After examining how the various theoretical perspectives can be used to explain personality, the course applies these perspectives to an understanding of abnormal behavior. Thus, the course focuses on developing the cadets' understanding of "normal" personality development and how and why deviant behavior may result.
PL379	GROUP DYNAMICS	3	This course is designed to improve cadets’ understanding of human behavior in small group settings. Course content includes structural characteristics of groups such as size, status, roles and norms in addition to the effects of task and environment. Cadets then use their understanding of these constructs to analyze group phenomena such as cohesion, performance, decision making, problem solving and conflict resolution. We also devote a number of lessons to current issues in group dynamics such as electronic and virtual groups, high performance work teams and shared leadership in a team environment. The course is particularly relevant to professional development in that cadets gain a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of small group and team interaction. This allows them to develop and implement creative leader actions that will maximize group effectiveness.
PL383	EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY	3	This course surveys the field of contemporary social psychology. Cadets examine the impact of social structure and group membership on social behavior, while focusing on intrapsychic processes such as attribution, cognition, and learning that underlie social behavior. The course is intended to enable cadets to more effectively analyze and explain human behavior in a given situation. Specific topics include the self, attitudes and attitude change, sex and gender, conformity, obedience, compliance, deviance, helping behavior, aggression, attraction and romance, groups and intergroup relations, and collective behavior. The classroom experience is heavily discussion-oriented in order to maximize the application of social psychological concepts, theories, and perspectives to daily life.
PL384	SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY	3	Sociological theory is a set of interrelated ideas that allow for the systemization of knowledge of the social world, the explanation of that world, and predictions about the future of the world. In some ways, all of us are amateur theorists, interpreting the meanings of the events and encounters that shape the world and ourselves. In PL384 cadets will learn in-depth how theories can help make sense of our times and to choose courses of action to realize our collective and individual dreams. In this course, theory is brought down-to-earth, to show how a sociological imagination (in other words, a theoretical consciousness that embraces self-awareness) is valuable to self and society. Questions like "Are families disintegrating?" "Why are some people discriminated against?" "What accounts for the crime rate?" "Are religion and economics compatible?" "Why is the sexual division of labor so persistent?" "Are wars inevitable?" can be addressed. Theories are thus tentative answers to the questions that preoccupy us as members of families, professions, communities, nations and, increasingly, as global citizens.
PL385	ORG SYSTEMS,THEORY & DESIGN	3	This course examines the structure and design of contemporary organizations from both a theoretical and an applied perspective. The classical works in organizational theory provide the foundation for the analysis of organizations. The study of contemporary organizations begins with the concept of organizations as systems, the relationship of organizations to the environment, and the identification of organizational goals. In addition, the impact of technology, size, power, decision-making, and type will be considered. This course helps cadets gain new insights into the leadership process within organizations in general, with an emphasis on the military.
PL387	FOUNDATIONS OF COUNSELING	3	This course introduces cadets to the fundamentals of counseling. It focuses on the practical applications of counseling theories, principles, and techniques. Using the vehicles of videotaping and audiotaping, the course emphasizes personal, performance, career, and disciplinary counseling to help prepare cadets for leadership roles both as a cadet and an officer. The course covers the counseling process and the dynamics of interpersonal relationships within that process. Counseling skills include: basic and advanced communication skills, goal setting, intervention strategies, assertiveness, crisis intervention, and multiculturalism. Examinations are behavioral and written.
PL391	SENSATION/PERCEPTN/PSYCPHYS	3	This course covers the acquisition and analysis of information by the human nervous system from examination of the physical properties of light and sound, the functioning of the visual, auditory systems and the kinesthetic processes, and the theoretical background of contemporary perceptual research. The following general topics are covered: psychophysical methods, including measurement, scaling and signal detection theory; physiology of the visual, auditory and kinesthetic systems; recognition of color and brightness, pitch and loudness, patterns, features, and the role of visual channels; visual detection and tracking; the role of kinesthesis in military applications; and research methodology in perception. Laboratory assignments stress the application of data acquisition systems on research and the construction of strictly defined experimental methods in this area of research.
PL392	COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY	3	This course addresses the processes of human information gathering, learning and memory using an information processing model. The course deals with cognitive theory and application, including stage models of processing and memory, machine models and artificial intelligence, and research methodology in these areas. Emphasis is placed on practical military applications in such areas as pattern recognition and detection, text processing, visual search and associated problems. Laboratory experiences stress development of experimental paradigms in this area of investigation and the use of test instrumentation, and computer software models to investigate cognitive processing.
PL394	ANTHROPOMETRICS & BIOMECHANICS	3	Virtually every activity in which humans engage involves interacting with our environment. Much of that interaction requires physical movement. Creating a safe workplace requires an understanding of the forces we apply to objects in our environment and how those forces can be measured and modified by better design. Anthropometrics is the study of human measurement. Biometrics is the study of forces on our muscular and skeletal system. The goal of this course is to teach cadets the fundamentals of anthropometrics and biomechanics so that they will be able to modify work environments of injury. The course will emphasize work performed in military settings.
PL398	LEADERSHIP THEORY & DEVEL	3	This course focuses on the "cutting edge" concepts and theories of leadership and leader development that are designed to help cadets better understand the leadership process to enhance leadership effectiveness and organizational performance across multiple levels of analysis. The course addresses leadership from not only the focal leader perspective, but also from the organizational, strategic and combat leadership viewpoints. The course will examine the historical evolution of leadership theory, and emphasizes scientific research and the empirical supports for existing leadership theories, and current thinking on the effective development of leaders. Additionally, cadets will study some of the emerging leadership perspectives that have been proposed to be relevant for effective leadership in the volatile, ambiguous, uncertain and chaotic world of the 21st century.
PL470	TOPICS-BEHAVIOR SCI/LDRSHIP	3	This course explores an advanced topic in Behavioral Sciences and Leadership. Specific subject matter will vary with the expertise of the senior faculty member conducting the course.
PL470A	TOPICS-BEHAVIOR SCI/LDRSHIP	3	This course explores an advanced topic in Behavioral Sciences and Leadership. Specific subject matter will vary with the expertise of the senior faculty member conducting the course.
PL471	LEADERSHIP IN COMBAT	3	PL 471 examines leadership in combat at the tactical level from an interdisciplinary perspective. It first seeks to provide a theoretical foundation for understanding human dimensions of combat, and then explores some of the factors that influence the leadership of soldiers in combat through a collection of readings, film, and first-hand discussions with combat veterans. Cadets examine four case studies and conduct a comparative analysis of two combat leaders.
PL472	CROSS-CULTURAL ORG'L BEHAVIOR	3	This course examines the individual, group and organizational level influences on human behavior in organizations. Cadets will gain an understanding of these influences and use the insights gained to formulate leader actions to effectively motivate and lead individuals and teams. The course emphasizes the practical application of organizational behavior theories and research findings to everyday situations cadets encounter as well as to those they will encounter in the field Army. Course content includes and overview of research methods in the behavioral sciences, foundations of individual behavior, diversity, international organizational behavior, motivation, decision making, feedback and rewards and power and influence. We will also examine organizational influences on ethical behavior with an emphasis on creating ethical climates in the organizations we belong to.
PL479	LEADING ORGNZS THRU CHANGE	3	The environments in which organizations operate is characterized by unprecedented change fueled by rapidly emerging technologies, information overload, changing values, lifestyles and attitudes, and social and civil problems of great magnitude. Effective leaders either to be proactive toward change or be its captive. The purpose of this course is to examine change from an organizational perspective through a complex and diverse mix of theories, concepts, and information. Course concepts are drawn from the disciplines of behavioral science, business, management, and military doctrine. Cadets have the opportunity to analyze the successes, the failures, and the multiple dilemmas of modern organizations in both the private and public sectors in order to better understand the causes, implications, and potential leader actions and strategies associated with organizational change.
PL482	ARMED FORCES AND SOCIETY	3	The intersection of armed forces and society involves the examination of two domains: the intersection of any armed force and the larger societal context and the focused study of the military as a unique social institution with a set of demands placed on the people making up the institution. Our principal focus is sociological as we use sociological theories, concepts, and research to study the military and society and culture both in the United States and abroad. PL482 is primarily a discussion course. The course expects cadets to read, write, and discuss military and society issues in-depth. Cadets integrate their knowledge gleaned from the course into a coherent and focused research project addressing any aspect involving the human dimensions of the armed forces and society.
PL488B	COLLOQUIUM-BSL-PSYCHOLOGY	3	The colloquium focuses on advanced study of behavioral science topics and issues using small group discussions of important books and articles of both traditional and contemporary topics in psychology, sociology, organizational leadership, and engineering psychology. It is a reading and discussion course. Subcourse topics are not fixed and are subject to annual revision.
PL488E	COLLOQUIUM-BSL-ENGIN PSYCH	3	The colloquium focuses on advanced study of behavioral science topics and issues using small group discussions of important books and articles of both traditional and contemporary topics in psychology, sociology, organizational leadership, and engineering psychology. It is a reading and discussion course. Subcourse topics are not fixed and are subject to annual revision.
PL490	ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY	3	This course integrates the material previously covered in the Human Factors curriculum, especially PL485, Human Factors Engineering. It uses the theoretical bases and practical applications of Human Factors Engineering in the treatment of design problems. Emphasis in this course is on the design of systems to fit human capabilities. Course project is a design project of a contemporary applied problem.
PL498	ADV STUDY-BEHAVIOR SCI	3	This course allows selected cadets to design an advanced study project under the guidance of a member of the BSL faculty. The advanced study, designed with the guidance of the faculty advisor, can be a thesis, research program, or service learning project. Depending on the nature of the project, cadets will work individually or in small groups. Cadets may conduct work in such areas as Leadership, Engineering Psychology, Sociology, or Psychology.
PL499	LEADERS IN ACTION	3	This course is designed to enhance cadets' leadership performance through the application of essential leadership skills in challenging, on-going, real-world projects, and scenario-driven leadership laboratory exercises. The course uses a series of "concept study > actions > reflections" (CAR) cycles to focus students on the enhancing (and hindering) factors that typically surface when an individual has responsibility for executing a project and must "do" leadership. Cadets move through a CAR cycle in three related stages. First, cadets consider specific concepts, theories and models of leadership covered in prior courses. Then, using a pool of projects resourced by the faculty expressly for this course, cadets wrestle with real-world leadership projects (such as leading an organizational unit through an unexpected change), keeping these issues and insights in mind. Finally, both during and after the project, cadets engage in self-reflection exercises (e.g., journals) and meet with faculty mentors, to help process and make sense of their leadership experience on both a personal and conceptual level.
PY201	PHILOSOPHY	3	This course helps third class cadets develop their capacities to think clearly and critically. It acquaints cadets with various viewpoints on major philosophic issues, assists them in acquiring a facility with the language, arguments, and methods of moral discourse, and gives special attention to the subject of war and morality.
SE300	INTRO TO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING	3	SE300 serves as the "roadmap" course for all cadets taking the three-course Systems Engineering sequence. This course presents the methodological framework and techniques for designing, implementing, managing and reengineering large-scale systems or processes. Cadets learn engineering design and engineering management processes and gain an appreciation for the future environments and systems life-cycles. Cadets analyze case studies and complete practice problems to illustrate mastery of course topics. Cadets also use spreadsheet software for modeling and analyzing design alternatives. Cadets will spend eight to twelve lessons in a computer lab environment.
SE301	FNDTN ENGIN DSGN & SYS MGMT	3	SE301 serves as the "roadmap" course for all cadets taking the Engineering Management, Information Systems Engineering, Systems Engineering, or Systems Management majors. This course presents the methodological framework and techniques for designing, implementing, managing and reengineering complex systems or processes. Cadets learn engineering design and engineering management processes and gain an appreciation for future environments and system life-cycles. Cadets analyze case studies and complete practice problems to illustrate mastery of course topics. Cadets also use spreadsheet software for modeling and analyzing design alternatives. SE301 introduces a Systems Engineering Management Process while incorporating material from courses in the USMA core curriculum and also previews the modeling and decision making tools that cadets will learn in follow-on Department of Systems Engineering courses. The course is designed to allow cadets the opportunity to learn engineering design and engineering management processes on an individual level so that each cadet will have the experience necessary to succeed in future Systems Engineering courses. Cadets will spend eight to twelve lessons in a computer lab environment.
SE350	SYSTEMS MODELING AND DESIGN	3	SE350 is the second foundation course of a three-course sequence for non-engineering cadets. It focuses on the application of deterministic and stochastic models to help cadets analyze and understand different alternatives. Cadets learn to apply various modeling techniques that represent and solve real-world problems in the military, government, and industry. SE350 utilizes traditional classroom setting and computer labs, applying the fundamental principles and assumptions of analytical models. Cadets practice uses of spreadsheets to develop and analyze models. A key goal is for cadets to communicate their analysis and recommendations to a decision maker. Ethical responsibilities in describing the results of analyses to decision-makers are integrated throughout the course. Cadets are expected to apply their knowledge of course material in several computer lab exercises throughout the course.
SE370	COMPUTER AIDED SYSTEMS ENG	3	Cadets learn how to use information and technology in support of systems decision-making. They learn the basics of data collection and storage through a database design exercise. They learn how to manipulate data in spreadsheets to support decisions. The course introduces cadets to 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional virtual design and visualization. They also get an introduction to geospatial data analysis and display in support of military operations. Cadets learn how to effectively use technology while interacting with decision-makers. Communication skills are developed through both written and oral projects and development of interactive graphical presentations. Cadets will spend most lessons in a computer lab environment.
SE384	STOCHASTIC PROCESSES	3	This course is an integral part of the Systems Engineering major and emphasizes the understanding of concepts underlying many of the models used by systems engineers. It introduces cadets to stochastic models that describe how systems change over time. It emphasizes models of random events that occur in real world examples. The topics covered include Markov Chains, Poisson Processes, birth and death processes, , reliability and queuing theory. Applications are from many areas, including telecommunication systems, combat systems, and industrial production and distribution systems. This course adds depth to mathematical modeling concepts used by Systems Engineers in the analysis and design of real world systems. Communication skills are developed with both written and oral presentations of modeling results.
SE385	DECISION ANALYSIS	3	The course presents basic techniques of decision-making concentrating on both theoretical and modeling aspects. This course develops innovative systems engineers who can integrate the art and science of decision making for single and multiple objective environments to support the Decision Making phase of the Systems Design Process (SDP). The focus of the course is modeling problem structure, uncertainty, risk and preference in the context of decision-making. Topics include influence diagrams, decision trees, sensitivity analysis, assessing subjective probability, value of information, risk and uncertainty. Cadets will also use value focused thinking to support decisions in multiple objective and resource allocation environments. A series of several computer laboratory exercises provides a key bridge between the mathematical theory and the application of skills to open-ended decision problems. Communication skills are developed with both written reports and oral presentations.
SE387	DETERMINISTIC MODELS	3	This course is the first of a two-course sequence that emphasizes modeling and analysis of real-world systems. This course focuses on modeling techniques without consideration of uncertainty or probabilistic effects. The course introduces the deterministic modeling process and many of the classical deterministic models used by systems engineers, operations researchers, and management professionals to identify and analyze alternatives as part of the Systems Design Process (SDP). Emphasis is placed on creative application of the modeling process to include formulation, solution methods, analysis of results, and interpretation. Topics include deterministic life cycle cost modeling, linear programming, sensitivity analysis, networks, transportation models, dynamic programming and integer programming. Cadets will spend several lessons in a computer lab environment.
SE388	STOCHASTIC MODELS	3	This course is the second of a two-course sequence that emphasizes modeling and analysis of real-world systems. Continuing from the modeling process introduced in SE387, this course introduces the stochastic modeling process and many of the classical stochastic models used by systems engineers, operations researchers and management professionals to capture and describe quantitative effects of uncertainty on decision-making as part of the Systems Design Process (SDP). Topics include stochastic life cycle cost modeling, conditional probability models, basic inference chains, Markov Chains, Poisson Processes, birth and death processes, counting processes, queuing systems, and simulation. This course prepares cadets for the modeling required in follow-on courses, including SE481, EM484, SE485 and SE402/403. Cadets will spend several lessons in a computer lab environment.
SE400	PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING SEMIN	1	This seminar course for SE and EM majors meets once a week to address the concerns of professional engineers such as engineering ethics and licensing procedures. The seminar also includes presentations by guest lecturers from the military, DoD industrial base, and academic communities.
SE403	SYSTEMS DESIGN II	3.5	Systems Design II is the second course in a two-semester capstone experience for Systems Engineering, Information Systems Engineering, and Operations Research majors. SE403 integrates the principles, concepts and models explored in previous core and engineering courses. The course applies the principles of systems design, engineering management, and/or reengineering to a real-world system of direct concern to a real-world client. Cadets work under the supervision of a faculty member to continue work on the same project begun in SE402, culminating the integrative experience in their education.
SE450	APPLIED SYS DSGN/DECISN MAKING	3	This course is the third course of the three-course systems engineering sequence. The course serves as the culminating systems engineering experience for non-engineering cadets and integrates the principles, concepts, and models explored in previous courses. Cadets apply the Systems Decision Process to devise technological problem solutions that are effective and adaptable. Cadets work in groups to complete a culminating engineering design experience involving the solution of an incompletely defined problem with no single correct answer. Cadets must consider the economic, political, social and ethical constraints of the system and use creativity to generate potential design alternatives. Cadet groups will use models to analyze the alternative solutions and make a recommendation based on economic analysis and system performance. The course requires assessment of the recommended solution and a written plan for implementation.
SE481	SYSTEMS SIMULATION	3	Cadets learn and explore discrete event simulation techniques and tools used to analyze and improve complex systems. Applications include operations, transportation, manufacturing and logistics systems. Topics include functional modeling with functional flow diagrams and IDEF0 models, simulation theory, the modeling process, input data analysis, generation and testing of random numbers, verification and validation of simulation models, experimental design, output analysis, and application using simulation software. The course concepts provide cadets the tools to evaluate military and civilian systems. Emphasis is placed on using simulation in the Systems Design Process (SDP). Cadets demonstrate proficiency and develop communication skills through design projects and briefings. Cadets spend several lessons in a computer lab environment.
SE489	AD IND STY IN SYS ENG/ENG MGMT	3	This is a tutorial course in which an individual cadet or a group of cadets study in depth an advanced topic in systems engineering or engineering management under the direct mentorship of a faculty advisor. The scope of the course is tailored to the desires of the cadet(s) in consultation with a faculty advisor. Cadets will coordinate with a faculty mentor who has an interest and background in the research area and who will assist in scoping and developing course content. Communication skills are developed and assessed through both written reports and oral presentations.
SE490	AD TOPICS IN SYS ENG/ENG MGMT	3	This course provides in-depth study of a special topic or topics in systems engineering or engineering management not offered elsewhere in the USMA curriculum. This course is intended to broaden a cadet's or group of cadets' exposure to the systems engineering or engineering management discipline. The Department of Systems Engineering visiting professor or senior faculty member assigned to the course is responsible for developing the course topic or topics and advertising the course to prospective cadets.
SE491	RSRCH PROJ IN SYS ENG/ENG MGMT	3	The cadet, or cadet team, integrates the concepts and techniques learned in previous Systems Engineering or Engineering Management courses to solve a current problem of interest to the Academy, the Department of the Army, or other agencies in the Department of Defense. Subject to approval from the course and program directors, cadets may select project topics which are follow-on research from their summer AIAD experience, a topic of interest to them, or one that is compatible with on-going research within the Department of Systems Engineering and/or the Operations Research Center of Excellence. Cadets will coordinate with a faculty mentor who has an interest and background in the research area and who will assist in scoping the project and directing the research effort. Cadets may work individually or in small teams, depending on the nature of the research. The course will culminate with a student presentation and a written report.
SM401	SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT CAPSTONE	3.5	This is the integrative, capstone course for the Systems Management major. SM401 integrates the principles, concepts, and methodologies presented in the methods and formulation courses by providing the cadets the opportunity to develop or improve real-world systems and plan for their implementation. Real-world problems offer cadets an opportunity to design creative alternative solutions to current, open-ended problems representative of those found in today's society and Army. Cadets will work in teams to apply the systems decision process while applying knowledge of mathematics, science, and modern engineering tools, and technologies to provide accurate, representative, and reliable models of alternative solutions that satisfy client needs. Cadets develop their communicative skills as members of the team through presentations and written reports. Ethical implications in the design and development of real-world systems, as well as interaction with decision makers, are included in the course.
SM421	SYSTEMS ACQUISITION MANAGEMENT	3	This course develops skills related to the acquisition tasks of strategically managing, planning, and implementing acquisition programs and reforms. The course focuses on using fundamental concepts that enhance acquisitions management processes and outcomes. Topics include the acquisition core competencies: theory and principles, systems perspective, project management, technology integration, and modeling and simulation. Other topics include knowledge management, organizational behavior, decision making, and risk management. Case studies illustrate acquisition issues and how to solve them. A course project provides practical application reinforcement of acquisition principles. The course also addresses ethical implications in the acquisition of systems to accomplish military missions.
SS201	ECONOMICS-PRINCPLES/PROBLEMS	3.5	This standard course presents the basic principles of economic analysis and their application to contemporary economic problems and supports the further study of economics and related disciplines in the social sciences. The course is organized into three general sections: microeconomics, outlining basic theory of allocation by supply and demand in a market economy and relating this theory to contemporary issues; macroeconomics, surveying the theory of aggregate economics and illustrating the application of macroeconomic theory to public policy in the American economy; and international economics, introducing trade theory and international monetary theory and policy and application of economics to selected public policy issues (taxation and resource allocations, provision of public goods, etc). Cadets examine the implications of economics on national security and defense, and the use of economic analysis to improve decisions they will make as Army officers.
SS202	AMERICAN POLITICS	3.5	This course explores the American political system ý how it works, its strengths, its weaknesses, its conflicts, its controversies. The course emphasizes how our democracy makes decisions about politics & policy to balance the many competing values and demands of a free society. The course begins with the study of the constitutional foundations of American government and then examines political behavior, institutions of government, and the policy making process. The course integrates the study of civil-military relations and the broader study of political science as a discipline throughout the semester.
SS251	ADVANCED ECONOMICS	3.5	This advanced version of SS201 presents the basic principles of economic analysis with a greater focus on their application to contemporary economic problems. The course is organized into three general sections: Microeconomics, outlining basic theory of allocation by supply and demand in a market economy and relating this theory to contemporary issues; Macroeconomics, surveying the theory of aggregate economics and illustrating the application of macroeconomic theory to public policy in the American economy; and International Economics, introducing trade theory and comparative advantage. Cadets examine and present their analysis of the implications of economics on national security, defense, as well as current policy issues as well as learning the use of economic analysis to improve decisions they will make as Army officers.
SS252	ADVANCED AMERICAN POLITICS	3.5	This course provides selected students the opportunity to examine political power, political organization, and political action. The structure of the course is similar to that discussed in SS202 listed above. Students will learn how political scientists analyze the events and behaviors called "politics" using theoretical perspectives. Students will sharpen their critical thinking and writing skills through a research project, case studies, and class presentations.
SS307	INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS	3.5	The objectives of this course are to provide cadets with an introduction to the fundamental concepts of international politics and the analytical tools necessary to evaluate "why states do what they do." In accomplishing these objectives, SS307 builds upon a cadet's prior academic training in history, English and philosophy, economics, and political science. Emphasizing intellectual pluralism, SS307 focuses on the value of self-consciously applying different theoretical perspectives to international events to obtain improved understanding. Cadets examine key issues such as the consequences of anarchy, the need for security, the role of power, the use of force, international trade and markets, alternative political philosophies, foreign policy making, and the influence of culture in international affairs.
SS357	ADV INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS	3.5	This advanced version of SS307 presents cadets with an introduction to the fundamental concepts of international politics and the analytical tools necessary to evaluate “why states do what they do” with a more in-depth focus on their application to current international events. SS357 also introduces students to a wider range of theoretical approaches and applications. Emphasis is on rigorous, critical analysis, and classroom discussion.
SS360	POLITICAL ANALYSIS	3	This course is an introduction to the methods and techniques of research in contemporary political science. It is designed to improve students’ ability to think critically about politics. This course differs from many other courses in its emphasis building critical thinking skills rather than mastering specific facts and theories. The most important of these skills are inference and causal reasoning. Rather than simply accepting “expert” answers to fundamental questions of political life, students will learn how to critically evaluate previous answers offered by others. Much of this course is devoted to practical exercises in which cadets put various research methods to work to answer important questions relevant to the field of political science. The course covers the philosophy of science, experimental method in the social sciences, quantitative analysis, and survey research.
SS364	GAME THEORY	3	Game theory is designed to provide students with the tools necessary to think through the various courses of action available as they face a uncertain situations, determine market reaction to each alternative, identify the costs and benefits of each course of action and select the course of action that minimizes cost while maximizing benefits. The purpose of this course is to introduce cadets to the application of strategic thinking to tactical scenarios. This course consists of two components that are taught concurrently. The first component is the introduction of basic game theory and the second component is the application of those theories to tactical and strategic choice scenarios.
SS366	COMPARATIVE POLITICS	3	The objectives of this course are to analyze the sources of stability or instability in political regimes, and to examine the conditions that promote either democracy or dictatorship. Our first task is to describe different regimes--what do we mean when we call one democratic and another authoritarian? We approach this first task by building a regime model. As we do so we seek to understand what makes political regimes stable or unstable by analyzing their effectiveness, popular legitimacy, and institutional adaptability. All regimes are challenged by change, but some remain stable in the face of change, while others are transformed. Why? And is it possible to argue that there is a “best” type of regime? Are there universally valid criteria -- across time and space -- that we can use to compare regimes? Why do regimes succeed, fail, and change? As well as being central to the discipline of political science, these questions also play an important role in world politics and the formulation of US foreign policy. Since we are both students of political science and professionals who will serve as policy executors, the study of comparative politics offers significant rewards. After building the model we take it through various regions of the world, using the comparative method, analyzing the variables which change from regime to regime in liberal democracies, communist and post-communist states, newly industrializing and less developed countries, and the Islamic world.
SS368	ECONOMETRICS I	3	This course is designed to teach students how to quantify, test, and employ economic theories as they are used in real world applications. The course covers the use of economic theory and data in the construction, estimation, and interpretation of econometric models. Special emphasis is placed on estimation of parameters of economic models and statistical inference using estimated models to determine the validity of economic theories. The primary mathematical tool employed in the course is multiple regression analysis. A number of applications demonstrate the use of the techniques studied.
SS370	MASS MEDIA & AMER POLITICS	3	This seminar introduces cadets to what is perhaps the single most influential private institution in the American political system ý oftentimes referred to as the ýfourth branchý or ýfourth estateý of American government. The mass media, to include newspapers, television journalism, radio, the arts, and the internet, receive both theoretical and practical inquiry. In particular, the roles, motivations, and effects of the constitutionally protected media on American political institutions and policymaking are extensively probed. One third of the course is dedicated to the study of the relationship between the military and the media in order to develop meaningful policy prescriptions for future deployments and another third of the classes are dedicated to prominent guest speakers. Finally, the semester is topped off with a trip section to New York City to meet with the NYT, Fox News and MSNBC to round out the educational experience.
SS374	POL & GOV OF KOREAS & JAPAN	3	Seminar course designed to introduce the cadets to the politics and government in Japan and the Koreas. Students draw on an appreciation and understanding of culture, history, sociology, economic and political science foundations in studying the actors and relationships in Northeast Asia. Focusing on how ethnic, social, cultural, and economic factors determine state legitimacy and influence internal state choices, students explore the cooperation and competition between Japan, Korea and the U.S. The course incorporates an examination of US foreign policy toward Japan and Korea and explores the prospects for productive, stable relationships.
SS375	GOV & POL RUSSIA & NEIGHBORS	3	This course surveys the post-Soviet landscape. It explores the political, social, economic, and cultural terrain of Russia and the other states that emerged after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The course begins with a review of Russian and Soviet history - the foundation to understanding the dramatic implosion of the Soviet Union and the tumultuous events which followed. The course also employs theories and concepts to help the student assess why democratization and marketization have been so difficult in this part of the world. The course concludes with an examination of US foreign policy toward the region and the prospects for productive, stable ties with Russia and its neighbors.
SS376	PUB ADMIN AND ORG'L POLITICS	3	In this course we will explore public administration with specific emphasis on organizational and bureaucratic politics. First, we will seek to understand various theories concerning the creation and functionality of political organizations. We will then apply this knowledge to a range of case studies within American government and administration. We will strive to think critically about the structure and function of all organizations ranging from a local community advisory board to the Department of Defense. With this knowledge, we will gain a better understanding of the place of a soldier within the community, the Army, the state, and beyond.
SS378	ADV INTL RELATIONS THEORY	3	This course uses the foundation provided by SS307/357 to provide cadets with an in-depth assessment of the field of international relations. The course begins by evaluating alternative theoretical perspectives, including realism, liberalism/institutionalism, and constructivism. Cadets are introduced to classic as well as contemporary works, which are examined in terms of their cultural, political, and academic context. Cadets examine topical cases pertaining to war, wealth, and state formation/transformation. Throughout the course, cadets explore the value and limitations of IR theory in framing and implementing policy.
SS379	LEGISLATIVE POLITICS	3	This course deals principally with the U.S. Congress but also considers other legislatures to include those of state governments. It focuses on the role of legislatures in political systems. The course addresses the development of the U.S. Congress, the behavior of legislators, the workings of committees, and the responsibilities of legislative leaders. Case studies, practical exercises, and guest lecturers are used to highlight these topics. Emphasis is also placed on the Congressional Budget Process as well as the impact of Congress on military, economic, and international issues, domestic, foreign and economic policy.
SS383	POLITICS & GOVT-MIDDLE EAST	3	The Middle East is an area of constant and significant change. This course provides an overview of the Middle East (including the Arab world, Iran, Israel and Turkey) and focuses on the historical and political dynamics, which influenced and continue to shape change in the region. Several issues will be treated in detail including: religion and state in Islam; political competition among the Arab states; the Palestinian question and the Arab-Israeli conflict; oil and the Gulf states; and the meaning of non-regional power influence in the region.
SS384	POLITICS & GOVT-LATIN AMER	3	This course provides an introduction to the study of the politics, political institutions, and international relations of Latin America including Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America. It surveys the state of Latin America in the post-Cold War world with an emphasis on modernization, democratic stabilization, and economic interdependence through the comparison of the interrelated nature of polity, society, and economy with cases from each region. The course is divided into five blocks. Block I provides an introduction, conceptual overview, and historical background. Block II focuses on the role of the state, regime types, and modernization using case studies of key countries in the region. Block III addresses the problems of poverty and economic development. Block IV addresses social issues, including revolutionary movements, and critical problems such as class, race, and gender. Block V provides an overview of U.S. policy towards the region, including security relations, the role of the military and contemporary issues such as counter-terrorism and counter-narcotics policy.
SS386	POLITICAL THOUGHT AND IDEAS	3	Students will read critically the original works of major political thinkers, with the goal of examining different perspectives on the principal questions of political thought. Among these are: "Is government based on the consent of the citizenry?", "What constitutes a just society?", "What is the purpose of government?", "Are freedom and equality reconcilable?" As a result of taking this course, the student will not only understand these central questions, but also be able to apply the theoretical prescriptions offered by thinkers to contemporary political issues currently debated throughout the world.
SS388	MACROECON THEORY & PRACTICE	3	This course is dedicated to the study of aggregate economic activity. The course examines the determinants of long run growth, and then addresses short run economic fluctuations. The course uses various models, including the Solow Growth Model, the IS-lM model, and the Aggregate Demand - Aggregate Supply model. The microeconomic foundations for macroeconomics are discussed, and current macroeconomic policy issues are debated. These issues are discussed within the context of both open and closed economies.
SS391	FINANCE FOR ARMY LEADERS	3	This course addresses most of the major personal financial planning issues that you will face as an individual and as an Army Leader. The course incorporates all of the latest concepts and procedures used in sound financial planning and effective money management. The course includes the principles of financial planning, budgeting and time value of money and progresses through investment alternatives, mutual fund selection and evaluation. Taxes, personal risk management, estate planning along with major purchase planning are covered during the course. The course culminates in development of a formal written financial plan based on the cadet’s projected future situation several years after graduation. Prerequisites include familiarity with applied statistics and regression analysis. Armed with the knowledge and tools from this course, SS391 will provide you a set of analytic tools and will help you develop a way of thinking which will assist you in making numerous decisions required of an Army officer.
SS394	FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING	3	This course is an organizational leader's introduction to financial and managerial accounting, essential topics for students concentrating in engineering management, general management and economics. Cadets study the Accounting Cycle in detail, starting with analysis and recording of business transactions and culminating in the production of the financial statements of the corporation. Cadets also study basic principles of asset valuation, revenue and cost recognition, and analytical techniques for individual asset, liability, and capital accounts. The Managerial Accounting block is focused on cost-volume-profit analysis, Job-order Costing, and Activity Based Costing. The course culminates with a complete financial statement analysis comparison of three companies that enables cadets to apply the concepts of both financial and managerial accounting to modern corporations to answer the question: "Which company is well-managed today and best-positioned for success in the future?"
SS464	HOMELAND SECURITY	3	The purpose of SS464 is to address the complex challenges of homeland security through an interdisciplinary approach. The goal of this course is to provide future leaders with a thorough understanding of the homeland security policy area. This course explores how the evolving nature of the terorist threat, particularly catastrophic terrorism, poses unprecedented and complex challenges to how America provides for its security. The course examines how homeland security policy intersects with other domestic and foreign policy issues, how our federalist system of government affects homeland security, and how moral, ethical, and civil liberties concerns complicate the development of effective homeland security policies. By analyzing the threat and developing an understanding of the unique policy problems and tools of homeland security, the course enables students to critically assess national efforts in such areas as border security, domestic counterterrorism policy, critical infrastructure protection, and emergency preparedness and response. Students will learn about the major policy and institutional reforms underway in the homeland security policy area, examine whether these changes are improving or will improve U.S. security policy, and develop their own views on the direction of national homeland security policy. The course will enable students to think critically about how the United States' overseas efforts to combat terrorism, preempt emerging threats, and counter the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction relate to domestic homeland security efforts. By the end of the course, students will gain a solid intellectual foundation to think critically and creatively about America's efforts to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce our vulnerability to terrorist attack, and minimize the damage and recover from attacks that may occur.
SS466	ADVANCED TERRORISM STUDIES	3	The Advanced Terrorism Studies course represents a unique opportunity for students to conduct in-depth and integrated study on the most pressing past, present and future terrorist challenges to the United States and its interests. The objectives of this course are: (1) to synthesize and apply the cadet's studies across core, area, and elective course work to the thematic issue of terrorism; (2) to apply methodological skills of research design, conceptual reasoning, analysis, and research gained to terrorism; (3) to extend the cadet's in-depth study of the selected area of interest beyond the level obtained in course work with regards to terrorism; (4) to design and conduct focused research; and (5) to develop cadet skills in conceptual reasoning, critical analysis, and effective writing.
SS472	AM CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS	3	Since the Vietnam era, the relations between the American armed forces and the society they serve have been well documented. After the establishment of the All-Volunteer Force, military professionalism strengthened in all of the services, defense organizations did adapt to changing needs despite service parochialism, and the interactions between military leaders and political leaders were generally within the scope of American traditions. Then, during the 1980's, society's demands for remarkable changes in soldier demographics (e.g., women in combat units, gays in the military, etc.) and the sudden end of the Cold War in 1989, caused American civil-military relations to fray and tensions to abound. These tensions have continued right through the events surrounding 9/11 to the present, e.g., to the arguments over the conduct of Operation Iraqi Freedom, the reauthorization of the Patriot Act and the size of the U.S. Army. In this "long war" context, where the missions assigned the Armed Forces are so different from the recent past, where the demands on the professional Army officer and the profession of arms contrast so sharply with those of most in American society, we will use an interdisciplinary approach to sort out the norms for America's current and future Civil-Military Relations.
SS473	AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY	3	This course examines the development, implementation, and consequences of American foreign policy. It analyzes the actors who make American foreign policy, concentrating both on government sources such as the president, Congress, and the foreign policy bureaucracy, as well as external sources such as public opinion, interest groups, and the media. The course examines key events in U.S. foreign policy history through the lens of 'policy choice.' What choices did U.S. foreign policy makers confront? What policy did they choose to implement and why? What were the consequences of that policy? Utilizing the lessons from these historical case studies, the course then examines the current challenges and dilemmas that confront the United States. Some of these include U.S. relations with China, Russia, and the European Union, energy politics, the Arab-Israeli crisis, weapons of mass destruction and rogue states, terrorism, democracy promotion, and the global response to US foreign policy. In exploring each of these current challenges and dilemmas, this course attempts to understand the policies and strategies the U.S. utilizes to secure its interests and achieve its objectives.
SS474	TERRORISM: NEW CHALLENGES	3	The purpose of SS474, is to address the challenges of terrorism in the current and future global security environment through an interdisciplinary approach. Specifically, this course examines the unique challenge terrorism poses to liberal democratic states, policy makers and to military professionals. By analyzing the different perspectives of terrorism, given a variety of political and strategic contexts, students better understand terrorist motivations, strategies, means and ends. Finally, the course explores how a liberal democratic state can best fight terrorism in this new threat environment.
SS475	DEMOCRATIZATION	3	This course explores the fundamental political concepts of democracy and democratization. The assigned readings examine the normative and practical underpinnings of democracy, as well as the specific causes – and potential reversals -- of the “Third Wave” of democratization that has spread throughout the world over the past three decades. The course also debates effective American policy choices for newly emergent democracies that often suffer from instability and inequality. SS475 places particular emphasis on the states of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and on the problem of constructing a new post-Soviet security architecture in a context of democratization. The course also applies democratization concepts to the Middle East with case studies in Iraq and Afghanistan.
SS476	CONFLICT ANAL/RESOL/NEGOTIATN	3	This course provides a broad overview of the nature of global conflict in the 21st century and investigates conflict prevention, conflict intervention and management, and post-settlement operations. The course also provides students an introduction to the field of conflict resolution and inter-cultural communication, and is centered around hands-on skills-building with individual and team negotiation practical exercises which allow students to develop individual mediation and negotiation skills. In addition to graded role-play simulations, requirements include a WPR, and a final conflict analysis paper and presentation in which the students investigate an international conflict and critique and/or develop a strategy for managing the conflict utilizing the theory, methodology and tools discussed in class.
SS477	ECONOMICS OF NATIONAL SECURITY	3	This is a capstone course for the economics major that is designed to integrate microeconomics, macroeconomics, and econometrics and apply tools learned in those courses to address policy relevant issues in the economics of national security. The course also applies microeconomic analysis to case studies on defense personnel policies and weapon-system acquisition. The course discusses defense budgeting, including tracking the current Presidential budget submission, from the perspective of public finance and examines the economic impact of defense spending. Students use relevant databases, econometrics, and the skills they have learned as economics majors to prepare and present projects that analyze major defense and public policy decisions.
SS478	DIST PROF OF SECURITY STUD SEM	3	This course is taught by a visiting scholar with a distinguished record of academic achievement and professional service in the national security arena. The seminar focuses on topical issues that reflect the professor's area of expertise. Dr. Kori Schake, a former Director of Defense Strategy and Requirements for the National Security Council and presently a distinguished fellow at the Hoover Institution, serves as our current visiting scholar. In the seminar, students take part in detailed discussions, deliver presentations, conduct research, and prepare analytical papers. Students also benefit from guest speakers who share their experiences and expertise with the seminar. Previous Distinguished Professors include General (Retired) Barry R. McCaffrey, former Director of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy; General (Retired) John Galvin, former commander of SACEUR and noted author; Professor Richard Shultz, Director of International Security Studies at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy; Professor Linda Brady, Director of the School of International Affairs at Georgia Institute of Technology; and Admiral (Retired) Stansfield Turner, former President of the Naval War College and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
SS480	ADV AM POLITICS, POLICY, STRAT	3	This course examines the major concepts, theoretical frameworks, and substantive dilemmas of the public policymaking process. The aim of this course is to arm students with a myriad of tools to understand, evaluate, and contextualize specific political problems in the public policy arena. SS480 is the capstone course for American Politics majors in the Social Sciences Department. Students will be expected to integrate the concepts of not only "Sosh" basic, toolbox, and elective courses, but knowledge acquired from other courses from other disciplines as well. Public policy spans the disciplines of politics, economics, sociology, philosophy, and psychology, as policymakers wrestle with developing and implementing value-laden decisions in a world of scarcity and uncertainty. As such, the student of public policy must use a variety of social science tools - and increasingly, physical science tools as well as to dissect policy problems, develop viable and feasible alternatives, and fashion methods of adoption and implementation. Consequently, this course is designed to build upon the student's conceptual and analytical base in the quest to establish and refine a systematic approach to public policy analysis, formulation, adoption, and implementation.
SS482	APPLIED MICROECONOMIC THEORY	3	This course focuses on applying microeconomic theory and principles to a range of real world problems. Applications to industrial organization, such as anti-merger and anti-trust law, will be covered. Other topics will be selected from areas such as the economics of uncertainty, information, insurance, accident law and liability, increasing returns and indivisibilities, property rights, applied welfare theory, tax incidence, optimal (physical) investment, and non-linear pricing (including price discrimination).
SS483	NATIONAL SECURITY SEMINAR	3	The International Politics capstone seminar provides an overview of U.S. national security policy and examines the military, political, and economic factors that influence its formulation. It establishes a conceptual framework for exploring how national interests are translated into national security policy and force structure. The course addresses three central issues: (1) the appropriate ends of national security policy, (2) the means by which we should pursue those ends, and (3) matching means with ends. Since many factors impact on strategic decisions, the course includes discussion of international, domestic, and organizational influences on national security policy. Theoretical readings combine with case studies of past and current U.S. strategic choices to illuminate critical points. The course closes by applying the lens of strategy to conduct an analysis of current proposals to revamp the structure of the Army.
SS484	INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS	3	This course integrates economic principles taken in SS382 and SS388. International Economics promotes understanding of the economic causes and effects of international trade, examines the justifications for and effectiveness of a variety of trade policies, explains and critiques the international flow of money, and explores the impact of these topics upon individual firms in the marketplace. The course’s methodology rests on theoretical concepts and models such as profit maximization, market equilibrium, preference maximization, and macroeconomic equilibrium. The course is divided into four blocks. The first three blocks investigate the theory of international trade in goods and comparative advantage, the practice of international trade and international political economy, and the workings of international monetary markets. The final block compels cadets to apply their estimates of the international macroeconomic environment to choices made by national governments.
SS485	POLIT & DEV SUB-SAHARAN AFR	3	This comparative and thematic introduction explores the important linkage between politics and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. At the heart of the course are the concepts of social and political development at the local and national levels of analysis. Readings and discussion will focus on key institutions and processes in contemporary Africa such as the state, political parties, the military, and economic actors. Students will also assess the impact of international politics and the world economy on key Sub-Saharan African countries in transition to democracy and the market system. Students will pursue country interests through oral presentations and a research paper.
SS486	INTERNATIONAL SECURITY SEMINAR	3	This Comparative Politics capstone seminar examines the special historical, domestic, and external security issues that non-Western states face, and then examines how such issues influence these states’ formulation of their national security policies. Students explore how non-Western state regimes might use limited diplomatic, information, military, and economic means to achieve their regime goals. Students apply newly learned or previously learned IR or CP theories to analyze a non-Western state’s national security strategy, and then attempt to anticipate what such states might do under current domestic and international conditions.
SS487	INT'L POLITICAL ECONOMY	3	This course develops, integrates, and applies the theoretical insights of political science and economics to contemporary issues of international trade, finance, and security. The theoretical concepts introduced in the first block build upon the ideas introduced in SS307, International Relations, SS202, American Politics, and SS201, Economics. The theory developed in the first block will be used to analyze and evaluate important historical and contemporary questions of international political economy. Specific issues areas explored include international monetary relations, regional economic integration (NAFTA, EC), Third World debt and development, protectionism, and the link between security and economics.
SS490A	COLLOQUIUM (AMER POLITICS)	3	The colloquium provides cadets an opportunity for reading and analysis in depth in a topic area of special interest and timely relevance to their concentration. The course employs the seminar approach in which the instructor meets with small groups to discuss assigned readings, and cadets present their own analyses to the group. Course directors develop topics and determine the semesters in which they will be offered. Department Academic Counselors then forward course offerings and descriptions to Social Science majors and those majoring in areas related to the colloquium topic. Topics will vary by year but recent SS490 colloquiums include: Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict; Politics and Film; the Politics of Intelligence; Politics and Government of South and Southeast Asia; Philosophy, Religion, and Terror; and Winning the Peace.
SS490B	COLLOQUIUM (COMP POLITICS)	3	The colloquium provides cadets an opportunity for reading and analysis in depth in a topic area of special interest and timely relevance to their concentration. The course employs the seminar approach in which the instructor meets with small groups to discuss assigned readings, and cadets present their own analyses to the group. Course directors develop topics and determine the semesters in which they will be offered. Department Academic Counselors then forward course offerings and descriptions to Social Science majors and those majoring in areas related to the colloquium topic. Topics will vary by year but recent SS490 colloquiums include: Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict; Politics and Film; the Politics of Intelligence; Politics and Government of South and Southeast Asia; Philosophy, Religion, and Terror; and Winning the Peace.
SS490C	COLLOQUIUM (INTER RELATIONS)	3	The colloquium provides cadets an opportunity for reading and analysis in depth in a topic area of special interest and timely relevance to their concentration. The course employs the seminar approach in which the instructor meets with small groups to discuss assigned readings, and cadets present their own analyses to the group. Course directors develop topics and determine the semesters in which they will be offered. Department Academic Counselors then forward course offerings and descriptions to Social Science majors and those majoring in areas related to the colloquium topic. Topics will vary by year but recent SS490 colloquiums include: Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict; Politics and Film; the Politics of Intelligence; Politics and Government of South and Southeast Asia; Philosophy, Religion, and Terror; and Winning the Peace.
SS490D	COLLOQUIUM (ECONOMICS)	3	The colloquium provides cadets an opportunity for reading and analysis in depth in a topic area of special interest and timely relevance to their concentration. The course employs the seminar approach in which the instructor meets with small groups to discuss assigned readings, and cadets present their own analyses to the group. Course directors develop topics and determine the semesters in which they will be offered. Department Academic Counselors then forward course offerings and descriptions to Social Science majors and those majoring in areas related to the colloquium topic. Topics will vary by year but recent SS490 colloquiums include: Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict; Politics and Film; the Politics of Intelligence; Politics and Government of South and Southeast Asia; Philosophy, Religion, and Terror; and Winning the Peace.
SS491	SENIOR STUDIES-INTNL RELATIONS	3	This course provides cadets an opportunity for reading and analysis in depth in a topic area of special interest and timely relevance to their concentration. The course employs the seminar approach in which a senior faculty member meets with small groups to discuss assigned readings, and cadets present their own analyses to the group. Course directors develop topics and determine the semesters in which they will be offered. Department Academic Counselors then forward course offerings and descriptions to Social Science majors and those majoring in areas related to the senior studies topic. Topics will vary by year but recent senior studies include: Homeland Security, Advanced Terrorism, and Environmental Economics.
SS493	SENIOR STUDIES - AMER POLITICS	3	This course provides cadets an opportunity for reading and analysis in depth in a topic area of special interest and timely relevance to their concentration. The course employs the seminar approach in which a senior faculty member meets with small groups to discuss assigned readings, and cadets present their own analyses to the group. Course directors develop topics and determine the semesters in which they will be offered. Department Academic Counselors then forward course offerings and descriptions to Social Science majors and those majoring in areas related to the senior studies topic. Topics will vary by year but recent senior studies include: Homeland Security, Advanced Terrorism, and Environmental Economics.
SS494	PRINCIPLES OF FINANCE	3	Principles of Finance is a first course in corporate finance. The course focuses on the study of the basic principles of finance and applying them to important decisions faced by the financial manager. The course covers the following topics: project analysis using the Net Present Value technique; risk and return for assets and projects; efficient capital markets; corporate capital structure and dividend policy; and derivatives. Specifically, cadets will learn how to value a project or a company using several different methods. Cadets will analyze an actual project or corporation using the techniques that they learn in the course. As the US Military continues to privatize many functions, knowledge of techniques used by corporations is becoming essential for our future Army leaders.
SS495	SENIOR STUDIES - COMP POLITICS	3	This course provides cadets an opportunity for reading and analysis in depth in a topic area of special interest and timely relevance to their concentration. The course employs the seminar approach in which a senior faculty member meets with small groups to discuss assigned readings, and cadets present their own analyses to the group. Course directors develop topics and determine the semesters in which they will be offered. Department Academic Counselors then forward course offerings and descriptions to Social Science majors and those majoriong in areas related to the senior studies topic. Topics will vary by year but recent senior studies include: Homeland Security, Advanced Terrorism, and Environmental Economics.
SS497	SENIOR STUDIES IN ECONOMICS	3	This course provides cadets an opportunity for reading and analysis in depth in a topic area of special interest and timely relevance to their concentration. The course employs the seminar approach in which a senior faculty member meets with small groups to discuss assigned readings, and cadets present their own analyses to the group. Course directors develop topics and determine the semesters in which they will be offered. Department Academic Counselors then forward course offerings and descriptions to Social Science majors and those majoriong in areas related to the senior studies topic. Topics will vary by year but recent senior studies include: Homeland Security, Advanced Terrorism, and Environmental Economics.
SS498	SENIOR THESIS: SOCIAL SCIENCES	3	This course is taken in the spring term of the senior year and comprises the second and final phase of the Senior Thesis in Economics, International Relations, Comparative Politics, or American Politics. Cadets enrolled in SS498 normally will complete their major’s integrative experience course (SS477 or SS492 for Economics, SS483 for International Relations, SS486 for Comparative Politics, or SS481 for American Politics) in the fall semester of their senior year, where they will complete a prospectus, literature review, annotated bibliography, outlines, and initial draft of their senior thesis. In SS498, students will continue work on an independent study basis with their thesis advisor and committee, conducting further research and updating drafts to produce a final written thesis product generally ranging from 30-50 pages in length. Students defend their thesis before a committee in the last two weeks of classes.
XE472	DYNAMIC MODELING AND CONTROL	3	This course covers dynamic modeling and control of linear systems. The course provides an overview of classical control theory as the foundation for control applications in electrical, mechanical, and aeronautical systems. Topics here include system modeling using Laplace transform, frequency domain, and state variable methods. Mathematical models are developed for electrical, mechanical, aeronautical, and other physical control systems. Control systems analysis and design techniques are studied within the context of how each system is physically controlled in practice. Laboratory exercises include feedback design and system identification. Computer design exercises include dynamic modeling and control of various engineering systems.
XE475	MECHATRONICS	3.5	XE 475 is a comprehensive introductory course in the field of mechatronics. Mechatronics is the crossroads in engineering where mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, and controls engineering meet to create new and exciting real-world systems. Knowledge of mechanical and electrical components, controls theory, and design are integrated to solve actual physical design applications.
XE495	TOPICS: ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY	3	This course is taught by the Class of 1950 Chair of Advanced Technology, a visiting scholar with a distinguished record of academic and professional achievement in the field of engineering, science and technology. The seminars focus on topical issues that either reflect the Chair's area of expertise or are conducted by an expert in the field. Students will apply mathematics, science, and engineering fundamentals to evaluate equipment, processes, and concepts being used in the Army. The course has a final design briefing that is an integrative experience. Admission into course is with permission of Department Head.
XH467	WINNING THE PEACE	3	This course helps prepare future lieutenants for what else they need to know while deployed besides military tactics and strategy. Bringing together subject matter experts from the staff and faculty of the US Military Academy, US governmental agencies, and other international actors, we cover topics as varied as counterinsurgency, cultural awareness, players on the ground, governance and economics, and legal, moral, and ethical considerations leaders will face while deployed. We also spend two nights and three days in a multi-ethnic US city interacting with Egyptian Copts, Muslims, Hindus, and various Christian denominations to more fully understand how groups with different beliefs can live and work together. This course aims to help create "soldier statesmen" at the Company Grade level for the US Army, and is open to any interested junior or senior.