Table 348.

Current-fund expenditures of public degree-granting institutions, by purpose: Selected years, 1980–81 through 2000–01

Purpose	1980–81	1985–86	1990–91	1995–96	1996–97	1997–98	1998–991	1999–2000	2000–01
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
	In thousands of current dollars
Total current-fund expenditures	$42,279,806	$63,193,853	$92,961,093	$119,524,500	$125,428,736	$132,846,205	$140,538,586	$152,324,948	$170,344,840
Educational and general    expenditures	34,173,013	50,872,962	74,395,428	96,085,623	101,026,553	106,740,858	113,594,381	122,708,551	136,612,739
Instruction	14,849,822	21,880,782	31,371,394	38,653,245	40,272,894	42,149,852	44,300,187	47,215,750	51,824,409
Research	3,813,350	5,705,144	9,364,213	12,076,357	12,708,360	13,415,392	14,308,155	15,999,142	18,031,825
Public service	1,718,924	2,515,734	3,990,232	5,321,014	5,697,527	6,111,046	6,764,341	7,421,841	8,381,261
Academic support	3,029,284	4,693,543	6,933,847	9,004,113	9,587,779	10,280,536	11,188,644	12,087,782	13,328,044
Libraries	1,187,116	1,685,052	2,167,161	2,690,547	2,836,286	2,929,549	3,098,540	—	—
Student services	1,950,566	2,921,758	4,398,365	5,810,403	6,177,234	6,611,180	7,053,197	7,636,530	8,377,026
Institutional support	3,563,194	5,667,144	8,030,642	10,710,279	11,213,870	11,842,815	12,730,698	13,768,079	15,344,522
Operation and maintenance of plant	3,681,921	5,177,254	6,655,605	8,005,101	8,265,279	8,572,699	8,953,015	9,710,370	10,973,589
Scholarships and fellowships	1,064,864	1,575,909	2,688,532	5,084,653	5,554,360	5,947,587	6,417,812	6,785,423	7,766,208
From unrestricted funds	367,476	696,973	1,270,158	2,457,139	2,734,268	2,944,138	3,168,528	—	—
From restricted funds2	697,388	878,935	1,418,374	2,627,514	2,820,091	3,003,449	3,249,284	—	—
Mandatory transfers	501,087	735,695	962,598	1,420,459	1,549,250	1,809,751	1,878,331	2,083,634	2,585,857
Other expenditures	8,106,793	12,320,891	18,565,665	23,438,877	24,402,183	26,105,347	26,944,205	29,616,397	33,732,101
Auxiliary enterprises	4,658,140	6,830,235	9,049,935	11,309,031	12,031,612	12,819,009	13,566,912	14,448,423	16,377,079
Mandatory transfers	344,043	410,777	623,146	793,125	842,635	844,478	862,449	—	—
Hospitals	3,377,972	5,358,699	9,315,902	11,878,939	12,111,616	12,964,071	13,058,104	14,057,107	16,146,401
Mandatory transfers	26,613	75,569	195,961	213,387	293,030	285,820	251,306	—	—
Independent operations (FFRDC)3	70,681	131,956	199,827	250,906	258,955	322,267	319,188	533,868	779,242
Mandatory transfers	322	846	1,201	1,343	1,172	1,379	#	—	—
Other current expenditures	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	576,999	429,379
	Percentage distribution
Total current-fund expenditures	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Educational and general expenditures	80.8	80.5	80.0	80.4	80.5	80.3	80.8	80.6	80.2
Instruction	35.1	34.6	33.7	32.3	32.1	31.7	31.5	31.0	30.4
Research	9.0	9.0	10.1	10.1	10.1	10.1	10.2	10.5	10.6
Public service	4.1	4.0	4.3	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.8	4.9	4.9
Academic support	7.2	7.4	7.5	7.5	7.6	7.7	8.0	7.9	7.8
Libraries	2.8	2.7	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2	—	—
Student services	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.9	4.9	5.0	5.0	5.0	4.9
Institutional support	8.4	9.0	8.6	9.0	8.9	8.9	9.1	9.0	9.0
Operation and maintenance of plant	8.7	8.2	7.2	6.7	6.6	6.5	6.4	6.4	6.4
Scholarships and fellowships	2.5	2.5	2.9	4.3	4.4	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.6
From unrestricted funds	0.9	1.1	1.4	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.3	—	—
From restricted funds2	1.6	1.4	1.5	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.3	—	—
Mandatory transfers	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.5
Other expenditures	19.2	19.5	20.0	19.6	19.5	19.7	19.2	19.4	19.8
Auxiliary enterprises	11.0	10.8	9.7	9.5	9.6	9.6	9.7	9.5	9.6
Mandatory transfers	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	—	—
Hospitals	8.0	8.5	10.0	9.9	9.7	9.8	9.3	9.2	9.5
Mandatory transfers	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	—	—
Independent operations (FFRDC)3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.5
Mandatory transfers	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	—	—
Other current expenditures	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	0.4	0.3

—Not available. †Not applicable. # Rounds to zero. 1 Data imputed using alternative procedures. 2 Excludes Pell Grants. 3 Generally includes only those expenditures associated with major federally funded research and development centers (FFRDC). NOTE: Data through 1990–91 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate's or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Guide to Sources for details.) Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), "Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education" surveys, 1980–81 and 1985–86; and 1990–91 through 2000–01 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, "Finance Survey" (IPEDS-F:FY90–99), and Spring 2001 and Spring 2002. (This table was prepared October 2003.)