| Table 116. | Average writing scale score of 4th-, 8th-, and 11th-graders, by selected student and school characteristics: Selected years, 1984 to 1996 |
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Selected student and | | | | | |
school characteristic | 1984 | 1988 | 1990 | 1992 | 1994 | 1996
___________________________|____________|___________|___________|___________|__________|___________
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7
___________________________|____________|___________|___________|___________|__________|___________
4th-graders | | | | | |
Total .....................| 204 (1.5)| 206 (1.6)| 202 (1.5)| 207 (1.5)| 205 (1.6)| 207 (1.2)
| | | | | |
Sex | | | | | |
Male ....................| 201 (2.8)| 199 (2.3)| 195 (1.9)| 198 (1.7)| 196 (1.7)| 200 (1.8)
Female ..................| 208 (3.1)| 213 (2.0)| 209 (2.2)| 216 (1.7)| 214 (2.2)| 214 (1.9)
| | | | | |
Race/ethnicity | | | | | |
White, non-Hispanic .....| 211 (1.9)| 215 (1.9)| 211 (2.0)| 217 (1.7)| 214 (1.5)| 216 (1.6)
Black, non-Hispanic .....| 182 (5.0)| 173 (4.7)| 171 (5.4)| 175 (3.8)| 173 (3.2)| 182 (2.3)
Hispanic ................| 189 (5.8)| 190 (3.5)| 184 (4.1)| 189 (3.6)| 189 (3.1)| 191 (3.2)
| | | | | |
Parents' highest level | | | | | |
of education | | | | | |
Not high school graduate | 179 (4.6)| 194 (5.4)| 186 (3.9)| 191 (3.2)| 188 (7.8)| 190 (5.5)
Graduated high school ...| 192 (3.4)| 199 (3.0)| 197 (3.0)| 202 (3.2)| 202 (2.3)| 203 (2.3)
Post high school ........| 208 (6.5)| 211 (6.3)| 214 (4.0)| 201 (4.5)| 212 (4.0)| 205 (5.2)
Graduated college .......| 218 (3.0)| 212 (2.2)| 209 (1.6)| 214 (1.4)| 212 (2.1)| 214 (1.7)
| | | | | |
Control of school | | | | | |
Public ..................| 202 (1.8)| 204 (2.0)| 200 (1.4)| 205 (1.6)| 204 (1.8)| 206 (1.5)
Private .................| 215 (4.6)| 216 (4.1)| 216 (5.7)| 222 (3.3)| 213 (4.3)| 218 (3.2)
| | | | | |
Region | | | | | |
Northeast ...............| 212 (4.0)| 204 (4.9)| 211 (3.6)| 216 (4.0)| 210 (4.0)| 213 (2.8)
Southeast ...............| 204 (3.3)| 200 (2.3)| 192 (4.0)| 193 (2.4)| 198 (3.4)| 200 (3.4)
Central .................| 201 (2.6)| 212 (3.0)| 203 (3.1)| 214 (3.1)| 209 (3.3)| 212 (3.1)
West ....................| 201 (4.9)| 207 (3.4)| 201 (2.7)| 206 (2.2)| 203 (2.7)| 205 (2.5)
| | | | | |
8th-graders | | | | | |
Total .....................| 267 (2.0)| 264 (1.3)| 257 (1.2)| 274 (1.3)| 265 (1.3)| 264 (1.0)
| | | | | |
Sex | | | | | |
Male ....................| 258 (2.3)| 254 (1.5)| 246 (1.5)| 264 (1.9)| 254 (1.8)| 251 (1.1)
Female ..................| 276 (2.4)| 274 (1.7)| 268 (1.3)| 285 (1.3)| 278 (1.4)| 276 (1.2)
| | | | | |
Race/ethnicity | | | | | |
White, non-Hispanic .....| 272 (2.1)| 269 (1.3)| 262 (1.6)| 279 (1.3)| 272 (1.4)| 271 (1.0)
Black, non-Hispanic .....| 247 (5.7)| 246 (3.5)| 239 (2.3)| 258 (4.0)| 245 (3.4)| 242 (2.6)
Hispanic ................| 247 (6.4)| 250 (2.5)| 246 (2.8)| 265 (2.2)| 252 (3.3)| 246 (2.3)
| | | | | |
Parents' highest level | | | | | |
of education | | | | |
Not high school graduate | 258 (4.8)| 254 (3.9)| 246 (3.7)| 258 (5.3)| 250 (4.1)| 245 (4.5)
Graduated high school ...| 261 (1.6)| 258 (2.1)| 253 (1.4)| 268 (1.6)| 259 (2.2)| 258 (1.9)
Post high school ........| 271 (3.9)| 275 (3.3)| 267 (3.0)| 280 (2.2)| 270 (3.1)| 270 (2.4)
Graduated college .......| 278 (1.8)| 271 (1.8)| 265 (1.8)| 284 (1.9)| 275 (1.3)| 274 (1.3)
| | | | | |
Control of school | | | | | |
Public ..................| 264 (2.0)| 262 (1.5)| 254 (1.2)| 272 (1.3)| 264 (1.6)| 263 (1.2)
Private .................| 282 (5.5)| 276 (3.0)| 277 (4.4)| 288 (3.2)| 279 (3.8)| 272 (3.3)
| | | | | |
Region | | | | | |
Northeast ...............| 273 (3.6)| 265 (2.7)| 261 (3.3)| 285 (3.3)| 277 (2.2)| 264 (2.4)
Southeast ...............| 267 (3.6)| 268 (2.3)| 252 (2.8)| 266 (2.2)| 259 (2.1)| 260 (3.5)
Central .................| 264 (2.3)| 258 (2.2)| 259 (3.9)| 277 (2.0)| 270 (4.1)| 268 (2.3)
West ....................| 264 (3.0)| 264 (2.1)| 255 (2.6)| 271 (2.3)| 259 (1.6)| 263 (1.3)
| | | | | |
11th-graders | | | | | |
Total .....................| 290 (1.6)| 291 (1.3)| 287 (1.0)| 287 (1.4)| 285 (1.2)| 283 (1.2)
| | | | | |
Sex | | | | | |
Male ....................| 281 (1.4)| 282 (2.0)| 276 (1.6)| 279 (1.2)| 276 (1.5)| 275 (1.4)
Female ..................| 299 (2.5)| 299 (1.2)| 298 (1.5)| 296 (2.0)| 293 (1.5)| 292 (1.4)
| | | | | |
Race/ethnicity | | | | | |
White, non-Hispanic .....| 297 (1.8)| 296 (1.3)| 293 (1.2)| 294 (1.2)| 291 (1.4)| 289 (1.5)
Black, non-Hispanic .....| 270 (3.6)| 275 (2.9)| 268 (2.3)| 263 (3.2)| 267 (2.2)| 267 (3.0)
Hispanic ................| 259 (6.6)| 274 (4.4)| 277 (2.6)| 274 (3.8)| 271 (4.0)| 269 (2.5)
| | | | | |
Parents' highest level | | | | | |
of education | | | | | |
Not high school graduate | 274 (5.2)| 276 (3.5)| 268 (4.0)| 271 (3.7)| 269 (4.7)| 260 (3.0)
Graduated high school ...| 284 (3.0)| 285 (2.2)| 278 (1.9)| 278 (2.2)| 279 (1.7)| 275 (1.6)
Post high school ........| 298 (2.5)| 296 (2.6)| 292 (2.7)| 292 (2.0)| 286 (1.7)| 287 (2.1)
Graduated college .......| 300 (2.4)| 299 (2.0)| 298 (2.0)| 296 (1.4)| 293 (1.5)| 291 (1.9)
| | | | | |
Control of school | | | | | |
Public ..................| 288 (1.6)| 290 (1.2)| 286 (1.1)| 287 (1.6)| 284 (1.4)| 283 (1.4)
Private .................| 305 (3.7)| 300 (3.6)| 306 (5.2)| 295 (4.4)| 291 (3.8)| 287 (6.6)
| | | | | |
Region | | | | | |
Northeast ...............| 291 (3.0)| 295 (2.8)| 295 (2.5)| 290 (2.3)| 291 (2.4)| 290 (2.2)
Southeast ...............| 287 (4.9)| 289 (2.2)| 280 (2.3)| 278 (3.3)| 277 (2.5)| 273 (2.2)
Central .................| 291 (2.7)| 292 (4.0)| 289 (2.7)| 291 (2.2)| 284 (2.3)| 285 (2.5)
West ....................| 289 (3.7)| 289 (2.3)| 285 (2.1)| 289 (2.1)| 287 (2.7)| 284 (2.2)
___________________________|____________|___________|___________|___________|__________|___________
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| NOTE: These test scores are from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Includes public and private schools. Excludes persons not enrolled in school and those who were unable to be tested due to limited proficiency in English or due to a disability. The writing scale score ranges from 0 to 500 and is defined as the average of a respondent's estimated scores on specific writing tasks. The average response method is used to estimate average writing achievement for each participant as if each had performed all 11 writing tasks. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP 1996 Trends in Academic Progress, by Educational Testing Service. (This table was prepared September 1997.)
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