Vaccine Safety > Issues of Interest > Autism
References used to research the answers to questions about vaccines & autism

References used to answer the questions about vaccines and autism:

• Afzal MA, Minor PD, Begley J, et al. Absence of measles-virus genome in inflammatory bowel disease. Lancet 1998;351:646.
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
• Bailey, A., Hervas, A., Matthews, N., et al. International Molecular Genetic Study of Autism Consortium. A full genome screen for autism with evidence for linkage to a region on chromosome 7q. Human Molecular Genetics, 1998;7:571-578.
• Bristol MM, Cohen DJ, Costello EJ, et al. State of the science in autism: Report to the National Institutes of Health. J Autism Developmental Disorders 1996;26:121-54.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles prevention: recommendations of the immunization practices advisory committee, MMWR 1989;Vol.38 / No.S-9.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles, mumps, and rubella-vaccine use and strategies for elimination of measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome and control mumps: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. MMWR. 1998. Vol. 47. No. RR-8.
• Chadwick N, Bruce IJ, Schepelmann S, Pounder RE, Wakefields AJ. Measles virus DNA is not detected in inflammatory bowel disease using hybrid capture and reverse transcriptase followed by polymerase chain reaction. J Med Virol 1998;55:305-311.
• Chen RT, DeStefano F. Vaccine adverse events: causal or coincidental? Lancet 1998; 351:611 - 612.
• Dales L, Hammer SJ, Smith, NJ. Time Trends in Autism and in MMR Immunization Coverage in California, JAMA 2001; 285:1183-1185.
• DeStefano F, Chen RT. Negative association between MMR and autism. Lancet 1999;353:1987-8.
• Department of Developmental Services. Changes in the Population of Persons with Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders in California’s Developmental Services System: 1987 through 1998. Report to the Legislature, March 1, 1999. Available at http://www.dds.ca.gov.
• Duclos P, Ward BJ. Measles vaccines: a review of adverse events. Drug Safety 1998;19:435-454.
• Ekbom A, Daszak P, Kraaz W, Wakefield AJ. Crohn’s disease after in-utero measles virus exposure. Lancet 1996; 348:515-517.
• Ekbom A, Wakefield AJ, Zack M, Adami HO. Perinatal measles infection and subsequent Crohn's disease. Lancet 1994;344:508-10.
• Fombonne E. Epidemiological Findings on Autism and Related Developmental Disorders. Workshop on Educational interventions for Children with Autism. The National Academies (NAS), Washington, DC, Dec. 13-14, 1999.
• Fombonne E, FRCPsych, Chakrabarti S, FRCPCH, MRCP. No evidence for a new variant of measles-mumps-rubella-induced autism. Pediatrics 2001; 108:e58.
• Fombonne E. Is there an epidemic of autism? Pediatrics 2001; 107:411-13.
• Fombonne E, du Mazaubrun C, Cans C, Grandjean H. Autism and associated medical disorders in a large French epidemiological sample. J Am Acad Adolesc Psychiatry 1997, 36:1561-69.
• Gillberg C, Coleman M. Autism and medical disorders: A review of the literature. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 1996;38:191-202.
• Gillberg C, Heijbel H. MMR and autism. Autism 1998;2:423-4.
• Horvath K, Papadimitriou JC, Rabsztyn A, Drachenberg C, Tildon JT. Gastrointestinal abnormalities in children with autistic disorders. Journal of Pediatrics 1999;135(5):559-63.
• Iizuka M, Itou h, Chiba M, Shirasaka T, Watanabe S. The MMR question. Lancet 2000;356:160.
• IOM, Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines, Institute of Medicine, 1991.
• IOM, Adverse Events Associated with Childhood Vaccines, Evidence Bearing on Causality, 1994.
• Kastner JL & Gellin BG. Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and autism: The rise (and fall?) of a hypothesis. Ped Annals 2001;30:408-415.
• Kaye J, del Mar Melero-Montes M, Jick H. Mumps, measles, and rubella vaccine and the incidence of autism recorded by general practitioners: a time trend analysis. BMJ 2001; 322:460-463.
• Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M, et al. A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism. NEJM 2002; 347(19): 1477-1482.
• Medical Research Council. (2000, April 3). Media Release: No New Evidence of A Link Between MMR and Autism. Retrieved April 3, 2000 from the World Wide Web:
• Medicines Commission Agency/Committee on Safety of Medicines. The safety of MMR vaccine. Curr Probl Curr Pharmacovigilance 1999;25:9-10.
• Metcalf J. Is measles infection associated with Crohn's disease? British Medical Journal 1998;316:561.
• Miller D, Wadsworth J, Diamond J, Ross E. Measles vaccination and neurological events. Lancet 1997;349:730-31.
• Morris A & Aldulaimi D. New evidence for a viral pathogenic mechanism for new variant inflammatory bowel disease and development disorder? J Clin Pathol: Mol Pathol 2002;55:0.
• Murch SH, Anthony A, Casson DH, Malik M, et al. Retraction of an interpretation. Lancet, 2004; 363(9411):750.
• Patja A, Davidkin I, Kurki T, Kallio MJT, Valle M, Peltola H. Serious adverse events after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination during a fourteen-year prospective follow-up. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2000;19:1127-34.
• Piven J. The Biological Basis of Autism. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 1997;7:708-12.
• Rapin, I. Autism. New England Journal of Medicine, 1997;337:97-104.
• Rodier PM, Hyman SL. Early environmental factors in autism. MRDD Research Reviews 1998;4:121-128.
• Taylor B, Miller E, Farrington CP, et al. Autism and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: no epidemiological evidence for a causal association. Lancet, 1999;353:2026-9.
• Taylor B, Miller E, Lingam R, Andrews N, Simmons A, Stove J. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and bowel problems or developmental regression in children with autism: Population study. BMJ 2002; 324(7334):393-396.
• Thompson NP, Montgomery SM, Pounder RE, Wakefield AJ. Is measles vaccination a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease? Lancet 1995;345:1071-1074.
• Uhlmann V, Martin CM, Sheils O, Pilkington L, Silva I, Killalea A, Murch SB, Wakefield AJ, O’Leary JJ. Potential viral pathogenic mechanisms for new variant inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Pathol:Mol Pathol 2002;55:0-6.
• Wakefield AJ, Murch S, Anthony A, et al. Ileal lymphoid nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and regressive developmental disorder in children. Lancet, 1998;351:637-41.
• Wakefield AJ, Montgomery SM. Measles mumps rubella vaccine: Through a glass, darkly. Adverse Drug Reactions and Toxicological Reviews, 2001;19:265-283.
• Wakefield AJ, Sawyerr AM, Dhillon AP, et al. Pathogenesis of Crohn's disease: multifocal gastrointestinal infarction. Lancet 1989;2:1057-1062.
• Wakefield AJ, Sankey EA, Dhillon AP, et al. Granulomatous vasculitis in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 1990;100:1279-1287.
• Wakefield AJ, Pittilo RM, Sim R, et al. Evidence of persistent measles virus infection in Crohn's disease. J Med Virol. 1993;39:345-353.

This page last modified on May 19, 2004