123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation
A ‘123 Agreement’ refers to Section 123 of the U.S. Atomic Energy Act of 1954, which indicates the terms that must be included in U.S. agreements for nuclear cooperation with other states. An Agreement for Cooperation must be established under the criteria outlined in the Atomic Energy Act in order for the U.S. to authorize the transfer of civil nuclear technology to other nations. The United States has entered into agreements with the following states or groups of states:
States that have Agreements for Cooperation with the United States:
1- Euratom comprises the following Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
2- Pursuant to Section 6 of the Taiwan Relations Act, P.L. 96-8, 93 Stat. 14, and Executive Order 12143, 44 F.R. 37191, all agreements concluded with the Taiwan authorities prior to January 1, 1979 are administered on a nongovernmental basis by the American Institute in Taiwan, a non-profit District of Columbia corporation, and constitute neither recognition of Taiwan authorities nor the continuation of any official relationship with Taiwan.
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