| |
|
Percentage distribution by primary type of care arrangement2
|
| |
|
|
Home-based care
|
|
Center-based care3
|
|
| Child or family characteristic |
Percentage distribution of population1 |
No regular nonparental arrangement |
Relative care |
Nonrelative care |
|
Total |
Head Start |
Other than Head Start |
Multiple -arrangements4 |
|
| Total |
100.0 |
20.0 |
13.1 |
7.6 |
|
57.5 |
12.7 |
44.8 |
1.9 |
| Sex of child |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Male |
51.2 |
19.3 |
13.1 |
7.5 |
|
58.0 |
12.9 |
45.1 |
2.1 |
| Female |
48.8 |
20.7 |
13.1 |
7.6 |
|
56.9 |
12.4 |
44.5 |
1.7 |
| Race/ethnicity of child |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| White |
53.8 |
17.9 |
11.0 |
9.2 |
|
60.1 |
6.8 |
53.3 |
1.9 |
| Black |
13.8 |
16.0 |
13.9 |
4.3 |
|
62.4 |
25.4 |
37.1 |
3.3 |
| Hispanic |
25.1 |
27.2 |
15.9 |
6.2 |
|
49.4 |
18.6 |
30.9 |
1.2 |
| Asian |
2.6 |
17.5 |
16.0 |
3.4 |
|
60.7 |
5.5 |
55.3 |
2.3! |
| Pacific Islander |
0.2 |
22.3! |
45.0! |
‡ |
|
19.9! |
5.0! |
14.9! |
‡ |
| American Indian/Alaska Native |
0.5 |
20.0 |
14.0 |
5.3 |
|
59.6 |
31.1 |
28.5 |
1.1! |
| More than one race |
4.0 |
17.8 |
17.5 |
8.9 |
|
53.9 |
12.2 |
41.7 |
1.8! |
| Age of child |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Less than 48 months |
16.4 |
27.3 |
13.9 |
8.7 |
|
48.0 |
10.6 |
37.4 |
2.2 |
| 48.0 to 52.9 months |
38.1 |
19.9 |
13.0 |
8.3 |
|
56.8 |
12.0 |
44.8 |
2.0 |
| 53.0 to 57.9 months |
36.5 |
16.5 |
13.1 |
6.7 |
|
62.2 |
14.4 |
47.8 |
1.5 |
| 58.0 or more months |
9.0 |
20.9 |
12.0 |
6.3 |
|
58.1 |
12.0 |
46.1 |
2.7 |
| Mother’s employment status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Full-time (35 hours or more) |
39.4 |
8.5 |
18.5 |
13.4 |
|
57.4 |
11.4 |
46.1 |
2.1 |
| Part-time (less than 35 hours) |
19.7 |
13.4 |
15.9 |
8.5 |
|
59.3 |
10.1 |
49.2 |
2.9 |
| Looking for work |
5.8 |
28.5 |
12.6 |
2.1! |
|
54.7 |
24.3 |
30.4 |
2.0! |
| Not in labor force |
34.3 |
35.6 |
4.6 |
1.5 |
|
57.3 |
13.7 |
43.7 |
1.0! |
| No mother in household |
0.8 |
9.6! |
36.0 |
9.5! |
|
41.1 |
14.4! |
26.7 |
3.8! |
| Parents’ highest level of education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Less than high school |
10.4 |
34.0 |
16.5 |
4.0 |
|
43.4 |
22.2 |
21.2 |
2.1! |
| High school completion |
25.0 |
22.6 |
17.1 |
6.7 |
|
51.7 |
21.4 |
30.3 |
2.0 |
| Some college/vocational |
31.6 |
20.6 |
14.9 |
7.3 |
|
55.5 |
13.0 |
42.5 |
1.7 |
| Bachelor’s degree |
16.8 |
16.0 |
8.4 |
8.1 |
|
65.7 |
3.3 |
62.4 |
1.8 |
| Any graduate/professional school |
16.2 |
9.7 |
6.2 |
11.2 |
|
70.8 |
2.0 |
68.8 |
2.0 |
| Poverty status5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Below poverty threshold |
24.8 |
27.6 |
15.0 |
4.4 |
|
51.0 |
26.3 |
24.7 |
2.0 |
| At or above poverty threshold |
75.2 |
17.4 |
12.5 |
8.6 |
|
59.6 |
8.2 |
51.4 |
1.9 |
| Socioeconomic status6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Lowest 20 percent |
20.0 |
30.5 |
15.0 |
5.0 |
|
47.1 |
24.7 |
22.4 |
2.3 |
| Middle 60 percent |
60.0 |
19.6 |
15.0 |
7.4 |
|
56.2 |
12.5 |
43.7 |
1.8 |
| Highest 20 percent |
20.0 |
10.3 |
5.5 |
10.7 |
|
71.6 |
1.0 |
70.6 |
1.9 |
|
! Interpret data with caution (estimates are unstable).
|
‡ Reporting standards not met (too few cases).
|
1 Distribution of weighted Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) survey population between 44 and 65 months of age with data on primary care arrangements.
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2 Primary type of care arrangement is the type of nonparental care in which the child spent the most hours.
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3 Care provided in places such as early learning centers, nursery schools, and preschools, including Head Start.
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4 Children who spent an equal amount of time in each of two or more arrangements.
|
5 Poverty status based on Census Bureau guidelines from 2002, which identify a dollar amount determined to meet a household’s needs, given its size and composition. In 2002, a family of four was considered to live below the poverty threshold if its income was less than or equal to $18,392.
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6 Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by a composite score on parental education and occupations and on family income.
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NOTE: Estimates weighted by W3R0. Estimates for children at about 4 years old pertain to children assessed between 44 and 65 months. See supplemental note 3 for more information about the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and suppression of cells that do not meet standards.
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SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort, Longitudinal 9-Month–Preschool Restricted-Use Data File.
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