CMDL Summary Report #25
Table of Contents

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Preface

CMDL Organization, 1999

CMDL Staff, 1999

CMDL Station Information

1. Observatory, Meteorology, and Data Management Operations

1.1. Mauna Loa Observatory

1.1.1. Operations
1.1.2. Programs

1.2. Barrow Observatory

1.2.1. Operations
1.2.2. Programs

1.3. Samoa Observatory

1.3.1. Operations
1.3.2. Programs

1.4. South Pole Observatory

1.4.1. Operations
1.4.2. Programs

1.5. Meteorological Measurements

1.5.1. Meteorology Operations
1.5.2. Station Climatologies

1.6. References

2. Carbon Cycle

2.1. Overview

2.2. Carbon Dioxide

2.2.1. In Situ Carbon Dioxide Measurements
2.2.2. Flask Sample Carbon Dioxide Measurements
2.2.3. Carbon Dioxide Standards and Reference Gas Calibrations
2.2.4. Measurements of Stable Isotopes of Atmospheric CO2

2.3.�Methane

2.3.1. In Situ Methane Measurements
2.3.2. Measurements of Methane in Discrete Samples
2.3.3. Measurement of 13C/12C of Methane by Mass Spectrometry
2.3.4. 3C/12C and D/H Isotopic Ratio Analysis of Methane by Infrared Spectroscopy

2.4. Carbon Monoxide

2.4.1 Measurements of Carbon Monoxide
2.4.2. CO Reference Gases

2.5. Nitrous Oxide and Sulfur Hexafluoride

2.6. Measurements on Tall Towers

2.7. Aircraft Program

2.8. Air-Sea Gas Exchange

2.9. Data Integration (Globalview)

2.10 Inverse Modeling

2.11. References

3. Aerosols and Radiation

3.1. Aerosol Monitoring

3.1.1. Scientific Background
3.1.2. Experimental Methods
3.1.3. Annual Cycles
3.1.4. Long-Term Trends

3.1.5. Special Studies

3.2. Solar and Thermal Atmospheric Radiation

3.2.1. Radiation Measurements
3.2.2. Solar Radiation Calibration Facility
3.2.3. Aerosol Optical Depth Remote Sensing
3.2.4. MLO and Boulder UV Spectroradiometers
3.2.5. Broadband UV
3.2.6. Baseline Surface Radiation Network
3.2.7. Barrow Snow Melt Date
3.2.8. Arctic UV Monitoring
3.2.9. Pyrgeometer Comparison
3.2.10 Rayleigh Optical Depth Calculations
3.2.11 Data Processing

3.3. References

4. Ozone and Water Vapor

�4.1. Continuing Programs

4.1.1. Total Ozone Observations
4.1.2. Umkehr Observations
4.1.3. Calibration of Dobson Spectrophotometers
4.1.4. Surface Ozone
4.1.5. Ozonesondes
4.1.6. Atmospheric Water Vapor
4.1.7. Atmospheric Transport
4.1.8. Stratospheric Aerosols

4.2. Special Projects

4.2.1. Evidence for the Influence of Biomass Burning on Tropospheric Ozone in Both the Eastern and Western Tropical Pacific
4.2.2. Water Vapor and Ozone Observations at San Crist�bal, Galapagos
4.2.3. Evidence of O3 Titration During BRW Winter Dark Periods
4.2.4. Analysis of CO and O3 Data from Cape Point Observatory (1994-1998)
4.2.5. Laboratory Testing of ECC Ozonesondes
4.2.6. South Pole: Triple Ozonesonde Flights

4.3. References

5. Halocarbons and other Atmospheric Trace Species

5.1. Continuing Programs

5.1.1. Introduction
5.1.2. Flask Samples
5.1.3. In Situ Gas Chromatograph Measurements
5.1.4. Gravimetric Standards

5.2. Airborne Projects

5.2.1. Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (ACATS-IV)
5.2.2. Lightweight Airborne Chromatograph Experiment (LACE)
5.2.3. PAN and other Trace Hyrohalocompounds Experiment (PANTHER)

5.3. Ocean Projects

5.4. References

6. Cooperative Programs

UV Spectroradiometer Monitoring Program:� Influence of Total Ozone, Cloud Cover and Surface Albedo on UV Doses in Barrow, Alaska
G. Bernhard, C.R. Booth, J.C. Ehramjian, S.A. Lynch, and V.V. Quang

Whole Air Sampling at Barrow, Alaska
D.R. Blake and F.S. Rowland6

Correlation Between Anthropogenic Aerosols and Gases at MLO
T.A. Cahill, S.S. Cliff, T. M. Cahill, and K.D. Perry

NIWA Lauder NDSC UV/Visible Measurements at the Mauna Loa Observatory
P. Johnson

Operation of Brewer Instruments at Mauna Loa Observatory
J.B. Kerr

Isotopic Studies of Carbon Monoxide at Mauna Loa
J.E. Mak

Interpreting Seasonal Cycles of Atmospheric Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations at American Samoa Observatory
A.C. Manning, R.F. Keeling, and L.E. Katz

Artificial Windshielding of Precipitation Gauges in the Arctic
R.J. McClure

Investigation of the Transfer Function between Atmosphere and Snow Concentrations of Hydrogen Peroxide at South Pole
J.R. McConnell and R.C. Bales

Stratospheric Ozone Climatology from Lidar Measurements at Mauna Loa
S. McDermid, T. Leblanc, R. Cageao, and D. Walsh0

Microwave Measurements of Middle Atmospheric Water Vapor from Mauna Loa, 1996-2000
G.E. Nedoluha, R.M. Bevilacqua, R.M. Gomez, and B.C. Hicks

Carbon Flux Using Eddy Covariance Methodology in Arctic Coastal Wet Sedge Tundra
W.C. Oechel, R. Zulueta, and H. Kwon

Preliminary Intercomparison Results from the NDSC Microwave Ozone Profiling Instrument at Mauna Loa Observatory
A. Parrish, I.S. Boyd, B.J. Connor, I.S. McDermid, S. Oltmans, J J. Tsou, and J M. Zawodny

Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE)
R.G. Prinn, R.F. Weiss, D.M. Cunnold P.J. Fraser, and P.G. Simmonds

Winter Sampling of Shallow Firn Air at the South Pole to Understand Processes Affecting Firn Atmospheric Histories and Ice Core Gas Records
J.P. Severinghaus

Barrow Magnetic Observatory
J. Townshend

7. Publications and Presentations by CMDL Staff, 1998-1999

8. Specialized Abbreviations and Acronyms