As part of the effort to control weapons of mass destruction (WMD) technology and expertise, NNSA engages key weapons experts in peaceful activities.   By reintegrating former WMD experts into the international civilian scientific community through workshops and training programs, NNSA reduces the risk of WMD scientist recruitment by parties seeking to apply these scientists' expertise for military purposes.  The former WMD personnel, originating from Iraq, Libya, Russia and other former Soviet states, engage in partnerships with U.S. companies to develop peaceful commercial technologies.