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Legislative History
1968:
Public Law (P.L.) 90-302 established the Special Food Service Program for Children (SFSPFC):
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Three-year pilot program
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Grants to States to help provide
meals for children
when school is not in session.
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Two components - Child Care and
Summer
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Child Care participation - 1969 -
about 23,000
children at about 900 sites
1972: P.L. 92-433
extended the SFSPFC for 3 years through Fiscal Year 1975
1975: P.L. 94-105 separated Child
Care Food Program (CCFP)
and Summer Food Service Program. Authorized for
CCFP:
Institutions must meet licensing
standards
Eligibility extended to day care
homes
Reimbursement structure and
eligibility for free and
reduced price meals modeled after school lunch
program
In 1975, last year of grant program, about
375,000 participated at 11,700 sites
1978: P.L. 95-627
made CCFP permanent:
Authorized alternate approval when
other Federal,
State or local licensing or approval was not available
Mandated advance payments for
institutions
requesting them
1979 - 1981:
Program grew significantly from 30,300
sites and 598,000 children to 64,700 sites and
778,000 children, largely, through the increased
participation of day care homes.
1981:
The Omnibus Budget
Reconciliation Act of 1981 (P.L. 97-35) significantly amended the program:
Authorized reimbursement for meals
served to day
care home providers' own children only if they
qualify for free or reduced price meals
Reduced reimbursement rates
Limited reimbursement to 2 meals and
1 snack for
each child, each day
Lowered eligible age to 12
Nevertheless, the program continued
to grow until, by
1997, more than 1.5 million children were participating
in over 126,000 sites.
Day care home participation grew at
an especially fast
pace. In 1983 (the first year that separate data were
reported for centers and homes), over 58,000 homes
participated, serving a little more than 250,000 children.
In 1997, nearly one million children participated in over 193,000 homes.
1987:
The Older Americans Act of 1987 (P.L. 100-175) authorized participation of eligible adult day care
centers.
1988: The Hunger
Prevention Act of 1988 (P.L.
100-435):
1989: The Child Nutrition
and WIC Reauthorization Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-147) made
significant changes to the Program:
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Changed name to the Child and
Adult Care Food Program (CACFP)
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Provided funding to expand
family day care homes into low-income or rural areas
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Permitted schools participating
in CACFP to receive snacks under the NSLP for
afterschool child care
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Authorized demonstration
project for for-profit centers in Kentucky and Iowa
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Allowed two-year applications
instead of annual application for institutions
1994: The Healthy Meals for
Healthy Americans Act
of 1994 (P.L. 103-448):
Extended
automatic free meal eligibility for
most children
participating in Head Start
Allowed three-year applications in
place of annual
applications for institutions
Authorized or extended several
demonstration
projects, including a for-profit centers project in
Kentucky and Iowa, and a project providing meals
or supplements to children, between the ages of 13
and 18, in areas with high rates of violence or drug
and alcohol abuse
Authorized or extended several
demonstration projects, including for-profit centers in
Kentucky and Iowa, replaced homeless demonstration to
the Homeless Child Nutrition Program for children under
6 years old in emergency shelters, and provided meals or
supplements to children ages 13 to 18, in areas with
high rates of violence or drug and alcohol abuse
1996: The Personal
Responsibility and Work
Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-193) made changes designed to improve the targeting of
benefits:
Replaced single reimbursement rate
for meals
served in day care homes with a 2-tiered structure
based on area or provider's need
Eliminated reimbursement for a fourth meal
Made payment of advance funds a State, not
an
institution, option
Required cost of living adjustments
for meals served
in homes and for paid meals served in centers, to the
nearest lower whole cent
1998: The Child Nutrition
Reauthorization Act of
1998 (P.L. 105-336):
Authorized CACFP reimbursement for
snacks to
children through age 18 in afterschool care programs
Amended licensing requirements for
outside-school-
hours care centers, schools, and for-profit Title XX
centers
Established a 180-day time limit on
moving towards
tax-exempt status
Consolidated benefits for homeless
children
Changed the method of rounding of
reimbursement
rates
Reinstated automatic
eligibility for
free meals for
children participating in Even Start
Permanently authorized the
demonstration project
for for-profit centers in Kentucky and Iowa
2000:
The Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-224)
made changes designed to strengthen
program management:
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Added new
eligibility criteria for institutions, requirements for approval
of institutions, monitoring requirements
for State agencies and sponsoring organizations, parent
notification, management improvement training, and
procedures on withholding of administrative funds
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Authorized procedures for the termination of institutions
and recovery of payments
to institutions that result from an invalid claim,
fraud or abuse
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Expanded the
"Kentucky/Iowa demonstration project" to
include for-profit centers in the State of
Delaware
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Expanded the
"at-risk" afterschool care component of CACFP
to allow reimbursement for
suppers to
children through age 18 in afterschool care programs in
six States
2000:
The Consolidated Appropriation Act, 2001 (P.L. 106-554)
extended eligibility to for-profit child care centers and outside-of-school-hours care centers serving low-income
children in all States, from December 21,
2000 through September 30, 2001.
2001:
The Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug
Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act,
2002 (P.L. 107-76):
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Authorized
supper benefits in afterschool care programs in
Illinois (in addition to Delaware, Michigan, Missouri,
New York, and Oregon)
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Extended CACFP
eligibility to for-profit centers serving low-income
children through fiscal year 2002
2004: Child Nutrition and WIC
Reauthorization Act of 2004 (P.L.
108-265):
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Increased the minimum level of
State Administrative expense funding
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Changed tiering determinations
from 3 years to 5 years
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Established disregard for
overpayments consistent with other programs under this
Act
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Authorized a two-year pilot in
Nebraska for rural area eligibility for family day care
homes
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Examined reducing paperwork
burden from the regulations and recordkeeping
requirements for State Agencies and institutions
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Permanently excluded the
household allowance for military personnel living in
privatized housing when determining household
eligibility for free and reduced price meals
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