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Science and Invention

Science and Invention
[Detail] Early horseless carriages.
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Albert Einstein: "We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them."

Ralph Waldo Emerson: "Men love to wonder, and that is the seed of science."

Isaac Asimov: "The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new discoveries, is not 'Eureka!' but 'That's funny...'"

primary source set

This Primary Source Set includes images, diary entries, personal letters and analysis tools to help teach about the Wright brothers' lives and experiments.

online resources
Especially for Teachers...

Benjamin Franklin: In His Own Words - (Exhibition) Learn about Benjamin Franklin's public, professional, and scientific accomplishments through important documents, letters, books, broadsides, and cartoons. The Science and Inventor section features his designs, experiments and inventions.

Documentary Chronology of Selected Events in the Development of the American Conservation Movement, 1847-1920 - (Special Presentation) This timeline features documents and images that illustrate the history of the conservation movement.

Earth As Art: A Landsat Perspective - (Exhibition) This exhibit showcases Landsat 7 images of the earth, selected primarily for their aesthetic value.

Ecology and the American Environment - (Special Presentation) The sections in this presentation describe some of the important steps taken by ecologists in studying the natural environment.

Emile Berliner: Inventor of the Gramophone - (Special Presentation) Learn about Emile Berliner who was responsible for the development of the microphone and the flat recording disc and gramophone player.

Experiments and Inventions - (Prints and Photographs) View a selection of images depicting experiments and inventions from the online version of Pictorial Americana.

Finding Franklin: A Resource Guide - (Library of Congress Bibliography) This online bibliography links to Benjamin Franklin resources across the Library of Congress Web site and beyond.

From Fantasy to Flight - (Community Center) Access a wide variety of Library of Congress resources related to the topic of flight.

History of Household Technology With Constance Carter, The - (Cybercast) Constance Carter, Head of the Science Reference Section at the Library of Congress, describes the evolution in the technology of washing machines, irons, and stoves and its effect on the work of women in the home.

Hog Heaven: Celebrating 100 Years of the Harley-Davidson - (Special Presentation) View this special presentation from the Science, Technology and Business Division.

Household Appliances - (Prints and Photographs) View a selection of images depicting advertisements for household appliances from the online version of Pictorial Americana.

Industry - (Prints and Photographs) View a selection of images depicting industry and mills from the online version of Pictorial Americana.

Invention of the Telegraph, The - (Special Presentation) Additional presentations include: Morse Timeline and Collection Highlights.

John Bull and Uncle Sam: Inventions and Discoveries - (Exhibition) Learn how many of America’s inventions were modeled after British technologies in this joint exhibit of the Library of Congress and the British Library.

Leonardo's Workshop - (Library of Congress Live) Use this guide to learn more about Leonardo da Vinci.

Mapping the National Parks - (Special Presentation) View the special presentations on Acadia, Grand Canyon, Great Smoky Mountains and Yellowstone National Parks.

Medicine - (Prints and Photographs) View a selection of images depicting medicine and patent medicines from the online version of Pictorial Americana.

Notes on the Origin of American Animation, 1900-1921 - (Special Presentation) This presentation features notes and links to 21 animated films (and 2 fragments) that represent the development of early American animation.

Science and Technology in 18th Century America - (Science Reference Services) This guide lists sources that chronicle the history of science, invention, medicine and technology in colonial America.

Science Safari - (Cybercast) Watch the cybercast of the March 18, 2003 Library of Congress event hosting top science and mathematics teachers from across the country performing experiments and demonstrations in celebration of ESTME Week.

Science Technology Resources from the Learning Page - (Internet Resources) Selected Web sites to support science and technology studies.

Science Tracer Bullets Online - (Science Reference Services) These research guides are helpful in locating information on a variety of science and technology subjects.

Science, Medicine, Exploration and Invention - (Special Presentation) Link to science related manuscripts from the Words and Deeds collection.

Selected Internet Resources in Science and Technology - (Internet Resources) Suggested Web sites from the Science Reference Services division in all areas of science and technology.

Sources for Quotations in the Sciences - (Science Reference Services) Click here for an extensive bibliography of online and print sources for quotations in the sciences.

Telegraph - (Prints and Photographs) View a selection of images depicting the telegraph from the online version of Pictorial Americana.

Thomas Alva Edison - (Special Presentation) A brief biography of Edison is featured here, along with articles from journals of his day in which he offered his views on music, films, inventions, and other topics.

Today in History (April 22, 1970) Earth Day - (Today in History) Learn about the history of Earth Day.

Transit of Venus March - (Special Presentation) Celebrate the 2004 Transit of Venus with John Philip Sousa's 19th century march.

Westinghouse World: The Companies, the People and the Places, The - (Special Presentation) Learn more about the history of the Westinghouse companies, working conditions, projects Westinghouse worked on and founder George Westinghouse.

What's New in Business and Science - (Science Reference Services) This site links to new Library of Congress resources in the field of science.

With Wings As Eagles: From Fantasy to Flight - (Learning Page Activity) View a powerpoint presentation highlighting resources from the Library of Congress that document the history of flight.

Work of Charles and Ray Eames: A Legacy of Invention, The - (Exhibition) This presentation features a selection of Charles and Ray Eames’ colorful slides presenting everyday things in new ways and relationships.


  Especially for your Students...

American Treasures: "Mr. Watson - come here!" - (Exhibition) Alexander Graham Bell's notebook entry of March 10, 1876 describes the first successful experiment with the telephone

American Treasures: Fulton's Submarine - (Exhibition) Napoleon commissioned the first practical submarine, designed by the American inventor, Robert Fulton.

American Treasures: Samuel F. B. Morse - (Exhibition) In March 1839, artist and inventor Samuel F. B. Morse traveled to Paris to promote the telegraph.

Edison's Failed Inventions - (America’s Library) Edison held 1093 patents, but he also had a few inventions that failed.

Everyday Mysteries: Fun Science Facts From the Library of Congress - (Learning Page Activity) Students will enjoy discovering the answers to a variety of puzzling science questions.

Invention of the Ice Cream Cone, The - (America’s Library) Enjoy this America's Library short story on the invention of this sweet treat.

Jump Back in Time: Inventor Elias Howe Was Born - (America’s Library) Elias Howe, inventor of the first practical American sewing machine, was born July 9, 1819.

Kitty Hawk, North Carolina - North Carolina First Flight at Kitty Hawk - (America's Library) The Wright brothers were from Ohio, but they achieved most of their successes in North Carolina.

Meet Amazing Americans: Scientists and Inventors - (America’s Library) Learn about people like Thomas Edison who invented products and made discoveries that changed our lives.

San Jose Tech Museum - (Local Legacies) This new museum shows visitors how technology affects the way they live, work, play and learn. Make sure to visit the museum online.

Today in History (December 17, 1903) First Flight - (Today in History) On this day in 1903, the Wright brothers became the first people to demonstrate sustained flight of a heavier-than-air machine under the complete control of the pilot.

Today in History (December 2, 1942) Atomic Age begins - (Today in History) On this date, scientists headed by Enrico Fermi engineered the first controlled nuclear fission chain reaction.

Today in History (June 16, 1775) First Army Corps of Engineers - (Today in History) Learn about Army Corps of Engineers.

Today in History (June 27, 1989) James Smithson - (Today in History) On this date English scientist James Smithson died, leaving the United States an endowment to found the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.

Today in History (June 3, 1880) Bell’s Photophone - (Today in History) Alexander Graham Bell transmitted the first wireless telephone message on his newly invented "photophone."

Today in History (May 24, 1844) First Telegraph Message - (Today in History) View the first telegraphic image and explore fascinating resources related to Samuel Morse and his inventions.

Today in History (May 5, 1925) John Scopes - (Today in History) High school science teacher John Scopes was arrested for teaching evolution in one of Tennessee's public schools.

Today in History (November 9, 1731 Benjamin Banneker - (Today in History) On this date mathematician and astronomer Benjamin Banneker was born.

United States Patent and Trademark Office Kid’s Pages - (Internet Resources) Students will learn about patents and trademarks at this educational government site! Make sure to check out the official USPTO site too!

What in the World Is That? - (Learning Page Activity)Learn about amazing innovations and inventions from the past through primary sources. Play the challenging game and explore additional resources on the learn more page.


lesson plans

Use these lesson plans (created by educators for educators) to explore topics about science and invention with your students in your classroom:

Around the World in 1896 - (Grades 6-9) Students role-play the experiences of members of the World's Transportation Commission on their travels in 1896. The teacher resource section - Brief History of Photography - outlines photo development from the 1600’s through the 1900’s.

Artifact Road Show - (Grades 3-5) Students act as historians, analyzing different artifacts. The fourth grade student activity - Linking Rare Finds - focuses on the Nashua River from an environmental perspective.

Conservation at a Crossroads - (Grades 9-12) Two separate lessons for students to investigate and debate the controversies inherent in conservation programs. The Hetch Hetchy dam project serves as an example for students to debate the controversies inherent in conservation programs.

Explorations - (Grades 8-12) Students are introduced to historical perspectives of nature and the environment.

Nature's Fury - (Grades 6-8) Students examine accounts by Americans from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries of their life changing experiences with nature.

Thank you, Mr. Edison - (Grades 7-12) Students investigate electrification as both a technological and social process.


bibliography

Is there a title (or two) that you always read to (or with) your students when teaching about this theme? Are there invaluable reference books that you use? Staff from The Library of Congress have begun a collection of titles for the "Science and Invention" theme. We hope you will contribute your favorites to our growing bibliography!

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collection connections

Create your own collaborative lesson plans using material related to this month's theme assembled from The Learning Page Collection Connections:

Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers at the Library of Congress, 1862-1939 - (Summary and Teaching Resources) Five online presentations (Alexander Graham Bell as Inventor and Scientist, The Bell Family Trees, Collection Highlights, The Telephone and Multiple Telegraph and Time Line of Alexander Graham Bell) are of special interest.

American Environmental Photographs, 1891-1936: Images from the University of Chicago Library - (Summary and Teaching Resources) This collection can be searched by either subject or geographical location. It includes a special presentation - Ecology and the American Environment.

America's First Look Into the Camera: Daguerreotype Portraits and Views - (Summary and Teacher Resources) Make sure to view the special presentation on the daguerreotype process.

Built in America: Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record, 1933-Present - (Summary and Teaching Resources) Searchable by subject and geographical location, this collection would be especially useful in the study of structures.

Emile Berliner and the Birth of the Recording Industry - (Summary Only) Make sure to view the special presentation - Emile Berliner: Inventor of the Gramophone.

Evolution of the Conservation Movement: 1850-1920, The - (Summary and Teaching Resources) Make sure to view the special presentation - Chronology of Selected Events in the Development of the American Conservation Movement.

Inside an American Factory: Films of the Westinghouse Works, 1904 - (Summary and Teaching Resources) This collection highlights the significance of technology and invention at the beginning of the twentieth cetury.

Inventing Entertainment: Early Motion Pictures and Sound Recordings of the Edison Companies - (Summary and Teaching Resources) This collection showcases the work of inventor Thomas Alva Edison.

Map Collections - (Summary and Teaching Resources) Make sure to visit the Conservation and Environment Maps page.

Origins of American Animation - (Summary and Teaching Resources) The collection shows the development of animation and reflects the attitudes of early twentieth-century America.

Reclaiming the Everglades: South Florida's Natural History, 1884-1934 - (Summary Only) This collection documents the development of the modern conservation movement, the establishment of the Everglades National Park and the role of state and federal governments in the development of a national park.

Samuel F. B. Morse Papers at the Library of Congress - (Summary Only) This collection documents the life and work of Samuel Morse, inventor of the electromagnetic telegraph, and his participation in the development of telegraph systems throughout the world.

Wilbur and Orville Wright Papers at the Library of Congress - (Summary Only)

Words and Deeds in American History: Selected Documents Celebrating the Manuscript Division - (Summary and Teaching Resources) Make sure to browse the Science, Medicine, Exploration, and Invention section of this collection.

search terms

These terms may be useful when searching for items related to this theme in the American Memory collections.

Astronomy Invention Names of Inventions
Biology Laboratory
Botany Medicine
Chemistry Ocean
Conservation Patent
Discovery Physics  
Environment Science  
Experiment Weather  
Geology Names of Scientists  

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Last updated 11/21/2008