This aerial view is looking north toward the Royal Gardens subdivision (note
roads in distance) built on the Pulama pali. The gray area spreading from left
to right consists of pahoehoe flows that reached the base of the pali on
December 14, 1999, and the Royal Gardens private access road on 11 January 2000
(note 90° turn in road, lower left). By the end of January, the flow
had covered 1.3 km of road. This is status quo for the access road, which
was last paved with lava in January 1998; its predecessors form numerous
strata in the flow field beneath it.
The dark area beneath the recent pahoehoe flows consist of lava flows
erupted from Kupaianaha between 1989 and 1991.
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