In spite of major advances over the last 25 years, serious gaps still exist in the areas of earthquake hazard predictions, site characterization for seismically sensitive parameters, constitutive behavior and material properties of rock, soils, and composite (reinforced) materials under seismic loads, and the stress and deformation responses of sites and facilities to seismic loading. Economical remediation and defensive design techniques are needed, in addition to careful calibration of fast-advancing numerical methods to actual field performance. |