The florid vaccination site contains high titers of
vaccinia virus. Transfer of this virus from the primary site to other
parts of the body, or to other individuals is a constant threat.
Inadvertent inoculation varies from single lesions to massive involvement
of disruptive skin
disorders (e.g. eczema).
The degree of skin involvement appears to parallel the risk and severity
of inadvertent inoculation. Slight lesions, such as superficial wounds,
burns and those seen in skin diseases may pose less of a risk than
massively involved skin areas. Nevertheless, any disrupted skin can
lead to implantation, although the consequences may be less for minor
lesions.
Adequate screening of vaccinees and contact information may assist in preventing such transmission. Covering the lesion and instruction to the vaccinees as to the potential for transmission may also assist in lowering the risk.
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