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NIOSH Safety and Health Topic:Skin Exposures & Effects |
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NIOSH has many research projects related to skin and skin exposures, including those in the following areas: NORA Dermal Exposure Research Program (DERP)Estimates indicate that more than 13 million workers in the United States are potentially exposed to chemicals that can be absorbed through the skin. A worker's skin may be exposed to hazardous chemicals through direct contact with contaminated surfaces, deposition of aerosols, immersion, or splashes. When substantial amounts of chemicals are absorbed, systemic toxicity can result. Contact dermatitis can also result when chemicals are absorbed through a worker's skin. Contact dermatitis is one of the most common chemically induced occupational illness, accounting for 10-15 percent of all occupational illnesses at an estimated annual cost of at least $1 billion. The NORA Dermal Exposure Research Program (DERP) was started in response to this situation. The overall goal of the program is to promote the development of improved NIOSH policies and recommendations for identifying and controlling harmful exposures of the skin to chemicals. This goal will be accomplished by (1) adding critical information to our current knowledge base through laboratory and field investigations and (2) developing and applying scientific decision-making processes for policy development using that knowledge base. More Information on DERP Download Information Sheet about
NORA DERP Field-Based Studies of Hazards, Health, Risk and ControlsA number of NIOSH research groups have conducted field studies and compiled statistics characterizing dermal exposures, determining health effects, characterizing risks or evaluating exposure controls. Others have worked on improving the tools available for conducting such studies. Bibliography of Recent NIOSH Peer-Reviewed Publications from Field Based Studies of Hazards, Health, Risk and Controls 2002Evaluation
of Self-Reported Skin Problems Among Workers Exposed to Toluene Diisocyanate
(TDI) at a Foam Manufacturing Facility 2001Determinants
of chlorpyrifos exposures and urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol levels
among termiticide applicators Distributions
and Determinants of Pre-emergent Herbicide Exposures Among Custom Applicators 2000Commentary:
Exposure and Absorption of Hazardous Materials Through the Skin Hand
wash and manual skin wipes 1998Occupational
dermatitis causing days away from work in US private industry Cancer
Risks Among Workers Exposed to Metalworking Fluids: A Systematic Review View full abstracts from list
above. Methodological Studies for Improved Chemical Analyses and Risk AnalysesA number of NIOSH research groups have conducted laboratory studies to improve the analysis of various types of samples and to improve tools for estimating risk. Bibliography of Recent NIOSH Peer-Reviewed Publications from Methodological Studies for Improved Chemical Analyses and Risk Analyses 2003In
vivo sensitization to purified Hevea brasiliensis Steady-State
Flux and Lag Time in the Stratum Corneum Lipid Pathway: Results from
Finite Element Models 2002A
Critique of Assumptions About Selecting Chemical-Resistant Gloves:
A Case for Workplace Evaluation of Glove Efficacy A
New Technique to Determine Organic and Inorganic Acid Contamination A
Random Walk Model of Skin Permeation In-Use
Testing and Interpretation of Chemical-Resistant Glove Performance Regarding
the Sources of Data Analyzed with Quantitative Structure-Skin Permeability
Relationship Methods 2001Development
of Sampling and Analytical Methods for Concerted Determination of
Commonly Used Chloroacetanilide, Chlorotriazine, and 2,4-D Herbicides
in Hand-wash, Dermal-patch, and Air Samples Random
Sampling or 'Random' Model in Skin Flux Measurements? [Commentary
on "Investigation of the Mechanism of Flux Across Human Skin
In Vitro by Quantitative Structure Permeability Relationships"] Receiver
Operating Characteristics Analyses of Food and Drug Administration-cleared
Serological Assays for Natural Rubber Latex-specific Immunoglobulin
E Antibody 2000A
Laboratory Comparison of Two Media for Use in the Assessment of Dermal
Exposure to Pesticides A
Quantitative Study of Aromatic Amine Permeation Through Protective
Gloves Using Amine Adsorptive Pads A
Robust Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Model for Esters that
Cause Skin Irritation in Humans Comparison
of Solvents for Removing Pesticides from Skin Using an In Vitro Porcine
Model 1999Determination
of Alkylamine Permeation Through Protective Gloves Using Aliphatic
Amine Pads Recovery
of Some Common Solvents from Protective Clothing Breakthrough Indicator
Pads by Microwave-Solvent Extraction and Gas Chromatography View
full abstracts from list above.
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