COLORADO
Aggressive Automated Enforcement Balanced with Fairness to Obligors
Goals:
- Design a systems structure to capture both the
terms of payment (the current monthly support
obligation and the monthly amount due on arrears) for
each court order with the paying behavior of the
obligor.
- Reconstitute the child support obligation into a
consumer credit presentation, taking into account that
consumer credit reporting rules and realities are very
different from child support financial rules and
realities.
- Provide county Child Support Enforcement (CSE)
technicians with the tools to gain the "big picture"
regarding the status of enforcement actions being used
against an obligor and that obligor's paying behavior
on all of the orders.
Description: In the fall of 1997, Colorado set out to redesign its
automated enforcement remedies. The redesign was part of a
three-year project called Monthly Amount Due Joint
Application Design (MADJAD), Automated Enforcement
Re-Engineering. Designing a centralized payment plan and
payment structure would allow Colorado Child Support
Enforcement (CSE) to be aggressive in the use of the
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation
Act (PRWORA) required automated enforcement remedies while
having the ability to enforce fairly, to honor payment
plans and to encourage paying behavior. It would provide
CSE with a centralized system functionality to tailor to
the unique characteristics of different remedies (e.g.,
attachment of income streams, asset intercepts, license
suspensions) and to the unique situations of the
individuals subject to enforcement (differences in
disposable income, those with single or multiple orders,
the sources of the payments made). Our financial system had
been designed with the court order as the organizing
feature. This totally new functionality - - with the
obligor as the central focus - - would result in the
redesign. The project design included advice from staff in
all areas of the state division and included the
participation of stakeholders (such as lenders and
representatives of the major consumer reporting agencies)
and county CSE workers.
The project was designed to address the following
issues:
- The use of pay criteria for Driver's License
Suspension, Professional/Occupational License
Suspension, New Hire Reporting (automated income
assignments), State Vendor Payment Offset, and
Financial Institution Data Match.
- Establishment of an obligor payment plan that
includes monthly support obligation, monthly payment on
arrears and total monthly payment due (used by the
automated enforcement remedies to monitor payment
compliance and to trigger remedies).
- Automation of the enforcement remedies to the
fullest extent possible and reduction of the need for
technician intervention whenever possible.
- The aging of accounts for the purpose of
reporting child support debt to the consumer reporting
agencies. Previously, the automated system reported
obligors as either current or delinquent depending on
the existing ledger balances. The ability to assemble
all critical financial information for an order - -
monthly support obligation, monthly amount due on
arrears, arrears total, aging information on payments,
payments received - - into one file and screen for
access by each automated enforcement remedy and for
display for technicians.
- The ability to view all orders for an obligor on
one screen which would display the current support
obligation, monthly amount due on arrears and arrears
balance for each order.
- Synchronizing income assignments with payment
plans so that no harm would come to the obligor by
creating an income assignment that did not reflect the
amounts on the ledger and payment plan.
- The ability to view all enforcement actions
against an obligor on all of his/her court orders on
one screen.
- >Automated enforcement based on the philosophy
that enforcement should have as its goal the
encouragement of regular monthly payments for the long
term. Amounts due on arrears must recognize ability to
pay and honor payment plans.
The project resulted in the design of the following
four key components:
- Financial Court Case Summary (FCCS) screen and
file were designed for use by the automated enforcement
programs to apply pay criteria. Each enforcement remedy
applies its own pay criteria to the information
displayed on this screen. Payments are displayed in
"real time" as soon as the central payment-processing
unit identifies them to the court order. This screen
also ages accounts (30-180 days past due and
collection), and provides the various pieces of data
sent to the consumer reporting agencies such as terms
of payment, current balance, date and amount of last
payment, and past-due amount. County users are trained
to utilize this screen as the "One-Stop Shop, the 7-11
of Enforcement." Previously, county users had to go to
several different areas of the automated system to
gather data for enforcement.
- The creation of functionality at the obligor
level which re-structures traditional IV-D finances
into a consumer credit presentation including balance
due, past due, terms, as well as 30, 60, 90, 120 and
180 day aging amounts. Particularly significant is the
creation of a trade line/collection account structure
that allows simultaneous reporting of both a trade line
portion and, if applicable, a collection account
portion for one court order. This structure addresses
the unique character of child support obligations that
are unlike other credit transactions. For instance,
there may be an ongoing monthly obligation payment
which is being paid and which, therefore, should be
characterized as "current" but arrearages resulting
from past non-paying behavior which should be properly
characterized as "collection account." Creation of this
structure allows Colorado to correctly report both of
these facts without duplicate reporting of any
balances.
- MADJAD also addressed the need for system users
to see the "big picture" for an obligor. Before the
re-design, there was no place in the automated system
where all the orders for an obligor could be viewed.
Therefore, county users might not have all the
information needed to judge the obligor's ability to
pay current support and the monthly amount due on the
arrearage. Now, every order with a ledger and ledger
balance for an obligor is displayed on a screen called
the Payment Plan. This screen has a recalculation
function that allows the users to establish the monthly
amount due on arrears and view the disposable income
required to meet the monthly payment due on all orders
enforced by Colorado. The amount set by the technician
for the monthly amount due on arrears is then displayed
on the FCCS screen for enforcement purposes. The
Payment Plan screen also connects the user to the
income assignment screen any time the monthly support
obligation or monthly amount due on arrears is changed.
In this way, the income assignment and the payment plan
are in sync with one another.
- The Enforcement Summary Screen lists 13 different
enforcement remedies and allows the user to enter the
Social Security number of an obligor to view the
remedies in place for the particular obligor. By
entering the court case identification number, the user
can also view the status of the particular court case
in each of the listed remedies. From the Enforcement
Summary Screen, the user can navigate to the menus or
primary screens of enforcement remedies.
Results:
- Automated enforcement remedies using pay criteria
operate consistently. Obligors are given credit for
payments as soon as the central payment-processing unit
identifies the payment to a court order. There is no
delay in waiting for payment allocation to the
ledger.
- While Colorado continues to refine its Credit
Reporting Program, the aging of accounts (30-180 days
past due) has generated an increase in obligor response
to the enforcement remedy. Accounts that are past due
more than 180 days are referred as collection status
accounts to the consumer reporting agencies. To clear a
collection account, the obligor must pay the collection
balance. Based on feedback to the State Enforcement
Unit, aging accounts for the purposes of credit
reporting is getting results. One of the largest lump
sum payments in the State was $55,000; the enforcing
county technician cited credit reporting as the impetus
for the payment. Each month, 85,200 orders are updated
and reported to the credit bureaus.
- Colorado's driver's license suspension program
automatically monitors all orders that have been
selected for drivers license suspension. In March of
2002, 77,600 orders were being monitored for payment
activity. Of these,14,400 orders had begun paying and
stayed in compliance as a result of the initial notice;
27,100 orders had begun paying after suspension or
threatened suspension; 22,700 orders were in
non-compliance (not paying); and 13,400 were paying
cases being monitored because the obligor was in
non-compliance on other orders.
- Colorado continues to work with technicians
throughout the State in setting a reasonable monthly
amount due on arrears. The Payment Plan screen is
instrumental in allowing technicians to see the "big
picture" for the obligor and the amounts he/she is
required to pay. The screen encourages county
technicians to work together in enforcing multiple
orders for the same obligor.
- Now that the technician sets the monthly amount
due on arrears in the Payment Plan screen and that
amount is simultaneously entered on the Financial Court
Case Summary screen for enforcement, the set monthly
amount due on arrears is consistent throughout the
automated system.
- Linking the payment plan to the income assignment
when changing the monthly support obligation or the
monthly amount due on arrears has created consistent
enforcement and eliminated any inconsistencies between
the expected payment on the ledger, payment plan, and
income assignment.
- Both the Financial Court Case Summary and Payment
Plan screens have added to the "user friendliness" of
the automated enforcement programs. The Financial Court
Case Summary provides the "One-Stop Shop" for automated
enforcement and the Payment Plan provides the "big
picture" for all of the obligor's child support
obligations.
- Since the Enforcement Summary Screen is the
latest addition to the automated system as a result of
MADJAD, it is too soon to evaluate its impact.
Location: Statewide in Colorado
Funding: Regular IV-D funding
Replication Advice: Implement changes in stages. The staged
implementation allowed the technical team to address any
program problems before advancing to the next action.
Thorough testing was also critical to smooth
implementation.
Stakeholder involvement was essential. Many different
sections and units throughout the Colorado Division of
Child Support Enforcement were involved in this project.
Understanding the business of lenders and the credit
community was a large hurdle to clear. Several focus groups
were convened so that both Child Support Enforcement and
the credit community could find a common language. The
input of the county users was invaluable in addressing
their needs and in making the re-engineering project
user-friendly.
Contacts:
Kathy Stillman, phone (720) 947-5038
Andrea Baugher, phone (720) 947-5040