A Country Study: Philippines

• Philippines
• Foreword
• Acknowledgements
• Preface
• Country Profile - Visit new updated Profile (PDF)
  • Country
  • Geography
  • Society
  • Economy
  • Transportation and Communications
  • Government and Politics
  • National Security
• Introduction

• Chapter 1 - Historical Setting (Donald M. Seekins)
  • Early History
  • The Early Spanish Period, 1521-1762
  • The Decline of Spanish Rule, 1762-1898
    • Trade with Europe and America
    • Chinese and Chinese Mestizos
    • The Friarocracy
    • The Development of a National Consciousness
    • José Rizal and the Propaganda Movement
    • The Katipunan
    • The 1896 Uprising and Rizal's Execution
  • Spanish-American War and Philippine Resistance
    • Outbreak of War, 1898
    • The Malolos Constitution and the Treaty of Paris
    • War of Resistance
  • The First Phase of the United States Rule, 1898-1935
    • A Collaborative Philippine Leadership
    • The Jones Act
    • Economic and Social Developments
      • The Tenancy Problem
      • Resistance Movements
  • The Commonwealth and the Japanese Occupation
    • Commonwealth Politics, 1935-41
    • World War II, 1941-45
  • Independence and Constitutional Government, 1945-72
    • Economic Relations with the United States after Independence
    • Security Agreements
    • The Huk Rebellion
    • The Magsaysay, Garcia, and Macapagal Administrations, 1953- 65
    • Marcos and the Road to Martial Law, 1965-72
    • Proclamation 1081 and Martial Law
      • The New Society
      • Crony Capitalism
    • From Aquino's Assassination to People's Power
      • The Old Political Opposition
      • The Catholic Church
      • The Business Elite
      • The Left
      • The Armed Forces
      • United States Reactions
      • The Snap Election and Marcos's Ouster

• Chapter 2 - The Society and Its Environment (Chester L. Hunt)
  • PHYSICAL SETTING
  • THE CLIMATE
  • POPULATION
    • Population Growth
    • Migration
    • Population Control
  • Ethnicity, Regionalism, and Language
    • Historical Development of Ethnic Identities
    • Language Diversity and Uniformity
    • The Lowland Christian Population
    • Muslim Filipinos
    • Upland Tribal Groups
    • The Chinese
  • Social Values and Organization
  • Rural Social Patterns
  • Urban Social Patterns
  • The Role and Status of the Filipina
  • Religious Life
    • Historical Background
    • Roman Catholicism
    • Indigenous Christian Churches
      • Iglesia Filipina Independiente
      • Iglesia ni Kristo
    • Protestantism
    • Islam
    • Ecumenical Developments
    • Church and State
  • Education
    • Historical Background
    • Education in the Modern Period
  • Health and Living Standards

• Chapter 3 - The Economy (Charles W. Lindsey)
  • Political Economy of Development
    • Economic Development Until 1970
    • Martial Law and its Aftermath, (1972-86)
    • The Aquino Government
  • Economic Planning and Policy
    • Development Planning
    • Fiscal Policy
    • Monetary Policy
    • Privatization
  • Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing
    • Agricultural Geography
    • Agricultural Production and Government Policy
    • Rice and the Green Revolution
    • Coconut Industry
    • Sugar
    • Land Tenancy and Land Reform
    • Livestock
    • Forestry
    • Fishing
  • Industry
    • Manufacturing
    • Mining
    • Energy
  • The Service Sector
    • Finance
    • Transportation
    • Telecommunications and Postal Services
    • Tourism
  • Employment and Labor Relations
    • Labor Force and Employment
    • Labor Relations
  • Economic Welfare
    • Extent of Poverty
    • Causes of Poverty
  • International Economic Relations
    • International Trade
    • Foreign Investment
    • External Debt
    • Development Assistance
    • Political Economy of United States Military Bases

• Chapter 4 - Government and Politics (Ross Marlay)
  • Government Structure
    • Constitutional Framework
    • National Government
      • Executive Department
      • Legislative Department
      • Judicial Department
    • Local Government
      • Organization
      • Regional Autonomy
  • Politics
    • The Inheritance from Marcos
    • The Rise of Corazon Aquino
      • The Coalition Comes Undone (1986-87)
      • The President and the Coup Plotters
    • Political Parties
      • Opposition Parties
      • Progovernment Parties
    • Voting and Elections
    • The Return of Old-Style Politics in the Countryside
    • Church-State Relations
    • Civil-Military Relations
      • Military Factions
      • Vigilantes
    • The Media
    • Unsolved Political Problems
  • Foreign Affairs
    • Filipino Nationalism
    • Relations with the United States
    • Relations with Asian Neighbors
      • Malaysia
      • Vietnam
      • Japan
      • China
    • Relations with the Soviet Union
    • Relations with the Middle East

• Chapter 5 - National Security (Allen G. Miller)
  • The Armed Forces in National Life
    • Historical Background
    • External Defense
    • Political Role
    • The Counterinsurgency Campaign
    • Recruitment and Personnel
    • Defense Spending and Industry
  • The Structure of the Armed Forces
    • Organization and Training
      • Army
      • Navy
      • Air Force
      • Philippine Constabulary
      • Reserves and Auxiliaries
    • Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
    • Salary and Benefits
    • Foreign Military Relations
  • Intelligence and Security Agencies
  • Public Order and Internal Security
    • The Communist Insurgency
      • Ideology and Strategy
      • Development of the Revolutionary Movement
      • Leadership and Organization
      • Political Organizing and Front Groups
      • Military Operations and Tactics
      • Financing and Foreign Support
    • The Moros
    • Crime
    • Law Enforcement
    • Penal Law
    • Criminal Procedure
    • The Correctional System

• Appendix. Tables
• Bibliography
• Glossary