A Country Study: Bolivia

• Bolivia
• Foreword
• Acknowledgments
• Preface
• Country Profile - Visit new updated Profile (PDF)
  • Country
  • Geography
  • Society
  • Economy
  • Transportation and Communications
  • Government and Politics
  • National Security:
• Introduction

• Chapter 1 - Historical Setting (Maria Luise Wagner)
  • Pre-Columbian Civilization
  • Conquest and Colonial Rule, 1532-1809
    • Conquest and Settlement
    • The Economy of Upper Peru
    • State, Church, and Society
  • Independence from Spain and the Early National Period, 1809-39
    • Struggle for Independence
    • Construction of Bolivia: Bolívar, Sucre, and Santa Cruz
  • Political Instability and Economic Decline, 1839-79
  • From the war of the Pacific to the Chaco War, 1879- 1935
    • War of the Pacific
    • Reconstruction and the Rule of the Conservatives
    • The Liberal Party and the Rise of Tin
    • The Republican Party and the Great Depression
    • The Chaco War
  • Prelude to Revolution, 1935-52
    • Radical Military Government
    • The Rise of New Political Groups
    • The "Sexenio," 1946-52
  • The Bolivian National Revolution, 1952-64
    • Radical Reforms
    • The Unfinished Revolution
  • Military Rule, 1964-82
    • The Presidency of Barrientos
    • Revolutionary Nationalism: Ovando and Torres
    • The Banzer Regime
    • Transition to Democracy

• Chapter 2 - The Society and Its Environment (Patricia Kluck)
  • Geography
    • Natural Regions
      • Mountains and Altiplano
      • Yungas and Other Valleys
      • Lowlands
    • Climate
  • Population and Regional Distribution
  • Ethnic Groups
    • Lowland Indians
    • Altiplano, Yungas, and Valley Indians
    • Mestizos and Cholos
    • Whites
  • Social Organization
    • Rural Society
    • Urban Society
      • The Working Class
      • The Upper Class
      • The Middle Class
    • Family and Kin
  • Migration and Urbanization
    • Migration
    • Urbanization
  • Religion
  • Education
  • Health and Social Security

• Chapter 3 - The Economy (Daniel J. Seyler)
  • Growth and Structure of the Economy
  • Economic Policy
    • Fiscal Policy
      • Expenditures
      • Revenues
    • Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies
  • Labor
    • Formal Sector
    • Informal Sector
  • Agriculture
    • Land Tenure
    • Land Reform and Land Policy
    • Land Use
    • Crops
      • Food Crops
      • Cash Crops
      • Coca
    • Farming Technology
    • Livestock
    • Forestry and Fishing
  • Energy
    • Petroleum and Natural Gas
    • Electricity
  • Mining
    • Structure of the Mining Industry
    • Tin and Related Metals
    • Other Metals and Minerals
  • Manufacturing and Construction
  • Services
    • Banking and Financial Services
    • Transportation
    • Communications
    • Tourism
  • Foreign and Economic Relations
    • Foreign Trade
    • Balance of Payments
    • Debt
    • Foreign Assistance

• Chapter 4 - Government and Politics (Eduardo A. Gamarra)
  • Constitutional Background
  • Governmental Structure
    • The Executive
  • The Legislature
    • The Judiciary
    • The Electoral System
    • Departmental and Local Government
  • Political Dynamics
    • The Legacy of the 1952 Revolution
    • The Tortuous Transition to Democracy
    • Democracy and Economic Stabilization
    • The 1989 Elections
    • Political Forces and Interest Groups
      • Political Parties
      • The Military
      • Organized Labor
      • The Peasantry
      • Regional Civic Committees
      • The Private Sector
    • The Media
  • Foreign Relations
    • The United States
    • The Soviet Union
    • The Third World
    • Neighboring Countries
    • Membership in International Organizations

• Chapter 5 - National Security (Rex A. Hudson)
  • Evolution of the Military Role in Society and Government
    • Early History
    • The Legacy of the Chaco War
    • Reorganization of the Armed Forces, 1952-66
    • The Counterinsurgency Decade
    • Military Intervention in Politics, 1970-85
  • The Armed Forces
    • Mission and Organization
    • Army
    • Navy
    • Air Force
    • Civil Aeronautics
    • Civic Action
    • Defense Budget
  • Manpower and Training
    • Conscription
    • Ranks, Uniforms, and Insignia
    • Military Schools
    • Military Justice
  • Foreign Military Assistance in the 1980's
    • The United States
    • Other Foreign Military Ties
  • The Security Forces
    • Historical Background
    • Mission and Organization
    • Special Police Forces
    • Regional Police Structure
    • Recruitment and Training
  • Threats to Internal Security
    • Narcotics Trafficking
      • Narcoterrorism
      • Narcotics Corruption
      • Bilateral and Legislative Antinarcotics Measures
      • Antinarcotics Forces and Operations
      • Attitudes Toward Antinarcotics Forces
    • Subversive Groups
  • Crime and Punishment
    • The Criminal Justice System
      • General Procedures
      • Extradition
      • Impact of Narcotics Trafficking
    • The Penal System
    • Incidence of Crime

• Appendix. Tables
• Bibliography
• Glossary