The Upper Ohio Navigation Study will determine the best plan for improving the upper Ohio River navigation system, specifically the Emsworth, Dashields and Montgomery Locks and Dams.  Emsworth, Dashields and Montgomery, the first three locks and dams on the Ohio River just below The Point in Pittsburgh, were built prior to World War II and are the oldest structures with the smallest lock chambers in the Ohio River system.  This feasibility study will address their structural condition, capacity, environmental issues and the corresponding economic benefits and costs to determine the best plan for improving the navigation system.  Findings and recommendations from the recently released draft Ohio River Mainstem Systems Study will provide substantial background information from a system-wide perspective to this site-specific navigation feasibility study. The Upper Ohio Navigation Study is expected to be completed in three to five years.

Authority
Authority was provided through a resolution adopted by the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Public Works and Transportation, adopted March 11, 1982, which reads as follows:

Resolved by the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives, United States, that the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors established by Section 3 of the River and Harbor Act, approved June 13, 1902, is hereby requested to review the reports on the Ohio River published as House Document No. 492, 60^th Congress, First Session, and house Document No. 306, Seventy-fourth Congress, First Session, and other pertinent reports with a view to determine whether any modification in the authorized plan for modern barge navigation and other purposes on the Ohio River is advisable at this time with particular emphasis on the need for improvement or replacement of Emsworth Locks and Dams, Ohio River Mile 6.1; Dashields Locks and Dam, Ohio River Mile 13.3; Montgomery Island Locks and Dam, Ohio River Mile 31.7; and other locations where obsolete or inadequate facilities impede the orderly flow of commerce.

Capacity and Condition
Two major problems are associated with the upper Ohio River navigation system – structural condition and inadequate lock capacity for modern navigation tows.  Emsworth, Dashields and Montgomery Locks and Dams have been in operation for 79, 71 and 64 years, respectively, and are nearing the end of their useful life.  Built prior to air-entrained concrete, all three structures experience structural condition fatigue of the concrete causing unreliable structural capacity of the lock walls.  Also, none of the structures meet modern design criteria.

Additionally, the lock chamber sizes (110’ x 600’ main chamber and 56’ x 360’ auxiliary chamber) are now well below the size required to accommodate the larger, more powerful modern tows that lock through the 110’ x 1200’ locks on the lower Ohio River.  Many tows have to “double-lock” through the upper Ohio River locks’ main chambers, which consumes additional time and causes additional wear and tear on both the lock structure and operating machinery.  These undersized lock chambers increase economic inefficiencies and, therefore, increase consumer costs.  The economic justification for construction of larger locks will be evaluated in this feasibility study.

Major Rehabilitation

The Emsworth locks have been operational since 1922 while the original dams were rebuilt into gated structures and have been operational since 1938.  Dashields and Montgomery Locks and Dams have been in operation since 1929 and 1936, respectively.  The condition problems at these facilities were temporarily addressed during major rehabilitation projects at Emsworth, Dashields and Montgomery Locks and Dams undertaken in the 1980s and early 1990s.  These efforts were only intended as stop-gap measures designed to extend the useful life of the structures for an additional 25 years.  Given the affects of weathering and age on the projects, there were concerns over their continued reliability.  Anchoring and other temporary solutions were implemented in an attempt to extend their life until more permanent repairs could be evaluated and implemented.  Thus, the rehabilitation program was kept limited in scope and was guided by expediency in light of lock closure time constraints, costs or feasibility.

Many known problems were only corrected in part; others were left untouched because repairs were found to be non-feasible, and others similarly were left uncorrected because they were considered not critical.  As an example, deteriorated concrete was left in place instead of being removed and was mostly covered over.  Thus, while the surface appearance of the locks, particularly the top of the lock walls, appears in good condition, hidden below that surface are most of the problems that existed before the major rehabilitation efforts.  It is further noted that the 25-year time period of the major rehabilitation for Emsworth, Dashields and Montgomery will end in 2010, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Public Involvement
Scoping meetings provide an initial opportunity for the public to express their views and concerns and ensure their interests are considered.  A the study progresses, the Corps invites continuing public participation to promote open communication and more informed decision-making.  The Corps will maintain a project mailing list and will distribute periodic updates, announcements and notices of study document availability.

Public comments are welcome throughout the study process.  Formal opportunities for public participation during the feasibility study include attendance at public meetings, correspondence, e-mail and review and comment on the draft and final versions of the Environmental Impact Statement.  Comments or requests to be placed on the study mailing list can be mailed to:  U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pittsburgh District; ATTN:  Conrad Weiser; 2200 William S. Moorhead Federal Building; 1000 Liberty Avenue; Pittsburgh, PA  15222-4186 or e-mail to ohiorivernfs.usace.army.mil.