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Federal and State Funding for Early Care and Education

The following table summarizes available data for the major Federal and State early care education funding streams in the United States.

Programs

Funding

Children Served

Comments

Federal
Head Start/Early Head Start $6.8 billion [1]
[Expenditure FY 2005] 		906,993[2]
[FY 2005] 		Head Start and Early Head Start programs are administered by the Head Start Bureau. They are child-focused programs that serve children from birth to age 5, pregnant women and their families, and have the overall goal of increasing the school readiness of young children in low-income families. In FY 2004, nearly $677 million was used to support more than 650 programs that provide Early Head Start, child development, and family support services in all 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. These programs served nearly 62,000 children younger than 3 years.
http://www2.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/hsb/
Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) $5.3 billion [3]
[Expenditure FY 2005]		 1,782,000[4]
(average monthly)
[FY 2005]		 CCDF assists low-income families, families receiving temporary public assistance, and those transitioning from public assistance in obtaining child care so they can work or attend training/education. CCDF serves children younger than 13 years; however, some States may elect to serve children age 13 to 19 who are physically or mentally incapacitated or under court supervision. In FY 2003, 63 percent of children served were between birth to 5 years, and 35 percent were between 6 and 13 years.
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ccb/ccdf/factsheet.htm
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) $1.94 billion (transfer) [5]
$1.28 billion
(direct) [6]
[Expenditure FY 2004] 		NA TANF provides grants to States, Territories, or Tribes to assist needy families with children so that children can be cared for in their own homes; reduce dependency by promoting job preparation, work, and marriage; reduce and prevent out-of-wedlock pregnancies; and to encourage the formation and maintenance of two-parent families. States may transfer TANF funds to CCDF or directly spend funds on child care.
http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/ofa/
Early Intervention Program for Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities $440.8 million [7]
 [Appropriation FY 2005] 		282,733[8]
[FY 2005] 		The Program for Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities (Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004) is a Federal grant program administered by the Office of Special Education Programs that assists States in operating a comprehensive Statewide program of early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities, ages birth through 2 years, and their families.
http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/osep/index.html
Preschool Grants for Children with Disabilities $381 million [9]
[Appropriation FY 2006]		 702,000 [10]
[School Year 2004-2005] 		The Preschool Grants Program, authorized under Section 619 of Part B of IDEA and administered by the Office of Special Education Programs, was established to provide grants to states to serve young children with disabilities, ages 3 through 5 years. http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/osep/index.html
21st Century Community Learning Centers $981 million
[Appropriation FY 2006] [11] 		1,320,000 students were served
[FY 2005] [12] 		This program is now a State formula grant. It was formerly a discretionary grant program under the Improving America's Schools Act. Under the reauthorized authority, funds flow to States based on their share of Title I, Part A funds. States use their allocations to provide competitive awards to eligible entities. The purpose is to provide expanded academic enrichment opportunities for school-age children attending low-performing schools.
http://www.ed.gov/programs/21stcclc/index.html
Even Start $99 million [13]
[Appropriation FY 2006] 		50,000 families [14]
[FY 2003-2004] 		The Even Start Family Literacy Program addresses the basic educational needs of parents and children up to age 8 from low-income families by providing a unified program of (1) adult basic or secondary education and literacy programs for parents, (2) assistance for parents to promote their children's educational development, and (3) early childhood education for children.
http://www.ed.gov/programs/evenstartformula/index.html
Title I Preschool $200 million [15]
[Appropriation FY 2002] 		300,000 [16]
[FY 2002]		 Many school districts support preschool programs with their Title I (Education for the Disadvantaged) funds. In FY 2002, the Department of Education estimated that about 2 percent to 3 percent of Title I funds, or approximately $200 million, was used for this purpose. Title I preschool programs help more than 300,000 children in high-poverty communities enter kindergarten with the skills they need to succeed in school.
http://www.ed.gov/programs/titleiparta/index.html
Social Services Block Grant (SSBG) $254 million [17]
[Expenditure FY 2004] 		NA SSBG funds a broad range of social services and is a significant Federal funding source for child care. SSBG expenditure on child care includes $113 million SSBG allocation for child care and $141 million TANF transfers to SSBG.
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ocs/ssbg/docs/

Early Reading First $103 million [18]
[Appropriation FY 2006] 		NA Early Reading First provides competitive grants to school districts and preschool programs that fund the development of model programs to support the school readiness of preschool-aged children, particularly those from low-income families.
http://www.ed.gov/programs/earlyreading/index.html
Child Care Means Parents in School (CCAMPIS) $15.8 million [19] NA CCAMPIS supports the participation of low-income parents in postsecondary education through the provision of campus-based child care services. The program supports or establishes campus-based child care programs primarily serving the needs of low-income students. Grants may be used for before- and after-school services.
http://www.ed.gov/programs/campisp/index.html
State
Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) $2.2 billion [20]
[Expenditure FY 2005] 		NA States typically fund child care in conjunction with the CCDF block grant requirements. There is no current and complete estimate of all State funding for child care; however, State expenditures used to meet CCDF Matching Fund and Maintenance of Effort requirements are reported.
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ccb/data/index.htm
Prekindergarten $2.84 billion [21]
[Expenditure School Year 2004-2005] 		801,902 [22]
[School Year 2004-2005]		 States have started creating programs to increase access, improve quality, and invest public resources in preschool education.
http://nieer.org/yearbook/

NA= Not Available

1 Head Start Bureau. (2006). Head Start program fact sheet: Fiscal year 2005. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www2.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/hsb/research/2006.htm

2 Ibid

3 Child Care Bureau. (2006). Fiscal year 2005 Child Care and Development Fund summary of expenditure by categorical items. Retrieved December 08, 2006, from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ccb/data/expenditures/05acf696/table1.htm

4 Child Care Bureau. (2006). Child Care and Development Fund: Average monthly adjusted number of families and children served (FFY 2005). Retrieved December 08, 2006, from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ccb/data/ccdf_data/05acf800/table1.htm

5 Office of Family Assistance. (2006). Table A - Combined federal funds spent in FY 2005: Spending from federal TANF grant in FY 2005 through the fourth quarter. Retrieved December 08, 2006, from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ofs/data/2005/tanf_2005.html

6 Office of Family Assistance. (2006). Table A - Combined federal funds spent in FY 2005 through the fourth quarter: Summary of expenditures on assistance in 2005 and Table A - Combined federal funds spent in FY 2005 through the fourth quarter: Expenditures on non-assistance in 2005. Retrieved December, 2006 from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ofs/data/2005/tanf_2005.html

7 National Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center. (2005). Annual appropriations and number of children served under Part C of IDEA, federal fiscal years 1987–2006. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www.nectac.org/partc/partcdata.asp

8 Ibid.

9 U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services. (n.d.). Preschool Grants for Children with Disabilities: Funding status, fiscal year 2006. Available on the Web at http://www.ed.gov/programs/oseppsg/funding.html

10 National Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center. (n.d.). Section 619—Preschool program federal appropriations and national child count, 1977–2005. Retrieved December 08, 2006, from http://www.nectac.org/~pdfs/growthcomp.pdf

11 General Services Administration. (2006). 84.287 Twenty-First Century Community Learning Centers. In Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance. Retrieved December 08, 2006, from, http://12.46.245.173/pls/portal30/CATALOG.PROGRAM_TEXT_RPT.SHOW?p_arg_names=prog_nbr&p_arg_values=84.287

12 Ibid

13 Office of Elementary and Secondary Education. (n.d.). Even Start: Funding status, 2005. Retrieved June 28, 2005, from http://www.ed.gov/programs/evenstartformula/funding.html

14 Office of Elementary and Secondary Education. (n.d.). Even Start facts and figures: Estimated number of families served, FY 2003-2004 . Retrieved June 28, 2005, from http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oese/sasa/esfacts.html

15 The White House. (2003, September). Good Start, Grow Smart!, The Bush Administration’s Early Childhood Initiative, Executive summary. Retrieved June 28, 2005, from http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/earlychildhood/earlychildhood.pdf

16 Ibid.

17 Office of Community Services. (n.d.). "Table F-3: SSBG expenditures by service, 2004." In Annual Report on Expenditures and Recipients 2004. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ocs/ssbg/annrpt/2004/index.html

18 Office of Elementary and Secondary Education. (n.d.). Early Reading First: Funding status, 2006. Retrieved December 08, 2006, from http://www.ed.gov/programs/earlyreading/funding.html

19 U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services. (n.d.). Child Care Access Means Parents in School Program: Funding status, fiscal year 2006. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www.ed.gov/programs/campisp/funding.html

20 Child Care Bureau. (2005). Fiscal year 2005 Child Care and Development Fund summary of expenditure by categorical items. Retrieved July 25, 2005, from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ccb/data/expenditures/05acf696/toc.htm

21 Barnett, W. S., Hustedt, J. T., Robin, K. B., & Schulman, K. L. (2005). The state of preschool: 2005 state preschool yearbook [Electronic version]. Retrieved June 28, 2005, from http://nieer.org/yearbook/pdf/yearbook.pdf

22 Ibid.

Updated December 2006

 
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