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Generalized geology of the Former Soviet Union (geo1)

Metadata also available as - [Outline] - [Parseable text] - [DIF]

Frequently-anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

Title: Generalized geology of the Former Soviet Union (geo1)
Abstract:
The data set for this coverage includes arcs, polygons, and polygon labels that outline and describe the general geologic age and type of bedrock of the Former Soviet Union and selected adjacent areas. It also includes shoreline and inland water bodies.
  1. How should this data set be cited?

    U.S. Geological Survey, 199808, Generalized geology of the Former Soviet Union (geo1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470E, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Persits, F. M. , Ulmishek, G. F. , and Steinshouer, D. W. , 1998, Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields and geological provinces of the Former Soviet Union: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470E, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.

    This is part of the following larger work.

    U.S. Geological Survey, 1998, World energy data on CD-ROM: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

    West_Bounding_Coordinate: 3.4409298
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: 138.20580296
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 59.40090232
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.65662214

  3. What does it look like?

  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

    Calendar_Date: Unknown
    Currentness_Reference: publication date

  5. What is the general form of this data set?

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map

  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?

    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):

      • Point (11296)
      • String (25847)
      • GT-polygon composed of chains (11297)

    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      The map projection used is Equidistant Conic.

      Projection parameters:
      Standard_Parallel: 58.5
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: 100.0
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 60.0
      False_Easting: 0
      False_Northing: 0

      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 1
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 1
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters

      The horizontal datum used is N/A.
      The ellipsoid used is Krasovsky.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378245.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.301.

  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

    Surficial geology
    The geology of each polygon by straigraphic unit, age, and/or lithology. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)

    glg
    The abbreviated geologic age of the surficial rock formation. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, values taken from original map legend.)

    ValueDefinition
    QQuaternary (undivided)
    QTQuaternary and Tertiary
    NNeogene
    NPgNeogene and Paleogene
    PgPaleogene
    PgKPaleogene and Cretaceous
    KCretaceous (undivided)
    KJCretaceous and Jurassic
    JJurassic (undivided)
    JTrJurassic and Triassic
    TrTriassic
    PzPaleozoic (undivided)
    PPermian
    TrPTriassic and Permian
    PCPermian to Carboniferous
    CCarboniferous
    CDCarboniferous and Devonian
    DDevonian (undivided)
    DSDevonian and Silurian
    SSilurian
    SOSilurian to Ordovician
    OOrdovician
    OCmOrdovician to Cambrian
    CmCambrian
    pCPrecambrian (undivided)
    CmPtCambrian to Proterozoic
    PtProterozoic
    ZUpper Proterozoic
    YUpper and Middle Proterozoic
    XLower and Middle Proterozoic
    AArchean
    QvExtrusive rocks, Pliocene and Quaternary
    TKiAcidic intrusive rocks, Creteceous, Paleogene and Neogene
    MiAcidic Mesozoic intrusive rocks
    PiPaleozoic intrusive rocks
    PtAiAcidic Proterozoic and Archean intrusive rocks
    iiBasic, Ultrabasic and Alkaline intrusive rocks of unknown age
    othAreas outside of the former Soviet Union
    IceArctic areas covered by Ice
    SeaSea and large lakes
    H2OLakes and wide rivers


Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)

  2. Who also contributed to the data set?

    Digital Map Compilation - Feliks Persits
    Geological Attribution - Feliks Persits, Douglas Steinshouer
    Province Boundaries - Gregory Ulmishek
    Province Boundaries Digital Compilation - Lee Osmonson
    Oil and Gas Database - Tim Klett
    Metadata - Feliks Persits, B.S. Larson

  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

    Feliks Persits
    U.S. Geological Survey Central Energy Resource Team
    GIS Contractor
    Mail Stop 939
    Box 25046
    Denver Federal Center
    Denver, Colorado 80225-0046
    USA

    303-236-3612 (voice)
    303-236-8822 (FAX)
    fpersits@usgs.gov

    Hours_of_Service: 9 a.m - 5 p.m. U.S. Rocky Mountain Time Zone


Why was the data set created?

Although a geologic map displays the geographic distribution of the different geologic units and rock types for numerous purposes, this data set is compiled primarily for the World Energy Project as part of a required strategic base for assessing the petroleum potential of this region. For this purpose, the map basically provides an outline of the general geographic distribution of both known or hypothetical petroleum-potential formations and units, i.e., sedimentary rocks and basins, and areas containing igneous and metamorphic rocks which have virtually little or no potential. The map is also compiled, in part, to provide a basis for outlining the geographic and petroleum provinces of coverage PROV1. This basic geologic data set, combined with others, such as tectonic and burial histories, distribution of known oil and gas fields, distribution and quality of reservoir rocks, organic geochemistry, etc., will ultimately define the basis for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas in the Former Soviet Union.


How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

    Paper Geologic Map (source 1 of 1)
    Vsesoyuzniy Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Geologicheskiy Institute (VSEGEI), 1966, Geologic Map of The USSR, scale 1:7,500,000: Ministry of Geology of the USSR, Leningrad, USSR.

    Type_of_Source_Media: Paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 7500000
    Source_Contribution:
    The two paper map sheets are used as the sources for creation of the corresponding ARC/INFO coverages.

  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

    Date: Oct-1997 (process 1 of 2)
    Scanning original paper maps on large format Anatech Eagle scanner. There is one copy for each of two sheets - gray scale (after original map scanning).
    Images are in TIFF format at 200 dot/inch resolution. The images then transformed to Equidistant Conic Projection by ARC/INFO GRIDWARP program (polynomial of the second order). The "from-to" links for transformation are created by ARC/INFO CONTROLPOINTS program where latitude/longitude grid (point coverage) with cell size 6X4 degrees is used as a reference. Georeferenced gray scale images from the first step are vectorized by the method of extraction linear features described by F. Persits, 1997, (USGS open-file report OF-97-713), and then corrected by hands-on digitizing.
    After the vectorizing is completed, a series of piecewise "rubbersheet" transformations are applied to the ARC/INFO coverages created The ARC/INFO coverages used as reference for transformation are ESRI's ArcWorld 1:3 million GIS cartographic layers (RIV3M, CTRY3M). To perform rubber transformation the combination of ARC/INFO ARCEDIT (add links) and ADJUST programs are applied. There are a number of such transformations for every limited area on original coverage.
    The geology attribute data are assigned using standardized geologic symbols for the World Energy project. Although all polygons from the source maps are in- cluded in the data, geology was simplified from its original version, and attributed only by overall age; no technical division was made of geologic ages into upper, lower, early, late, etc., nor were geologic units differentiated within any particular geologic age or region as they appear on the source maps. This is particularily true for Precambrian units. ESRI's ArcInfo GIS system is used for cleaning and attributing. Topology is created. Some attributes are combined and some polygons generalized.

    Data sources used in this process:

    • Paper Geologic Map

    Date: 23-Nov-1997 - 19980911 (process 2 of 2)
    FPERSITS DISSOLVE RUS_ALL_FCC RUS_ALL_FCD GLG
    FPERSITS RENAME RUS_ALL_FCD RUS_ALL_L
    FPERSITS CLEAN RUS_ALL_L RUS_ALL_LC 0.0 750.
    FPERSITS BUILD RUS_ALL_LC
    FPERSITS LABELERRORS RUS_ALL_LC
    FPERSITS CREATELABELS RUS_ALL_LC 55000
    FPERSITS CLEAN RUS_ALL_LC RUS_ALL_LCC 0.0 250.
    FPERSITS BUILD RUS_ALL_LCC
    FPERSITS RENAME RUS_ALL_LCC RUS_ALL_L
    FPERSITS LABELERRORS RUS_ALL_L
    FPERSITS COPY RUS_ALL_L /ACCOUNTS2/FPERSITS/RUS_GEO/RUS_ALL_L
    FPERSITS RENAME RUS_ALL_L GEO1
    FPERSITS COPY GEO1 ARC_COVR/GEO1
    FPERSITS ARCEDIT /ACCOUNTS2/FPERSITS/RUS_GEO/ARC_COVR/GEO1
    FPERSITS ARCEDIT /ACCOUNTS2/FPERSITS/RUS_GEO/ARC_COVR/GEO1N
    FPERSITS TOLERANCE GEO1N
    FPERSITS TOLERANCE GEO1N SNAP 1500
    FPERSITS TOLERANCE GEO1N
    FPERSITS CLEAN GEO1N GEO1N 0 1000
    FPERSITS BUILD GEO1N
    FPERSITS LABELERRORS GEO1N
    FPERSITS BUILD GEO1N
    FPERSITS LABELERRORS GEO1N
    FPERSITS CREATELABELS GEO1N 25000
    FPERSITS BUILD GEO1N
    FPERSITS LABELERRORS GEO1N
    FPERSITS BUILD GEO1N
    FPERSITS RENAME GEO1N GEO1
    FPERSITS CLEAN GEO1 GEO1C 0 1000
    FPERSITS BUILD GEO1C
    FPERSITS RENAME GEO1C GEO1
    FPERSITS LABELERRORS GEO1
    FPERSITS CREATELABELS GEO1 25500
    FPERSITS BUILD GEO1
    FPERSITS LABELERRORS GEO1
    FPERSITS LABELERRORS GEO1
    FPERSITS EXPORT COVER GEO1 /ACCOUNTS2/FPERSITS/RUS_GEO/EXPORT/GEO1 NONE
    FPERSITS UNGENERATE POLY GEO1 /ACCOUNTS2/FPERSITS/RUS_GEO/GEO1.GEN
    FPERSITS LABELERRORS GEO1
    FPERSITS COPY GEO1 /ACCOUNTS2/FPERSITS/OF97470E/ARC_COVR/GEO1
    FPERSITS COPY GEO1 /ACCOUNTS2/FPERSITS/OF97470E/FSU/ARC_COVR/GEO1
    BILLL   DOCUMENT GEO1 CREATE BILLL
    

  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?


How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?

    Overall accuracy is based on accuracy of general geology coverage. Since all the attributes are of character type, only correctness of polygon labelling can be provided (see below).
    Attributes and contacts are verified via visual editing and review. A minimum of two reviewers examine and compare digital versions versus orignal material.
    A comparison between color plot and original paper map was carried out by visual comparison. Color plots in 1:7,500,000 scale were superimposed on each of corresponding original map sheets. All errors detected in attributes were corrected.

  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

    1. Original geological maps are of 750 meter maximum accuracy (0.1 mm on paper map of 1:7,500,000 scale)
    2. Scanned images are of 200 dot/inch resolution (0.1 mm on paper). That is why fuzzy tolerance for CLEAN programm in ARC/INFO is set to 1500 m (two pixels).
    3. Several steps are taken to vectorize scanned images. The projection and coordinate system for the original map are not given. Therefore it is necessary to georeference the map to real world coordinates. This is done as follows:
    3.1. The latitude/longitude graticule with cell size 4 * 6 degree is projected to Equidistant Conic projection and then used to create ARC/INFO point coverage. That point coverage is used to create "to - from" links by ARC/INFO CONTROLPOINTS program.
    3.2 A gray-scale scanned image of the original paper map is transformed to Equidistant Conic projection by ARC/INFO GRIDWARP program (polynomial of the second order) using the "to - from" links created by CONTROLPOINTS program.
    3.3 The scanned image from the second step is vectorized by the method of extraction of linear features described by F.Persits, 1997, (USGS open-file report OF-97-713), and then corrected by hands-on digitization.
    3.4 A series of piecewise "rubbersheet" transformations are applied to the final ARC/INFO coverage. The ARC/INFO coverages that are used for transformation were ESRI's ArcWorld 1:3 million GIS cartographic layers.
    Overall position error is estimated with a randomly selected set of locations on the ESRI coverages and comparing the same locations on the final geology coverage (geo1). RMS error is 4.8 km (0.64 mm of the original paper map) with maximum error about 12 km (1.6 mm on original paper map).

  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

    N/A

  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

    Polygon topology present.


How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints:
ESRI and MapObjects are registerd trademarks in the United States and are either trademarks or registered trademarks in all other countries where they are used, and ArcExplorer is a trademark of Environmental Systems Research, Inc.
Use_Constraints:
Portions of this database covering coastline and country boundaries contain intellectual property of Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), and are used with permission. End users are permitted to use these data sets for their own internal use, including derivative work, but are prohibited from using and redistributing these data individually or in a derivative work to third parties. Please refer to the "ATTACHMENT B" file (attach_b.txt) on this CD-ROM for further information on ESRI's license agreement. ESRI and MapObjects are registerd trademarks in the United States and are either trademarks or registered trademarks in all other countries where they are used, and ArcExplorer is a trademark of Environmental Systems Research, Inc.

  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

    USGS Earth Science Information Center (ESIC)
    Building 810
    Box 25286
    Denver Federal Center
    Denver, Colorado 80225-00286
    USA

    303-202-4200 (voice)
    303-202-4693 (FAX)
    infoservices@usgs.gov

    Hours_of_Service: 8 a.m. - 4 p.m. U.S. Rocky Mountain Time Zone
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

    USGS Open-File Report 97-470E

  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

    Although these data have been processed on computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the Geological Survey regarding the utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

  4. How can I download or order the data?

  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?

    To use coverage data you need ARC/INFO ver. 7.0.4 or higher installed. To use ARCVIEW data you need ARCVIEW 3.0 or higher installed. If you dont't have ARC/INFO or ARCVIEW a similar text and map data set are available via Adobe Systems, Inc., Portable Document Format(TM) (PDF). (It is available on the CD-ROM or download and install the Adobe(R) Reader version 3.0 or greater. The reader is available at no charge from Adobe Systems. An ArcExplorer data set is accessable by downloading ESRI's ArcExplorer 1.1 from <http://www.esri.com/software/arcexplorer/index.html> (currently available for WIN95 and WIN-NT only) (Mac users may have success in using ArcExplorer in combination with SoftPC (TM) or VirtualPC (TM)).


Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 08-Sep-1999
Last Reviewed: 08-Sep-1999
Metadata author:
Feliks Persits
USGS Central Energy Resource Team
GIS Contractor
Mail Stop 939
Box 25046
Denver Federal Center
Denver, Colorado 80225-0046
USA

303-236-3612 (voice)
303-236-0459 (FAX)
fpersits@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)


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