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Bedrock geology of the Arabian Peninsula and selected adjacent areas (GEO_2A)

Frequently-anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How should this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How should this data set be cited?

   Pollastro, Richard M. , 1998, Bedrock geology of the Arabian Peninsula and selected adjacent areas (GEO_2A): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470B, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.

   This is part of the following larger work.

   Pollastro, Richard M. , Karshbaum, Amy S. , and Viger, Roland J. , 1997, Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields and geologic provinces of the Arabian Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470B, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.

   This is part of the following larger work.

   U.S. Geological Survey, 1998, World energy data on CD-ROM: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470.

   Online Links:

   • <http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/energy/WorldEnergy/WEnergy.html>

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.3

   East_Bounding_Coordinate: 60.5

   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.3

   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 11.3

3. What does it look like?

4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Calendar_Date: Dec-1997

   Currentness_Reference: publication date

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

      Indirect_Spatial_Reference:

      Arabian Peninsula, Middle East, Bahrain, Lebanon, Israel, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, South Yemen, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Gaza Strip, and West Bank.

      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Area point

   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      The map projection used is Lambert Conformal Conic.

      Projection parameters:

      Standard_Parallel: 17.0

      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: 47.0

      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 22.0

      False_Easting: 0.0

      False_Northing: 0.0

      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 1000
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 1000
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters

      The horizontal datum used is Unknown.
      The ellipsoid used is Clarke 1866.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6370997.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/294.98.
      

7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   Surficial geology

   The geologic age of the rock formations as they occur on the surface. Some attribute data also indicates rock type, i.e., sedimentary, igneous, volcanic, metamorphic, etc., or facies, i.e., eolian, fluvial, salt, etc. (Source: U.S. Geologic Survey)

   GLG

   The abbreviated geologic age of the surficial rock formation. (Source: U.S. Geologic Survey)

   Value	Definition
   Q	Quaternary
   Qf	Quaternary(fluvial)
   Qe	Quaternary(eolian)
   Qsk	Quaternary(sahbka)
   QT	Quaternary-Tertiary
   T	Tertiary
   TK	Tertiary-Cretaceous
   K	Cretaceous
   KJ	Cretaceous-Jurassic
   J	Jurassic
   JTr	Jurassic-Triassic
   Tr	Triassic
   TrP	Triassic-Permian
   P	Permian
   C	Carboniferous
   D	Devonian
   DSO	Devonian-Silurian-Ordovician
   OCm	Ordovician-Cambrian
   Cm	Cambrian
   Mz	Mesozoic
   MzPz	Mesozoic-Paleozoic
   Pz	Paleozoic
   PzpC	Paleozoic-preCambrian
   pC	preCambrian undifferentiated
   Kv	Cretaceous volcanics
   TKv	Tertiary-Cretaceous volcanics
   TKi	Tertiary-Cretaceous intrusives
   Qv	Quaternary volcanics
   QTv	Quaternary-Tertiary volcanics
   Czi	Cenozoic intrusives
   MzCzi	Mesozoic-Cenozoic intrusives
   MzCzv	Mesozoic-Cenozoic volcanics
   Pzi	Paleozoic intrusives
   U	Land areas not included in this study
   H2O	Ocean sea or open water

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Richard M. Pollastro

2. Who also contributed to the data set?

   Digital Map Compilation - Richard M. Pollastro, Amy S. Karshbaum Geologic Attribution - Richard M. Pollastro, Amy S. Karshbaum

3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   Richard M. Pollastro
   Mail Stop 939
   Box 25046
   Denver Federal Center
   Denver, Colorado 80225-0046
   USA
   

   303-236-5750 (voice)
   303-236-8822 (FAX)
   pollastro@usgs.gov
   

   Hours_of_Service: 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. local time U.S. Rocky Mountain Time Zone

Why was the data set created?

Although a geologic map displays the geographic distribution of the different geologic units and rock types for numerous purposes, this data set was compiled primarily for the World Energy Project as part of a required strategic base for assessing the petroleum potential of this region. For this purpose, the map provides an outline of the general geographic distribution of both known or hypothetical petroleum-potential formations and units, that is, sedimentary rocks and basins, and areas containing igneous and metamorphic rocks which have virtually little or no potential. The map was also compiled, in part, to provide a basis for outlining the geographic and petroleum provinces of coverage PROV_2A. This basic geologic data set, combined with numerous others, such as tectonic and burial histories, distribution of known oil and gas fields, distribution and quality of reservoir rocks, organic geochemistry, etc., will ultimately define the basis for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas in the Arabian Peninsula.

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

   USGS 1963 (source 1 of 2)

   U.S. Geological Survey - Arabian American Oil Company, 1963, Geologic Map of the Arabian Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-270A, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado USA.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Scale_Denominator: 2000000

   Source_Contribution:

   One of the two paper map sheets are used as the sources for creation of the corresponding ARC/INFO geology coverage.

   UNESCO 1971 (source 2 of 2)

   Commission for the Geologic Map of the World/UNESCO-ASGU, 1971, Carte geologique de l'Europe et des regions riveraines de la Mediterranee: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series Eastern sheet, UNESCO, Hanover, Germany.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Scale_Denominator: 5000000

   Source_Contribution:

   One of the two paper map sheets are used as the sources for creation of the corresponding ARC/INFO geology coverage.

2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 1997 (process 1 of 2)

   Mylar is placed over original paper source map and geology polygons and inland water bodies are traced using a 00 rapidiograph pen. Latitude and longitude tics are carefully transferred from the source maps to the mylar tracing and recorded. The mylar tracing is then scanned using a large-scale Anatech scanner at a resolution of 300 dpi to create a TIFF image file. The scanned TIFF image is then transferred to ARC/INFO, converted to an Arc GRID, then to an Arc Vector coverage, and transformed to Lambert Conformal Conic projection. The geological attributes are then assigned to each polygon using the original source maps, in ARCEDIT. A modified or abbreviated geologic character designation, standardized by the USGS World Energy Project, and used for labeling.

   Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Richard M. Pollastro
   Geologist
   Mail Stop 939
   Box 25046
   Denver Federal Center
   Denver, Colorado 80225-0046
   USA
   

   303-236-5750 (voice)
   303-236-8822 (FAX)
   pollastro@usgs.gov
   

   Hours_of_Service: 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. local time U.S. Rocky Mountain Time Zone

   Data sources used in this process:

   • USGS 1963

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • GEOL 1997

   Date: Unknown (process 2 of 2)

   Mylar is placed over the original paper source map and geology polygons and inland water bodies are traced using a 00 rapidiograph pen. Latitude and longitude tics are carefully transferred from the source map to the mylar and recorded. The mylar tracing is then scanned on a large-scale Anatech scanner at a resolution of 300 dpi to a create a TIFF image file. The TIFF image is then transferred to ARC/INFO, converted to an Arc GRID, then to an Arc Vector coverage, and transformed to Lambert Conformal Conic projection. The geological attributes are assigned to each polygon using the geology of the original source maps, in ARCEDIT. A modified or abbreviated geologic character designation, standardized by the USGS World Energy Project, and used for labeling.

   Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Richard M. Pollastro
   Geologist
   Mail Stop 939
   Box 25046
   Denver Federal Center
   Denver, Colorado 80225-0046
   USA
   

   303-236-5750 (voice)
   303-236-8822 (FAX)
   pollastro@usgs.gov
   

   Hours_of_Service: 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. local time U.S. Rocky Mountain Time Zone

   Data sources used in this process:

   • UNESCO 1971

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • GEOL 1997

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

   United States Geological Survey, 1997, Geology of the Arabian Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-270A, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?

   Overall accuracy is based on the accuracy of the general geology coverage. Two original geologic maps were inked onto mylar and scanned at a resolution of 300 dpi. These scanned Tiff images were converted to Arc GRID files, the to Arc Vector coverages and transformed to Lambert Conformal Conic projection with RMS error no greater than 0.5 mm. The two coverages were then merged.

2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

   Average positional accuracy tests is performed using a visual comparison to the source map. A 1:2,000,000 scale plot is superimposed onto the original 1:2,000,000 scale geologic map. The original geologic map and final geologic plot are both in Lambert Conformal Conic projection. The Iraq portion of the Arabian Peninsula is derived from a separate source at the scale of 1:5,000,000, so a separate 1:5,000,000 scale plot of the Iraq portion is superimposed onto the original geologic map of Iraq. Both maps are in Lambert Conformal Conic projection.

3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

   The data set is a modified compilation of two source maps. The geology attribute data is assigned using standardized geologic symbols for the World Energy project. Although all polygons from the source maps are included in the data set, geology is simplified from its original version, and attributed only by overall geologic age; no technical division is made of geologic ages into upper, lower, early, late, etc., nor are geologic units differentiated within any particular geologic age or region as they appear on the source maps.

5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

   The Data set is a collection of ARC/INFO coverages that are topologically consistent. The fuzzy tolerance has been consistent through each processing step. A comparison between color hard copy and original paper map was carried out by visual comparison. Color plot in 1:2,000,000 scale was superimposed on original map in 1:2,000,000 scale and any detected errors were corrected in ARC/INFO.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints: None

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   USGS Earth Science Information Center (ESIC)
   Building 810
   Box 25286
   Denver Federal Center
   Denver, Colorado 80225-0286
   USA
   

   1-888-ASK-USGS (voice)
   303-202-4693 (FAX)
   infoservices@usgs.gov
   

   Hours_of_Service: 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. U.S. Rocky Mountain Time Zone

2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

   USGS Open-File Report 97-470B

3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   Although data are processed on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the Geological Survey regarding the utility of the data on any other system, not shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	ARCE(ARC/INFO Export), ARC (ARC/INFO coverage), ARCG (ARC/INFO ungenerate), and AVSHP (ArcView Shapefile). (version ARC/INFO 7.0.4 or ArcView 3.0)
     Media you can order:	CD-ROM (format ISO 9660 with Apple HFS extensions)

   • Cost to order the data: See <http://mapping.usgs.gov/esic/prices/index.html>

5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?

   To use the coverage data you must have ARC/INFO version 7.0.4 or greater installed. If you do not have ARC/INFO other similar data sets are available in Adobe Systems Inc. Portable Document Format(TM) (PDF). However, you must first download and install the Adobe(R) Reader which is available at no charge from Adobe Systems, to view and print these data sets. ArcView 3.0 can also be used.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 09-Sep-1999
Last Reviewed: 27-Aug-1999

Metadata author:

Richard M. Pollastro
U.S. Geological Survey Central Energy Resource Team
Mail Stop 939
Box 25046
Denver Federal Center
Denver, Colorado 80225-0046
USA

303-236-5750 (voice)
pollastro@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)