Ahmed, A.; Jafri, H.; Lutsar, I.; McCoig, C.C.; Trujillo, M.; Wubbel, L.; Shelton, S.; McCracken, G.H. Jr. (1999). Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin for the treatment of experimental penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43 (4): 876-81, ISSN: 0066-4804.
NAL Call Number: RM265.A5132
Abstract: With the emergence of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance among strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, vancomycin has assumed an important role in the treatment of bacterial meningitis. Using the rabbit meningitis model, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vancomycin in this setting. Animals were given 80 mg/kg of body weight daily in two or four divided doses to determine the penetration and activity of vancomycin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); each regimen was administered with and without dexamethasone. Mean peak (2 h) concentrations in CSF that were four- to eightfold higher than the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC; 0.5 microgram/ml) for the pathogen were adequate for bacterial clearance. In both groups concentrations in CSF remained higher than the MBC for greater than 80% of the respective dosing intervals, and the penetration of vancomycin into CSF was 20%. Mean concentrations in CSF at 24 to 36 h of therapy were lower than those achieved during the first 12 h, consistent with a decline in the level of antibiotic entry into CSF as inflammation wanes. Rates of bacterial clearance were similar for the two regimens, and for all animals cultures of CSF were sterile by 36 h. The coadministration of dexamethasone significantly reduced the penetration of vancomycin into CSF by 29% and significantly lowered the rate of bacterial clearance during the first 6 h in animals receiving 20-mg/kg doses of vancomycin. For animals receiving 40-mg/kg doses, therapeutic peak concentrations in CSF were obtained even with steroid use, suggesting that the effect of steroids may be circumvented by the use of larger daily doses of vancomycin.
Keywords: animal model, rabbit, anti-inflammatory agents, therapeutic use, antibiotics, glycopeptide, cerebrospinal fluid, pharmacokinetics, cephalosporin resistance, dexamethasone, combination meningitis, pneumococcal, microbiology, outcome assessment, Streptococcus pneumoniae, drug effects.
Akita, M.; Ishii, K.; Kuwahara, M.; Tsubone, H. (2002). The daily pattern
of cardiovascular parameters in Kurosawa and Kusanagi-Hypercholesterolemic (KHC) rabbits. Experimental Animals Tokyo 51
(4): 353-360, ISSN: 1341-1357.
NAL Call Number: RM265.A5132
Keywords: breed, Japanese White, Kurosawa, Kusanagi
Hypercholesterolemic, animal model, hypercholesterolemia, etiology,
radiotelemetry, monitoring method, physiological method, conscious,
unrestrained, blood pressure, daily pattern, body temperature,
cardiovascular parameters, circadian rhythm, heart rate, locomotor activity.
Akman, A.; Bilezikci, B.; Kucukerdonmez, C.; Demirhan, B.; Aydin, P.
(2003). Suramin modulates wound healing of rabbit conjunctiva after
trabeculectomy: comparison with mitomycin C. Current Eye Research
26 (1): 37-43, ISSN: 0271-3683.
Abstract: To investigate and compare the effects of suramin and mitomycin
C on conjunctival wound healing after trabeculectomy in a rabbit model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty New Zealand White rabbits were divided
into three groups, and trabeculectomy was performed on the left eyes under
general anesthesia. During the surgery, suramin (250 mg/ml) and
mitomycin C (0.4 mg/ml) were applied to the scleral flap site for 2 minutes
in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The control animals (group 3) received no
pharmacological treatment during trabeculectomy. Intraocular pressure
(IOP) measurements were recorded before surgery and every 3 days after
the operation, starting from postoperative day 1. Three animals from each
group were sacrificed on days 15, 20, and 25, yielding a total of 27 eyes for
histopathological study. Each specimen was histochemically and
immunohistochemically (CD3, CD20, CD68, and collagen III) evaluated, and
graded. RESULTS: Bleb failure time was significantly longer in both the
suramin (15.0 +/- 4.7 days) and mitomycin C (16.7 +/- 5.1 days) groups
than in the controls (10.3 +/- 4.2 days) (p < 0.05). Starting from
postoperative day 9, the IOP in the suramin and mitomycin C groups was
significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). This difference
continued to be significant until day 18 for the suramin group, and until day
24 in the mitomycin C group. Histopathological evaluation showed lower
degrees of cellularity, fibrosis, collagen III deposition, and CD3 density in
the suramin- and mitomycin C-treated eyes compared to control eyes at all
time points (p < 0.05). There was also no significant difference between the
suramin and mitomycin C groups concerning these histopathological
findings and CD3 density (p > 0.05). Although there were trends towards
reduced mean elastic fiber deposition and lower CD20 and CD68 density in
both groups of treated eyes, the differences between the treated and control
groups were not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the
current study suggest that suramin has beneficial effects on wound healing
in glaucoma surgery, and effectively prolongs bleb survival in rabbits.
Suramin may be a promising alternative to anti-metabolite therapy in
glaucoma surgery.
Keywords: New Zealand White, animal model, rabbits, antimetabolites,
pharmacology, comparative study, conjunctiva, pathology, conjunctiva,
physiopathology, growth substances, metabolism, intraocular pressure, drug
effects, intraoperative care, mitomycin, administration and dosage,
suramin, trabeculectomy, wound healing.
Akyol, N.; Demir, T.; Kukner, A.; Colakoglu, N. (2001). Effects of systemic
octreotide, local mytomycine-C and local corticosteroids on wound-healing reaction after glaucoma surgery. International Ophthalmology
24 (5): 235-41, ISSN: 0165-5701.
Abstract: To determine and compare the effectiveness of octreotide,
mitomycine-Cand corticosteroids on wound-healing reaction after glaucoma
surgery. METHODS: A full thickness scleral trephination was carried out by
the same surgeon on tour groups of six rabbits. A sponge soaked in
mytomicine-C was applied subconjunctivally in group1 before trephination.
Group 2 received corticosteroid drops tid topically for 14 days. Group 3
received subcutaneous octreotide injections tid for 14 days. The control
group (group 4) was not givenany drug that may interfere with wound
healing. All groups received gentamycine drops tid for seven days. The
rabbits were Sacrificed on the fourteenth day and the trephination area with
overlying conjunctiva was excised. The samples were prefixed with
glutaraldehyde, dehydrated and embedded in Araldite Cy 212. Ten semithin
sections stained with toluidin blue were analysed for each group. Fibroblast
and macrophage counts were performed on the surgical site and
subconjunctival area. RESULTS: Intensive fibroblastic activity, increased
number of vessels and active macrophages were observed only in group 4.
The fibroblast and macrophage densities in this group were significantly
higher than the other three groups in which wound healing was modulated
(p > 0.001). Mean number of fibroblasts in group 1 was also significantly
less than the ones of groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.01). Macrophage densities were
similar in groups 1, 2 and 3. No statistical significance was found between
groups 2 and 3 by means of fibroblast and macrophage densities.
CONCLUSION: Octreotide reduced wound-healing reaction in a similar
fashion to corticosteroids or mitomycine-C. These initial results seem
promising.
Keywords: animal model, rabbits, male, adrenal cortex hormones,
administration and dosage, ciliary body, pathology, comparative study,
conjunctiva,pathology, fibroblasts,pathology, filtering surgery,
glaucoma,surgery, hormones, administration and dosage, subcutaneous
injections, intraoperative care, macrophages, pathology, mitomycin, nucleic
acid synthesis, octreotide, postoperative care, wound healing, drug effects.
Amthor, F.R.; Tootle, J.S.; Yildirim, A. (2003). A new transparent multi-unit recording array system fabricated by in-house laboratory
technology. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 126 (2): 209-19, ISSN: 0165-0270.
Abstract: A new recording array system has been developed to record multi-unit activity in rabbit retina. The array consists of individually laid down
layers of carbon fiber or tungsten microelectrodes whose center-center
spacing can be made less than 100 microm. The array and associated
electronics can be constructed by technology typically found in most
electrophysiology laboratories. The array is mostly transparent, so that
visual stimuli and microscopic examination can take place through it. The
array can be manipulated much like a single electrode, and thus can be
used to record from multiple tissue sites. Arrays as large as 32 elements
have been used, with success rates of about 50% per electrode, with some
electrodes picking up more than one cell. Stable recordings have been held
for up to 6 h from groups of ganglion cells in an isolated eyecup
preparation. These multi-electrode arrays have been used repeatedly in
experiments for several months without any obvious degradation in
recording quality. Although the arrays are hand-made, their layered method
of assembly allows as many as 32 elements to be assembled.
Keywords: carbon, electric impedance, electrophysiology, instrumentation,
microelectrodes, retinal ganglion cells, physiology.
Arens, S.; Kraft, C.; Schlegel, U.; Printzen, G.; Perren, S.M.; Hansis, M.
(1998). [Does surgical approach have an effect on the development
of local infection? Animal experiment comparison of conventional
open vs. minimally invasive bone plate osteosynthesis (MIPO).]
Langenbecks Archiv fur Chirurgie. Supplement. Kongressband. Deutsche
Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie. Kongress.115 (Suppl. I): 193-6, ISSN: 0942-2854.
Abstract: With a standardised model we investigated the influence of two
different surgical approaches to the rabbit tibia for plate osteosynthesis on
resistance to local infection after postoperative inoculation of graduated
concentrations of staphylococcus aureus at the implant. The infection rate
for the minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis with insertion of the implant
in closed, soft tissue tunneling technique was 25% (3/12 animals; ID50 =
6.2 x 10(6) CFU) and for the conventional open approach 38% (5/13
animals; ID50 = 2 x 10(6) CFU). This difference is statistically not
significant (with P > 0.05).
Keywords: animal model, rabbits, bone plates, comparative study, fracture
fixation, surgical wound infection, microbiology staphylococcal infections,
microbial colony count, Staphylococcus aureus, growth and development,
surgical procedures, tibia surgery, minimally invasive methods, German
language.
Asbell, P.A. (2000). Valacyclovir for the prevention of recurrent herpes
simplex virus eye disease after excimer laser photokeratectomy. Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society 98: 285-303, ISSN:
0065-9533.
Abstract: A variety of factors have been reported as inducing the
reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus (HSV), among them stress,
trauma, and UV radiation. Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
is a surgical procedure utilizing a 193 nm ultraviolet light to alter the
curvature of the cornea and hence correct vision. Reactivation of ocular
herpes simplex keratitis following such excimer laser PRK has been
reported. All published cases of HSV reactivation following excimer laser
treatment in humans are reviewed. The present study evaluates whether
stress, trauma of the corneal de-epithelialization prior to the laser, or the
excimer laser treatment itself to the stromal bed induces this ocular
reactivation of the latent HSV, and whether a systemic antiviral agent,
valacyclovir, would prevent such laser PRK-induced reactivation of the HSV.
METHODS: Forty-three normal 1.5- to 2.5-kg New Zealand white rabbits
were infected on the surface of the cornea with HSV-1, strain RE. The
animals were monitored until resolution, and then all animals were divided
into 5 treatment groups: (1) de-epithelialization only, intraperitoneal (i.p.)
saline for 14 days; (2) de-epithelialization plus laser, i.p. saline for 14 days;
(3) de-epithelialization plus laser, valacyclovir 50 mg/kg per day i.p. for 14
days; (4) de-epithelialization plus laser, valacyclovir 100 mg/kg per day i.p.
for 14 days; (5) de-epithelialization plus laser, valacyclovir 150 mg/kg per
day i.p. for 14 days. Animals were evaluated in a masked fashion by clinical
examination biweekly and viral cultures biweekly through day 28. RESULTS:
The reactivation rates were as follows: group 1, 0%; group 2, 67%; group
3, 50%; group 4, 17%; and group 5, 0%. Viral titers were negative in
animals that had no reactivation but persistently positive in those that had
reactivation (day 6 through day 28). CONCLUSIONS: Excimer laser (193
nm) treatment can trigger reactivation of ocular herpes disease (67%) and
viral shedding in the latently infected rabbit. De-epithelialization alone is
not sufficient to cause reactivation or viral shedding. Prophylaxis with
intraperitoneal valacyclovir decreases the recurrence rate in a dose-response fashion. At 150 mg/kg per day, there are no recurrences. The
presence of persistent viral shedding in reactivated animals may correlate
with cases of late HSV recurrence reported in humans undergoing excimer
treatment. The data suggest that humans undergoing excimer laser
procedures for correction of refractive errors or treatment of corneal scars
with a history of herpetic keratitis are at increased risk for reactivation.
Such patients, however, may appropriately be considered for prophylactic
systemic antiviral medication at the time of the laser procedure in order to
decrease the possibility of recurrence.
Keywords: acyclovir, analogs and derivatives, therapeutic use, antiviral
agents, keratectomy, photorefractive, excimer laser, herpetic keratitis,
prevention and control, surgery, virology, postoperative care, recurrence,
prevention and control, simplexvirus, isolation and purification.
Askar, I.; Sabuncuoglu, B.T.; Yormuk, E.; Saray, A. (2001). Nuclear
magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging in animal research.
Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 17 (5): 347-55; discussion 355-6,
ISSN: 0743-684X.
Abstract: In nerve injuries, if it is not possible to reinnervate muscle by
using neurorrhaphy and nerve grafting technique, reinnervation should be
provided by the use of neuroization-directly implanting motor nerve into
muscle. A comparative study of three techniques of neurotization is
presented in rabbits. In this experimental study, a total of 40 white New
Zealand rabbits were used and divided into four groups, each including 10
rabbits. In the first group (control--Group 1), only surgical exposure of the
gastrocnemius muscle, main muscle nerve (tibial nerve), and peroneal
nerve was done, without any injury to the nerves. In the second group
(direct neurotization group--Group 2), the tibial nerve was transected, and
the peroneal nerve, which had already been divided into fascicles, was
implanted into the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle aneural zone.
In the third group (dual neurotization group--Group 3), the tibial nerve
which had been transected and re-anastomosed, and the peroneal nerve
were implanted into the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle. In the
last experimental group (hyperneurotization group--Group 4), fascicles of
the peroneal nerve were implanted into the lateral head of the
gastrocnemius, preserving the tibial nerve. Six months later, changes in the
histologic pattern and the functional recovery of the gastrocnemius muscle
were investigated. It was found that functional recovery was achieved in all
neurotization groups. Groups with the tibial nerve transected had less
muscular weights than those of groups with the tibial nerve intact. EMG
recordings showed that polyphasic and late potentials were frequently seen
in groups with the tibial nerve transected. Degeneration and regeneration of
myofibrils was observed in such groups as well. New motor end-plates,
including vesicles, were formed in a scattered manner in all neurotization
groups. As a result, the authors conclude that direct and dual neurotization
techniques are useful in peripheral nerve injuries, if it is not possible to
reinnervate muscle by using neurorraphy and nerve grafting, and that there
is no suggested superiority among these techniques.
Keywords: comparative study, animal model, rabbits, microsurgery, muscle
contraction physiology, muscle fiber pathology, skeletal injuries, skeletal
muscle innervation, surgery, nerve transfer, peroneal nerve transplantation,
reconstructive surgical procedures, recovery, tibial nerve transplantation.
Avila, M.; Ortiz, G.; Lozano, J.M.; Franco, P.; Patarroyo, M.E. (2001). GGRGDSPCA peptide: a new antiscarring agent on glaucoma
filtration surgery. Ophthalmic Surgery and Lasers 32 (2): 134-9, ISSN:
1082-3069.
Abstract: GGRGDSPCA synthetic peptide competes for integrin receptor in
scar formation after glaucoma filtering surgery in a rabbit model. The
purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of this peptide and compare it
with mitomycin on glaucoma filtering surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Posterior sclerectomy was performed in both eyes of 17 rabbits. The right
eye received GGRGDSPCA (p605) at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 days after. Nine left
eyes received saline as a control; the remaining 8 eyes received mitomycin
C at 0.5 mg/mL intraoperative. Intraocular pressures and biomicroscopy
were evaluated as well as bleb function. RESULTS: Intraocular pressure
decreased significantly in both the peptide and mitomycin treated eyes in
comparison with the saline group (P = 0.0003). Pressure was similar in both
groups. The blebs showed filtrating function in a functional analysis at day
21 and 41 in the mitomycin cases as well as in the peptide group. Histologic
analysis performed in both peptide and mitomycin groups showed inhibitory
effect in fibrocellular and collagen organization with bleb formation.
CONCLUSIONS: The p605 peptide showed to be similar to mitomycin C in
controlling and improving glaucoma filtering surgery in rabbits. This
alternative may potentially be useful for similar purposes in humans for the
control of glaucoma and improvement of filtering surgery.
Keywords: animal models, rabbits, female, glaucoma surgery, cicatrix, drug
therapy, comparative study, filtering surgery, pathology, physiopathology,
intraocular pressure mitomycin, adverse effects, therapeutic use,
oligopeptides, chemical synthesis, postoperative care, GGRGDSPCA peptide.
Blasier, R.D.; White, R.J. (1998). Duration of immobilization after
percutaneous sliding heel-cord lengthening.Journal of Pediatric
Orthopedics 18 (3): 299-303, ISSN: 0271-6798.
Abstract: Heel-cord lengthening is commonly performed for contractures in
neuromuscular disease. Immobilization after this procedure has ranged from
3 to 8 weeks. A three-part study was performed to determine adequate
length of immobilization. Sixteen rabbits had surgical transection of the
right gastrocsoleus tendon in phase 1. Healing was allowed for 1, 3, 5, or 7
weeks. Tendons were then studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
mechanical testing, or histologic section. A marker for healing was
determined by MRI. Seven children underwent percutaneous sliding heel-cord lengthening (PSHCL) in phase 2. Healing was studied by MRI. Based on
the marker from phase 1, adequate healing occurred at 3 weeks. Thirty-one
children underwent PSHCL for neuromuscular contracture in phase 3. Cast
immobilization was maintained for 3 weeks (group 1) and for >3 weeks
(group 2). There was no evidence of rupture or progressive lengthening
after cast removal in either group.
Keywords: human, child, animal model, rabbits, achilles tendon, pathology,
surgery, casts, cerebral palsy, complications, child equinus deformity,
etiology, equinus deformity, magnetic resonance imaging, postoperative
care, wound healing.
Boppart, S.A.; Bouma, B.E.; Pitris, C.; Tearney, G.J.; Southern, J.F.;
Brezinski, M.E.; Fujimoto, J.G. (July 1998). Intraoperative assessment of
microsurgery with three-dimensional optical coherence tomography.
Radiology 208 (1): 81-6, ISSN: 0033-8419.
Abstract: To evaluate three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT) for use in the assessment
of the microsurgical anastomoses of vessels and nerves. MATERIALS AND
METHODS: OCT is an optical analogue of ultrasonography and is capable of
imaging nontransparent biologic tissue by detecting backscattered infrared
light. Cross-sectional in vitro images of rabbit and human vessels and
nerves were obtained in as little as 125 msec at 10-micron resolution by
using a solid-state laser as a light source. A surgical microscope was
integrated with OCT to perform simultaneous imaging with en face
visualization. Cross-sectional images were assembled to produce three-dimensional reconstructions of microsurgical specimens. RESULTS: Three-dimensional OCT reconstructions depicted the structure within an arterial
anastomosis and helped identify sites of luminal obstruction. The
longitudinal spatial orientation of individual nerve fascicles was tracked in
three dimensions to identify changes in position. In vitro human arteries
and nerves embedded in highly scattering tissue and not visible at
microscopy were located and imaged with OCT at eight frames per second.
CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional, micrometer-scale, diagnostic imaging
capabilities of OCT permit rapid feedback for assessment of microsurgical
procedures. OCT technology can be readily integrated with surgical
microscopes and has potential for intraoperative monitoring to improve
patient outcome.
Keywords: human, rabbits, anastomosis, surgical, anatomy, cross-sectional,
arteries, human image processing, computer-assisted infrared rays,
intraoperative care, lasers, microsurgery, intraoperative monitoring,
neurosurgical procedures, optics, instrumentation, peripheral nerves,
radiology.
Botham, P.A.; Hadfield, N.A.M. (1999). Review of the long-term in-house
use of an in vitro test battery for predicting severe ocular irritants.
Human and Experimental Toxicology 18 (8): 538.
Keywords: K562 cell line, rabbit, animal model, eye, sensory system, ocular
irritants, in vitro test battery, assessment method, meeting.
Brooks, S.E.; Ribeiro, G.B.; Archer, S.M.; Elner, V.M.; Del Monte, M.A. (Jan-Feb 1996). Fat adherence syndrome treated with intraoperative
mitomycin-C: a rabbit model. Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and
Strabismus 33 (1): 21-7, ISSN: 0191-3913.
Abstract: We used an animal model of restrictive strabismus analogous to
the fat adherence syndrome in humans to test the efficacy of topical
intraoperative mitomycin-C (MMC) in preventing the development of
restrictive scar tissue. A cicatricial adhesion was created between the
inferior rectus muscle and the inferior orbital rim of each eye in eight
rabbits, and passive forced ductions were quantitatively measured with a
spring scale. Eight eyes were treated intraoperatively with topical MMC 0.5
mg/mL, the other eight with sterile water. Passive forced ductions were
again measured 4 weeks postoperatively and representative orbits were
exenterated for histopathologic examination. Significant restriction of
motility was produced in six of the eight control eyes. Though prophylactic
treatment with MMC may have been beneficial in some cases, on average,
the restriction developing in these eyes did not significantly differ from that
in the control eyes. In addition, longer exposure times to MMC led to
marked orbital inflammation and severe restriction of ocular motility.
Finally, histopathologic evaluation of the orbits of the MMC-treated eyes
revealed marked fibrosis of perimuscular connective tissues. Although MMC
may have a role in the management of fat adherence syndrome, further
study is needed to establish safe and efficacious methods of delivery.
Keywords: adhesions, complications, pathology, adipose tissue, cicatrix,
disease models, intraoperative care, mitomycin, therapeutic use,
oculomotor muscles, physiopathology orbital diseases, complications,
postoperative period, strabismus, drug therapy, etiology, surgery.
Butler, P.E.; Sims, C.D.; Randolph, M.A.; Van de Water, A.P.; Lee, W.P.
(1998). Prolonged survival in fetal rabbit surgery. Journal of
Investigative Surgery: the Official Journal of the Academy of Surgical
Research 11 (1): 57-61, ISSN: 0894-1939.
Abstract: Timing and outcome of antenatal surgical intervention is being
explored using fetal animal models. Models that are currently used range
from larger animals with fewer offspring and higher cost to smaller animals
with larger litters and lower cost. The rabbit is an ideal “small” animal
model for experimentation in the third trimester, with a large litter, short
gestation and a relatively large fetus. This paper reports methods by which
prolonged survival (greater than 110 days) may be achieved in as many as
60% of operated fetuses following complex fetal surgery in the rabbit.
Keywords: animal model, rabbits, abnormalities, surgery, intraoperative
care, postoperative care, pregnancy, preoperative care, survival rate, time
factors.
Caliendo, F.J.; Halpern, V.J.; Marini, C.P.; Nathan, I.M.; Patel, D.; Faust,
G.; Cohen, J.R. (1999). Warfarin anticoagulation in the perioperative
period: is it safe? Annals of Vascular Surgery 13 (1): 11-6, ISSN: 0890-5096.
Abstract: This study was undertaken to determine if warfarin
anticoagulation could be safely continued during surgery and in the
perioperative period. An animal model was followed by a prospective human
study of all patients on heparin or warfarin at the time of surgery. Twenty-four rabbits underwent laparotomy, during which a controlled liver injury
was created and repaired. Group 1 (Warf) was anticoagulated with warfarin
to raise the mean international normalization ratio (INR) to 2.5-3.0. Group
2 (Hep) was anticoagulated with heparin to raise the activated partial
thromboplastin time to 1.5-2.0 times control. The heparin was then stopped
6 hr prior to surgery and resumed 6 hr postoperatively without a bolus.
Group 3 (control) was not anticoagulated and received saline infusion. For
the human study, data were collected on 40 patients undergoing 50
operations from October 1996 to January 1998. The results of this study
reveal that (1) bleeding was less in the group anticoagulated with warfarin
throughout surgery in the animal model, (2) bleeding complications were
less in the patients continued on warfarin through surgery than those on
heparin (3) older patients may have an increased risk of bleeding, and (4)
an INR of >3 at the time of surgery may increase the risk of bleeding.
Keywords: human, rabbits, animal model, anticoagulants, warfarin, adverse
effects, therapeutic use, blood loss, surgical, prevention and control,
statistics and numerical data, comparative study, heparin, adverse effects,
perioperative care, risk factors, time factors, adverse effects.
Chen, C.H.; Chen, W.J.; Shih, C.H. (May-June 2002). Enveloping of
periosteum on the hamstring tendon graft in anterior cruciate
ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy: the Journal of Arthroscopic and
Related Surgery 18 (5): 27E, ISSN: 0749-8063.
Abstract: Tendon-bone incorporation of a tendon graft within the bone
tunnel is a major concern when using tendon graft for ligament
reconstruction. Periosteum consists of multipotent mesodermal cells to form
all varieties of connective tissue, including osteogenic and chondrogenic
tissues. From our histologic and biomechanical studies in animals, a
superior healing process and stronger healing strength can be achieved
when periosteum is sutured onto the tendon inserted within a bone tunnel.
We applied this idea to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction to enhance
tendon-bone healing. A quadruple-stranded hamstring tendon graft is used.
A piece of periosteum, 3 x 3 cm, harvested from the anterior cortex of
proximal tibia, is split into 2 rectangle flaps (1.5 x 3 cm each). The
periosteum flaps are wrapped and sutured around the tendon graft at the
portions near the femoral and tibial tunnel openings. The cambium layer is
faced outside to the bone tunnel. Periosteum is easy to harvest from
proximal tibia, where is a routine incision for harvesting hamstring tendons.
Besides the potential for enhancement of tendon-bone healing, periosteum
may be able to seal off the intra-articular opening in a very early period to
avoid synovial fluid reflux into the tunnel.
Keywords: animal model, rabbit, anterior cruciate ligament,
physiopathology, surgery, biomechanics, bone, nails, femur, surgery, knee
joint, surgery, osteogenesis, periosteum transplantation, postoperative care,
suture techniques, tendon transfer methods, rehabilitation, tibia surgery,
wound healing.
Choi, M.Y.; Auh, S.J.; Choi, D.G.; Chang, B.L. (2001). Effect of ADCON-L
on adjustable strabismus surgery in rabbits. The British Journal of
Ophthalmology 85 (1): 80-4, ISSN: 0007-1161.
Abstract: In search of a way
to prevent postoperative adhesion after strabismus surgery, an animal
study was performed to assess the effect of a gel consisting of a polyglycan
ester in a gelatin matrix (ADCON-L). METHODS: Bilateral recessions of
superior rectus muscle (SR) were performed on 16 rabbits. ADCON-L was
applied beneath and over the SR in the right eyes of all rabbits, while the
operative fields in the left eyes were irrigated with a balanced salt solution
(BSS). The adjustment was performed on each SR at 4 and 7 days
postoperatively on the same eye. The length and force of the adjustment
and the degree of adhesion were recorded. At 3 weeks postoperatively,
disinsertional force was measured in several of the eyes, and the other eyes
were enucleated. RESULTS: The length of the adjustment was longer and
the force of the adjustment was less in the ADCON-L group than in the BSS
treated group at 4 and 7 days postoperatively (p=0.00). A significant
reduction (p=0.00) in the degree of adhesion was noted in eyes treated
with ADCON-L. There was no significant difference in disinsertional force
between the two groups. Histopathological evaluation of the muscle
revealed decreased fibrosis of perimuscular connective tissue in eyes
treated with ADCON-L at 3 weeks postoperatively. CONCLUSION: This study
suggests that ADCON-L helps to prevent postoperative adhesion in rabbits
and enables adjustment twice within 7 days postoperatively without
complications.
Keywords: animal models, rabbit, strabismus surgery, adhesions,
prevention and control, gels, therapeutic use, muscular diseases,
oculomotor muscles, surgery, postoperative care, postoperative
complications, prevention and control, suture techniques.
Cox, L. (2003). Present angiogenesis research and its possible future
implementation in wound care. Journal of Wound Care 12 (6): 225-8,
ISSN: 0969-0700.
Abstract: The process of new blood vessel formation is essential for wound
healing. Nurses should be aware of the latest scientific findings on
angiogenesis which will enhance their understanding of how it may affect
clinical practice.
Keywords: review, human, animal models, rabbits, rats, swine, anoxia,
physiopathology, cell physiology, extracellular matrix, physiology, growth
substances, metabolism, neovascularization, research trends, wound
healing.
Cruz, O.A.; Matkovich, L. (1995). Effects of intraoperative topical
mitomycin-C on strabismus surgery in the rabbit: a preliminary
study. Ophthalmic Surgery 26 (3): 237-40, ISSN: 0022-023X.
Abstract: The effect of intraoperative topical exposure of mitomycin-C
(MMC) on muscle reattachment and scarring in strabismus surgery was
prospectively investigated in the rabbit by performing bilateral recession
surgery in which one eye was treated with topical MMC (0.2 mg/mL) and
the other eye served as the control. One week postoperatively, in random,
masked fashion, the severity of postoperative adhesions was rated lower in
the MMC-treated eyes. Also, histology demonstrated decreased fibrosis in
the muscle reattachment sites in the MMC-treated eyes. The muscle tension
in the reattached muscles was greater than 100 g in all of the eyes. This
preliminary study indicates that topical MMC exposure may inhibit scarring
in strabismus surgery without inhibiting muscle reattachment or causing
other obvious adverse effects.
Keywords: animal model, rabbit, adhesions, prevention and control, fibrosis,
intraoperative care, mitomycin, administration and dosage, pharmacology,
oculomotor muscles, drug effects, surgery, ophthalmic solutions,
postoperative complications, prevention and control, strabismus surgery.
Demir, T.; Turgut, B.; Akyol, N.; Ozercan, I.; Ulas, F.; Celiker, U. (2002). Effects of amniotic membrane transplantation and mitomycin C on
wound healing in experimental glaucoma surgery. Ophthalmologica
216 (6): 438-42.
Keywords: administration, topical amnion, pathology, amnion,
transplantation, antibiotics, antineoplastic, pharmacology, therapeutic use
comparative study fibroblasts, pathology glaucoma, drug therapy glaucoma,
surgery, intraocular pressure, drug effects intraoperative care macrophages,
pathology mitomycin, pharmacology, mitomycin, therapeutic use
ophthalmologic surgical procedures, trabeculectomy transplantation,
autologous wound healing, drug effects, wound healing, physiology,
antineoplastic mitomycin.
Dinslage, S.; McLaren, J.; Brubaker, R. (Nov. 1998). Intraocular pressure
in rabbits by telemetry II: effects of animal handling and drugs.
Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 39 (12): 2485-9, ISSN:
0146-0404.
Abstract: To measure under carefully controlled conditions the effects in the
rabbit eye of commonly used therapeutic agents for glaucoma. METHODS:
Rabbits were outfitted in one eye with an implantable telemetric pressure
transducer and monitored for several months under controlled conditions of
light/ dark and handling. Effects of tonometry, handling, water drinking,
and instillation of topical ophthalmic medications on intraocular pressure
were recorded during each 24-hour day/night cycle. RESULTS:
Pneumatonometry, animal handling, and water drinking all had an effect on
intraocular pressure that in many instances was of the same magnitude as
the effects of pharmacologic agents. Dorzolamide and timolol caused a
sustained reduction of intraocular pressure during the nocturnal period.
Epinephrine had a biphasic effect, causing an immediate pressure elevation
followed by a prolonged depression. Apraclonidine, latanoprost, and
pilocarpine had no measurable effect. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous telemetric
measurement of intraocular pressure in rabbits permits the measurement of
uncontrollable artifacts that occur with tonometric measurements and
animal handling. If environmental conditions are rigidly controlled, this
method is very sensitive for detecting therapeutic effects of candidates for
ocular hypotensive drugs. When healthy animals are used, the method
appears to be more sensitive for drugs that affect aqueous humor formation
than for drugs that affect aqueous humor outflow resistance.
Keywords: husbandry, circadian rhythm, clonidine, pilocarpine,
prostaglandins F, sulfonamides, thiophenes, epinephrine, analogs and
derivatives, pharmacology, intraocular pressure, drug effects, ophthalmic
solutions, telemetry methods, tonometry, ocular methods.
Eze, C.A.; Chah, F.K.; Ubah, S.A. (2002). Clinical observations on
antibacterial effect of honey as a surgical wound dressing agent.
Journal of Natural Remedies 2 (2): 150-154, ISSN: 0972-5547.
Keywords: animal model, rabbit, Staphylococcus aureus, wound
contaminant, antibacterial agents, antibacterial properties, bacterial
diseases, disease models, drug therapy, honey, human diseases, penicillins,
postoperative care, streptomycin, wound dressings.
Farhat, F.; Loisance, D.; Garnier, J.P.; Kirsch, M. (2001). Norepinephrine
release after acute brain death abolishes the cardioprotective effects
of ischemic preconditioning in rabbit. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 19 (3): 313-20, ISSN: 1010-7940.
Abstract: Brain death (BD) abolishes the infarct-limiting effect of ischemic
preconditioning (IP) in rabbits. We wished to define the role of the
norepinephrine storm in this observation. METHODS: Rabbits were
randomized into six groups of ten animals each. In control group (CTRL),
anaesthetized rabbits were subjected to 30 min left coronary marginal
branch occlusion and 90 min reperfusion. In CTRL+IP group, anaesthetized
rabbits were preconditioned with a 5-min ischemia and 5-min reperfusion
sequence before coronary occlusion. In CTRL+NE+IP group, anaesthetized
rabbits received a 10 microg/kg norepinephrine injection 90 min before IP.
In BD group, rabbits were subjected to 90 min of BD before coronary
occlusion. In BD+IP group, brain-dead rabbits were preconditioned before
coronary occlusion. In BD+LA+IP group, rabbits received an intra-arterial
bolus injection of an alpha and beta adrenoreceptor blocking agent
(labetolol, 1 mg/kg) prior to brain death induction and subsequent
preconditioning. BD was induced by rapid inflation of an intracranial balloon.
At termination of the experiment, left ventricular volume (LVV), myocardial
volume at risk (VAR) and infarct volume (IV) were determined with
methylene blue and tetrazolium staining, and measured using planimetry.
RESULTS: LVV was not significantly different among groups. Myocardial
VAR/LVV was not significantly different between groups (CTRL, 22.5+/-6.9%; CTRL+IP, 23.3+/-2.2%; CTRL+NE+IP, 25.9+/-12.7%; BD, 19.9+/-4.8%; BD+IP, 21.7+/-3.1%; BD+LA+IP, 23.4+/-5.8%; P=NS). IV/VAR was
significantly reduced in the CTRL+IP group as compared with CTRL and
CTR+NE+IP groups (12.2+/-1.2 vs. 49.7+/-1.7 and 49.3+/-4.7%;
P<0.0001). There was no significant difference in IV/VAR between BD and
BD+IP groups. In contrast, IV/VAR was reduced in BD+LA+IP compared to
BD and BD+IP groups (13.9+/-5.4 vs. 50.0+/-1.4 and 49.6+/-1.5%;
P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The loss of infarct-limiting effect of IP in brain-dead rabbits is related to the massive release of norepinephrine that occurs
as a consequence of BD.
Keywords: animal models, rabbit, brain death, metabolism, comparative
study, coronary disease, physiopathology, surgery, hemodynamic processes,
physiology, ischemic preconditioning, myocardial methods, labetalol,
pharmacology, myocardial infarction, prevention and control, myocardial
reperfusion methods, norepinephrine pharmacology, norepinephrine
secretion, preoperative care.
Fields, M.J.; Hoshijima, K.; Richardson, W.J.; Myers, B.S. (2000). Clinical
outcome scales for use in a rabbit model of cervical myelopathy. Journal of Spinal Disorders 13 (2): 124-30, ISSN: 0895-0385.
Abstract: This study determined the ability of an upper extremity Tarlov
scale, a lower extremity Tarlov scale, and the Durham scale to predict the
development of myelopathy and the likelihood of survival in a rabbit model
of surgical treatments for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Forty-eight
rabbits were evaluated using the scales after cervical spinal surgery.
Logistic regression analysis revealed that all three scales could predict the
occurrence of myelopathy. However, only the Durham and lower extremity
Tarlov scales also predicted the likelihood of survival. The Durham scale is
offered as a useful predictor of myelopathy and survival in an animal model
of surgical treatments for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. The lower
extremity Tarlov scale is also a useful predictor of outcome; however, the
upper extremity Tarlov scale is not recommended.
Keywords: animal models, rabbits, cervical spondylotic myelopathy, cervical
vertebrae physiopathology, surgery, comparative study, prognosis, recovery
of function, spinal cord compression, spinal osteophytosis.
Freud, E.; Eshet, R. (2001). Insights from animal models for growing
intestinal neomucosa with serosal patching: A still untapped
technique for the treatment of short bowel syndrome. Laboratory
Animals 35 (2): 180-187, ISSN: 0023-6772.
NAL Call Number: QL55.A1L3
Keywords: animal model, rabbit, rat, laboratory animal science, laboratory
animal welfare, intestinal neomucosa, digestive system, regeneration,
epidermal growth factor, octreotide, pharmacodynamics, prostaglandin E-2,
urogastrone, short bowel syndrome, digestive system disease, serosal patch
technique, therapeutic method.
Gad, S.C. (2002). Evaluating products for their potential to cause
dermal and ocular irritation and corrosion. Journal of Toxicology
Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology 21 (3): 213-244, ISSN: 0731-3829.
NAL Call Number: RL803.J67
Keywords: animal models, rabbit, dog, mouse, monkey, dermal irritants;
dermal toxicants, ocular irritants, corrosion, dermal irritation, ocular
irritation, ocular testing, product safety, toxicity testing methods, literature
review.
Grover, P.; Kaiser, J. (2001). Alternative methods for dermal and
ocular animal safety testing of chemicals. Proceedings of the Indian
National Science Academy. Part B, Reviews and Tracts: Biological Sciences
67 (1/2): 1-20, ISSN: 0073-6000.
Keywords: laws, regulations, laboratory animal science, laboratory animals,
rabbits, animal testing alternatives, animal welfare, eyes, methodology,
reviews, toxicity, India.
Guzzardella, G.A.; Torricelli, P.; Nicoli-Aldini, N.; Giardino, R. (2003). Osseointegration of endosseous ceramic implants after
postoperative low-power laser stimulation: an in vivo comparative
study. Clinical Oral Implants Research 14 (2): 226-32, ISSN: 0905-7161.
Abstract: Stimulation with low-power laser (LPL) can enhance bone
repair as reported in experimental studies on bone defects and fracture
healing. Little data exist concerning the use of LPL postoperative stimulation
to improve osseointegration of endosseous implants in orthopaedic and
dental surgery. An in vivo model was used for the present study to evaluate
whether Ga-Al-As (780 nm) LPL stimulation can improve biomaterial
osseointegration. After drilling holes, cylindrical implants of hydroxyapatite
(HA) were placed into both distal femurs of 12 rabbits. From postoperative
day 1 and for 5 consecutive days, the left femurs of all rabbits were
submitted to LPL treatment (LPL group) with the following parameters: 300
J/cm2, 1 W, 300 Hz, pulsating emission, 10 min. The right femurs were
sham-treated (control group). Three and 6 weeks after implantation,
histomorphometric and microhardness measurements were taken. A higher
affinity index was observed at the HA-bone interface in the LPL group at 3
(P<0.0005) and 6 weeks (P<0.001); a significant difference in bone
microhardness was seen in the LPL group vs. the control group (P<0.01).
These results suggest that LPL postoperative treatment enhances the bone-implant interface.
Keywords: animal model, rabbit, aluminum, analysis of variance, arsenic,
bone density, radiation effects, ceramics, chemistry, comparative study,
dental implants, dental prosthesis design, durapatite, femur pathology,
radiation effects, femur surgery, gallium, laser therapy, osseointegration,
postoperative care.
Harumal, P.; Morgan, M.; Walton, S.F.; Holt, D.C.; Rode, J.; Arlian, L.G.;
Currie, B.J.; Kemp, D.J. (2003). Identification of a homologue of a
house dust mite allergen in a cDNA library from Sarcoptes scabiei
var. hominis and evaluation of its vaccine potential in a rabbit/ S.
scabiei var. canis model. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and
Hygiene 68 (1): 54-60, ISSN: 0002-9637.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 Am326
Abstract: Identification of a homologue of a house dust mite allergen in a
cDNA library from Sarcoptes scabieii var. hominis and evaluation of its
vaccine potential in a rabbit/S. scabiei var. canis model. Menzies School of
Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Sarcoptes scabiei (“itch mite”) causes scabies, a disease of considerable human and
veterinary significance. Little work has been done at the molecular level
because of the difficulty of obtaining mites. We have used mites in skin
from the bedding of crusted scabies patients for the construction of a library
of 10(5) cDNAs from S. scabiei var. hominis cloned in the vector pGEX4T-2.
We describe the isolation by immunoscreening of 2 clones, one of which
(Ssagl) is homologous to and cross-reactive with the house dust mite
Euroglyphus maynei allergen M-177, an apolipoprotein from hemolymph.
Immunohistochemistry revealed that it is located around the internal organs
and cuticle of the mite and in eggs. Although it was not found to be
protective in a challenge trial, the rabbits did not exhibit typical crust
characteristics. This work shows that it is now possible to conduct such
challenge trials with cloned scabies antigens.
Keywords: animal model, rabbits, skin disease, Sarcoptes scabiei,
chemistry, genetics, immunology, amino acid sequence, base sequence
cloning, molecular DNA, animal gene library, human immune sera,
vaccines.
Holmes, J.M.; Townshend, A.M. (1995). Optimum timing of
postoperative adjustment in a rabbit model of adjustable suture
strabismus surgery. Ophthalmic Surgery 26 (3): 241-3, ISSN: 0022-023X.
Abstract: Strabismus surgeons disagree on the optimum timing of the
postoperative adjustment in adjustable suture surgery. We compared the
peak force necessary for adjustment at various postoperative times using a
rabbit model. Twenty-four eyes of 12 rabbits underwent a superior rectus
recession of 5 mm using a standard adjustable suture technique. The eyes
were randomized to adjustment at 15 minutes, and at 6, 24, and 48 hours
postoperatively. The peak force required to advance the muscle 3 mm was
measured using a strain gauge. During each adjustment, the peak force was
noted to be that required for initial disinsertion of muscle from sclera. The
mean peak force required was 14 +/- 5 g at 15 minutes, 37 +/- 10 g at 6
hours, 60 +/- 40 g at 24 hours, and 103 +/- 52 g at 48 hours. There was a
significant relationship between the time of adjustment and the peak force
required for adjustment (F = 7.8, P = 0.001). Post-hoc analysis showed that
the peak force required at 48 hours was greater than that required at 24
hours (P = 0.04), 6 hours (P = 0.003), and at 15 minutes (P = 0.0002). The
force required for adjustment at 24 hours and beyond was greater than the
maximal force generated by an extraocular muscle. We therefore suggest
that the postoperative adjustment should be performed within the first 24
hours.
Keywords: animal model, rabbit, muscle contraction, physiology,
oculomotor muscles, surgery, postoperative care, strabismus surgery,
suture techniques, time factors.
Holzheimer, R.G. (2001). Antibiotic induced endotoxin release and
clinical sepsis. A review. Journal of Chemotherapy 13 (Special Issue 1):
159-172, ISSN: 1120-009X.
Keywords: literature review, human, animal models, rabbit, rat, antibiotics,
cefotaxime, antibacterial drug, antiinfective drug, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin,
cytokines, endotoxin, antibiotic induced release, gentamicin, imipenem,
meropenem, penicillin binding protein, tobramycin, bacteremia, bacterial
disease, sepsis, intra abdominal infection, infectious disease, peritonitis,
digestive system disease, intensive care, multi organ failure.
Hosemann, W.; Goede, U.; Sauer, M. (1999). Wound healing of mucosal
autografts for frontal cerebrospinal fluid leaks: Clinical and
experimental investigations. Rhinology 37 (3): 108-112, ISSN: 0300-0729.
Keywords: laboratory animals, methods and techniques, cerebrospinal fluid,
leaks, nervous system, clinical investigations, experimental investigations,
frontal leakage, nasal septum, respiratory system, skull skeletal system,
wound healing, mucosal autografting, application procedures, fibrous
transformation, postoperative care, surgical method, therapeutic method.
Ito, T.; Shiomi, M. (2001). Cerebral atherosclerosis occurs
spontaneously in homozygous WHHL rabbits.Atherosclerosis
156 (1) :57-66, ISSN: 0021-9150.
Abstract: We demonstrated that selectively bred homozygous WHHL rabbits
known to show hypercholesterolemia and severe coronary atherosclerosis
also spontaneously develop cerebral atherosclerosis beginning at 9 months
of age. These intracranial lesions occurred in the absence of hypertension in
24 of 25 animals at various sites, mainly along arteries at the base of the
brain. No lesions were observed in penetrating arteries. Lesions were rich in
smooth muscle cells and fibrous tissue, showing only rare fragmentation or
disappearance of the internal elastic lamina, and only limited lipid
deposition. Few macrophages were observed in these lesions. No significant
correlation was seen between severity of cerebral atherosclerosis and age,
systolic blood pressure (BP), serum total cholesterol, or triglyceride
concentration. Xanthomas of the pia mater were observed in all 25 rabbits.
Arterial findings were similar to those in human cerebral atherosclerosis,
indicating that the coronary atherosclerosis-prone homozygous WHHL rabbit
represents the first animal model for spontaneous cerebral atherosclerosis.
Keywords: animal model, rabbits, male, aging, physiology, husbandry,
aorta, thoracic, pathology, arteries, blood pressure, brain diseases, etiology,
cerebral arteries, coronary vessels, female, homozygote, hyperlipidemia,
genetics, intracranial arteriosclerosis, etiology, lipids, blood, pia mater,
genetics, receptors, deficiency, severity of illness index.
Jones, P.A.; Budynsky, E.; Cooper, K.J.; Decker, D.; Griffiths, H.A.; Fentem,
J.H. (2001). Comparative evaluation of five in vitro tests for assessing
the eye irritation potential of hair-care products. Alternatives to
Laboratory Animals: ATLA 29 (6): 669-692, ISSN: 0261-1929.
NAL Call Number: Z7994 L3A5
Abstract: This study compared five methods, the isolated rabbit eye (IRE),
bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP), EpiOcular, fluorescein
leakage (FL) and neutral red release (NRR) assays, for predicting the eye
irritation potential of hair-care formulations. Ten shampoo and seven
conditioner formulations of known ocular irritation potential were tested.
Each group included a market-acceptable formulation as a comparative
benchmark. Predictions of ocular irritation were made by using classification
models (IRE, BCOP and EpiOcular assays) or by direct comparison with
benchmarks (IRE, EpiOcular, FL and NRR assays). The BCOP assay was less
sensitive than the IRE test in discriminating between formulations of
different irritation potentials, and did not perform as well as the other
assays in identifying mild formulations. All of the assays appeared to be
better at discriminating correctly between the shampoos than between the
conditioners. The EpiOcular assay showed the closest concordance between
the in vivo results and the in vitro data from cell-based assays (particularly
for shampoos). The FL assay also showed a high concordance (particularly
for conditioners). There was a tendency for these in vitro assays to over-predict eye irritation potential, but there was no under-prediction and they
were particularly successful at identifying mild formulations. The NRR assay
was less predictive with both shampoos and conditioners. The results from
this comparative evaluation fully support the continued use of the IRE test
as a suitable alternative to in vivo eye irritation testing in rabbits, although
it also over-predicted the irritancies of several of the formulations.
Keywords: shampoos, hair, surfactants, testing, irritant properties, assays,
in vitro, eyes, rabbits, cattle, cornea, fluorescein, laboratory tests,
coagulation, prediction, accuracy, animal testing alternatives, eye irritation
tests, fluorescein leakage assay, neutral red uptake assay, bovine corneal
opacity, permeability assay, epiocular assay, animal use replacement.
Kaatz, G.W.; Seo, S.M.; Aeschlimann, J.R.; Houlihan, H.H.; Mercier, R.C.;
Rybak, M.J. (1998). Efficacy of trovafloxacin against experimental
Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Antimicrobial Agents and
Chemotherapy 42 (2): 254-6, ISSN: 0066-4804.
Abstract: Trovafloxacin is a new fluoronaphthyridone chemically and
functionally related to members of the fluoroquinolone class of antimicrobial
agents. The in vivo efficacy of the drug was compared with that of
vancomycin by using the rabbit model of left-sided endocarditis. Rabbits
infected with either a nafcillin-susceptible or -resistant test strain were
treated with trovafloxacin (13.3 mg/kg of body weight every 12 h) or
vancomycin (25 mg/kg of body weight every 8 h) for 4 days. In comparison
with untreated controls, both antimicrobial agents effectively cleared
bacteremia and significantly reduced bacterial counts in vegetations and
tissues of animals infected with either test strain. No resistance to
trovafloxacin emerged in test strains during therapy. We conclude that in
this model trovafloxacin is as efficacious as vancomycin is and may serve as
a viable alternative to vancomycin for use in humans with similar infections.
Keywords: anti-infective agents, therapeutic use, drug resistance, drug
therapy, endocarditis, fluoroquinolones, naphthyridines, trovafloxacin,
staphylococcal infections.
Kallfass, E.; Kramling, H.J.; Schultz-Hector, S. (May 1996). Early
inflammatory reaction of the rabbit coeliac artery wall after
combined intraoperative (IORT) and external (ERT) Irradiation.
Radiotherapy and Oncology: Journal of the European Society for Therapeutic
Radiology and Oncology 39 (2): 167-78, ISSN: 0167-8140.
Abstract: The present immunohistochemical study of radiation-induced
damage in major blood vessels is based on a multidisciplinary study
(Schultz-Hector et al., Radiother. Oncol., 38: 205-214, 1996) investigating
the combined effect of IORT of the coeliac axis and upper abdominal ERT.
The paper describes the sequential changes occurring in the coeliac artery
after IORT with 30 Gy, i.e. during and after combined IORT and fractionated
ERT (total dose 40 Gy). Within 24 h after IORT, the arterial wall was found
to be invaded by TNF-alpha positive macrophages, which later on
disappeared within 7-14 days. At 2 days post-IORT, the medical smooth
muscle cells were strongly positive for TNF-alpha and remained positive
throughout the observation period of 63 days. At 80 days, a comparison of
different IORT dose groups showed that TNF-alpha expression after 20 and
30 Gy IORT plus 40 Gy ERT had subsided, while it was still strongly evident
after 40 Gy IORT. Negative reactions in sham irradiated animals or animals
treated with ERT alone indicate that TNF-alpha expression was caused by
IORT. After > 30 days post-IORT, there was increased collagen type I
deposition in the adventitia. In two animals receiving the full ERT course,
intimal proliferations involving mainly smooth muscle cells were observed.
Our findings indicate that some features typical of radiation induced
arteriosclerosis such as periarterial fibrosis and intimal proliferations can
occur as early as < 60 days postirradiation. Macrophage invasion as well as
TNF-alpha expression in medial smooth muscle cells are known to be
important steps in the development of spontaneous atherosclerotic lesions.
Therefore, early TNF-alpha induction in the arterial wall by a high local dose
of X-irradiation may be regarded as one initiating factor of chronic
radiation-induced arteriosclerosis.
Keywords: arteriosclerosis, etiology, metabolism, pathology, celiac artery,
pathology, radiation effects, cell division, radiation effects, collagen,
comparative study, densitometry, female, immunohistochemistry
intraoperative care, adverse effects, muscle, smooth, vascular, pathology,
radiation effects, radiation injuries, tumor necrosis factor.
Kim, H.K.; Kerr, R.G.; Turley, C.B.; Evans, P.J.; Jay, V.; Salter, R.B. (1998). The effects of postoperative continuous passive motion on peripheral
nerve repair and regeneration. An experimental investigation in
rabbits. Journal of Hand Surgery 23 (5): 594-7, ISSN:
0266-7681.
Abstract: The effects of continuous passive motion (CPM) on nerve
regeneration following nerve repair were investigated. In 26 rabbits, the
medial popliteal nerve was transected and microsurgically repaired. Half of
the animals were treated with cast immobilization and the rest with 70
degrees arc CPM. Both treatments were discontinued on day 14. After
sacrifice on day 100, no animal showed separation at the suture line. Mean
nerve conduction velocity was slightly slower in the CPM than in the
immobilization group. Mean fibre density was also slightly less in the CPM
group but the difference was not significant. Mean fibre diameters, fibre
diameter distributions, and soleus-muscle wet weights were similar in the
two groups.
Keywords: action potentials, physiology, analysis of variance, axons,
pathology, casts, surgical, comparative study, computer-assisted image
processing, immobilization, microsurgery, motion therapy, nerve fibers,
postoperative care, tibial nerve surgery.
King, G.J.; Edwards, P.; Brant, R.F.; Shrive, N.G.; Frank, C.B. (1995). Intraoperative graft tensioning alters viscoelastic but not failure
behaviours of rabbit medial collateral ligament autografts. Journal of
Orthopaedic Research 13 (6): 915-22, ISSN: 0736-0266.
Abstract: The effects of three different degrees of intraoperative graft
tensioning on measures of ex vivo laxity, viscoelastic behaviour, and
structural and material failure of isolated healing medial collateral ligament
autografts were investigated in a rabbit model. The grafts were
orthotopically replaced at one of three different loads (too tight, anatomic,
or too loose) and were mechanically evaluated after 0, 12, 24, and 48
weeks of healing. Laxity of the ligament was influenced by intraoperative
graft tensioning at time zero. However, after 12 weeks of healing, values for
laxity were indistinguishable among the experimental groups. Cyclic load
relaxation, a measure of viscoelastic behaviour, was significantly influenced
by intraoperative graft tensioning, and this effect persisted even after 48
weeks of healing. Grafts placed under excessive tension relaxed one-third
less than grafts placed under abnormally low in situ tension. The relevance
of these differences remains to be determined. Intraoperative tensioning
had no significant influence on characteristics of structural or material
failure of the graft during the first year of healing. These results suggest
that, in this model, control of graft tension at the time of placement and
fixation does not improve the failure characteristics of the medial collateral
ligament. The structural strength of the grafts collectively improved to
nearly normal values after 48 weeks; however, material recovery was less
complete. Failure loads averaged 89% of control values, whereas failure
stress averaged only 52% after 48 weeks of healing.
Keywords: female, elasticity, hindlimb, intraoperative care, medial collateral
ligament, physiology, transplantation, stress, tibia transplantation,
autologous, methods, viscosity, weight-bearing, wound healing.
Kinoshita, A.; Braga, F.J.; Graeff, C.F.; Baffa, O. (2001). ESR dosimetry of
89Sr and 153Sm in bone. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 54 (2): 269-74,
ISSN: 0969-8043.
Abstract: The radiation absorbed dose in the rabbit bone delivered by
153Sm-EDTMP (samarium ethylenediaminetetra methylene diphosphonic
acid) and 89SRCl2 (strontium chloride) was measured by means of electron
spin resonance (ESR). These radioisotopes are used in systemic
radiotherapy for palliation of painful bone metastases. The knowledge of the
dose is important in order to avoid side effects to the bone marrow. The
ESR radiation dose signal was calibrated by the additive dose method using
cobalt-60 gamma rays. For 153Sm-EDTMP, the bone doses in three rabbits
were (4 +/- 2), (5 +/- 1) and (5 +/- 2) cGy kg/MBq. For 89SrCl2, a dose of
(2 +/- 1) cGy kg/MBq was found in one rabbit.
Keywords: animal model, rabbit, bone marrow, radiation effects, bone
neoplasms, radiotherapy, electron spin resonance, spectroscopy, methods,
organometallic compounds, administration and dosage, therapeutic use,
organophosphorus compounds, radioisotopes, radiometry, methods,
radiopharmaceuticals, samarium, strontium.
Leenaars, P.P.A.M. (1998). Assessment of side effects induced by
injection of different adjuvant/antigen combinations in rabbits and
mice. Laboratory Animals 32 (4): 387-406. ISSN: 0023-6772.
NAL Call Number: QL55 A1L3
Keywords: rabbits, mice, adverse effects, adjuvants.
Marty, M.S.; Neeper-Bradley, T.L.; Neptun, D.A.; Carney, E.W. (1999). Developmental toxicity of diethanolamine applied cutaneously to CD
rats and New Zealand White rabbits. Regulatory Toxicology and
Pharmacology 30 (3): 169-181, ISSN: 0273-2300.
Keywords: laboratory animals, New Zealand White rabbit, CD rat, toxicity,
diethanolamine, cutaneous administration, developmental toxicity, skin
lesions, reduced food consumption, personal care product, organogenesis.
Minguini, N.; Monteiro de Carvalho, K.M.; Akaishi, P.M.; De Luca, I.M.
(2000). Histologic effect of mitomycin C on strabismus surgery in the
rabbit. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 41 (11): 3399-401,
ISSN: 0146-0404.
Abstract: To evaluate the efficiency of mitomycin C (MMC) in limiting the
postoperative inflammatory response and scarring after strabismus surgery.
METHODS: A prospective, two-stage, masked, controlled trial was
conducted. In the first stage, the inflammatory response at the extraocular
muscle reattachment site was increased after inferior rectus recession in
eight rabbits. In the second stage, MMC (0.4 mg/ml) was applied during
surgery to the eyes of 22 rabbits with inferior rectus recession. As a control,
contralateral eyes were treated with saline solution. Seven weeks later,
exenteration was performed, and the sites of muscle reattachment were
processed for histologic examinations. The sums of the areas of the
granulomas in the extraocular muscle reattachment sites of control and
treated eyes were compared. RESULTS: There was no significant inhibitory
effect of MMC on the inflammatory response of treated eyes compared with
that of control eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The intraoperative use of MMC (0.4
mg/ml) was not effective in controlling the postoperative inflammatory
response in rabbit eyes after extraocular muscle surgery. These data do not
support the hypothesis that MMC reduces postoperative adhesions after
strabismus surgery.
Keywords: antimetabolites, therapeutic use, cicatrix, pathology, prevention
and control, granuloma, intraoperative care, mitomycin, oculomotor
muscles, surgery, postoperative complications.
Moldenhauer, F. (2003). Using in vitro prediction models instead of the
rabbit eye irritation test to classify and label new chemicals: A post
hoc data analysis of the international EC/HO validation study. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals: ATLA 31 (1): 31-46, ISSN: 0261-1929.
NAL Call Number: Z7994.L3A5
Keywords: Draize rabbit eye irritation test, international validation study,
applied and field techniques, animal testing alternative evaluation, bovine
opacity and permeability test, classification error estimation, linear
discriminant analysis, mathematical and computer techniques, neutral red
uptake test, new chemical evaluation, post hoc data analysis.
Nagasawa, K.; Nakanishi, H.; Yamamoto, R.; Kintsuji, S.; Fujimoto, S.
(2002). Decreased bioavailability of carbamazepine suppository after
its intrarectal and intracolostomal administration to rectal-resected
or colostoma-constructed rabbits. International Journal of Pharmaceutics
241 (2): 375-384, ISSN: 0378-5173.
Keywords: animal model, rabbit, colon, rectum, carbamazepine, analgesic
drug, bioavailability, suppository, carbamazepine 10,11 epoxide, rectal
resection, therapeutic method, palliative care.
Nyce, J.W.; Metzger, W.J. (1997). DNA antisense therapy for asthma in
an animal model. Nature 385 (6618): 721-725, ISSN: 0028-0836.
NAL Call Number: 472 N21
Keywords: animal model, rabbit, laboratory animals therapy, asthma,
arthropod allergies, house dust mites, allergens, DNA, adenosine,
respiratory diseases, nucleotides, allergies.
Ojeda, J.L.; Ventosa, J.A.; Piedra, S. (2001). The three dimensional
microanatomy of the rabbit and human cornea. A chemical and
mechanical microdissection SEM approach. Journal of Anatomy 199 (5):
567-576, ISSN: 0021-8782.
NAL Call Number: 447.8 J826
Keywords: eye, cornea, cellular and extracellular organization, new 3D
aspects, morphologically, stromal neural plexus, comparative anatomy.
Orafidiya, L.O.; Agbani, E.O.; Abereoje, O.A.; Awe, T.; Abudu, A.; Fakoya,
F.A. (2003). An investigation into the wound-healing properties of
essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum Linn. Journal of Wound Care 12 (9):
331-4, ISSN: 0969-0700.
Abstract: To investigate the effects of Ocimum oil and two antibacterial
preparations, Cicatrin (GlaxoWellcome) and Cetavlex (AstraZeneca), on the
healing of full-thickness excisional and incisional wounds, created under
anaesthesia, on the back of test and control groups of adult albino rabbits.
METHOD: Treatment was by topical application of the test substances onto
the wound surface for 15 days. Observation continued for a further six days.
Quantitative parameters of wound healing were determined daily. Swabs
were taken from wound sites that appeared not to be healing for
identification of wound contaminants and sensitivity tests. RESULTS: There
was a marked enhancement in the inflammatory and proliferative phases of
wound healing in the rabbits treated with Ocimum oil, suggesting that the
oil facilitated the healing process to a greater extent than the control and
reference products. Wounds treated with Cetavlex showed no sign of
healing for eight days but responded to Ocimum oil after a three-day wash-out period. CONCLUSION: The essential oil Ocimum gratissimum can
promote wound healing. However, large studies will need to be carried out
using domestic pigs, followed by clinical trials on human wounds.
Keywords: laboratory animals, albino rabbits, animal models, wound
healing, Bacitracin, Cysteine, Neomycin, plant oils, Nigerio oils, African
Traditional, volatile, pharmacology, cutaneous administration.
Osborne, R.; Carr, G.J.; Kohrman, K.A.; Stitzel, K.A. (1999). Examination
of the reversibility of corneal opacity using an historical eye
irritation database. Journal of Toxicology Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology
18 (4): 349-358, ISSN: 0731-3829.
NAL Call Number: RL803.J67
Keywords: laboratory animal, cornea, sensory system, eye, sensory system,
eye irritants, Draize eye test, toxicity testing method, low volume eye test,
toxicity testing method, nonrinse procedure, laboratory method, rinse
procedure, Good Laboratory Practice, regulations, animal welfare, corneal
opacity, reversibility, historical eye irritation database, human safety
assessments, regulatory classifications, training programs, visual clarity.
Pablo, L.E.; Ramirez, T.; Pueyo, M.; Larrosa, J.M.; Polo, V.; Honrubia, F.M.
(1997). Long-term effects of postoperative subconjunctival injections
of mitomycin-C in the rabbit eye. European Journal of Ophthalmology
7 (4): 340-4, ISSN: 1120-6721.
Abstract: Single or multiple subconjunctival injections of mitomycin-C
(MMC) may offer one way of establishing the total dosage of MMC more
accurately. The method also allows re-applications later postoperatively. In
this experimental, randomized prospective study we compared the effects of
a single intraoperative application of MMC at the filtering site and a single
postoperative subconjunctival injection of the drug. METHODS: The left eyes
of 32 pigmented rabbits were divided into two groups. In the first group we
applied MMC intraoperatively (IO) with a 4 x 1 mm surgical sponge soaked
in a MMC solution (0.5 mg/ml). In the second group we injected 0.4 ml of
the same solution subconjunctivally (SC) immediately after (conjunctival)
suture. Post-operative evaluation was carried out every day during the first
week, then every three days until day 58. Survival analyses were done for
intraocular pressure (IOP) and bleb failure. Log-rank tests were used to
compare survival differences between the groups. RESULTS: The IO group
showed longer survival parameters than the SC group (p < 0.05), both in
the control of IOP and as regards blebs. The histological persistence of
fistulas was similar. The IO group, however, had a higher incidence of
undesirable side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest IO application
of MMC is more effective in reducing fibroblast ingrowth. However,
subconjunctival application offers certain advantages such as the possibility
of repeating the treatment postoperatively and, therefore, using a smaller
initial dose.
Keywords: animal model, rabbit, antibiotics, antineoplastic, administration
and dosage, conjunctiva, drug effects, fibroblasts pathology, follow-up
studies, injections, intraocular pressure, intraoperative care, iris surgery,
mitomycin, administration and dosage, postoperative complications,
pathology, prevention and control, sclerostomy.
Park, M.J.; Lee, M.C.; Seong S.C. (2001). A comparative study of the
healing of tendon autograft and tendon-bone autograft using
patellar tendon in rabbits. International Orthopaedics 25 (1): 35-9, ISSN:
0341-2695.
Abstract: In order to compare the healing of tendon to bone and the healing
of bone to bone in a rabbit model, the lateral 4 mm of patellar tendons were
detached from their insertion into the tibia either subperiosteally (group I)
or with a bone block (group II) and implanted into drill holes in the
proximal articular surface of the tibia. The histological and biomechanical
features of the graft incorporation were observed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks.
Histological patterns similar to normal tendon-bone attachment were seen
at the tendon-bone interface in group I by 12 weeks, while direct bony
union was seen in group II by 8 weeks. The maximum tensile load and
stiffness were significantly greater in group II at 4 and 8 weeks while the
difference between the two groups was not significant at 2 and 12 weeks.
These findings show that more rapid incorporation of the graft occurs in
group II although no significant difference in biomechanical parameters was
noted once healing was complete.
Keywords: bone transplantation, adverse effects, rehabilitation, comparative
study, disease models, elasticity osseointegration, patellar ligament
transplantation, patellar ligament ultrastructure, postoperative care
methods, tensile strength, tibia, surgery, time factors, autologous
transplantation, adverse effects, rehabilitation, wound healing.
Potzl, W.; Witt, K.A.; Hackenberg, L.; Heusner, T.; Steinbeck J. (2003). Influence of postoperative immobilization on tendon length after
radiofrequency-induced shrinkage. An in vivo rabbit study. The
American Journal of Sports Medicine 31 (1): 36-40, ISSN: 0363-5465.
Abstract: Despite the widespread use of radiofrequency-induced shrinkage
of collagenous tissues, there have been no animal studies on the effects of
postoperative immobilization after such treatment. PURPOSE: To examine
the effects of postoperative immobilization after radiofrequency energy
treatment, with special emphasis on any tissue length increases. STUDY
DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: The right patellar tendon
of 60 New Zealand White rabbits was shrunk with a radiofrequency probe.
Tendon length was measured intraoperatively before and after shrinkage
and via radiographs immediately postoperatively and at 3, 6, and 9 weeks.
Twenty rabbits were not immobilized, 20 were immobilized for 3 weeks, and
20 were immobilized for 6 weeks. RESULTS: In the nonimmobilized limbs,
the tendon length increased 34.9% at 3 weeks and another 2.5% at 6
weeks, versus 11.2% at 3 weeks and 6.6% at 6 weeks in the immobilized
limbs. Ten of the 20 rabbits that were immobilized for 6 weeks were
sacrificed at 9 weeks and were found to have a further length increase of
10.8%. At 9 weeks, the tendons of this group were no longer significantly
shorter than the tendons from rabbits that had not been immobilized.
CONCLUSIONS: Careful postoperative rehabilitation is imperative after
radiofrequency-induced shrinkage. Without protection, exposure to normal
physiologic loads places the shrunken tissue at risk of stretching out beyond
the preshrinkage length. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Shrunken tissue is at risk
of stretching out after radiofrequency-induced shrinkage.
Keywords: animal model, rabbit, catheter ablation, methods, comparative
study immobilization, physiology, patella, surgery, postoperative care
methods, risk factors support, tendons, physiology, surgery, time factors.
Prata, J.A., Jr; Minckler, D.S.; Mermoud, A.; Baerveldt, G. (Feb. 1996). Effects of intraoperative mitomycin-C on the function of Baerveldt
glaucoma drainage implants in rabbits. Journal of Glaucoma 5 (1): 29-38, ISSN: 1057-0829.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of
intraoperative mitomycin-C (MMC) on the function of Baerveldt glaucoma
implants in rabbits. METHODS: Bilateral implantations of 200 mm2
Baerveldt drainage devices were performed in 30 normal albino rabbits. One
eye, randomly selected, received intraoperative application of MMC at the
site of the implant plate for 5 min, via a 6 x 4 x 2 mm cellulose sponge
saturated with 0.5 mg/ml of MMC. The opposite eye served as a control.
MMC-treated and control eyes (five animals each group) were compared for
intraocular pressure (IOP), resistance to flow, flow rates through the
implant and histopathological findings at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 weeks
postoperatively. Resistance to flow and flow rates through the implants
were studied after opening the cornea and connecting the drain tube to a
micromanometric system. RESULTS: Preoperative IOP did not differ
between groups. MMC-treated eyes had lower levels of IOP than did controls
at all postoperative times. The differences in IOP were statistically
significant up to 8 weeks postoperatively. Resistance to flow was lower in
MMC-treated eyes at all times studied, but the differences were statistically
significant only at the time points of 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Flow rates through
the implant bleb were always higher in MMC-treated eyes, and statistically
significant differences were seen at 2, 4, 6, and 24 weeks.
Histopathologically, MMC-treated eyes had thinner implant capsules with
delayed maturation and less inflammatory infiltrate. CONCLUSION: MMC
causes lower IOP and higher perfusion rates through the implant capsule at
2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively. Wound dehiscence, bleb leaks, and
extraocular muscle injury were observed only in MMC-treated eyes.
Keywords: administration, topical animals aqueous humor, secretion
comparative study drainage, instrumentation, filtering surgery, glaucoma,
pathology glaucoma, physiopathology, glaucoma, surgery, intraocular
pressure, drug effects intraoperative care mitomycin, pharmacology, nucleic
acid synthesis inhibitors, pharmacology, oculomotor muscles, pathology
prostheses and implants, rabbits random allocation sclera, ultrastructure.
Reuter, J.D.; Ovadia, S.; Howell, P.; Jaskwich, D.H. (2002). Femoral
fracture repair and postoperative management in New Zealand
White rabbits. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 41 (4):
49-52, ISSN: 1060-0558.
NAL Call Number: SF405.5 A23
Keywords: laboratory mammals, bone fractures, fracture fixation,
experimental surgery, case reports, femur, postoperative care,
postoperative complications.
Ross, R.G.; Selvasubramanian, S.; Jayasundar, S. (2003). Effect of
levamisole upon dexamethasone induced immunosuppression in
rabbits. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 73 (1): 58-59, ISSN: 0367-8318.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 IN22
Keywords: breed, New Zealand, dexamethasone, immunologic drug,
toxicity, levamisole, drug induced immunosuppression, immune system
disease, toxicity, cell mediated immunity, humoral immunity, immune
response, stress.
Sakai, H.; Fukui, N.; Kawakami, A.; Kurosawa, H. (2000). Biological
fixation of the graft within bone after anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction in rabbits: effects of the duration of postoperative
immobilization. Journal of Orthopaedic Science 5 (1): 43-51, ISSN: 0949-2658.
Abstract: To investigate the effects of the duration of postoperative
immobilization on the biological fixation of the graft within bone after
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction; we performed ACL
reconstruction in 27 rabbits, which were divided into five groups - no
immobilization and 1-, 2-, 4-, and 6-week immobilization. All animals were
killed 6 weeks postoperatively, and the graft-bone tunnel interface was
examined biomechanically and histologically. In the groups with
immobilization, in tensile failure tests, most specimens failed through the
intraarticular portion of the grafts. There was no significant difference in the
maximum load between these groups. In the no-immobilization group, all
specimens failed through pulling of the grafts out of the femoral tunnel,
with a lower maximum load than in the other groups. Histologically, new
bone formation and occasional collagen fiber continuity were observed at
the interface; which consisted of a fibrous tissue. In the no-immobilization
group, the graft was partly separated from the fibrous tissue covering the
bony wall. It is concluded that no immobilization delays the biological
fixation process in the bone tunnel after ACL reconstruction, and that a
certain period of immobilization is necessary for the fixation to proceed
smoothly.
Keywords: animal model, rabbit, anterior cruciate ligament, pathology,
physiology, transplantation, biomechanics femur, physiology, surgery,
immobilization, male postoperative care, rabbits, tibia, pathology, wound
healing.
Scherer, R.U. (1995). Short-time rabbit model of endotoxin-induced
hypercoagulability. Laboratory Animal Science 45 (5): 538-546, ISSN:
0023-6764.
NAL Call Number: 410.9 P94
Keywords: animal models, disseminated intravascular coagulation,
hemostasis.
Schneider, D.J.; Moulton, M.J.; Singapuri, K.; Chinchilli, V.; Deol, G.S.;
Krenitsky, G.; Pellegrini, V.D. Jr. (1998). The Frank Stinchfield Award.
Inhibition of heterotopic ossification with radiation therapy in an
animal model. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 355: 35-46,
ISSN: 0009-921X.
Abstract: An animal model for the study of heterotopic ossification was
developed and the effects of perioperative radiation were analyzed. In
Phase I, New Zealand White rabbits (n = 18) underwent surgery either with
or without muscle injury on each hip to establish the most reliable model in
which to study heterotopic ossification. In Phase II, rabbits (n = 36)
underwent either 400, 800, or 1200 cGy radiation to one hip 24 hours after
bilateral hip surgery to establish a dose response relationship for
postoperative radiation therapy. In Phase III, rabbits (n = 24) underwent
preoperative radiation therapy (800 cGy) at 4, 16, or 24 hours
preoperatively to investigate the mechanism of action and efficacy of
preoperative radiation therapy. Monthly radiographs were graded by blinded
observers for severity of heterotopic ossification. Mean grade, intraobserver
and interobserver variability, and statistical significance were evaluated. In
Phase II, 17 of 18 rabbits generated heterotopic ossification in both hips,
and the mean grade of heterotopic ossification was always greater on the
operative side with intentional muscle injury. Variability in the grading was
considered excellent. Phase II revealed that 800 cGy was the minimal
effective dose. Contrary to hypothesis, Phase III revealed an increasing
grade of heterotopic ossification coinciding with a decreasing preoperative
time interval, with the difference in heterotopic ossification grade with 24-hour versus 4-hour preoperative radiation being significant. The rabbit
model is reliable and reproducible and closely resembles the human clinical
situation after hip surgery. Preoperative and postoperative radiation
effectively prevented heterotopic ossification formation. The results support
the use of preoperative radiation and establish a need for additional
investigation regarding the mechanism of action and timing of preoperative
radiation therapy.
Keywords: animal model, disease model, rabbit, arthroplasty, hip
replacement, adverse effects, methods, radiation, dose-response
relationship, ossification, heterotopic, etiology, prevention and control,
perioperative care, severity of illness index, single-blind method.
Schwartz, D.M.; Jethmalani, J.M.; Sandstedt, C.A.; Kornfield, J.A.; Grubbs,
R.H. (2001). Post, implantation adjustable intraocular lenses.
Ophthalmology Clinics of North America 14 (2): 339-45, ISSN: 0896-1549.
Abstract: To eliminate persistent refractive errors after cataract and phakic
IOL surgery, photosensitive silicone IOLs have been developed. These IOL
formulations enable precise laser adjustment of IOL power to correct
spherical and toric errors post-operatively, after wound and IOL
stabilization. Initial experience with these laser adjustable IOLs indicate
excellent biocompatability and adjustability of more than five diopters.
Keywords: human, animal model, rabbit, lens implantation, intraocular
methods, postoperative care, methods, prosthesis design, refractive errors,
surgery.
Shimada, K.; Yoshida, K.; Tadokoro, H.; Kitsukawa, S.; Takami, A.; Suzuki,
K.; Tanada, S., Masuda, Y. (1998). High-resolution cardiac PET in
rabbits: imaging and quantitation of myocardial blood flow. Journal of
Nuclear Medicine 39 (12): 2022-7, ISSN: 0161-5505.
NAL Call Number: RM845.J78
Abstract: A high-resolution PET system for small animals was tested for its
applicability to the investigation of regional myocardial blood flow (MBF) in
rabbits. METHODS: Nineteen measurements were performed in 10 closed-chest anesthetized rabbits at baseline and during infusions of adenosine
(0.2 mg/kg/min) and propranolol (0.20-1.20 mg slow infusion) to obtain a
wide range of MBF. Myocardial blood flow was assessed both by dynamic
13N-ammonia PET and by colored microspheres. Blood was withdrawn
directly from the femoral artery, and arterial 13N activity was measured by
coincidence type gamma detection system for the input function. Nitrogen-13 myocardial uptake was calculated by dividing the myocardial 13N
activity by the integral value of the input function. RESULTS: Three or four
contiguous cross-sectional myocardial images were obtained after 13N-ammonia injection. The left ventricular wall and cardiac cavity were clearly
visualized. Moreover, initial passage of the tracer through the heart was
obtained with serial 10-sec PET images. Nitrogen-13 myocardial uptake
correlated well with flow measured with microspheres (r = 0.88).
CONCLUSION: Our cardiac PET system can be used for in vivo imaging and
quantitation of MBF in small animals and may play an important role in the
future study of animal models of cardiovascular diseases.
Keywords: animal models, rabbits, male, adenosine, propranolol, ammonia,
pharmacology, diagnostic use, heart, physiology, myocardium, metabolism,
nitrogen radioisotopes, tomography.
Simunovic, Z.; Ivankovich, A.D.; Depolo, A. (2000). Wound healing of
animal and human body sport and traffic accident injuries using low-level laser therapy treatment: a randomized clinical study of
seventy-four patients with control group. Journal of Clinical Laser
Medicine and Surgery 18 (2): 67-73, ISSN: 1044-5471.
Abstract: The main objective of current animal and clinical studies was to
assess the efficacy of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on wound healing in
rabbits and humans. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the
initial part of our research we conducted a randomized controlled animal
study, where we evaluated the effects of laser irradiation on the healing of
surgical wounds on rabbits. The manner of the application of LLLT on the
human body are analogous to those of similar physiologic structure in
animal tissue, therefore, this study was continued on humans. Clinical study
was performed on 74 patients with injuries to the following anatomic
locations: ankle and knee, bilaterally, Achilles tendon; epicondylus;
shoulder; wrist; interphalangeal joints of hands, unilaterally. All patients
had had surgical procedure prior to LLLT. Two types of laser devices were
used: infrared diode laser (GaAlAs) 830 nm continuous wave for treatment
of trigger points (TPs) and HeNe 632.8 nm combined with diode laser 904-nm pulsed wave for scanning procedure. Both were applied as monotherapy
during current clinical study. The results were observed and measured
according to the following clinical parameters: redness, heat, pain, swelling
and loss of function, and finally postponed to statistical analysis via chi2
test. RESULTS: After comparing the healing process between two groups of
patients, we obtained the following results: wound healing was significantly
accelerated (25%-35%) in the group of patients treated with LLLT. Pain
relief and functional recovery of patients treated with LLLT were
significantly improved comparing to untreated patients. CONCLUSION: In
addition to accelerated wound healing, the main advantages of LLLT for
postoperative sport and traffic related injuries include prevention of side
effects of drugs, significantly accelerated functional recovery, earlier return
to work, training and sport competition compared to the control group of
patients, and cost benefit.
Keywords: accidents, traffic, human, animal model, rabbit, athletic injuries,
radiotherapy, disease models, laser therapy, low-level, postoperative
care,wound healing, radiation effects, radiotherapy.
Sitges-Serra, A.; Hernandez, R.; Maestro, S.; Fernandez, N.; Girvent, M.;
Sancho, J.J. (2001). Influence of parenteral nutrition on postoperative
recovery in an experimental model of peritonitis. Clinical Nutrition
20 (5): 439-43, ISSN: 0261-5614.
NAL Call Number: RM216.M342
Abstract: There seems to be no clear-cut indications for routine TPN support
after major elective surgery. The present study was designed to investigate
whether TPN could improve the results of standard surgical care for acute
peritonitis (laparotomy plus antibiotics). ANIMALS AND METHODS:
Peritonitis was induced in 48 New Zealand rabbits (day -2). On day 0,
appendectomy and peritoneal lavage were performed, ceftriaxone (250 mg,
i.m./24 h.) was started and animals were randomly assigned to receive
regular fluids (RF), glucose-based TPN (G-TPN) or isocaloric fat-based TPN
(F-TPN) for 6 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Balance studies (days 1-3),
s-albumin, thyroid hormones and urinary catecholamines were determined
at various points of the experiment. At postmortem, wound infection,
residual intra-abdominal infection and laparotomy wound breaking strength
were recorded. RESULTS: Peritonitis produced a fall in weight, s-albumin
and T3. At day 6, weight-loss was more pronounced in RF than in G-TPN or
F-TPN (-7 vs 1.5 vs -1.2%;P=0.0001) but s-albumin and T3 concentrations
were similar. Diuresis (377 vs 268 vs 269 mL/3 days; P=0.01) was higher
and water balance lower (373 vs 511 vs 480 mL/3 days; P=0.01) in Group
RF. Although the differences were not statistically significant (P<0.2),
persistent infection and wound breaking strength were slightly worse in the
pooled TPN groups compared with the RF group (19 vs 6% and 542 vs 701
g, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: TPN failed to improve relevant biochemical
markers and clinical outcome after laparotomy for peritonitis.
Keywords: acute disease, appendectomy, animal models, disease, liver
function tests, nutritional status, total parenteral nutrition, adverse effects,
peritonitis, chemically induced, mortality, therapy, postoperative care,
postoperative complications, prevention and control, random allocation,
serum albumin analysis, thyroid hormones, blood, treatment outcome,
wound healing.
Tichias, K. (1998). Progress in toxicological testing: reduction and
refinement issues. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals: ATLA 26 (5): 619-627.
NAL Call Number: Z7994.L3A5
Keywords: passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test, screening, guinea pigs.
Unur, E. (2002). Morphological investigation of carotid body and its
arteries in rabbits. Anatomia Histologia Embryologia 31 (5): 266-268,
ISSN: 0340-2096.
NAL Call Number: SF761.Z4
Keywords: Oryctolagus cuniculus, morphology, chemoreception, carotid
body, arteries, carotid artery, anatomy, sensory reception, circulatory
system, blood vessels.
Upman, P.J.; Anderson, J.; Tasse, L. (2003). An analysis of ISO
intracutaneous reactivity test results to justify a reduction in animal
requirements. Lab Animal 32 (3): 26-7, ISSN: 0093-7355.
NAL Call Number: QL55 A1L33
Abstract: The ISO intracutaneous reactivity test is the standard protocol for
determining a medical device’s potential for causing irritation. The authors
present data indicating that the number of animals required per test can be
reduced from three rabbits to two.
Keywords: welfare, drug evaluation, preclinical, intradermal injections,
international cooperation, intradermal tests, irritants, administration and
dosage, toxicity, skin, drug effects.
Worth, A.P.; Cronin, M.T.D. (2000). Structure-permeability
relationships for transcorneal penetration. Alternatives to Laboratory
Animals: ATLA 28 (3): 403-413, ISSN: 0261-1929.
NAL Call Number: Z7994.L3A5
Keywords: laboratory animals, rabbits, cornea, penetration, animal welfare,
drug development.
Xu, Y.; Yang, G.H.; Jin, W.M.; Chen, K.Q.; Li, J.X. (1997). Effect of
topical aclacinomycin on glaucoma filtration surgery in rabbits.
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics: the Official Journal of the
Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 13 (6): 507-15, ISSN:
1080-7683.
Abstract: A prospective, randomized, double-masked and placebo-controlled
study was performed to compare the effects of a single 5-minute
intraoperative exposure to aclacinomycin (AMC) 0.4 mg/ml or 0.8 mg/ml
with control eyes treated with saline solution on the success of glaucoma
filtration surgery in 26 rabbits. Intraocular pressure (IOP), bleb survival,
fistula patency and complications were evaluated. The results showed that
IOP in the eyes treated with AMC was significantly lower than that in the
control eyes from days 5-40 in the 0.4 mg/ml group and from days 5-20 in
the 0.8 mg/ml group. The bleb survival lasted significantly longer in the two
treated groups than in the control group and in the AMC 0.4 mg/ml group
than in the AMC 0.8 mg/ml group. At 40 days, the rate of sclera fistula
occlusion was 0% in the AMC 0.4 mg/ml eyes, 43.8% in the AMC 0.8 mg/ml
eyes, and 100% in the control eyes. Significant complications, such as
anterior chamber inflammation, hyphema, moderate and severe corneal
haze, dense corneal neovascularization and mild cataract occurred only in
the eyes treated with AMC 0.8 mg/ml. The results indicated that intraocular
treatment with AMC at a dose of 0.4 mg/ml had a markedly beneficial effect
on IOP, bleb appearance and fistula patency after experimental filtration
surgery in rabbits.
Keywords: comparative study, aclarubicin, analogs and derivatives,
therapeutic use, drug effects, pathology, filtering surgery, glaucoma
surgery, intraocular pressure, intraoperative care, antibiotics,
antineoplastic.
Yamasaki, M. (1996). Comparative anatomical studies on the thyroid
and thymic arteries. 4. Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Journal of
Anatomy 188 (3): 557-564, ISSN: 0021-8782.
NAL Call Number: 447.8 J826
Keywords: thyroid and thymic arteries anatomy, comparative study, thymus
gland, thymic arteries, morphological variation.
Yanabe, M.; Shibuya, M.; Gonda, T.; Asai, H.; Tanaka, T.; Narita, T.; Sudo,
K.; Itoh, K. (1999). Establishment of specific pathogen-free rabbit
colonies with limited-flora rabbits associated with conventional
rabbit flora, and monitoring of their cecal flora. Experimental Animals
48 (2): 101-106, ISSN: 1341-1357.
NAL Call Number: QL55.J55.
Keywords: laboratory animals, specific pathogen free, cecal flora, fertility,
rabbit colony establishment, weaning rates.
Yanabe, M.; Shibuya, M.; Gonda, T.; Asai, H.; Tanaka, T.; Narita, T.; Sudo,
K.; Matsui, T.; Itoh, K. (1999). Production of ex-germfree rabbits for
establishment of specific pathogen-free (SPF) colonies. Experimental
Animals 48 (2): 79-86, ISSN: 1341-1357.
NAL Call Number: QL55.J55
Keywords: diarrhea, cecal flora, mortality, specific pathogen-free, colony
establishment.
Yuan, C.; Zhao, X.Q.; Hatsukami, T.S. (2002). Quantitative evaluation of
carotid atherosclerotic plaques by magnetic resonance imaging. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 4 (5): 351-7, ISSN: 1523-3804.
Abstract: In order to study human atherosclerotic plaque burden and
composition in vivo, an imaging technique is needed that can directly
measure volume and characterize the cross-sectional morphologic
components of the atherosclerotic arterial wall. High-resolution magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI), which is noninvasive and nonirradiative, has been
described as one promising modality to achieve these purposes. MRI allows
direct visualization of the diseased vessel wall and is capable of
characterizing the morphology of individual atherosclerotic carotid plaques.
Keywords: review, animal model, disease, rabbits, arteriosclerosis,
diagnosis, carotid stenosis, pathology, radiography, surgery,
endarterectomy, methods, magnetic resonance angiography, contrast
media, postoperative period, preoperative care, severity of illness index.
Yucel, I.; Bagci, G.; Duranoglu, Y.; Ozturk, A.; Aksu, G.; Luleci, G. (1999).
The effect of hydroxyurea on rabbit subconjunctival fibroblast
culture and use of hydroxyurea in rabbits after glaucoma filtration
surgery. Ophthalmologica 213 (5) :311-9, ISSN: 0030-3755.
Abstract: In
an in vitro study, rabbit subconjunctival fibroblasts were cultured and the
effects of an antineoplastic drug, hydroxyurea (HU), on fibroblast
proliferation and fibroblast attachment was investigated. The effects of HU
were compared with those of mitomycin C (MMC). Different concentrations
of HU and MMC were added to culture medium. The HU doses which led to
50% of inhibition (ID(50)) and the dose which led to about 90% of
inhibition (subtoxic high dose, STHD) were determined to be 8 and 1,000
microg/ml, respectively. ID(50) of MMC and its STHD which led to about
100% inhibition were found to be 0.01 and 1 microg/ml, respectively.
Reversibility studies revealed that inhibition disappeared depending on the
dose and incubation period of both HU and MMC. In an in vivo study,
glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) was performed in rabbits which were
treated with HU (treatment group) and distilled water (control group).
Tissue samples were taken from the subconjunctival area treated at 1 h, 1
day, 5 days and 30 days postoperatively. The biopsy specimens were then
placed in tissue culture media. Fibroblast outgrowth rates detected in the
HU group were found to be significantly lower than those in the control
group in the specimens taken at the end of the first hour. The difference
was significant on culture days 9-15 in the biopsy specimens taken on day 1
while it was not significant in those taken on days 5 and 30.
Keywords: in vitro, in vivo, rabbits, animals cell adhesion, drug effects,
dose response relationship, cultured cells, conjunctiva, cytology, fibroblasts,
filtering surgery, glaucoma, surgery, hydroxyurea, mitomycin,
administration and dosage, pharmacology, therapeutic use, nucleic acid
synthesis inhibitors, postoperative care.
Zhang, X.; Peng, D.; Zheng, H.; Liang, M.(1997). Lack of corneal toxicity
of interferon Alpha-2b administered subconjunctivally after
sclerectomy. Yan Ke Xue Bao 13 (1): 35-7, ISSN: 1000-4432.
Abstract: To evaluate the corneal toxicity of subconjunctival injection
interferon alpha-2b at filtering bleb after sclerectomy in white rabbits.
METHODS: Eight rabbits which had been performed sclerectomy were
randomly divided into two groups. Each group consisted of four rabbits.
Eight eyes in group 1 were subconjunctivally received interferon alpha-2b 5
x 10(5) IU/0.2 ml into filtering bleb from the edge of the filtering site
immediately after operation and every postoperative day. The other eight
eyes in group 2 were injected with 0.2 ml normal saline. All of the eyes
underwent daily examination by slip-lamp microscopy and direct
ophthalmoloscopy. Sodium fluorescein was used to assess corneal epithelial
integrity. On day 3, 4, 7 and 14, every two rabbits (group 1 and 2 each,
respectively) were killed and removed cornea immediately to take
examination of the viability of corneal endothelium by dual staining with
typan blue and alizanin red S. RESULTS: No sign of toxicity in corneal
epithelium and endothelium were found following continuously injection
interferon alpha-2b at filtering bleb 3-14 days totally for selected doses.
CONCLUSION: Subconjunctivally administered interferon alpha-2b at
filtering bleb after glaucoma filtering surgery may be a safe drug-applied
method.
Keywords: endothelium, corneal drug effects, epithelium, filtering surgery,
interferon alfa-2b, administration and dosage, toxicity, postoperative care,
sclera surgery.