Contraceptive technology in controlled reproduction in pets (1975). American Journal of Public Health
65(1): 77-78. ISSN: 0090-0036.
NAL Call Number: 449.9 Am3J
Descriptors: animals, cats, contraception, dogs,
veterinary medicine
Bloomberg, M.S. (1996). Surgical neutering and nonsurgical
alternatives. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
208(4): 517-519. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: age factors, animals, methods of castration,
cats, population density
Brueschke, E.E., M. Burns, J.H. Maness, J.R. Wingfield, K. Mayerhofer,
and L.J. Zaneveld (1974). Development of a reversible vas deferens occlusive
device. I. Anatomical size of the human and dog vas deferens. Fertility
and Sterility 25(8): 659-672. ISSN:
0015-0282.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 F41
Descriptors: comparative anatomy, contraceptive devices,
dogs, human, male, vas deferens
Brueschke, E.E., J.R. Wingfield, M. Burns, and J.D. Zaneveld (1974). Development
of a reversible vas deferens occlusive device. II. Effect of bilateral and
unilateral vasectomy on semen characteristics in the dog. Fertility and
Sterility 25(8): 673-686. ISSN:
0015-0282.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 F41
Descriptors: cell count, contraceptive devices, dogs,
hydrogen ion concentration, male, methods, semen, spermatozoa, vasectomy
Brueschke, E.E., L.J. Zaneveld, R. Rodzen, and D. Berns (1974). Development
of a reversible vas deferens occlusive device. III. Morphology of the human and
dog vas deferens: a study with the scanning electron microscope. Fertility
and Sterility 25(8): 687-702. ISSN:
0015-0282.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 F41
Descriptors: comparative anatomy, contraceptive devices,
dogs, epithelial cells, electron microscopy, vas deferens, vasectomy
Brueschke, E.E., L.J. Zaneveld, R. Rodzen, K. Mayerhoffer, M. Burns, and
J.R. Wingfield (1975). Development of reversible vas deferens occlusive
device: V. Flexible prosthetic devices. Fertility and Sterility
26(1): 40-52. ISSN: 0015-0282.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 F41
Abstract: In contrast to the results with rigid-ended
prosthetic devices implanted in the vas deferens of the dog, effective sperm
transport was obtained for prolonged periods of time with flexible-ended (all
soft) devices. Such transport could be halted by device occlusion with clips or
shuttle stem valves. Opening the devices resulted once again in the passage of
spermatozoa, indicating that these devices may be potentially useful as
reversible male contraceptives. More research is necessary to determine the
cause of an overall decrease in sperm output after device implantations and to
evaluate any adverse side effects of such devices. Dacron velour-covered suture
rings on the devices permitted effective tissue ingrowth and prevented leakage
or recanalization.
Descriptors: cell movement, dogs, male, prostheses and
implants, silicone elastomers, spermatozoa, stainless steel, vas deferens,
vasectomy
Brueschke, E.E., R.A. Kaleckas, J.R. Wingfield, T.J. Welsh, and L.J.
Zaneveld (1980). Development of a reversible vas deferens occlusion device.
VII. Physical and microscopic observations after long-term implantation of
flexible prosthetic devices. Fertility and Sterility 33(2):
167-178. ISSN: 0015-0282.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 F41
Abstract: Flexible prosthetic devices developed
previously to reversibly block sperm transport through the vas deferens were
implanted in the vasa deferentia of dogs or kept in a semen bath for a 6-month
period. Dimensional measurements, flow characteristics, leakage tests, and
detent action force tests to displace the valve stem were performed with the
valves. No changes occurred in any of these parameters with the exception of a
decrease in the force required to change the position of the valve stem. This
explains the occasional passage of spermatozoa through certain closed devices
after they have been implanted for long periods of time. Histologic studies
indicated that the same types of genital tract changes are associated with an
implanted device as with vasectomy, and that they occur with approximately
equal frequencies. Scanning electron microscope studies showed (1) excellent
tissue ingrowth into the Dacron velour material of the implanted device; (2)
the build-up of material, consisting in part of spermatozoa, in the device
lumen and on the value stem; and (3) the absence of surface degradation of
either the Silastic material or the valve stem of the device. It is concluded
that no irreversible tissue damage is caused by the long-term implantation of
flexible prosthetic devices into the vas deferens.
Descriptors: male contraceptive devices, dogs, sperm
transport block, vas deferens, epididymis, prostheses and implants
Burke, T.J. (1977). Fertility control in the cat. The
Veterinary Clinics of
NAL Call Number: SF601.V523
Descriptors: cats, castration, contraception, estrus,
hysterectomy, megestrol, nandrolone, vasectomy, endometritis
Concannon, P.W. and V.N. Meyers-Wallen (1991). Current and proposed
methods for contraception and termination of pregnancy in dogs and cats. Journal
of the American Veterinary Medical Association 198(7): 1214-1225. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: induced abortion, cats, methods of contraception,
dogs, embryo implantation, megestrol acetate
Fahim, M.S., Z. Fahim, J. Harman,
NAL Call Number: 448.8 F41
Abstract: Twenty male cats were treated once or twice
with 1 watt/sq cm of ultrasound for 10 minutes. Each of 24 male dogs received
one to three treatments with 1 watt/sq cm for 10 minutes. Another six dogs were
treated with 2 watts/sq cm for 15 minutes. Four Cebus apella monkeys were treated with the same dosage as that used
for the cats and dogs. A dosage of 1 watt/sq cm for 10 minutes was also applied
to four human patients without the use of anesthetics, and no pain or side
effects were noted. In all treated animals as well as in human patients the
results indicate that ultrasound significantly suppresses spermatogenesis
according to the dosage and frequency of treatment, without any effect on
Leydig cells or blood testosterone levels.
Descriptors: cats, methods of contraception, dogs,
Haplorhini, cebus monkeys, rats, seminiferous tubules, spermatogenesis,
temperature, ultrasonics
Fayrer Hosken, R. (2003). Contraceptive techniques for male dogs and
cats. In: M.V. Root Kustritz (editor), Small Animal Theriogenology
Butterworth Heinemann: St. Louis, MO, p. 447-456. ISBN: 0-7506-7408-3.
Descriptors: castration, contraceptives, epididymis, GnRH,
males, estrogens, progestogens, reproduction, veterinary surgery, testes,
vasectomy
Fischer, A. and D. Graf von Plettenberg (1981). Anlegen einer
skrotalen urethradauerfistel ohne kastration. Operationsbeschreibung.
[Application of a permanent scrotal urethra fistula without castration.
Description of the surgical technique: Dogs]. Kleintier Praxis
26(1): 57-59. ISSN: 0023-2076.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 K67
Descriptors: surgical operations, urethra, fistulation,
scrotum, surgery, dogs
Note: Language of text: German; Summaries in English, French,
Italian.
Horoz, H., C.S. Konuk, K. Gurbulak, G. Kasikci, M.E.C. Sonmez, and A.
Gurel (2000). The effect of intrauterine device (IUD) administration on
fertility, serum progesterone, oestradiol 17 beta and uterine endometrium
during the induced estrus cycle in the bitch. Veteriner Fakultesi
Dergisi
Descriptors: bitches, clinical aspects, endometritis,
endometrium, estradiol, female infertility, intrauterine devices, estrous
cycle, estrus, progesterone, pyometra, dogs
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V643
Descriptors: castration, cats, methods of contraception,
contraceptive agents, estrus, tubal sterilization, pregnancy, dogs
Jochle, W. (1976). Neuere Erkenntnisse über die
Fortpflanzungsbiologie von Hund und Katze: Konsequenzen für die
Ostruskontrolle, Konzeptionsverhütung, Abortauslösung und Therapie. [New
findings on the physiology of reproduction in the dog and cat: consequences for
the control of estrus, contraception abortion and therapy]. Deutsche Tierarztliche
Wochenschrift 83(12): 564-569. ISSN:
0341-6593.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 D482
Descriptors: spontaneous abortion, antineoplastic agents,
cats, contraception, dogs, estrus, female, pregnancy, progestational hormones,
drug effects on reproduction
Note: Language of text: German; Summary in English.
Kato, G. (2001). Proposals for contraception and castration methods
in dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Medicine (
NAL Call Number: SF761 .Z4
Descriptors: castration, contraception, canine, feline,
reproduction, animal welfare
NAL Call Number: 410 J825
Abstract: Antisera raised against canine ovaries were
found to induce light scattering of the surface of the egg zona pellucida even
when diluted 10,000 times, and to delay digestion of the zona by pronase. High
concentrations of antiserum were required, however, to inhibit in vitro
fertilization of the oocytes. Absorption of the antisera with canine ovaries
removed these effects, whereas absorption with liver, uterus and serum did not.
These results demonstrate the antigenicity of the canine ovary and suggest the
plausibility of an anti-zona pellucida vaccine for birth control in the bitch.
Descriptors: contraception, dogs, female, fertilization in
vitro, immune sera, oocytes, ovary, pronase, rabbits, sperm-ovum interactions,
zona pellucida
McLaughlin, K.C. and C.E. Hamner (1974). A demonstration of cat
seminal plasma antifertility activity. Proceedings of the Society for
Experimental Biology and Medicine 145(1): 103-106. ISSN: 0037-9727.
NAL Call Number: 442.9 So1
Descriptors: buffers, cats, centrifugation, fertilization,
heat, pregnancy, rabbits, analysis of semen, species specificity, sperm
capacitation, spermatozoa, time factors, trypsin inhibitors
Misk, N.A. and S.M. Seleim (1991). Castration in dogs (a comparative
study). Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal 26(51): 228-234. ISSN: 1012-5973.
NAL Call Number: SF604.A77
Descriptors: postoperative complications, veterinary
surgery, castration techniques, dogs
Note: Language of text: English; Summary in Arabic.
Okkens, A.C., J.E. Eigenmann, and G.C. vd Weyden (1981). Preventie
van loopsheid en/of dracht bij de hond door andere methoden dan ovario-hysterectomie.
[Prevention of oestrus and/or pregnancy in dogs by methods other than
ovariohysterectomy (author's transl)]. Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde
106(23): 1215-1225. ISSN: 0040-7453.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 T431
Abstract: The present paper is based on findings
reported in the literature and concerned with various possible methods of
preventing heat and/or pregnancy without resorting to ovariohysterectomy. The
drugs used to suppress and prevent oestrus, such as progestagens, testosterone
and 19-nortestosterone derivates, are reviewed, the mechanism of action, mode
of administration and advantages and disadvantages being discussed.
Progestagens are particularly found to affect the uterus (CEH) and mammary
glands (increased incidence of mammary tumours), and they may also induce
diabetes mellitus and acromegaly. On the other hand, the untoward side-effects
of 19-nortestosterone derivatives are found to be mainly due to their
androgenic action, resulting in enlargement of the clitoris, vaginitis, changes
of behaviour and masculinization of puppies when the drug is administered
during pregnancy. Subsequently, those mechanical and surgical procedures which
are less commonly employed, are discussed. The pros and cons of the various
methods and drugs as well as the possible causes of the difference in
gestagenic effect of a number of progestational agents are discussed in greater
detail.
Descriptors: contraception, contraceptive agents, dogs,
estrus, female, pregnancy, progestins, testosterone
Note: Language of text: Dutch; Summary in English.
Olson, P.N. and S.D.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: induced abortion, cats, contraceptive trends,
dogs, population control
Pittaway, D.E. (1983). Inhibition of testosterone synthesis in the
canine testis in vitro. Contraception 27(4): 431-436. ISSN: 0010-7824.
NAL Call Number: RG136.A1C6
Abstract: Testicular 17 beta-hydroxysteroid
oxidoreductase (17 beta-HOR) is one of the several enzymes necessary for the
synthesis of testosterone, but is not required for either glucocorticoid or
mineralocorticoid synthesis. Since specific inhibition of the testicular enzyme
has potential contraceptive and experimental uses, the inhibitory effect of
twenty steroids on 17 beta-HOR activity was examined in microsomal preparations
of canine testes. Six steroids inhibited testosterone formation, but only
4-estrene-3,17-dione (KI = 2.4 microM) and 5-androstene-3,17-dione (KI = 6.8
microM) had significant inhibitory activity. The data suggest the following
molecular characteristics necessary for competitive inhibition of 17 beta-HOR
activity: (a) requirement for 17-keto group, (b) relative requirement for
3-keto group, (c) decreased inhibition with unsaturation in position 5-6, and
(d) marked loss of inhibitory activity with 6 beta-, 11 beta- or 19- hydroxylation,
and A-ring aromatization.
Descriptors: 17 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, dogs, male,
contraceptive potential, testosterone, inhibition of testicular enzyme
Senn, R. (1981). Kastrierplattchen mit Spannbugel. [Castration device
with tension plate for cats]. Kleintier-Praxis 26(5): 307. ISSN: 0023-2076.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 K67
Descriptors: apparatus, techniques, surgical instruments,
castration, cats
Stolla, R. (1970). Ovulationshemmer in der Veterinärmedizin und in
der Tierzucht? [Contraceptives in veterinary medicine and breeding]. Munchener
Medizinische Wochenschrift 112(7): 305.
ISSN: 0027-2973.
Descriptors: breeding, cats, contraception, oral
contraceptives, dogs, estrus, female, pregnancy
Note: Language of text: German.
Volpe, P., B. Izzo, M. Russo, and L. Iannetti (2001). Intrauterine
device for contraception in dogs. The Veterinary Record 149(3):
77-79. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Abstract: A new intrauterine device for contraception
was tested on nine bitches. After it had been implanted, the bitches were mated
but none of them became pregnant. Over a two-year period no side effects were
observed, except in a bulldog bitch in which signs of oestrus persisted until
the device had been removed.
Descriptors: contraception, intrauterine devices, dogs
Von Berky, A.G. and W.L. Townsend (1993). The relationship between
the prevalence of uterine lesions and the use of medroxyprogesterone acetate
for canine population control. Australian Veterinary Journal 70(7): 249-250. ISSN: 0005-0423.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Au72
Abstract: The prevalence of uterine disease was
established during desexing of 175 bitches in the Torres Strait and
Descriptors: estrus postponement, medroxyprogesterone
acetate, uterine lesions, adverse effects, ovariectomy, dogs
Weissinger, J. and D. McRae (1991). FDA fast-tracking of pet
population control drugs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical
Association 198(7): 1231-1233. ISSN:
0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Abstract: Theriogenologists have been studying estrus
prevention and termination of pregnancy in dogs for at least 2 decades.
However, drugs approved for estrus suppression are few. No dog or cat
abortifacients or male dog and cat sterilants have been approved. Marketed drugs
with alternate indications that have antiestrus and antihormonal activity might
be good candidates for study after obtaining an INAD from FDA. With the support
of the original drug sponsor or manufacturer and appropriate safety and
effectiveness studies, these products may be studied for additional label
claims. New (not previously approved) drugs additionally need detailed
information regarding the synthesis and manufacturing controls. Drugs offering
substantial benefit over existing therapeutics may be eligible for expedited
review. Prior to starting any studies in this area, clinical investigators and
sponsors should communicate with FDA, an INAD must be granted, and the protocol
submitted for evaluation. Approvability is evaluated after establishment of
safety and effectiveness in clinical field trials.
Descriptors: abortifacient agents, cats, dogs, drug and
narcotic control, estrus, female, population control, United States Food and
Drug Administration
Wildt, D.E. and S.W. Seager (1977). Reproduction control in dogs.
The Veterinary Clinics of
NAL Call Number: SF601.V523
Descriptors: castration, contraception, contraceptive
devices, dogs, estrus, hysterectomy, immunization, megestrol, nandrolone,
ovulation, tubal sterilization, vasectomy