Arnould, J.P.Y., S.P. Luque, C. Guinet, D.P. Costa, J. Kingston, and S.A. Shaffer (2003). The comparative energetics and growth strategies of sympatric Antarctic and subantarctic fur seal pups at Iles Crozet. Journal of Experimental Biology 206(24): 4497-4506. ISSN: 0022-0949.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 B77
Descriptors: development, evolution and adaptation, metabolism, behavioral activity, body composition, climatic conditions, comparative energetics, foraging skills, growth strategies, infant growth strategies, maternal dependence, maternal provisioning, metabolic rate, physiological development, post weaning food availability, resource partitioning, sympatric species.
Baker, J.D. and M.J. Donohue (2000). Ontogeny of swimming and diving in northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78(1): 100-109. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: behavior, development, diving, ontogeny, sea surface temperature, swimming, thermoregulatory capacity, weaning, fur seal, pups.
Baranov, E.A., N.A. Malkina, L.I. Fedorova, T.A. Filimonova, and K.A. Shoshenko (1995). Blood composition of puppies of the seal Phoca sibirica during forced diving. Zhurnal Evolyutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii 31(1): 59-63. ISSN: 0044-4529.
Descriptors: blood, lymphatics, circulation, puppies, metabolism, respiratory system, Baikal seal, respiration, carbon dioxide, cholesterol, blood composition, glucose, glycogen, insulin, lactate, oxygen, pyruvate, triglyceride, forced diving.
Baranov, E.A., E.A. Petrov, and K.A. Shoshenko (1997). Oxygen deficit after long-term dives in the Baikalian seal Pusa sibirica and the problem of metabolic diving depression. Zhurnal Evolyutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii 33(4-5): 499-505. ISSN: 0044-4529.
Descriptors: Baikal seals, metabolism, glycolysis, long term dives, metabolic diving depression, oxygen consumption rate, oxygen deficit, oxygen demand.
Beck, C.A., W.D. Bowen, and S.J. Iverson (2003). Sex differences in the seasonal patterns of energy storage and expenditure in a Phocid seal. Journal of Animal Ecology 72(2): 280-291. ISSN: 0021-8790.
NAL Call Number: 410 J826
Descriptors: chemical coordination and homeostasis, evolution and adaptation, marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, annual cycles, body composition, body mass, energy expenditure, energy storage, benefits, costs, environmental uncertainty, fitness maximizing strategies, foraging ecology, individual variability, longitudinal changes, molting, reproduction, seasonal patterns, sex differences, total body energy, Phoci, seal.
Beck, C.A., W.D. Bowen, J.I. Mcmillan, and S.J. Iverson (2003). Sex differences in the diving behaviour of a size-dimorphic capital breeder: the grey seal. Animal Behaviour 66(4): 777-789. ISSN: 0003-3472.
NAL Call Number: 410 B77
Descriptors: behavior, biosynchronization, metabolism, reproduction, body energy accumulation, body size dimorphism, diurnal pattern, diving behavior, foraging behavior, lactation, mating, molting, parturition, pregnancy, seasonality, sex differences, grey seal.
Bekkby, T. and A. Bjorge (2000). Diving behaviour of harbour seal Phoca vitulina pups from nursing to independent feeding. Journal of Sea Research 44(3-4): 267-275. ISSN: 1385-1101.
Descriptors: behavior, development, radio telemetry, analytical method, age differences, dive duration, diving behavior, nursing, surface interval, weaning, harbour seal, Phoca.
Bekkby, T. and A. Bjorge (2003). Joint diving behaviour of harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) females and pups in the lactation period. Sarsia 88(6): 369-372. ISSN: 0036-4827.
Descriptors: behavior, marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, radio telemetry, applied and field techniques, diving behavior, lactation periods, females, pups, Phoca, harbour seals.
Bengtson, J.L. and B.S. Stewart (1997). Diving patterns of a Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossii) near the eastern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biology 18(3): 214-218. ISSN: 0722-4060.
NAL Call Number: QH301.P64
Descriptors: behavior, Ross seal, nutrition, antarctic krill, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctic region, diel light pattern, dive depth, diving pattern, predator, predator avoidance behavior, prey.
Boutilier, R.G., J.Z. Reed, and M.A. Fedak (2001). Unsteady-state gas exchange and storage in diving marine mammals: the harbor porpoise and gray seal. American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 281(2): R490-4. ISSN: 0363-6119.
Abstract: Breath-by-breath measurements of end-tidal O(2) and CO(2) concentrations in harbor porpoise reveal that the respiratory gas exchange ratio (R(R); CO(2) output/O(2) uptake) of the first lung ventilation in a breathing bout after a prolonged breath-hold is always well below the animal's metabolic respiratory quotient (RQ) of 0.85. Thus the longest apneic pauses are always followed by an initial breath having a very low R(R) (0.6-0.7), which thereafter increases with each subsequent breath to values in excess of 1.2. Although the O(2) stores of the body are fully readjusted after the first three to four breaths following a prolonged apneic pause, a further three to four ventilations are always needed, not to load more O(2) but to eliminate built-up levels of CO(2). The slower readjustment of CO(2) stores relates to their greater magnitude and to the fact that they must be mobilized from comparatively large and chemically complex HCO/CO(2) stores that are built up in the blood and tissues during the breath-hold. These data, and similar measurements on gray seals (12), indicate that it is the readjustment of metabolic RQ and not O(2) stores per se that governs the amount of time an animal must spend ventilating at the surface after a dive.
Descriptors: diving physiology, porpoises physiology, pulmonary gas exchange physiology, respiration, seals, earless physiology, oxygen metabolism, time factors.
Burns, J.M. and M.A. Castellini (1996). Physiological and behavioral determinants of the aerobic dive limit in Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) pups. Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 166(8): 473-483. ISSN: 0174-1578.
NAL Call Number: QP33.J681
Descriptors: behavior, development, physiology, diving, respiratory system, respiration, aerobic dive limit, diving physiology, lactate, pup, Weddell seal, body oxygen.
Burns, J.M. and J.W. Testa. (1997). Developmental changes and diurnal and seasonal influences on the diving behaviour of Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) pups. In: Antarctic communities: Species, Structure and Survival. Sixth Biological Symposium by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), May 30, 1994-June 3, 1994, Venice, Italy, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, England; New York, New York, USA, p. 328-334. ISBN: 0521480337.
Descriptors: diving behavior, developmental change, behavior, seasonal influence, diurnal influence, Weddell seal, pups.
Chechina, O.N., Y.V. Kovalenko, O.A. Kulagina, and A.A. Mikhailenko (2004). The development of locomotion in the Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus during early ontogenesis. Zhurnal Evolyutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii 40(1): 55-59. ISSN: 0044-4529.
Descriptors: Eumetopias jubatus, young development, early ontogenesis, locomotion, Steller sea lion, development process during early ontogenesis.
Chilvers, B.L., S. Delean, N.J. Gales, D.K. Holley, I.R. Lawler, H. Marsh, and A.R. Preen (2004). Diving behaviour of dugongs, Dugong dugon. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 304(2): 203-224. ISSN: 0022-0981.
Descriptors: behavior, marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, physiology, time depth recorders, field equipment, activity patterns, dive depth, dive duration, diving behavior, species distribution, dugong, diving.
Coltman, D.W., W.D. Bowen, S.J. Iverson, and D.J. Boness (1998). The energetics of male reproduction in an aquatically mating pinniped, the harbour seal. Physiological Zoology 71(4): 387-399. ISSN: 0031-935X.
NAL Call Number: 410 P56
Descriptors: metabolism, reproduction, isotope dilution, harbour seal, pinniped, male, aquatic mating, body composition, body mass, body size, breeding season, energy expenditure, energy intake, estrus, foraging, terrestrial mating.
Costa, D.P. and N.J. Gales (2003). Energetics of a benthic diver: seasonal foraging ecology of the Australian sea lion, Neophoca cinerea. Ecological Monographs 73(1): 27-43. ISSN: 0012-9615.
NAL Call Number: 470 EC72
Descriptors: behavior, bioenergetics. biochemistry and molecular biophysics, marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, metabolism, aerobic dive limits, benthic diver energetics, benthic foraging strategies, benthic habitats, breeding season, breeding site, diving behavior, field metabolic rate, foraging energetics, maintenance costs, mean dive depth, mean dive duration, mean surface intervals, prey behavior, prey distribution, regional oceanography, seasonal foraging ecology, sea lion.
Costa, D.P., N.J. Gales, and D.E. Crocker (1998). Blood volume and diving ability of the New Zealand seal lion, Phocarctos hookeri. Physiological Zoology 71(2): 208-213. ISSN: 0031-935X.
NAL Call Number: 410 P56
Descriptors: physiology, blood volume, diving ability, metabolic rate, oxygen storage, New Zealand sea lion.
Crocker, D.E., B.J. Le Boeuf, Y. Naito, T. Asaga and D.P. Costa (1994). Swim speed and dive function in a female northern elephant seal. In: Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behavior, and Physiology, University of California Press: Berkeley, California, USA; London, England, UK, p. 328-339. ISBN: 0520083644.
Descriptors: behavior, development, metabolism, swim speed, dive function, elephant seal, female, juvenile, velocity.
Davis, R.W., L.A. Fuiman, T.M. Williams, and B.J. Le Boeuf (2001). Three-dimensional movements and swimming activity of a northern elephant seal. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Molecular and Integrative Physiology 129A(4): 759-770. ISSN: 1095-6433.
NAL Call Number: QP1.C6
Descriptors: behavior, marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, dive duration, diving, diving depth, locomotion, swimming speed, three dimensional movement, elephant seal.
Eguchi, T. and J.T. Harvey (2005). Diving behavior of the Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) in Monterey Bay, California. Marine Mammal Science 21(2): 283-295. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: behavior, biogeography, population studies, harbour seal, diving, Monterey Bay, marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, body mass, California.
Elliott, N.M., R.D. Andrews, and D.R. Jones (2002). Pharmacological blockade of the dive response: effects on heart rate and diving behaviour in the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina). Journal of Experimental Biology 205(23): 3757-3765. ISSN: 0022-0949.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 B77
Descriptors: behavior, cardiovascular system, harbour seal, transport and circulation, metabolism, nervous system, neural coordination, pharmacology, respiratory system, respiration, bradycardia, heart disease, aerobic based metabolism, blood gas regulation, dive response, pharmacological blockade, diving behavior, heart rate, effects on heart rate.
Elsner, R., S. Oyasaeter, O.D. Saugstad, and B.A. Schytte (1995). Seal adaptations for long dives: recent studies of ischemia and oxygen radicals. Developments in Marine Biology 4: 371-376. ISSN: 0163-6995.
NAL Call Number: QH91.A1D49
Descriptors: cardiovascular system, circulation, respiratory system, respiration, urinary system, seal, bradycardia, cardiac output, diving asphyxia, kidney, oxygen conservation, vasoconstriction, ischemia, oxygen radicals, adaptations.
Notes: Meeting Information: Whales, seals, fish and man. International Symposium on the Biology of Marine Mammals in the North East Atlantic, Tromso, Norway, November 29-December 1, 1994.
Fish, F.E. (2000). Biomechanics and energetics in aquatic and semiaquatic mammals: platypus to whale. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 73(6): 683-98. ISSN: 1522-2152.
NAL Call Number: QL1.P52
Abstract: A variety of mammalian lineages have secondarily invaded the water. To locomote and thermoregulate in the aqueous medium, mammals developed a range of morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations. A distinct difference in the suite of adaptations, which affects energetics, is apparent between semiaquatic and fully aquatic mammals. Semiaquatic mammals swim by paddling, which is inefficient compared to the use of oscillating hydrofoils of aquatic mammals. Semiaquatic mammals swim at the water surface and experience a greater resistive force augmented by wave drag than submerged aquatic mammals. A dense, nonwettable fur insulates semiaquatic mammals, whereas aquatic mammals use a layer of blubber. The fur, while providing insulation and positive buoyancy, incurs a high energy demand for maintenance and limits diving depth. Blubber contours the body to reduce drag, is an energy reserve, and suffers no loss in buoyancy with depth. Despite the high energetic costs of a semiaquatic existence, these animals represent modern analogs of evolutionary intermediates between ancestral terrestrial mammals and their fully aquatic descendants. It is these intermediate animals that indicate which potential selection factors and mechanical constraints may have directed the evolution of more derived aquatic forms.
Descriptors: energy metabolism physiology, locomotion physiology, mammals physiology, biomechanics, body temperature regulation physiology, platypus physiology, swimming physiology, whales physiology.
Fish, F.E., J. Hurley, and D.P. Costa (2003). Maneuverability by the sea lion Zalophus californianus: Turning performance of an unstable body design. Journal of Experimental Biology 206(4): 667-674. ISSN: 0022-0949.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 B77
Descriptors: Zalophus californianus, biomechanics, swimming, maneuverability, turning performance.
Fuson, A.L., D.F. Cowan, S.B. Kanatous, L.K. Polasek, and R.W. Davis (2003). Adaptations to diving hypoxia in the heart, kidneys and splanchnic organs of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). Journal of Experimental Biology 206(22): 4139-4154. ISSN: 0022-0949.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 B77
Descriptors: Phoca vitulina, harbour seal, stomach, intestine, small intestine, liver, heart, asphyxia, kidney, evolutionary adaptation, diving hypoxia, adaptations, anaerobically, aquatic diving, gases, hypoxia.
Gjertz, I., K.M. Kovacs, C. Lydersen, and O. Wiig (2000). Movements and diving of bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) mothers and pups during lactation and post-weaning. Polar Biology 23(8): 559-566. ISSN: 0722-4060.
NAL Call Number: QH301.P64
Descriptors: behavior, development, bearded seal, satellite linked dive recorders, movements, diving, lactation period, pups, molting, nursing, post weaning, mothers.
Goulet, A.M., M.O. Hammill, and C. Barrette (2001). Movements and diving of grey seal females (Halichoerus grypus) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Polar Biology 24(6): 432-439. ISSN: 0722-4060.
NAL Call Number: QH301.P64
Descriptors: behavior, grey seals, diving, satellite telemetry, time depth recorders, dive depth, migration, females, blind, swimming movements, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada.
Greaves, D.K., J.F. Schreer, M.O. Hammill, and J.M. Burns (2005). Diving heart rate development in postnatal harbour seals, Phoca vitulina. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 78(1): 9-17. ISSN: 1522-2152.
NAL Call Number: QL1.P52
Descriptors: harbour seals, heart beat, postnatal, development, aquatic diving, diving heart rate, north Atlantic, Canada, Quebec, metis, St. Lawrence River, estuary, postnatal development of diving heart rate, bimodal, bradycardia, neonatal.
Halsey, L. (2002). Ultimate divers. Biologist (London) 49(4): 161-4. ISSN: 0006-3347.
NAL Call Number: 442.9 IN7
Abstract: An extraordinary variety of mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles are adapted to life in the oceans. Many of them spend their entire lives there without being able to breathe underwater. But just how do they exploit this hostile environment?
Descriptors: adaptation, physiological, birds physiology, diving physiology, respiration, whales physiology, evolution, oceans and seas.
Notes: Comment In: Biologist (London). 2002 Oct;49(5):192; author reply 192.
Harcourt, R.G., C.J.A. Bradshaw, and L.S. Davis (2001). Summer foraging behaviour of a generalist predator, the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri). Wildlife Research 28(6): 599-606. ISSN: 1035-3712.
NAL Call Number: S960.W5
Descriptors: behavior, dive behavior, foraging behavior, prey, composition, fur seals, lactating, New Zealand.
Hind, A.T. and W.S. Gurney (1997). The metabolic cost of swimming in marine homeotherms. Journal of Experimental Biology 200(3): 531-42. ISSN: 0022-0949.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 B77
Abstract: This paper describes a model of the metabolic cost of swimming in pinnipeds and its application to other marine homeotherms. The model takes account of both hydrodynamic and thermal processes. The thermal component incorporates both free and forced convection and takes account of the effect of hair on free convection. Using data from the literature to evaluate all but two of the parameters, we apply the model to metabolic rate data on phocid seals, otariids (sea lions), penguins and minke whales. We show that the model is able to reproduce two unusual features of the data; namely, a very rapid increase in metabolic rate at low velocities and an overall rise in metabolic rate with velocity which is slower than the rise in hydrodynamic drag force. The work shows the metabolic costs of propulsion and thermoregulation in a swimming homeotherm to be interlinked and suggests differing costs of propulsion for different modes of swimming. This is potentially of ecological significance since the swimming speed that minimises the cost of transport for an animal will change with changes in water temperature.
Descriptors: models, biological, swimming physiology, behavior, animal, energy metabolism, mammals.
Hindell, M.A. and M.A. Lea (1998). Heart rate, swimming speed, and estimated oxygen consumption of a free-ranging southern elephant seal. Physiological Zoology 71(1): 74-84. ISSN: 0031-935X.
NAL Call Number: 410 P56
Descriptors: physiology, diving behavior, heart rate, metabolic rate, oxygen consumption, swimming speed, elephant seal, dive depth, cardiac adjustments, resting heart rate.
Hindell, M.A., M.A. Lea, M.G. Morrice, and C.R. Macmahon (2000). Metabolic limits on dive duration and swimming speed in the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 73(6): 790-798. ISSN: 1522-2152.
NAL Call Number: QL1.P52
Descriptors: behavior, metabolism, elephant seals, body size, dive duration, metabolic rate, oxygen stores, swimming speed, dive depth, duration.
Hochachka, P.W., G.C. Liggins, G.P. Guyton, R.C. Schneider, K.S. Stanek, W.E. Hurford, R.K. Creasy, D.G. Zapol, and W.M. Zapol (1995). Hormonal regulatory adjustments during voluntary diving in Weddell seals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 112B(2): 361-375.
NAL Call Number: QP501.C6
Abstract: Subadult male Weddell seals were instrumented with microcomputer-based backpacks and were then monitored during voluntary diving and recovery periods in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Depth and duration of diving, swim speed, and dive pattern were routinely monitored. An indwelling venous catheter was used to collect plasma samples at various time periods before and following diving episodes, so that changes in plasma concentrations of hormones and of metabolites could be measured. Adrenergic and nitroxidergic regulatory effects were assessed indirectly by measuring concentration changes in catecholamine and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), respectively. The studies found that (i), except for dives of less than several minutes, epinephrine and norepinephrine both increased as a function of diving duration, then rapidly decreased during recovery (with a half time of about 10 min), (ii) that the changes in catecholamine concentrations correlated with splenic contraction and an increase in circulating red blood cell mass (hematocrit), (iii) that the changes in catecholamines, especially [epinephrine], were inversely related to insulin/glucagon ratios, which mediated a postdiving hyperglycemia, and (iv) that in long dives (but not short ones) the changes in catecholamines correlated with increasing reliance on anaerobic metabolism, indicated by increased plasma lactate concentrations. These diving-catecholamine relationships during voluntary diving at sea were similar to those observed during enforced submergence (simulated diving) under controlled laboratory conditions. At the end of diving, even while catecholamine concentrations were still high, many of the above effects were. rapidly reversed and the reversal appeared to correlate with accelerated nitric oxide production, indirectly indicated by increased plasma cGMP concentrations. Taken together, the data led to the hypothesis of important adrenergic regulation of the diving response in seals, with rapid reversal at the end of diving and during recovery being regulated by nitroxidergic mechanisms.
Descriptors: seals, males, diving, physiology, metabolism, catecholamines, regulation.
Hooker, S.K., P.J. Miller, M.P. Johnson, O.P. Cox, and I.L. Boyd (2005). Ascent exhalations of Antarctic fur seals: a behavioural adaptation for breath-hold diving? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 272(1561): 355-363. ISSN: 0962-8452.
Descriptors: Antarctic fur seals, buoyancy, thrusting effort, respiratory function, breath holding, exhale, pressure, depth, ascent, blood oxygen, aquatic diving, South Atlantic, South Georgia, ascent exhalations.
Horning, M. and F. Trillmich (1997). Ontogeny of diving behaviour in the Galapagos fur seal. Behaviour 134(15-16): 1211-1257. ISSN: 0005-7959.
NAL Call Number: 410 B393
Descriptors: behavior, dive depth, diving behavior, ontogeny, swim speed, fur seal, age, weaning, prey, body mass.
Hyvarinen, H., E. Hamalainen, and M. Kunnasranta (1995). Diving behavior of the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis Nordq.). Marine Mammal Science 11(3): 324-334. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: behavior, diving behavior, respiratory system, respiration, ringed seal, activity pattern, field method, radio telemetry.
Johnson, P., R. Elsner, and S.T. Zenteno (2004). Hypoxia-inducible factor in ringed seal (Phoca hispida) tissues. Free Radical Research 38(8): 847-854. ISSN: 1071-5762.
Descriptors: cardiovascular system, transport, circulation, metabolism, ringed seal, ischemia reperfusion injury, vascular disease, polymerase chain reaction, hypoxia, oxidative stress, protein oxidation.
Jorgensen, C., C. Lydersen, O. Brix, and K.M. Kovacs (2001). Diving development in nursing harbour seal pups. Journal of Experimental Biology 204(22): 3993-4004. ISSN: 0022-0949.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 B77
Descriptors: behavior, homeostasis, blood oxygen stores, bottom time, dive depth, dive duration, diving development, hematocrit, nursing, plasma volume, swimming velocity, harbour seals, pups.
Kelley, B.P. and D. Wartzok (1996). Ringed seal diving behavior in the breeding season. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74(8): 1547-1555. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: behavior, reproductive system, reproduction, light level, breeding season, diving behavior, ringed seals.
Kojeszewski, T.B. and F.E. Fish. (2003). Swimming of the Florida manatee: mechanics and efficiency of an aquatic grazer. SICB (Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology) Annual Meeting and Exhibition Final Program and Abstracts, January 4, 2003-January 4, 2003, Toronto, ON, Canada, Vol. 2003, p. 217-218.
Descriptors: behavior, manatee, movement, support, hydromechanical model, aquatic grazing, biomechanics, foraging, swimming, movement efficiency, oscillatory movement, propulsive efficiency, seasonal migration, kinematics, performance, velocity, Florida.
Kojeszewski, T.B. and F.E. Fish (2001). Kinematics of swimming in the Florida manatee. American Zoologist 41(6): 1495. ISSN: 0003-1569.
NAL Call Number: 410 AM3
Descriptors: behavior, muscular system, movement, support, skeletal system, manatee, body morphology, hydrodynamics, power output, propulsive efficiency, stroke frequency, swimming kinematics, undulation, meeting abstract, Lowry Park Zoo, Sea World.
Notes: Meeting Information: Annual Meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, Anaheim, California, USA, January 4, 2002.
Kooyman, G.L. (1972). Deep diving behaviour and effects of pressure in reptiles, birds, and mammals. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology 26: 295-311. ISSN: 0081-1386.
Descriptors: birds physiology, diving, mammals physiology, pressure, reptiles physiology, body weight, Cetacea, dolphins, hydrostatic pressure, nitrogen blood, Pinnipedia, turtles, water.
Luk'yanova, E.L. (1997). Structural transformations of brain capillary wall in the Baikal seal Pusa sibirica during diving. Zhurnal Evolyutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii 33(6): 662-669. ISSN: 0044-4529.
Descriptors: cardiovascular system, circulation, nervous system, Baikal seal, diving, electron microscopy, brain, capillary wall, aquatic environment, endothelial cells, structure.
Luk'yanova, E.L. (1994). The reaction of neocortical structures in the seal Pusa sibirica to prolonged diving. Zhurnal Evolyutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii 30(3): 392-400. ISSN: 0044-4529.
Descriptors: behavior, neocortical structures, neural coordination, brain reserve capacity, neurophysiology, seal, prolonged diving, neurones, glia, neocortex, changes.
Luk'yanova, E.L. (1994). Structural and functional changes in the neocortex of the Baikal seal during diving. Uspekhi Fiziologicheskikh Nauk 25(3): 86. ISSN: 0301-1798.
Descriptors: behavior, cell biology, nervous system, brain, glia, meeting abstract, neuron, reserve capacity, synapse, Baikal seal, diving, changes, structural, functional.
Notes: Meeting Information: Meeting of the Physiological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Luk'yanova, E.L. and V.P. Galantsev (1996). Structural changes in hepatocytes of the Baykal [Baikal] ringed seal Pusa sibirica at water dive. Zhurnal Evolyutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii 32(2): 223-225. ISSN: 0044-4529.
Descriptors: cell biology, liver cells, Baikal ringed seal, digestive system, hepatocyte, ultrastructure, water dive, structural changes.
Mccafferty, D.J., I.L. Boyd, and R.I. Taylor (1998). Diving behaviour of Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76(3): 513-520. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: behavior, dive depth, diving behavior, Antarctic fur seal, pups, South Georgia, weaned, prey.
McConnell, B., M. Fedak, H.R. Burton, G.H. Engelhard, and P.J.H. Reijnders (2002). Movements and foraging areas of naive, recently weaned southern elephant seal pups. Journal of Animal Ecology 71(1): 65-78. ISSN: 0021-8790.
NAL Call Number: 410 J826
Descriptors: behavior, movements, foraging, elephant seal pups, weaned, satellite telemetry, body composition, lactation, maternal investment, migration, survival, body composition.
Miller, N.J., C.B. Daniels, D.P. Costa, and S. Orgeig (2003). Coping with pressure: surfactant secretion from pinniped alveolar type II cells at depth. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Molecular and Integrative Physiology 134A(Suppl. 1): S117. ISSN: 1095-6433.
NAL Call Number: QP1.C6
Descriptors: evolution, adaptation, respiratory system, respiration, chemical stimuli, deep diving pressure, functional adaptation, mechanical pressure stimuli, modifies cellular processes, pinniped, surfactant, secretion, cells.
Notes: Meeting Information: Sixth International Congress of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, Mt Buller, Australia, February 2-7, 2003.
Milsom, B. (2000). Breathless--by choice. Biologist (London) 47(5): 239-42. ISSN: 0006-3347.
NAL Call Number: 442.9 IN7
Abstract: During diving, hibernation and sleep, powerful inhibitory inputs act to produce breath holding and are periodically lifted to allow the expression of an intense drive to breathe. Many animals that do this also possess adaptations designed to prolong the periods of breath holding and shorten the periods of breathing.
Descriptors: birds physiology, oxygen consumption physiology, respiration, seals, earless physiology, whales physiology, diving physiology, hemoglobins physiology, hibernation physiology, sleep physiology.
Mitani, Y., Y. Watanabe, K. Sato, M.F. Cameron, and Y. Naito (2004). 3D diving behavior of Weddell seals with respect to prey accessibility and abundance. Marine Ecology Progress Series 281: 275-281. ISSN: 0171-8630.
NAL Call Number: QH541.5.S3M32
Descriptors: Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, food availability, prey accessibility, abundance, foraging, aquatic diving, Antarctic Ocean, Antarctica, Ross Island, Mcmurdo Sound, 3D diving behavior, dive paths, breathing holes, foraging.
Moss, J.M. and M.A. Castellini (1996). Determining the aerobic dive limit in Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) pups: a comparison of current methods. FASEB Journal 10(3): A297. ISSN: 0892-6638.
NAL Call Number: QH301.F3
Descriptors: dive limit, metabolism, dive duration, lactate, Weddell seal, pups, aerobic limit, meeting abstract, metabolic rate, total body oxygen store.
Notes: Meeting Information: Experimental Biology 95, Washington, D.C., USA, April 14-17, 1996.
Ochoa Acuna, H. (1999). Energetics of Northern Phocid Seals: The Influence of Seasonality on Food Intake and Energy Expenditure. Dissertation, University of Florida: 107 p.
Descriptors: harp seal, food, harbour seal, ringed seal.
Notes: Thesis (Ph.D.). University of Florida, 1999.
Ploetz, J., H. Bornemann, H.G. Klein and U. Welsch (1995). The Weddell seal: a diving specialist in the deep antarctic? In: Biologie Der Polarmeere: Erlebnisse Und Ergebnisse. [Biology of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans: Adventures and Results], Gustav Fischer Verlag: Jena, Germany; New York, New York, USA, p. 322-331. ISBN: 3334609502.
Descriptors: behavior, marine ecology, Weddell seal, nutrition, diving, distribution, diving capacity, diving duration, Antarctic, hunting, seasonality.
Sato, K., Y. Mitani, M.F. Cameron, D.B. Siniff, Y. Watanabe, and Y. Naito (2002). Deep foraging dives in relation to the energy depletion of Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) mothers during lactation. Polar Biology 25(9): 696-702. ISSN: 0722-4060.
NAL Call Number: QH301.P64
Descriptors: behavior, reproduction, deep foraging dives, Weddell seal, mothers, diving behavior, energy depletion, lactation, temperature, water depth, body size.
Thornton, S.J. and P.W. Hochachka (2004). Oxygen and the diving seal. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine 31(1): 81-95. ISSN: 1066-2936.
Descriptors: cardiovascular system, transport, circulation, respiratory system, respiration, bradycardia, oxygen, diving, seal, heart disease, diving adaptations, morphology, peripheral vasoconstriction.
Thornton, S.J., D.M. Spielman, N.J. Pelc, W.F. Block, D.E. Crocker, D.P. Costa, B.J. Le Boeuf, and P.W. Hochachka (2001). Effects of forced diving on the spleen and hepatic sinus in northern elephant seal pups. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98(16): 9413-9418. ISSN: 0027-8424.
NAL Call Number: 500 N21P
Descriptors: blood, lymphatics, transport, circulation, elephant seal, pups, spleen, diving, effects, hepatic sinus, magnetic resonance imaging, forced diving, hematocrit.
Thorson, P.H. and B.J. Le Boeuf (1994). Developmental aspects of diving in northern elephant seal pups. In: Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behavior, and Physiology, University of California Press: Berkeley, California, USA; London, England, UK, p. 271-289. ISBN: 0520083644.
Descriptors: development, metabolism, physiology, respiratory system, northern elephant seal, pups, respiration, diving, blood volume, juvenile, metabolic rate, oxygen storage.
Whiting, S.D. (2002). Dive times for foraging dugongs in the Northern Territory. Australian Mammalogy 23(2): 167-168. ISSN: 0310-0049.
Descriptors: dugongs, Dugong dugon, foraging, aquatic diving, South Pacific, Australia, foraging dive times.
Williams, T.M., R.W. Davis, L.A. Fuiman, J. Francis, B.J. Le Boeuf, M. Horning, J. Calambokidis, and D.A. Croll (2000). Sink or swim: strategies for cost-efficient diving by marine mammals. Science 288(5463): 133-6. ISSN: 0036-8075.
NAL Call Number: 470 Sci2
Abstract: Locomotor activity by diving marine mammals is accomplished while breath-holding and often exceeds predicted aerobic capacities. Video sequences of freely diving seals and whales wearing submersible cameras reveal a behavioral strategy that improves energetic efficiency in these animals. Prolonged gliding (greater than 78% descent duration) occurred during dives exceeding 80 meters in depth. Gliding was attributed to buoyancy changes with lung compression at depth. By modifying locomotor patterns to take advantage of these physical changes, Weddell seals realized a 9.2 to 59.6% reduction in diving energetic costs. This energy-conserving strategy allows marine mammals to increase aerobic dive duration and achieve remarkable depths despite limited oxygen availability when submerged.
Descriptors: diving physiology, dolphins physiology, oxygen consumption, seals, earless physiology, swimming physiology, whales physiology, energy metabolism, hydrostatic pressure, lung physiology, lung volume measurements, video recording.
Notes: Comment In: Science. 2000 Apr 7;288(5463):83-5.
Williams, T.M. (2001). Intermittent swimming by mammals: a strategy for increasing energetic efficiency during diving. American Zoologist 41(2): 166-176. ISSN: 0003-1569.
NAL Call Number: 410 AM3
Descriptors: Leptonychotes weddellii, Mirounga angustirostris, Tursiops truncatus, energy budget, diving, energetic efficiency strategy.
Williams, T.M., L.A. Fuiman, M. Horning, and R.W. Davis (2004). The cost of foraging by a marine predator, the Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddellii: pricing by the stroke. Journal of Experimental Biology 207(6): 973-982. ISSN: 0022-0949.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 B77
Descriptors: Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddellii, oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, foraging, foraging dive, aquatic diving, Antarctic Ocean, Antarctica, energetic cost, foraging, non foraging dives.
Zenteno, S.T. and R. Elsner (2000). Differential oxidative stress in ringed seal tissues. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 29(Suppl. 1): S139. ISSN: 0891-5849.
NAL Call Number: QP527.F7
Descriptors: ringed seal, metabolism, blood flow, cardiac output, diving, oxidative stress, meeting abstract.
Notes: Meeting Information: 7th Annual Meeting of the Oxygen Society, San Diego, CA, USA, November 16-20, 2000.