Anderson, P.K. and B.R. Alastair (1984). Observations on the behavior and ecology of dugongs on the coast of Queensland. National Geographic Society Research Reports 16: 37-42. ISSN: 0077-4626.
Descriptors: dugong, biology, ecology, behavior, Australia.
Baker, J.D. and T.C. Johanos (2002). Effects of research handling on the endangered Hawaiian monk seal. Marine Mammal Science 18(2): 500-512. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: wildlife management, conservation, blood sampling, sampling method, flipper tagging, field method, telemetry instrumentation, field equipment, body condition, migration, research handling effects, survival, Hawaiian monk seal.
Bengtson, J.L. and B.S. Stewart (1997). Diving patterns of a Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossii) near the eastern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biology 18(3): 214-218. ISSN: 0722-4060.
NAL Call Number: QH301.P64
Descriptors: behavior, Ross seal, nutrition, antarctic krill, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctic region, diel light pattern, dive depth, diving pattern, predator, predator avoidance behavior, prey.
Bodkin, J.L., G.G. Esslinger, and D.H. Monson (2004). Foraging depths of sea otters and implications to coastal marine communities. Marine Mammal Science 20(2): 305-321. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: Enhydra lutris, sea otter, prey, invertebrata, foraging, implications, impact on coastal marine communities, diving, foraging depths, impact on habitat, north Pacific, USA, Alaska, impact on coastal marine communities.
Boily, P. (1995). Theoretical heat flux in water and habitat selection of phocid seals and beluga whales during the annual molt. Journal of Theoretical Biology 172(3): 235-244. ISSN: 0022-5193.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 J8223
Abstract: The heat flux of marine mammals in water during the annual molt is estimated with theoretical calculations. The model is applied to typical small (the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina) and large (the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina) phocid seal and to the only cetacean known to molt annually, the beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas). The results suggest that phocid seals could tolerate the heat flux associated with molting in water, but at a high energetic cost and only in relatively warm water temperatures, which are unlikely to be encountered. This agrees with the view that phocid seals must become terrestrial during the molt to satisfy the thermal requirements of their epidermis. The results also suggest that belugas would be able to molt in water, and would be thermoneutral while molting in water temperatures of 5 degree C or higher. Movement into warm water estuaries during the molt would, however, allow them either to save energy or to molt more rapidly than if they stayed in colder open waters. While there is apparently some thermal benefit associated with fresh water compared to salt water, this would occur only under conditions that are unlikely to be encountered by belugas in the wild.
Descriptors: estuarine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, integumentary system, chemical coordination and homeostasis, physiology, epidermis, thermoregulation.
Boren, L.J., N.J. Gemmell, and K.J. Barton (2002). Tourist disturbance on New Zealand fur seals Arctocephalus forsteri. Australian Mammalogy 24(1): 85-95. ISSN: 0310-0049.
Descriptors: Arctocephalus forsteri, fur seals, tourist disturbance, behavioral impact survey, implications, management guidelines, eco tourism management, South Pacific, New Zealand, tourism impact on behavior.
Born, E.W., M. Acquarone, L.O. Knutsen, and L. Toudal (2005). Homing behaviour in an Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus). Aquatic Mammals 31(1): 23-33. ISSN: 0167-5427.
Descriptors: behavior, biogeography, population studies, marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, satellite telemetry, applied and field techniques, homing behavior, walrus, Atlantic, Odobenus.
Bornemann, H., J. Ploetz, S. Ramdohr, and L. Sellmann (1998). Southern elephant seal migration and Antarctic sea ice. Berichte Zur Polarforschung (299): 168-173. ISSN: 0176-5027.
Descriptors: southern elephant seal, Antarctic ice, sea ice, body condition, breeding sites, foraging, weaning.
Burns, J.M., D.P. Costa, M.A. Fedak, and D. Crocker (2002). Linking seal foraging locations with oceanographic features in ice-covered waters: an example from crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus) diving in winter along the Antarctic Peninsula. Arctic Science Conference Abstracts 53: 72.
Descriptors: behavior, climatology, environmental sciences, marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, remote sensing, wildlife tagging, applied and field techniques, behavioral patterns, diving patterns, environmental parameters, foraging activities, foraging locations, ice covered waters, movement patterns, ocean bathymetry, ocean temperature, oceanographic features, sea ice, coverage, extent, thermocline, wintertime foraging ecology, seals, diving, Antarctic.
Notes: Meeting Information: 53rd Arctic Science Conference, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, September 18-21, 2002.
Burns, J.M. and J.F. Schreer (1998). The effects of age and condition on the behavioral repertoire of diving Weddell seal pups. FASEB Journal 12(4): A333. ISSN: 0892-6638.
NAL Call Number: QH301.F3
Descriptors: behavior, age effects, behavioral repertoire, condition effects, Weddell seal, pups, diving, meeting abstract.
Notes: Meeting Information: Annual Meeting of the Professional Research Scientists on Experimental Biology 98, Part 1, San Francisco, California, USA, April 18-22, 1998.
Cassini, M.H. (2001). Behavioural responses of South American fur seals to approach by tourists--a brief report. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 71(4): 341-346. ISSN: 0168-1591.
NAL Call Number: QL750.A6
Descriptors: seals, colonies, animal behavior, nature tourism, tourists, visitor behavior, group size, attitudes, tourism impact, Uruguay, Arctocephalus australis, ecotourism, approach distance.
Caudron, A. (1998). Behavioural plasticity in function of the breeding environment in a marine mammal, the grey seal Halichoerus grypus. Cahiers D'Ethologie Fondamentale Et Appliquee, Animale Et Humaine (Belgium) 18(3-4): 299-550. ISSN: 0778-7103.
Descriptors: behavior, population studies, activity budget, behavioral plasticity, breeding habitat, ecological conditions, habitat adaptation, behavior, grey seal.
Caudron, A.K. (1997). The structure and behavior of the grey seal Halichoerus grypus breeding group of the Dutch Wadden Sea. Ambio 26(6): 404. ISSN: 0044-7447.
NAL Call Number: QH540.A52
Descriptors: population studies, behavior, breeding group structure, note, grey seal, reproduction, breeding.
Chilvers, B.L., S. Delean, N.J. Gales, D.K. Holley, I.R. Lawler, H. Marsh, and A.R. Preen (2004). Diving behaviour of dugongs, Dugong dugon. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 304(2): 203-224. ISSN: 0022-0981.
Descriptors: behavior, marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, physiology, time depth recorders, field equipment, activity patterns, dive depth, dive duration, diving behavior, species distribution, dugong, diving.
Cox, M., E. Gaglione, P. Prowten, and M. Noonan (1996). Food preferences communicated via symbol discrimination by a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Aquatic Mammals 22(1): 3-10. ISSN: 0167-5427.
Descriptors: behavior, communication, nutrition, California sea lion, food preferences, nutrition, operant conditioning, symbol discrimination, enrichment.
Deecke, V.B., P.J.B. Slater, and J.K.B. Ford (2002). Selective habituation shapes acoustic predator recognition in harbour seals. Nature (London) 420(6912): 171-173. ISSN: 0028-0836.
NAL Call Number: 472 N21
Descriptors: Phoca vitulina, learning, selective habituation, mammalian predators, Orcinus orca, north Pacific, predator recognition using predator underwater calls, effect of selective habituation.
Dehnhardt, G. and G. Duecker (1996). Tactual discrimination of size and shape by a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Animal Learning and Behavior 24(4): 366-374. ISSN: 0090-4996.
NAL Call Number: QL785.A725
Descriptors: behavior, nervous system, sense organs, sensory reception, behavior, California sea lion, mystacial vibrissae, neural coordination, sensory system, shape, size, tactual discrimination.
Delfour, F. and K. Marten (2001). Mirror image processing in three marine mammal species: Killer whales (Orcinus orca), false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) and California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Behavioural Processes 53(3): 181-190. ISSN: 0376-6357.
Descriptors: Zalophus californianus, Orcinus orca, Pseudorca crassidens, intelligence, cognitive abilities, species recognition, self recognition, mirror image processing, behavior.
Doroff, A.M. and J.L. Bodkin (1994). Sea otter foraging behavior and hydrocarbon levels in prey. In: Marine Mammals and the Exxon Valdez, Academic Press, Inc.: San Diego, California, USA; London, England, UK, p. 193-208. ISBN: 0124561608.
Descriptors: behavior, marine ecology, feeding, nutrition, pollution assessment, control, sea otter, toxicology, Exxon Valdez oil spill.
Eguchi, T. and J.T. Harvey (2005). Diving behavior of the Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) in Monterey Bay, California. Marine Mammal Science 21(2): 283-295. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: behavior, biogeography, population studies, harbour seal, diving, Monterey Bay, marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, body mass, California.
Falabella, V. and C. Campagna (1999). Behaviour of southern elephant seal weanlings during the post-weaning fast in Patagonia. Mammalia 63(3): 257-272. ISSN: 0025-1461.
NAL Call Number: 410 M31
Descriptors: behavior, activity pattern, post weaning fast, resting, elephant seal, weanlings, Patagonia, Peninsula Valdes, Argentina, lactation.
Feldman, H.N. and K.M. Parrott (1996). Grooming in a captive Guadalupe fur seal. Marine Mammal Science 12(1): 147-153. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: behavior, integumentary system, physiology, grooming, fur seal, hair, thermoregulation, captive.
Gazo, M. and A. Aguilar (2005). Maternal attendance and diving behavior of a lactating Mediterranean monk seal. Marine Mammal Science 21(2): 340-345. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: behavior, diving, monk seal, lactating, maternal, behavior, energy requirement, foraging, lactation period, diving behavior, maternal attendance.
Gelatt, T.S., D.B. Siniff, and J.A. Estes (2002). Activity patterns and time budgets of the declining sea otter population at Amchitka Island, Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management 66(1): 29-39. ISSN: 0022-541X.
NAL Call Number: 410 J827
Descriptors: behavior, sea otter, population, activity patterns, radiotelemetry, monitoring method, age differences, conservation biology, diel variation, foraging behavior, haulout, local sea conditions, population declines, prey selection, seasonal changes, sex differences, time budgets, weather conditions, Alaska.
Gentry, R.L. (1998). Behavior and Ecology of the Northern Fur Seal, Princeton University Press: Princeton, N.J., 392 p. ISBN: 0691033455.
NAL Call Number: QL737.P63G45 1998
Descriptors: northern fur seal behavior, sexual behavior in animals, parental behavior in animals.
Gjertz, I., K.M. Kovacs, C. Lydersen, and O. Wiig (2000). Movements and diving of bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) mothers and pups during lactation and post-weaning. Polar Biology 23(8): 559-566. ISSN: 0722-4060.
NAL Call Number: QH301.P64
Descriptors: behavior, development, bearded seal, satellite linked dive recorders, movements, diving, lactation period, pups, molting, nursing, post weaning, mothers.
Goulet, A.M., M.O. Hammill, and C. Barrette (2001). Movements and diving of grey seal females (Halichoerus grypus) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Polar Biology 24(6): 432-439. ISSN: 0722-4060.
NAL Call Number: QH301.P64
Descriptors: behavior, grey seals, diving, satellite telemetry, time depth recorders, dive depth, migration, females, blind, swimming movements, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada.
Grindrod, J.A.E. and J.A. Cleaver (2001). Environmental enrichment reduces the performance of stereotypic circling behaviour in captive common seals (Phoca vitulina). Animal Welfare 10(1): 53-63. ISSN: 0962-7286.
NAL Call Number: HV4701.A557
Descriptors: seals, zoo animals, animal behavior, enrichment, abnormal behavior, animal feeding, stimulation, feeding behavior, stereotypies, fish pull.
Harcourt, R.G., C.J.A. Bradshaw, and L.S. Davis (2001). Summer foraging behaviour of a generalist predator, the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri). Wildlife Research 28(6): 599-606. ISSN: 1035-3712.
NAL Call Number: S960.W5
Descriptors: behavior, dive behavior, foraging behavior, prey, composition, fur seals, lactating, New Zealand.
Hayes, S.A., A. Kumar, D.P. Costa, D.K. Mellinger, J.T. Harvey, B.L. Southall, and B.J. Le Boeuf (2004). Evaluating the function of the male harbour seal, Phoca vitulina, roar through playback experiments. Animal Behaviour 67(6): 1133-1139. ISSN: 0003-3472.
NAL Call Number: 410 B77
Descriptors: behavior, communication, sensory reception, underwater speaker, male harbour seals, acoustic stimuli, breeding season, intruders, playback experiments, roars, vocalizations.
Hayward, J.L. (2003). Sexual aggression by a male northern elephant seal on harbor seal pups in Washington. Northwestern Naturalist 84(3): 148-150. ISSN: 1051-1733.
NAL Call Number: QL671.M8
Descriptors: Mirounga angustirostris, aggressive behavior, Washington, northern elephant seal, sexual aggression, msle, interactions, Phoca vitulina, harbour seal.
Hiruki, L.M., M.K. Schwartz, and P.L. Boveng (1999). Hunting and social behaviour of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Journal of Zoology (London) 249(1): 97-109. ISSN: 0952-8369.
Descriptors: behavior, hunting, predation, social behavior, leopard seals, prey, fur seals, penguins, hunting styles, Antarctica.
Horning, M. and F. Trillmich (1997). Ontogeny of diving behaviour in the Galapagos fur seal. Behaviour 134(15-16): 1211-1257. ISSN: 0005-7959.
NAL Call Number: 410 B393
Descriptors: behavior, dive depth, diving behavior, ontogeny, swim speed, fur seal, age, weaning, prey, body mass.
Hyvarinen, H., E. Hamalainen, and M. Kunnasranta (1995). Diving behavior of the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis Nordq.). Marine Mammal Science 11(3): 324-334. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: behavior, diving behavior, respiratory system, respiration, ringed seal, activity pattern, field method, radio telemetry.
Insley, S.J. (2000). Long-term vocal recognition in the northern fur seal. Nature (London) 406(6794): 404-405. ISSN: 0028-0836.
NAL Call Number: 472 N21
Descriptors: behavior, animal social behavior, breeding, mate choice, mate fidelity, vocal recognition, long term, fur seal, mother, offspring, vocalizations.
Jacobs, S.R. and J.M. Terhune (2002). The effectiveness of acoustic harassment devices in the Bay of Fundy, Canada: seal reactions and a noise exposure model. Aquatic Mammals 28(2): 147-158. ISSN: 0167-5427.
Descriptors: pest assessment control, management, wildlife management, acoustic harassment device, AHD, behavioral reactions, cage aquaculture, fisheries management, haulout sites, noise exposure, pain thresholds, sound pressure levels, sound transmission, underwater noise, salmon, harbour seals.
Kastelein, R.A., H.J. Groenenberg, and P.R. Wiepkema (1995). Detailed observations of suckling behaviour of a grey seal Halichoerus grypus at Harderwijk Marine Mammal Park. International Zoo Yearbook 34(0): 186-200. ISSN: 0074-9664.
NAL Call Number: QL76.I5
Descriptors: behavior, development, nutrition, grey seal, maternal food intake, mother pup interaction, pup development, suckling behavior, release.
Kastelein, R.A., J. Postma, T. Van Rossum, and P.R. Wiepkema (1996). Drinking speed of Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) pups. Aquatic Mammals 22(1): 21-26. ISSN: 0167-5427.
Descriptors: development, nutrition, walrus, age, behavior, drinking speed, formula portion size, formula temperature, ingestion, juvenile, satiation, suckling, pups.
Kelley, B.P. and D. Wartzok (1996). Ringed seal diving behavior in the breeding season. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74(8): 1547-1555. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: behavior, reproductive system, reproduction, light level, breeding season, diving behavior, ringed seals.
Koschinski, S., B.M. Culik, O.D. Henriksen, N. Tregenza, G. Ellis, C. Jansen, and G. Kathe (2003). Behavioural reactions of free-ranging porpoises and seals to the noise of a simulated 2 MW windpower generator. Marine Ecology Progress Series 265: 263-273. ISSN: 0171-8630.
NAL Call Number: QH541.5.S3M32
Abstract: Operational underwater noise emitted at 8 m s-1 by a 550 kW WindWorld wind-turbine was recorded from the sea and modified to simulate a 2 MW wind-turbine. The sound was replayed from an audio CD through a car CD-player and a J-13 transducer. The maximum sound energy was emitted between 30 and 800 Hz with peak source levels of 128 dB (re 1 [mu]Pa2 Hz-1 at 1 m) at 80 and 160 Hz (1/3-octave centre frequencies). This simulated 2 MW wind-turbine noise was played back on calm days (<1 Beaufort) to free-ranging harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena and harbour seals Phoca vitulina in Fortune Channel, Vancouver Island, Canada. Swimming tracks of porpoises and surfacings of seals were recorded with an electronic theodolite situated on a clifftop 14 m above sea level. Echolocation activity of harbour porpoises close to the sound source was recorded simultaneously via an electronic click detector placed below the transducer. In total we tracked 375 porpoise groups and 157 seals during play-back experiments, and 380 porpoise groups and 141 surfacing seals during controls. Both species showed a distinct reaction to wind-turbine noise. Surfacings in harbour seals were recorded at larger distances from the sound source (median = 284 vs 239 m during controls; p = 0.008, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) and closest approaches increased from a median of 120 to 182 m (p < 0.001) in harbour porpoises. Furthermore, the number of time intervals during which porpoise echolocation clicks were detected increased by a factor of 2 when the sound source was active (19.6 % of all 1 min intervals as opposed to 8.4% of all intervals during controls; p < 0.001).These results show that harbour porpoises and harbour seals are able to detect the low-frequency sound generated by offshore wind-turbines. Controlled exposure experiments such as the one described here are a first step to assess the impact on marine mammals of the new offshore wind-turbine industry.
Descriptors: Phoca vitulina industry, distribution within habitat, sound, wind turbine noise, north Pacific, Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island, wind turbine noise effects.
Kovacs, K., C. Lydersen, and M. Hammill (1996). Scientific correspondence: grey seal cannibalism. Marine Mammal Science 12(1): 161. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: behavior, nutrition, predation, scavenging, grey seal, cannibalism.
Lander, M.E., J.T. Harvey, K.D. Hanni, and L.E. Morgan (2002). Behavior, movements, and apparent survival of rehabilitated and free-ranging harbor seal pups. Journal of Wildlife Management 66(1): 19-28. ISSN: 0022-541X.
NAL Call Number: 410 J827
Descriptors: behavior, wildlife management, conservation, radiotelemetry, harbour seals, pups, monitoring method, activity patterns, dispersal, diving behavior, individual movements, post release survival, wildlife rehabilitation.
Langman, V.A., M. Rowe, D. Forthman, B. Whitton, N. Langman, T. Roberts, K. Huston, C. Boling, and D. Maloney (1996). Thermal assessment of zoological exhibits. 1. Sea lion enclosure at the Audubon Zoo. Zoo Biology 15(4): 403-411. ISSN: 0733-3188.
NAL Call Number: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: physiology, thermal assessment, exhibits, sea lion, animal care, captive habitat design, longwave, radiation, shortwave, zoological exhibit, heat load, materials, thermal properties.
Le Boeuf, B.J. and D.E. Crocker (2005). Ocean climate and seal condition. BMC Biology 3(9): 1-10. ISSN: 1741-7007.
Descriptors: elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris, weight, weaning weight of young, food availability, feeding rate, foraging, climate and weather, temperature, seal condition, north Pacific, California, ocean climate, female foraging success, weaning mass of young, long term study.
Levermann, N., A. Galatius, G. Ehlme, S. Rysgaard, and E.W. Born (2003). Feeding behaviour of free-ranging walruses with notes on apparent dextrality of flipper use. BMC Ecology 3(9) ISSN: 1472-6785.
Descriptors: walrus, Odobenus rosmarus, size, asymmetry, forelimb skeleton, foraging, feeding behavior, dextrality of flipper use, removing sediment, flipper.
Littnan, C.L., J.D. Baker, F.A. Parrish, and G.J. Marshall (2004). Effects of video camera attachment on the foraging behavior of immature Hawaiian monk seals. Marine Mammal Science 20(2): 345-352. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: Hawaiian monk seal, Monachus schauinslandi, feeding analysis techniques, photographic techniques, video recording, camera attachment effects on foraging behavior, foraging, aquatic diving, north Pacific, Hawaii.
Littnan, C.N. and J.P.Y. Arnould (2002). At-sea movements of female Australian fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus. Australian Mammalogy 24(1): 65-72. ISSN: 0310-0049.
Descriptors: Australian fur seals, Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus, foraging, foraging trips, at sea movements, characteristics, females, south Pacific, Australia, at sea foraging movements, satellite tracking study.
Long, D.J. and L. Gilbert (1997). California sea lion predation on chicks of the common murre. Journal of Field Ornithology 68(1): 152-154. ISSN: 0273-8570.
NAL Call Number: 413.8 B534
Descriptors: behavior, nutrition, California sea lion, chick, seabirds, murre, predation, predator, prey, west coast, California, field observations.
Lyamin, O.I., L.M. Mukhametov, and J.M. Siegel (2004). Relationship between sleep and eye state in Cetaceans and Pinnipeds. Archives Italiennes De Biologie 142(4): 557-68. ISSN: 0003-9829.
Abstract: We recorded EEG from both hemispheres and documented the state of the two eyes in two species of Cetaceans (one beluga and one bottlenose dolphin) and one species of Pinnipeds (two northern fur seals). In the dolphin and beluga we found that episodes of unihemispheric slow wave sleep (USWS) were associated with asymmetry in eye state. During USWS and asymmetrical SWS the eye contralateral to the sleeping hemisphere was mostly closed or in an intermediate state while the eye contralateral to the waking hemisphere was more often open or in an intermediate state. Bilateral eye opening indicated waking in about 80% cases and unilateral eye closure indicated USWS with an accuracy of about 75%. Bilateral eye closure was rare (< 2% of the observation time) and was not necessarily associated with high amplitude SWS. In fur seals, episodes of one eye briefly opening usually occurred in the beginning of sleep episodes and lasted several minutes. Those episodes were frequently associated with lower amplitude EEG slow waves in the contralateral brain hemisphere. During most of their sleep on land, fur seals had both eyes tightly closed. No EEG asymmetry was recorded at this time. Although eye state and EEG stage are correlated in the bottlenose dolphin, beluga and fur seals, short episodes of EEG synchrony (less then 1 min) occur contralateral to an open eye and waking (a more activated EEG) activity can be present contralateral to a closed eye. The available data suggest that two functions of USWS/EEG asymmetry during SWS in Cetaceans and fur seals are multisensory control of the environment and maintenance of motion and postures of sleep. The adaptive advantages of USWS throughout the evolution of Cetaceans and Pinnipeds from terrestrial mammals to present forms could include 1) the avoidance of predators and maintenance of contact with other animals of the same species; 2) continuance of regular breathing; 3) and effective thermoregulation in the water environment.
Descriptors: cerebral cortex physiology, Cetacea physiology, ocular physiology, Pinnipedia physiology, sleep physiology, wakefulness physiology, adaptation, physiological physiology, behavior, animal physiology, electroencephalography, eyelids physiology, laterality physiology, photic stimulation, time factors, vision physiology, visual pathways physiology, visual perception physiology.
Maehr, C.B. (2004). Unusual predatory behavior of a southern sea otter. California Fish and Game 90(1): 48-50. ISSN: 0008-1078.
NAL Call Number: 410 C12
Descriptors: behavior, predatory behavior, surplus killing, southern sea otter.
Mallory, M.L., K. Wo, A.J. Gaston, W.E. Davies, and P. Mineau (2004). Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) predation on adult thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) at Coats Island, Nunavut, Canada. Polar Research 23(1): 111-114. ISSN: 0800-0395.
Descriptors: behavior, walrus, foraging, predation, thick-billed murres, adult, Canada, consuming.
Marshall, C.D., G.D. Huth, V.M. Edmonds, D.L. Halin, and R.L. Reep (1998). Prehensile use of perioral bristles during feeding and associated behaviors of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Marine Mammal Science 14(2): 274-289. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: behavior, feeding, prehensile use, bristle use, snout, manatee, lips, perioral, social interactions, sensory system, motor system, herbivores.
Mauck, B. and G. Dehnhardt (1997). Mental rotation in a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Journal of Experimental Biology 200(9): 1309-1316. ISSN: 0022-0949.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 B77
Descriptors: nervous system, neural coordination, physiology, sense organs, sensory reception, California sea lion, mental rotation, mirror image discrimination, nervous system, visuospatial information processing, marine mammals, pigeons.
Mccafferty, D.J., I.L. Boyd, and R.I. Taylor (1998). Diving behaviour of Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76(3): 513-520. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: behavior, dive depth, diving behavior, Antarctic fur seal, pups, South Georgia, weaned, prey.
Mcshane, L.J., J.A. Estes, M.L. Riedman, and M.M. Staedler (1995). Repertoire, structure, and individual variation of vocalizations in the sea otter. Journal of Mammalogy 76(2): 414-427. ISSN: 0022-2372.
NAL Call Number: 410 J823
Descriptors: behavior, communication, sea otter, vocalizations, social behavior, repertoire, captive, wild, adult, young, complexity, short range, communication.
Mitani, Y., Y. Watanabe, K. Sato, M.F. Cameron, and Y. Naito (2004). 3D diving behavior of Weddell seals with respect to prey accessibility and abundance. Marine Ecology Progress Series 281: 275-281. ISSN: 0171-8630.
NAL Call Number: QH541.5.S3M32
Descriptors: Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, food availability, prey accessibility, abundance, foraging, aquatic diving, Antarctic Ocean, Antarctica, Ross Island, Mcmurdo Sound, 3D diving behavior, dive paths, breathing holes, foraging.
Modig, A.O. (1996). Effects of body size and harem size on male reproductive behaviour in the southern elephant seal. Animal Behaviour 51(6): 1295-1306. ISSN: 0003-3472.
NAL Call Number: 410 B77
Descriptors: behavior, morphology, reproductive system, reproduction, agonistic behavior, copulatory frequency, mating success, elephant seal, body size, harem size, South Georgia.
Moldig, A., H. Engstrom, and T. Arnbom (1997). Postweaning behaviour in pups of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) on South Georgia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75(4): 582-588. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: behavior, dental and oral system, development, postweaning, nutrition, body mass, foraging, postweaning behavior, pup, fasting, South Georgia, tooth eruption.
Mortenson, J. and M. Follis (1997). Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) aggression on harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) pups. Marine Mammal Science 13(3): 526-530. ISSN: 0824-0469.
Descriptors: behavior, elephant seal, harbour seal, pups, aggression.
Moulton, V.D., E.H. Miller, and H. Ochoa Acuna (2000). Haul-out behaviour of captive harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus): incidence, seasonality, and relationships to weather. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 65(4): 367-378. ISSN: 0168-1591.
NAL Call Number: QL750.A6
Descriptors: Phocidae, seals, animal behavior, molting, air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, wind, seasonal variation.
Rehberg, M.J. and J.M. Burns (2002). Developing methods to identify potential Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) juvenile foraging behaviors using satellite relay data loggers. Arctic Science Conference Abstracts 53: 187.
Descriptors: behavior, population studies, satellite relay data loggers, Steller sea lion, juvenile foraging, foraging area selection, foraging behavior, juvenile survival, prey access.
Notes: Meeting Information: 53rd Arctic Science Conference, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, September 18-20, 2002.
Riedman, M., and Estes, J. A. (1990). The Sea Otter (Enhydra Lutris): Behavior, Ecology, and Natural History. Biological Report. 9014. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 126 p.
NAL Call Number: QH540.U562 no. 90(14)
Descriptors: sea otter, Enhydra.
Robinson, S., L. Wynen, and S. Goldsworthy (1999). Predation by a hooker's sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) on a small population of fur seals (Arctocephalus spp.) at Macquarie Island. Marine Mammal Science 15(3): 888-893. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: behavior, predation, pup mortality, pup production, hooker's sea lion, fur seals, Macquarie Island.
Roen, D. and A. Bjorge (1995). Haul-out behaviour of the Norwegian harbour seal during summer. In: Developments in Marine Biology; Whales, Seals, Fish and Man, Vol. 4, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc.: Amsterdam, Netherlands; New York, New York, USA, p. 61-67. ISBN: 0444820701.
NAL Call Number: QH91.A1D49
Descriptors: behavior, biosynchronization, harbour seal, boat traffic, diel light cycle, diurnal activity, haul out behavior, meeting paper, tidal cycle.
Notes: Meeting Information: International Symposium on the Biology of Marine Mammals in the North East Atlantic, Tromso, Norway; November 29-December 1, 1994.
Schusterman, R.J. and D. Kastak (1998). Functional equivalence in a California sea lion: relevance to animal social and communicative interactions. Animal Behaviour 55(5): 1087-1095. ISSN: 0003-3472.
NAL Call Number: 410 B77
Descriptors: behavior, communicative interactions, discrimination paradigm, matching to sample paradigm, social interactions, sea lion.
Sjoberg, M., M.A. Fedak, and B.J. Mcconnell (1995). Movements and diurnal behaviour patterns in a Baltic grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). Polar Biology 15(8): 593-595. ISSN: 0722-4060.
NAL Call Number: QH301.P64
Descriptors: behavior, grey seal, marine ecology, diurnal behavior, swimming activity, diveing, haulouts.
Tollit, D.J., A.D. Black, P.M. Thompson, A. Mackay, H.M. Corpe, B. Wilson, S.M. Van Parijs, K. Grellier, and S. Parlane (1998). Variations in harbour seal Phoca vitulina diet and dive-depths in relation to foraging habitat. Journal of Zoology (London) 244(2): 209-222. ISSN: 0952-8369.
Descriptors: marine ecology, foraging, nutrition, diet, dive depth, foraging habitat, geographical variation, sea bed sediment, harbour seal.
Watanabe, Y., E.A. Baranov, K. Sato, Y. Naito, and N. Miyazaki (2004). Foraging tactics of Baikal seals differ between day and night. Marine Ecology Progress Series 279: 283-289. ISSN: 0171-8630.
NAL Call Number: QH541.5.S3M32
Descriptors: Baikal seals, Phoca sibirica, foraging, circadian activity, day, night, Russia, Lake Baikal, foraging tactics.
Wilkinson, I.S., S.J. Childerhouse, P.J. Duignan, and F.M.D. Gulland (2000). Infanticide and cannibalism in the New Zealand sea lion, Phocarctos hookeri. Marine Mammal Science 16(2): 494-500. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: behavior, cannibalism, infanticide, pup abduction, sea lion, New Zealand.